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Analytical Methods AnalyticalVolume 7 Number 22 21 November 2015 Pages 9375–9716 Methods www.rsc.org/methods ISSN 1759-9660 CRITICAL REVIEW David I. Ellis et al. Point-and-shoot: rapid quantitative detection methods for on-site food fraud analysis – moving out of the laboratory and into the food supply chain Analytical Methods View Article Online CRITICAL REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Point-and-shoot: rapid quantitative detection methods for on-site food fraud analysis – moving Cite this: Anal. Methods,2015,7, 9401 out of the laboratory and into the food supply chain David I. Ellis,*a Howbeer Muhamadali,a Simon A. Haughey,b Christopher T. Elliottb and Royston Goodacrea Major food adulteration and contamination events occur with alarming regularity and are known to be episodic, with the question being not if but when another large-scale food safety/integrity incident will occur. Indeed, the challenges of maintaining food security are now internationally recognised. The ever increasing scale and complexity of food supply networks can lead to them becoming significantly more vulnerable to fraud and contamination, and potentially dysfunctional. This can make the task of deciding which analytical methods are more suitable to collect and analyse (bio)chemical data within complex food supply chains, at targeted points of vulnerability, that much more challenging. It is evident that those working within and associated Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. with the food industry are seeking rapid, user-friendly methods to detect food fraud and contamination, and rapid/high-throughput screening methods for the analysis of food in general. In addition to being robust and Received 4th August 2015 reproducible, these methods should be portable and ideally handheld and/or remote sensor devices, that Accepted 30th August 2015 can be taken to or be positioned on/at-line at points of vulnerability along complex food supply networks DOI: 10.1039/c5ay02048d and require a minimum amount of background training to acquire information rich data rapidly (ergo point- www.rsc.org/methods and-shoot).Herewebriefly discuss a range of spectrometry and spectroscopy based approaches, many of aSchool of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of bQueens University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Global Food This article is licensed under a Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 Security, Antrim, Belfast BT9 5AG, North Ireland, UK 7ND, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Open Access Article. Published on 01 septiembre 2015. Downloaded 28/09/2021 4:58:02 p.m.. David Ellis was educated on the Howbeer Muhamadali received Welsh coast at the University of rst class honours in Microbi- Wales, Aberystwyth, obtaining a ology at the Manchester Metro- B.Sc. (Hons) in Environmental politan University in 2010. In Science and a PhD in Analytical 2011, he successfully completed Biotechnology/Microbiology. His an MPhil in geomicrobiology at research involving the rapid and the University of Manchester, quantitative detection of food- working on the optimisation and borne bacteria using FT-IR and scale-up of a batch culture machine learning has been magnetite nanoparticle produc- widely publicised, featuring on tion bioprocess. He continued BBC TV and radio, the Science with a PhD program (Biotech- Museum in London, as well as nology/Metabolomics), in Roy the national and international press (e.g. WIRED). He now works Goodacre's group at the University of Manchester. His project at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), as a Senior involved the metabolomics investigations of different microbial Experimental Officer undertaking research and managing the labs bioprocesses, such as E. coli, Streptomyces and Geobacter species, of Roy Goodacre (http://biospec.net) and Doug Kell (http:// using various analytical techniques such as FT-IR and Raman dbkgroup.org), in the School of Chemistry, University of Man- spectroscopies, GC-MS, DIMS and multivariate statistical analysis chester, UK. approaches. Howbeer is currently working as a research associate in Roy Goodacre's labs, on several projects, including metab- olomics and uxomics investigation of recombinant protein production in S. lividans TK24. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Anal. Methods,2015,7, 9401–9414 | 9401 View Article Online Analytical Methods Critical Review which are commercially available, as well as other methods currently under development. We discuss a future perspective of how this range of detection methods in the growing sensor portfolio, along with developments in computational and information sciences such as predictive computing and the Internet of Things, will together form systems- and technology-based approaches that significantly reduce the areas of vulnerability to food crime within food supply chains. As food fraud is a problem of systems and therefore requires systems level solutions and thinking. Background Simon Haughey is a Senior Research Fellow within the Insti- Major food fraud and contamination events occur with alarm- tute for Global Food Security at ing regularity, and are known to be episodic, with the question Queen's University Belfast and is being not if but when another large-scale food safety/integrity the manager of the ASSET Tech- incident will occur. The increase in scale and spread of these nology Centre. He has a B.Sc. events could be said to be directly related to globalization and (Hons) in Pure and Applied rapid distribution systems, with the result that major events can Chemistry and a PhD in Organic now have international impacts, with far-reaching and some- 1 Chemistry. He has published times lethal consequences. It is perhaps not surprising then more than 50 scientic papers. that as the modern phase of globalization is relatively recent th He spent more than 8 years as a (from the latter part of the 20 century), issues related to large- Senior Research Scientist in scale food adulteration and contamination events are only now industry where his activities beginning to be realised, discussed and analysed in far more included research, product development and manufacturing of in detail, by the food industry, regulators, as well as by consumers. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. vitro diagnostic kits for use on SPR technology. His current research These discussions could be said to include the parts played by interests include spectroscopic ngerprinting techniques (e.g. the drivers of global population and consumer/supplier RAMAN/NIRS/FT-IR) and food/feed quality and safety, food/feed demand for an increasingly wide-range of food products year authenticity/fraud/provenance. round, regardless of seasonality or local availability, resulting in Chris is currently Professor of Roy Goodacre is a PhD graduate Food Safety and founder of the from the University of Bristol This article is licensed under a Institute for Global Food Secu- (UK) where he studied mass rity at Queen's University Bel- spectrometry of microbial fast. He serves as Pro Vice systems. Aer a postdoc, Well- Chancellor for the university come Trust fellowship and Open Access Article. Published on 01 septiembre 2015. Downloaded 28/09/2021 4:58:02 p.m.. and is responsible for the lectureship in the University of Medical and Life Sciences Wales, Aberystwyth, he is now Faculty. He has published more Professor of Biological Chem- than 300 peer review articles, istry at the University of Man- many of them relating to the chester (UK). His group's main detection and control of agri- areas of research (http:// culture, food and environmental www.biospec.net/) are broadly related contaminants. His main research interests are in the within analytical biotechnology, metabolomics and systems development of innovative techniques to provide early warning of biology, and one of his areas of interest is Food Security and Food toxin threats across complex food supply systems. Protecting the Integrity. His expertise involves many forms of Raman spectros- integrity of the food supply chain from fraud is also a key research copy (including deep UV resonance Raman and SERS), FT-IR topic and Chris led the independent review of Britain's food system spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, as well as advanced che- following the 2013 horsemeat scandal. Over the years Chris has mometrics, machine learning and evolutionary computational developed a high level network of collaborators across Europe, the methods. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Metabolomics, on the United States and Asia. He co-ordinates and participates in Editorial Advisory Boards of Analyst and Journal of Analytical and multiple European framework research projects. He is a founding Applied Pyrolysis, a founding director of the Metabolomics Society member of the International School for Advanced Residue Analysis and a director of the Metabolic Proling Forum. in Food based in France. He is also a visiting Professor at the China Agriculture University in Beijing, a recipient of a Winston Churchill Fellowship and is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Royal Society of Biology and the Institute of Food Science and Technology. 9402 | Anal. Methods,2015,7, 9401–9414 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 View Article Online Critical Review Analytical Methods the ever increasing scale and complexity of food supply Spectrometry versus spectroscopy networks. This not only leads to food supply networks becoming signicantly more
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