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Socio-Economic Baseline for the REDD+ Project Sites in Southern Leyte Imprint

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Socio-Economic Baseline for the REDD+ Project Sites in Southern Leyte Imprint FOREST POLICY & REDD PLUS PROJECT A BASELINE STUDY 01 Socio-Economic Baseline for the REDD+ Project Sites in Southern Leyte Imprint This publication is by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit through the Climate-relevant Modernization of Forest Policy and Piloting of REDD Project in the Philippines, funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) under its International Climate Initiative, The BMU supports this Initiative based on a decision of the German Parliament. For more information see http: //www. international-climate-initiative.com May 2012 Manila, Philippines Contact Dr. Bernd-Markus Liss Principal Advisor Climate-relevant Modernization of Forest Policy and Piloting of REDD Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Department of Environment and Natural Resources Climate Change Office 2nd Floor, FASPO Building Visayas Avenue, Quezon City, 1101 Philippines Phone +63 2 929 6626 local 207 Fax +63 2 892 3374 Email [email protected] Source and Copyrights © 2012 GIZ Authors Dr. Pedro T. Armenia Dr. Ma. Salome B. Bulayog Dr. Teofanes R. Patindol Mr. Moises Neil V. Serino Ms. Nelfa M. Glova Citation GIZ 2012 Socio-Economic Baseline for the REDD+ Project Sites in Southern Leyte, Philippines. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, November 2011. ISBN: 978-971-95451-0-1 CLIMATE-RELEVANT MODERNIZATION OF Socio-Economic FOREST POLICY AND PILOTING OF REDD Baseline for the REDD+ BASELINE STUDY Project Sites in Southern Leyte 01 A PUBLICATION BY THE DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR INTERNATIONALE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GIZ) GMBH Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), for providing funding support to this project. Specifically, we would like to thank Dr. Bernd-Markus Liss, Principal Advisor, Forest Policy and REDD Plus Project for his approval of this project and for providing overall supervision in the implementation as well as his important comments and suggestions to improve the final project report; Mr. Dominik Fortenbacher, for his initiative to initially meet with the VSU team, his constant coordination work as well as his valuable comments and suggestions for the improvement of the final report; We are also grateful to the participants: Ricardo T. Tomol of PENRO-DENR, Southern Leyte, Don Ignacio of GIZ-REDD+, Vince Delector, Jr. of GIZ EnRD / REDD+, Sonny Salvoza of GIZ- EnRD, and the VSU faculty members: Dr. Eduardo O. Mangaong, Dr. Arturo E. Pasa, Dr. Juliet C. Ceniza as well as the other participants for their comments and suggestions during the project presentation and workshop held at VSU on November 29, 2011. We are also grateful for the administrative support provided by Mr. Bernard Agawin, former Senior Adviser, GIZ-REDD+ Project during the entire duration of the project. We are also grateful to the Visayas State University (VSU) President, Dr. Jose L. Bacusmo and the Vice-President for Research and Extension, Dr. Othello B. Capuno, for the approval to allow the research team to conduct the study. We are also indebted to the local government units (LGUs) at the city / municipality and barangay levels as well as the representatives of the Peoples’ Organizations’ in the REDD+ pilot and non-pilot sites in Maasin City and the Municipalities of Bontoc, Sogod, Tomas Oppus, and Silago all of Southern Leyte for providing assistance to the team and the enumerators and for facilitating and allowing the research team to collect the needed data and conduct interviews in the identifiedbarangays . Our gratitude also goes to all the enumerators for their research assistance in the conduct of the household survey; Ms. Elsie Tausa, Ms. Yasmin Casillano, Ms. Adelfa Diola, and Ms. Roseli-Fatima Sosmeña for the data encoding and assistance in tabulation of results and in complying with the required clerical tasks; the household respondents and community leaders for their time and cooperation during the survey, and key-informants who provided us valuable information to validate or contrast our initial findings. Most and above all, we wish to give thanks and praise to the Lord and our Almighty God for which each one of us always draw our strength from Him. Comments related to this report should be sent to the Project Team Leader: Dr. Pedro T. Armenia, Department of Economics, College of Management & Economics, Visayas State Universtiy, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte 6521-A. +6353-335-2634, +63530- 7304 or +639176522562. Email: [email protected] This research project was commissioned and funded by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. ii Foreword Forests