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Shrimps of the Pasiphaeid Genus Leptochela with Descriptions of Three New Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea)

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Shrimps of the Pasiphaeid Genus Leptochela with Descriptions of Three New Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) fe Shrimps of the Pasiphaeid Genus Leptochela with Descriptions of Three New Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) FENNER A. CHACE, JR. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 222 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub- lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 222 Shrimps of the Pasiphaeid Genus Leptochela with Descriptions of Three New Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) Fenner A. Chace, Jr. APR g 2 1378 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1976 ABSTRACT Chace, Fenner A., Jr. Shrimps of the Pasiphaeid Genus Leptochela with Descriptions of Three New Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 222, 51 pages, 37 figures, 1976.—Twelve species of Leptochela are described and illustrated, including L. hawaiiensis, new species, from Hawaii; L. irrobusta, new species, from the Red Sea to the Marshall and Samoa islands; and L. papulata, new species, from the Carolinas, Georgia, and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Proboloura, new subgenus, is proposed for the types-species L. carinata Ortmann. The geographic distribution and sexual dimorphism of the species are discussed. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 6168. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Chace, Fenner Albert. Shrimps of the Pasiphaeid genus Leptochela with descriptions of three new species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 222) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:222 1. Leptochela. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 222. QL1.S54. no. 222 [QL444.M33] 591'.08s [595'.3843] 75-619368 Contents Page Introduction 1 Zoogeography 1 Systematic Discussion 1 Acknowledgments 2 Genus Leptochela Stimpson ' 2 Key to the Species 3 Subgenus Leptochela Stimpson 4 1. L. (L.) aculeocaudata Paulson 4 2. L. (L.) bermudensis Gurney 7 3. L. (L.) gracilis Stimpson 11 4. L. (L.) hawaiiensis, new species 15 5. L. (L) irrobusta, new species 19 6. L. (L.) japonica Hayashi and Miyake 23 7. L. (L.) papulata, new species 26 8. L. (L.) pugnax De Man 31 9. L. (L.) robusta Stimpson 34 10. L. (L.) serratorbita Bate 36 ILL. (L.) sydniensis Dakin and Colefax 40 Proboloura, new subgenus 44 12. L. (P.) carinata Ortmann 45 Literature Cited 49 in Shrimps of the Pasiphaeid Genus Leptochela with Descriptions of Three New Species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Introduction lecting in some of these areas will almost certainly expand the known range of Leptochela, but it is ZOOGEOGRAPHY.—The little shrimps of the genus unlikely that the genus occurs naturally in the Leptochela, ranging in adult size from carapace eastern Atlantic, where advanced collecting tech- lengths of less than three to nearly ten mm, are niques have been widely used for a long time. often abundant in certain parts of the world, espe- SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION.—The species of Lepto- cially near the sea surface at night. Seven of the 12 chela are so consistently distinct from the other species recognized in this review are known from genera of the Pasiphaeidae that they have some- the Indo-West-Pacific region: from the Red Sea times been assigned to a separate family, the Lep- eastward to the Marshall and Samoa islands and tochelidae Paulson, 1875. There is little justifica- from Japan and Korea southward to South Aus- tion for such discrimination, however, for the tralia and Tasmania (Figure 1). An eighth spe- mouthparts and pereopods of Leptochela are char- cies has been found only in Hawaii. The remain- acteristically pasiphaeid. On the other hand, this ing four species occur in the western Atlantic from study, the first worldwide survey of the genus, sug- the latitude of Massachusetts to northern Brazil gested rather convincingly that one of the species near the mouth of the Amazon River. Two of the is sufficiently distinct from the others to be ac- species occurring in the Red Sea apparently have corded subgeneric rank. invaded the eastern Mediterranean, and another Another clarification disclosed by the study is species wide ranging in the western Atlantic has that the sexual dimorphism first noticed by Kemp been taken in the eastern Pacific near the south- (1925:250) and represented by a longitudinally ern tip of Baja California. It seems apparent that tricarinate carapace in breeding females only, oc- Leptochela has a disjunct distribution. Except for curs in the majority, but not all, of the species of three possible migrants through man-made canals, Leptochela. In two species, the carapace is tri- the genus is unknown until now from the west carinate in both sexes, while in two other species coasts of North, Central, and South America; most it is not so modified in either sex (see L. sydnien- of the east coast of South America; and the coasts sis, Remarks). of Europe and most of Africa. More intensive col- Thanks to the rather extensive series of Lepto- Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology, chela in the Smithsonian collections and to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- kind cooperation of colleagues mentioned below, tion, Washington, D.C. 20560. I have been able to examine specimens of all of 1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FICURE 1.—World distribution of the genus Leptochela as suggested by available records. the described species except L. hainanensis Yu, arranging the loan of study material; Takahiro 1936. I believed at first that this name was avail- Fujino of the Kyushu University Faculty of Medi- able for the Indo-Pacific species generally mis- cine for translating Japanese literature and for identified as L. aculeocaudata, but certain of the sending comparative material of Leptochela sydn- characters ascribed to L. hainanensis disagree with iensis on loan; D. J. G. Griffin of the Australian those in material that I have seen of the misidenti- Museum for the loan of all Leptochela specimens fied species. Only the comparison of specimens of in that institution; L. B. Holthuis of the Rijks- L. hainanensis with those described below under museum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, for per- the name L. sydniensis can decide whether these mitting the examination of more than 1800 speci- species are distinct or whether L. hainanensis mens from the Red Sea; Richard L. Wigley of the should take precedence as a senior synonym of L. National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, sydniensis. for checking the documentation of a unique speci- The postorbital carapace lengths of the speci- men; Austin B. Williams of the Systematics Labo- mens listed in the "Material" section of each of the ratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service, species descriptions are shown in parentheses. The Washington, D.C., for making available material indicated magnifications of the illustrations are in the Institute of Marine Science, Morehead City, reasonably but not always precisely accurate. North Carolina; and my Smithsonian colleagues ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—This study was initially Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., and Raymond B. Manning motivated and continuously nurtured by John C. for reviewing the manuscript. Yaldwyn of the National Museum of New Zealand; his profound knowledge of the other pasiphaeid Genus Leptochela Stimpson genera was especially valuable during the entire progress of the investigation. Also, I take this op- Leptochela Stimpson, 1860:42. portunity to thank Keiji Baba of the Kumamoto DEFINITION.—Pasiphaeid with conventional ros- University Faculty of Education for translating trum. Carapace and rostrum unarmed dorsally. pertinent Japanese literature; Harold S. Feinberg Branchiostegal tooth and branchiostegal sinus ab- of the American Museum of Natural History for sent.
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