Blood Chimerism in Twins
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The Human Chimera: Legal Problems Arising from Individuals with Multiple Types of Dna
Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Law School Student Scholarship Seton Hall Law 5-2-2014 The umH an Chimera: Legal Problems Arising From Individuals with Multiple Types of DNA Robert Russell Granzen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship Recommended Citation Granzen, Robert Russell, "The umH an Chimera: Legal Problems Arising From Individuals with Multiple Types of DNA" (2014). Law School Student Scholarship. 485. https://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/485 THE HUMAN CHIMERA: LEGAL PROBLEMS ARISING FROM INDIVIDUALS WITH MULTIPLE TYPES OF DNA Robert Granzen INTRODUCTION Science continually changes, and with it our understanding of the human body. While some scientific developments are limited in scope, others have widespread effects. Scientists have just recently begun understanding the range of effects chimerism in humans can have. Chimerism, originally associated with hermaphrodites having both male and female sexual organs, is much more common than originally thought. As chimerism becomes more common, so do individuals with separate and distinct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strands in their bodies. Most individuals are unaware of their chimeric genetic code and most will likely never know. Because of the inherent difficulty of testing for chimerism, many problems are presented to legal system. Part I of this article will begin with the history of human chimeras. The section will then describe the ways in which chimeras are formed. The section will discuss the most common form of chimerism in humans--fetal cell microchimerism (FMC). FMC occurs when cells are transferred from baby to mother or mother to baby via the umbilical cord.1 Studies have shown that mothers may keep cells from their children for years after giving birth.2 Moreover, cells can be exchanged between twins while inside the uterus.3 Secondly, the section will describe the process of embryo fusion, which can cause tetragametic chimerism. -
Association Between First-Trimester Intrauterine Hematoma and Twin Pregnancy Outcomes: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Association Between First-Trimester Intrauterine Hematoma and Twin Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study Wanqing Ji Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Jie Zheng Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Weidong Li Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Fang Guo Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Bo Hou Third Aliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Ping He ( [email protected] ) Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-8578 Research article Keywords: intrauterine hematoma, twin gestation, rst trimester, miscarriage, vanishing twin syndrome Posted Date: September 21st, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-75567/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on January 11th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03528-0. 1 Title page 2 Association between first-trimester intrauterine hematoma and twin pregnancy 3 outcomes: A retrospective cohort study 4 Wanqing Ji1,Ϯ , jie Zheng1,Ϯ, Weidong Li 2,Ϯ, Fang Guo1, , Ping He1,* Bo Hou3,* 5 1Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical 6 University, Guangzhou, 510623,China. 7 2Department of Woman and Child Health Information Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical 8 Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623,China. 9 3Departments of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 10 Guangdong province, 510630, China.E-mail: [email protected] 11 *Correspondence address. Ping He, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou 12 Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510623, China.Fax number: 86-20-8717 6790 13 E-mail: [email protected] 14 Bo Hou , Departments of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 15 Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510630, China. -
A Rapid and Inexpensive PCR-Based STR Genotyping Method for Identifying Forensic Specimens
DOT/FAA/AM-06/14 Office of Aerospace Medicine Washington, DC 20591 A Rapid and Inexpensive PCR-Based STR Genotyping Method for Identifying Forensic Specimens Doris M. Kupfer1 Mark Huggins2 Brandt Cassidy3 Nicole Vu3 Dennis Burian1 Dennis V. Canfield1 1Civil Aerospace Medical Institute P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 2Advancia 655 Research Parkway Oklahoma City, OK 73104 3DNA Solutions 840 Research Parkway Oklahoma City, OK 73104 June 2006 Final Report NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents thereof. ___________ This publication and all Office of Aerospace Medicine technical reports are available in full-text from the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute’s publications Web site: www.faa.gov/library/reports/medical/oamtechreports/index.cfm Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT/FAA/AM-06/14 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date A Rapid and Inexpensive PCR-Based STR Genotyping Method for June 2006 6. Performing Organization Code Identifying Forensic Specimens 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. 1 2 3 3 Doris M. Kupfer, Mark Huggins, Brandt Cassidy, Nicole Vu, Dennis Burian,1 and Dennis V. Canfield1 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 1FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute 2Advancia P.O. Box 25082 655 Research Parkway 11. Contract or Grant No. Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Oklahoma City, OK 73104 3DNA Solutions 840 Research Parkway Oklahoma City, OK 73104 12. -
