Kullaberg Nature Reserve
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Kullaberg nature reserve WOODLANDSKOGSMARK BUSHTÄTA BUSKAGE THICKETS OPENÖPPEN JUNIPER HED HEATHMED ENBUSKAR OPENÖPPEN GRAZED HED HEATHMED BETE GOLFGOLFBANA COURSE PASTUREBETESMARK FIELDSÅKER O AND ÄNG MEADOWS CLIFFSKLIPPOR NATURUM (besökscenter)(information centre) SEVÄRDHETSIGHT BILVÄGROADS UTSIKTVIEWING POINT MARKVÄG CART TRACK RESTAURANGRESTAURANT STIGFOOTHPATH SERVERINGCAFÉ RödMain strövstig southern trail RASTPLATSPICNIC AREA BlåMain strövstig northern trail GulConnection tvärstig trails CAMPING Skåneleden SL5 / PARKERINGPARKING Kullaleden trail Fågelskyddsområde,Bird protection area, TORRDASSTOILET FACILITY tillträdeno admittance förbjudet 1/3-15/7 1 March- 15 July WC KULLABERG Bedrock Types of terrain No matter where you are in northwestern Skåne (Scania), you Kullaberg consists of ancient bedrock, primarily comprised of The accentuated mountain ridge, known as a horst, has been can usually see Kullaberg headland silhouetted against the skyline, gneiss, in complete contrast to the surrounding plain which rests formed through cracks occurring in the earth´s crust, with the the promontory rising prominently with steep precipices towards on younger, stratified sandstone. The gneiss is mainly reddish to bedrock sinking down on either side of the middle section. the straits of Öresund and bay of Skälderviken, and sloping down reddish-grey, but otherwise can vary greatly in appearance. The mountain ridge has then been sliced through by vertical towards the flat plains to the south. Woods, fragmentary heathland Rough crystals of quartz, felspar and mica also occur. Folds and intrusive rocks, some of which have expanded into deep ravines and wild escarpments stand in stark contrast to the otherwise cracks form interesting patterns in the rock. The larger cracks are such as Josefinelustdale, Djupadale and the dale east of Håkull. predominantly cultivated countryside. Lying at the foot of the es- filled with black to brownish types of rock. These intrusive rocks Peaks rise between the ravines. From the highest point of the carpment are the idyllic settlements of Mölle, Arild and Brunnby lie in bands, mainly across the peninsula from south to north, and mountain, Håkull, 187 meters above sea level, there are extensive old church village. To the south, near the shore of Öresund stands consist mainly of amphiboles and porphyrites. Along the length views over the surrounding countryside. The second highest point Krapperup keep with moat and mounds, surrounded by a large of the peninsula are fissures with a similar type of rock known as is N. Ljungås, 175 meters above sea level. park, which is open to the public. diabase, or, in its special form, "kullaite". These dark areas occur, A most interesting type of terrain has been formed by the sea, for example, at Josefinelust, Käringmalen and at the Diamond which steadily eats away at the high cliffs, which in some places Important information! rocks south of Ransvik. rise to above 60 meters. Because of the fissures in the mountain, The landscape of Kullaberg is varied and exciting, including steep and the varying durability of the rock stratas, bays, rock clefts, slopes – particularly out towards the sea. Keep an eye on your cliff tunnels (Porten), rocky islands and skerries, as well as stone children! Precipices and cliffs might look like attractive places to columns or "rauks" (Sockertoppen) have been formed. play, but they can be extremely dangerous. In the bays, the waves roll masses of stones against one another, The treetops and bushes are also home for chaffinches, various so that they become smooth and round. These stretches of warblers, great tits, blackbirds, robins and wood pigeons. Wood- wave-eroded stones ("malar") can best be described as "cannon- peckers – including black woodpeckers, great spotted woodpeck- ball grinds", and are to be found at Ransvik, Käringmalen and ers and green woodpeckers – forage for food in dead tree trunks. Håkullsmal. Both grass snakes and adders can be found on Kullaberg, and The sea has also ground out caves in the cliffs at Visit cave, lizards are common. Frogs make their homes in the marshlands. Josefinelust caves and at Söfting cave. They are not particularly Smaller creatures on Kullaberg include many species of insects, deep, and were formed when the sea level was approximately spiders, worms and snails, several of which are extremely rare. The 5-10 meters higher than it is today. oak and linden thickets on the steep slopes make particularly good habitats for these creatures. For example, the southern slopes are Land history home for the purseweb spider, the only relative of the tarantula to Originally the mountain was probably wooded, with small fens be found in the Nordic region. and bogs in fissures and ravines. In view of the geobotanical aspect, it may be assumed that oak wood was the dominant cover. Caves Man had already occupied Kullaberg during the stone age, and There are more than 20 caves