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Evaluation of the Sustainiblity of Rural Water Supply Schemes: a Case of Bambasi Woreda

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Evaluation of the Sustainiblity of Rural Water Supply Schemes: a Case of Bambasi Woreda EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINIBLITY OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES: A CASE OF BAMBASI WOREDA M.Sc. THESIS BY TAREKEGN BIRHANU ARBA MINCH, ETHIOPIA NOVEMBER, 2017 Evaluation of The Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Schemes : A Case of Bambasi Woreda MSc. Thesis By Tarekegn Birhanu A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering Institute of Technology, School of Graduate Studies, Arba Minch University In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Water Supply and Sanitation Engineering. Arba Minch November, 2017 SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY APPROVAL PAGE This thesis entitled with “Evaluation of The Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Schemes: A Case of Bambasi Woreda” has been approved by the following advisor, examiners, department head and SGS coordination in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Irrigation Engineering and Management. Date of Defense: November 3, 2017 Submitted by: - Tarekegn Birhanu ____________________ _______________ Name Signature Date Approved by: - 1. Mihiret Danto (PhD) ____________________ _______________ Name External Examiner Signature Date 2. Kinfe Kassa (Dr. Ing) ____________________ _______________ Name of Internal Examiner Signature Date 3. Mr. Mosisa Teferi (MSc.) ___________________ _______________ Name of Chairperson Signature Date 4. Beshah Mogesse (PhD) ____________________ _______________ Name of Principal advisor Signature Date 5. Mr. Mosisa Teferi (MSc.) ____________________ _______________ Department head Signature Date 6. Mr. Aschalew Cherie (MSc.) ____________________ _______________ Coordinator, SGS Signature Date 7. Abera Uncha (PhD) ____________________ _______________ Director, SGS Signature Date DEDICATION This thesis manuscript is dedicated to my mother, TSGIREDA BELAY, when she was in alive for their sacrifice in the success of my life. _______________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS With the help of "Almighty God", now everything comes to the end of the started journey and beginning of a new one. Next to God, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Beshah Mogesse, for his invaluable assistance, advice, constructive comments and follow up throughout the research process. At this junction, I would also like to thank Dr. Mekonene Ayana supporting me during title identification and proposal formulation. I would like to acknowledge the financial and material supports for my Master’s study and the research from my Bureau (Benishangul Gumuz Water, Mine and energy Bureau), and Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity. I am gratefully to all Bambasi woreda water, mine and energy staffs and experts at the visited kebeles for providing me the available data for my study. Moreover, I express my deep indebtedness to Mr Addisu Temtem, WASH project planning expert at ministry of water, irrigation and electricity, who gave me necessary data for my study. There are many friends and colleagues who have contributed to my work. Although I cannot mention all, it is compulsory to mention Mrs. Woderyelesh Moges, Mr. Endalkachew Birhanu, Mr. Dawit Tsegaye Mr. Tesfahiwot Mamo, Mr. Meresa Hdush and Mr Milkyas Adugna. At last but not least, I want to thanks those who helped me directly or indirectly during the course work and research. i Acronyms BeGu Benishangul Gumuz BeGuHB Benishangul Gumuz Health Bureau BeGuWMEB Benishangul Gumuz Water, mine and Energy Bureau BSc Bachelor of Since BWWO Bambasi Woreda Water, Office CSA Central Statics Authority FGDs Focus Group Desiccations GLAAS Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation GO Governmental Organization GTP-1 Growth and Transformation Plan-I GTP-2 Growth and Transformation Plan-II HDW Hand Dug Well IRC International Reference Center for community water MCA Multi- Criteria Approach MDG Millennium Development Goal MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity MSc Master of Since NAP National Accesses plan NGOs Non- Governmental Organizations O & M Operation and Maintenance RMBO Regional Meteorological Branch Office RWS Rural Water Supply SPSS Statistical Packages for Social Science SW Shallow Well UAP Universal Accesses Plane UN United Nation UNICEF United Nation Café the Children WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WHO World Health Organization WSSC Water Supply and Sanitation Collaboration Council ii Table of content 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ 2 1.2. General Objective ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1. Specific Objectives .............................................................................................. 3 1.3. Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 3 1.4. Scope of the Study....................................................................................................... 4 2. Literature Review............................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Overview of Water ...................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Definition of Sustainability ......................................................................................... 6 2.3. The Concept of Sustainability ..................................................................................... 6 2.4. Existing Water Supply Situation In Ethiopia .............................................................. 7 2.4.1. Status of Water Supply and Sanitation In Ethiopia ............................................. 8 2.5. Factor Affecting Sustainability of Rural Water Supply .............................................. 8 2.5.1. Financial Factors .................................................................................................. 9 2.5.2. Technical Factors ............................................................................................... 10 2.5.3. Legal and Institutional Issues............................................................................. 11 2.5.4. Community and Social Factors .......................................................................... 12 2.6. Overview of Multi Criteria Approach ....................................................................... 13 2.7. Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................. 14 3. Materials and Methods ..................................................................................................... 16 3.1. The Study Area.......................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1. Bambasi Woreda ................................................................................................ 17 3.1.2. Population .......................................................................................................... 18 3.1.3. Water Demand ................................................................................................... 18 3.2. Data Collection Methods ........................................................................................... 18 3.3. Multi- Criteria Approach (MCA) .............................................................................. 19 iii 3.3.1. Selection of Sample Kebeles ............................................................................. 20 3.3.2. Selection of Sample water Point ........................................................................ 20 3.3.3. Selection of Sample Size ................................................................................... 21 3.4. Data Analysis ............................................................................................................ 21 4. Result and Discussion ...................................................................................................... 22 4.1. Overview of respondents profile ............................................................................... 22 4.2. Existing Water Supply Situation ............................................................................... 23 4.2.1. Public Awareness and Education. ...................................................................... 23 4.3. Sources of Water Supply ........................................................................................... 23 4.4. Status of Water Supply Schemes .............................................................................. 26 4.4.1. Service Hours of Hand Dug Well ...................................................................... 27 4.4.2. Performance of Water Supply Schemes ............................................................ 28 4.5. Challenge of Sustainability of RWS Schemes ......................................................... 29 4.5.1. Site Selection and construction quality of RWS schemes ................................. 29 4.5.2. Availability of local technicians and spare parts ............................................... 30 4.5.3. Technical aspects .............................................................................................. 32 4.5.4. Availability of spare parts .................................................................................
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