CDC Having Healthy Babies One at a Time
HAVING HEALTHY BABIES ONE AT A TIME Why are we worried about twin pregnancies? We know that you are ready to start or add to your family. You may be concerned about your chances of having a baby using in vitro fertilization (IVF) or how much cycles of IVF cost. These concerns are common and may lead you to think about transferring more than one embryo during your IVF procedure. However, transferring more than one embryo increases your chances of having twins or more. Twin pregnancy is risky for baby and mother, whether or not IVF is used. Some of these risks include: Almost 3 out of 5 Twin babies are more likely to be stillborn, twin babies are born preterm, or at less than experience neonatal death, have birth defects of 37 weeks of pregnancy. Twin babies are nearly the brain, heart, face, limbs, muscles, or digestive 6 times as likely to be born preterm as system, and have autism than single babies. single babies. Almost 1 out of 10 About 1 out of 4 women carrying twins gets pregnancy-related twin babies are admitted to the neonatal high blood pressure. Women carrying twins intensive care unit (NICU). Twin babies are are twice as likely to get pregnancy-related high more than 5 times as likely to be admitted to the blood pressure as women carrying single babies. NICU as single babies. Almost 1 out of 20 About 7 out of 1,000 women carrying twins gets gestational diabetes. twin babies have cerebral palsy. Twin babies are Women carrying twins are 1.5 times as likely to get more than 4 times as likely to have cerebral palsy gestational diabetes as women carrying as single babies. -
Association Between Chorionicity and Preterm Birth in Twin Pregnancies: a Systematic Review Involving 29 864 Twin Pregnancies
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16479 Systematic Review www.bjog.org Association between chorionicity and preterm birth in twin pregnancies: a systematic review involving 29 864 twin pregnancies S Marleen,a,b C Dias,b R Nandasena,b R MacGregor,c J Allotey,d J Aquilina,c A Khalil,e,f S Thangaratinamg a Barts Research Centre for Women’s Health (BARC), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK b Sri Jayewardenepura Postgraduate Teaching Hospital, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka c Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK d Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK e St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK f Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s Medical School, University of London, London, UK g World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Global Women’s Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Correspondence: S Marleen, Barts Research Centre for Women’s Health (BARC), Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. Email: [email protected] Accepted 7 August 2020. Published Online 7 October 2020. Background The perinatal mortality and morbidity among twins I2 = 46%, OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.27–1.89 I2 = 68%, OR 1.47, 95% CI vary by chorionicity. Although it is considered that 1.27–1.69, I2 = 60%, OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.43–1.93, I2 = 65%, monochorionicity is associated with an increased risk of preterm respectively). -
Pre-Eclampsia/Eclampsia in Twin Pregnancies A
J Med Genet: first published as 10.1136/jmg.13.3.208 on 1 June 1976. Downloaded from Journal of Medical Genetics (1976). 13, 208-211. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in twin pregnancies A. McFARLANE and J. S. SCOTT From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Leeds Maternity Hospital), University of Leeds, 17 Springfield Mount, Leeds LS2 9NG Summary. A study of 1045 twin gestations with regard to known or likely zygosity and the incidence of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia failed to reveal differences between known dizygous twins and like-sex 'presumed' and 'estimated' monozygous twins except in the 'estimated' data for multigravidae. There was a threefold in- crease in the incidence for twins as opposed to singleton pregnancies. These results are discussed in relation to increased conceptus-mother antigenic differences. It is suggested that the risk of gestosis in twin pregnancy involves more than a summa- tion ofthat operating in two singleton pregnancies. It has been suggested that genetic incompatibility Pregnancies were classified according to definitions given between mother and fetus may be a factor in the below. aetiology of pre-eclampsia (Penrose, 1946; Kalmus, 1946; Platt, Stewart, and Emery, 1958). Epidemio- A. Hypertension status logical evidence has been provided by Stevenson et (1) Mildpre-eclampsia-a basal blood pressure of 120/ 80 mm Hg or less recorded before 24 weeks' gestation, al (1971) in a study of consanguineous marriages in followed by a rise to 140/90 mm Hg or more on at least the Middle East. They also recorded twin data two occasions recorded in the antenatal ward, clinic which pointed to a higher incidence of toxaemia in readings being discounted, together with oedema and unlike-sex as opposed to like-sex twin pregnancies. -
The Design, Optimization and Testing of Y Chromosome