along the coastline, all of which can remains have been found for example in the caves such as at Visit- Beech forest be visited by boat. Visiting the caves from the shore involves taking grottan. Other ancient remains in the form of burial mounds and great care among the loose boulders and stones of the steep slopes. stone circles at Kockenhus, Himmelstorp and Bränneslyckan tell The exception is the vegetation associated with the bands of more The most visited caves on Kullaberg are Silver cave, Lahibia cave, of further activity both on and near the mountain. nutritional rock strata, with the boggy areas and with the Visit cave and Josefinelust caves. During the 1500´s, the owners of Kullaberg were obliged to precipitous cliffs. The land use history also is very variable. maintain a beacon furthest out on the point. During this time, Thus, Kullaberg is an area rich in variety, containing approxima- probably all the woodland was felled, and when the first detailed tely 70% of all Swedish non-alpine flora species. maps of Kullaberg were produced in the 1700´s, the mountain was as good as treeless. It was only in the vicinity of Kullagård and Woodland Himmelstorp that there was any continuous woodland, and even Kullaberg boasts a rich variety of woodland scenery, with decidu- this was strongly influenced by cultivation. Beech woods were ous forests that change with the seasons: bare trees in the winter, encouraged, and in among them were hay meadows and arable pale green in the spring, bright green in the summer and a blaze fields. Otherwise juniper heath predominated, scattered with of golden red in the autumn. Oak, lime, ash and alder are all stunted oaks and bushes, where cattle, sheep and goats grazed. found on Kullaberg. The Gyllenstiernska Krapperup Foundation At the turn of the twentieth century, land utilisation changed carries out some forestry on eastern Kullaberg. completely. Nearly the whole of the heathland was planted with conifers, predominantly black pine, and with this arose the wood- Animal life land landscape which today characterises the area. Open country- The marine life around Kullaberg is similar to that found along the rocky shores further north along the west coast. As well as a side is found only in the vicinity of the village of Björkeröd, on the KULLEN LIGHTHOUSE HIMMELSTORPSGÅRDEN wealth of fish, there are also various crustaceans, sea urchins, mol- golf course on Western Kullaberg and on the heights and hillocks, Furthest out at Kullaberg Point, Luxuriant deciduous woodland surrounds luscs and mussels, several species of which are very rare. Marine where scattered fragments of the old ling heathland remain. high up on the cliffs, 78.5 meters the half-timbered, closed-yard manor mammals – porpoises and harbour seals – can sometimes be seen About 1980 most of the planted woodlands were stormfelled. above sea level, stands Kullen farm of Himmelstorp, situated on the from the land when the surface of the sea is still. Since then large areas of heathland have been restored, both Lighthouse. It was built in 1900, slopes of Eastern Kullaberg. The farm is The hilly terrain provides plenty of opportunities for badgers between Kulla mosse and Fyren (The Lighthouse), and at Norra and is Scandinavia´s most power- already mentioned in 1491, but the pre- and foxes to build their sets and dens. Hares and rabbits are often Ljungås, as well as at Djupadal. ful light with a standard candle- sent buildings, which are recognised as of spotted, either alone or in groups. Otherwise, the most typical The land is fenced and grazed by sheep and highland cattle. power of 3.8 million. The first historic importance, were erected during woodland creatures are roe deer and red deer. They often graze beacon dates back to the 1500´s, the first half of the 1800´s. Kullen´s lo- out on the open land. Wild boar can also be seen occasionally on Vegetation and flora and consisted of an iron hanging cal folk-lore society administers the farm, Kullaberg. Sheep, cows and horses also graze on open land. Birds Kullaberg is characterised by a thin and species-sparse vegetation. basket in which either wood or coal and visitors are welcome. can often be seen in and around bushes, including shrikes, white- The reason for this is partly the meagre gneiss bedrock, and partly was burnt. throats, lesser whitethroats and linnets. the earlier extremely intensive exploitation of the land. www.kullenshembygdsforening.se Recent history Please remember! Even if Kullaberg was earlier visited by many travellers - of whom * Soil, rocks and stones must not be damaged Carl von Linné was the most well-known - the first tourists began * Flowers and plants must not be picked or dug up to arrive in the 1860´s. Visits became organised, and the owner of Kullagården began to run it as a country inn. * Do not break any branches or damage bushes and trees During the 1870`s, the farm and thus all of Kullaberg, was transfe- * Do not take plants or animal life from the seabed rred into the Krapperup ownership.