used to be one of the richest natural resources in the Philippines. Barely sixty years ago more than 40% of the islands’ land surface was covered with forest; now only about 24% remains. The combined effects of indiscriminate logging, mining, inadequate forest protection, fires, pests, expansion of upland agriculture, and unplanned land conversion are cited as the main causes of forest depletion. The decline in forest cover goes along with a significant loss of ecological services provided by forests, such as biodiversity conservation, storage capacity for water, prevention of soil degradation and soil erosion. Forests are where millions of Filipinos dwell in and is their source of livelihood. Forest loss is also associated with deteriorating living conditions of forest dependent communities. Forests play an important role for our climate. They regulate local and regional climate, and sequester and store carbon. By removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere forests can contribute significantly to mitigate climate change. Deforestation and forest degradation, however, lead to high release of greenhouse gas emissions. Worldwide, the forest sector is the second leading sector responsible for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Following the energy sector it is responsible for approximately 17% of CO2 emissions, largely as a result of deforestation. By protecting forests and enhancing carbon stocks through reforestation, forest rehabilitation and sustainable management an important contribution to mitigate the effects of climate change could be achieved. Climate change is of critical concern to the Philippines, since the country is one of the areas most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in Southeast Asia. The Philippines have recognized that negative effects from deforestation and forest degradation are one of the main future challenges in the country. The concept of REDD-plus provides a framework for reacting to these challenges and through the formulation of the National REDD-plus Strategy, the first steps for the implementation of REDD-plus has been brought on track in the Philippines. The project “Climate-relevant Modernization of the National Forest Policy and Piloting of REDD Measures in the Philippines,” funded under the International Climate Protection Initiative of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU), supports the country’s efforts towards forest and climate protection and the development of appropriate policy and instruments. The Project is implemented by GIZ together with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) as the main partner, in cooperation with local government units (LGUs) and a wide range of stakeholders, in line with the Philippine National REDD-plus Strategy (PNRPS). The Project aims at an improved forest policy and the development of incentives for forest protection and rehabilitation, reduction of greenhouse gases (conservation of biodiversity, and building of capacities towards this end. It focuses on forest policy reforms and REDD-plus pilot activities in the selected project area in Southern Leyte to inform the implementation of REDD- plus in the Philippines. iii An important feature of REDD-Plus is also the provision of the so called co-benefits: biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. Especially with the background that human behavior has the highest impacts on deforestation and forest degradation, it is crucial to involve the local population in REDD-plus activities and create a win-win situation for people and forest to make such protection of forest ecosystem happen. This study is part of a wider approach to analyze frame conditions and implementation options for REDD-plus in the Philippines, to enhance forest functions, and finally achieve reduced emissions and co-benefits. In this context GIZ supports the conduct of country wide policy studies on the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, forest policies, the issue of carbon rights and on free, prior, informed consent (FPIC) as an important safeguard for REDD-plus. With this socio-economic study about the REDD-plus pilot area in Southern Leyte we have realized an extraordinary basis for learning more about the living conditions of the people and the connection between local population and forest resources. Having the knowledge of the socio-economic profile within REDD-plus pilot areas is the first step towards learning more about people’s dependence on forest ecosystems, knowing the interaction between forest and people and identifying people’s behavior in using forest resources. Furthermore, a socio-economic baseline provides important information on how projects and activities should be designed to achieve highest benefit for people and consequently for the forest ecosystem, and lays the ground to be able to
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