THE DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND TESTING OF Y CHROMOSOME SHORT TANDEM REPEAT MEGAPLEXES by Richard Schoske submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of American University in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry Chair: ________________________ Dr. James Girard ________________________ Dr. Albert Cheh ________________________ Dr. John M. Butler ______________________________ Dean of the College _________________ Date 2003 American University Washington, D.C. 20016 THE DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND TESTING OF Y CHROMOSOME SHORT TANDEM REPEAT MEGAPLEXES BY Richard Schoske ABSTRACT A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of the simultaneous amplifying 20 Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) markers has been developed and tested to aid human testing and population studies. These markers include all of the Y-STR markers that make up the “extended haplotype” used in Europe (DYS19, DYS385 a/b, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and YCAII a/b) plus the additional polymorphic Y-STR markers (DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS447, DYS448, DYS388, DYS460, and GATA H4). The Y-STR 20plex is the first to include a simultaneous amplification of all the markers within the European “minimal” and “extended haplotype.” A subset of the Y-STR 20plex primers, the Y-STR 9plex was also developed and tested. The Y-STR 9plex contains only the markers within the European minimal haplotype. Lastly, a Y-STR 11plex was designed and tested. The markers within the Y-STR 11plex are DYS385 a/b, DYS447, DYS448, DYS450, DYS456, DYS458 and DYS 464 a/b/c/d. ii Validation experiments were performed in order to assess the reliability of the haplotypes generated by these newly designed Y-STR multiplexes. -
Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)
CENTER FOR FETAL THERAPY The Johns Hopkins Hospital 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson Building, Suite 228 Baltimore, MD 21287 Phone: 410 502 6561 Email: [email protected] Twin-twin transfusion syndrome Important things to know What is twin-twin transfusion or twin anemia polycythemia syndrome? Twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) complicates up to 15% of identical twins. It is due to unequal sharing of blood volume across blood vessel connections in a monochorionic placenta. Twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) complicates 4% of identical and is due to unequal sharing of blood cells. How do TTTS and TAPS present or harm the babies? In TTTS the donor twin has low blood volume (essentially dehydration) while the recipient has a high blood volume (overhydrated). The dehydrated donor drinks up the amniotic fluid and produces less and less urine. Eventually this leads to a progressive emptying of its amniotic sac until the donor becomes “stuck” wrapped in his own membrane. The recipient twin does the opposite, urinating so much that a massive amount of amniotic fluid is generated distending the amniotic sac and uterus. Eventually TTTS can lead to heart failure or even death in either twin. In other circumstances the massive increase in amniotic fluid can distend the uterus so much that preterm labor and birth of both twins may be triggered. In TAPS donor has thin blood and is anemic, which results in higher than normal blood flow speed. The recipient has thick, slow flowing blood, with a high red cell count (polycythemia). The anemic donor twin is eventually at risk for heart failure and death. -
Polyploidy, Infraspecific Cytotype Variation, and Speciation in Goldenrods: the Cytogeography of Solidago Subsect
TAXON 61 (1) • February 2012: 197–210 Peirson & al. • Cytogeography of Solidago subsect. Humiles Polyploidy, infraspecific cytotype variation, and speciation in Goldenrods: The cytogeography of Solidago subsect. Humiles (Asteraceae) in North America Jess A. Peirson,1,2 Anton A. Reznicek2 & John C. Semple3 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, U.S.A. 2 The University of Michigan Herbarium, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2228, U.S.A. 3 Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada Author for correspondence: Jess A. Peirson, [email protected] Abstract Polyploidy is an important evolutionary mechanism in plants, and in some genera (e.g., Solidago in Asteraceae) it is particularly widespread and is hypothesized to have played a major role in diversification. Goldenrods are notorious for their ploidy variation, with roughly 14% and 32% of recognized North American species being polyploid or including multiple cytotypes, respectively. We used traditional chromosome counts and flow cytometry to examine cytogeographic patterns, biogeographic and evolutionary hypotheses, and species boundaries in S. subsect. Humiles. Chromosome numbers and DNA ploidy determinations are reported for 337 individuals, including 148 new reports. Cytotypes show significant geographic struc- turing. Solidago simplex and S. spathulata were uniformly diploid (2n = 18) in western North America, while cytogeographic patterns in eastern North America were regionally complex and included 2n, 4n, and 6n cytotypes. Cytotypes within S. simplex were ecogeographically segregated and mixed-ploidy populations were rare. Data from this study and additional biosystematic data indicate that cytotypes in S. simplex fulfill the requirements of multiple species concepts and should best be treated as distinct species. -
“But I Want Twins” …But What Are the Risks?
“But I want Twins” …but what are the risks? A large proportion of patients (>40%) undergoing IVF wish for a multiple pregnancy, not just as an acceptable outcome, but as the desired outcome for their pregnancy. However, there are considerable, well known risks to multiple pregnancy - even twin pregnancy - as a recent letter from one of our patients to her physician here at Shady Grove Fertility illustrates: “Sorry we haven’t been in touch sooner, but the girls really threw us a curveball ...The girls were born at just over 25 weeks, weighing in at 900 grams and at 860 grams. Being so premature, there have been a lot of challenges, and one unfortunately developed necrotizing enterocolitis at 32 weeks which required surgery back in May. The other had a “scare” but did not wind up being treated…They’re absolutely lovely and beautiful and really interacting, smiling and cooing, which is a delight after such a difficult journey these past months. They are moving up from the very lowest percentiles on the growth charts for weight and length. We’ve been through more than I can tell you…Having spent the lion’s share of the past 7 months daily in hospital and seeing such an awfully different beginning than I would have chosen for the girls (or us)…I believe it would be beneficial to educate those considering multiple transfers about the risks of preterm labor/premature birth/prematurity (using all of its names and encouraging research)…Thanks so much to all of you at Shady Grove for the help and dedication and please thank our donor for her amazing gift that allowed us to realize our dream.” With its well know risks to mothers and infants, the decision between seeking a twin pregnancy vs. -
Antik Dna Ve Adli Tip Karşilikli Faydalari
Adli Tıp Bü lteni ANTİK DNA VE ADLİ TIP KARŞILIKLI FAYDALARI: SANAL BİR ANTİK DNA ÇALIŞMASI İLE İLGİLİ PRATİK ÖRNEKLEME VE LABORATUVAR KILAVUZU Ancient DNA and Forensics Mutual Benefits: A Practical Sampling and Laboratory Guide Through a Virtual Ancient DNA Study Jan CEMPER-KIESSLICH1,4, Mark R. Mc COY2,4, Fabian KANZ3,4 Cemper-Kiesslich J, Mc Coy MR, Kanz F. Ancient DNA and Forensics Mutual Benefits: A Practical Sampling and Laboratory Guide Through A Virtual Ancient Dna Study. Adli Tıp Bülteni 2014;19(1):1-14. ABSTRACT potentials and limits, fields of application, requirements Genetic information discovered, characterized for and for samples, laboratory setup, reaction design and used in forensic case-works and anthropology has shown equipment as well as a brief outlook on current to be also highly useful and relevant in investigating developments, future perspectives and potential cross human remains from archaeological findings. By links with associated scientific disciplines. technical means, forensic and aDNA (ancient Key words: Human DNA, Ancient DNA, Forensic Deoxyribonucleic acid) analyses are well suited to be DNA typing, Molecular archaeology, Application. done using the same laboratory infrastructures and scientific expertise referring to sampling, sample ÖZET protection, sample processing, contamination control as Adli olgu çalışmalarında ve antropoloji alanında well as requiring analogous technical know how and kullanılmakta olan, keşfedilen genetik bilgilerin knowledge on reading and interpreting DNA encoded arkeolojik kalıntılardan elde edilen insan kalıntılarının information. Forensic genetics has significantly profited incelenmesiyle ilişkili ve son derece faydalı olduğu from aDNA-related developments (and vice versa, of gösterilmiştir. Adli DNA ve aDNA(antik DNA) analizleri course!), especially, when it comes to the identification of teknik anlamda numunenin bilimsel uzmana sunulması, unknown human remains referring to the detection limit. -
Powerplex® Fusion System for Use on the Applied Biosystems® Genetic Analyzers Technical Manual #TMD039
TECHNICAL MANUAL PowerPlex® Fusion System for Use on the Applied Biosystems® Genetic Analyzers Instructions for Use of Products DC2402 and DC2408 Revised 7/20 TMD039 PowerPlex® Fusion System for Use on the Applied Biosystems® Genetic Analyzers All technical literature is available at: www.promega.com/protocols/ Visit the web site to verify that you are using the most current version of this Technical Manual. E-mail Promega Technical Services if you have questions on use of this system: [email protected] 1. Description .........................................................................................................................................2 2. Product Components and Storage Conditions ........................................................................................4 3. Before You Begin .................................................................................................................................5 3.A. Precautions ................................................................................................................................5 3.B. Spectral Calibration ....................................................................................................................6 4. Protocols for DNA Amplification Using the PowerPlex® Fusion System....................................................6 4.A. Amplification of Extracted DNA in a 25µl Reaction Volume ............................................................6 4.B. Direct Amplification of DNA from Storage Card Punches in a 25µl Reaction