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An Examination of the Hydrocarbon-Generating Potential of the Deadwood Formation and Black Island Member, Winnipeg Formation, Saskatchewan

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An Examination of the Hydrocarbon-Generating Potential of the Deadwood Formation and Black Island Member, Winnipeg Formation, Saskatchewan An Examination of the Hydrocarbon-generating Potential of the Deadwood Formation and Black Island Member, Winnipeg Formation, Saskatchewan Chris Seibel and Stephen Bend I Seibel, C. and Bend, S. (2000): An examination of the hydroearbon-gen erat\ng potential of the Deadwood Formation ,and B(ack Island Member, Winnipeg Fonnation, Saskatchewan; in Summary of Jnvest1gat1ons 2000, Volume I, Saskatchewan Geolog1cal Survey, Sask. Energy Mines, Misc. Rep. 2000-4.1. 1. Introduction and Nowlan, 1998; Greggs and Hein, this volume). In the southern Williston Basin area, the Deadwood is The Williston Basin area is a significant petroleum dated as Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician province that contains pooled hydrocarbons exhibiting (Lechman-Balk and Wilson, 1967). a range of characteristics through which their familial relationships have been defined (Williams, 1974; Dow, 1974; Zumberge, 1983; Brooks et al., 1987; Osadetz et al., 1992, 1994; Osadetz and Snowdon, 1995; 2. Objectives and Goals Obermajer et al., 1998). Despite on-going exploration This summary outlines the progress of a study that activity since 1953, few exploration wells have met seeks to identify the hydrocarbon source of the with economic success or have even intercepted Deadwood and Winnipeg oils and condensates within hydrocarbons (i.e. light oils) within the Deadwood and the Williston Basin area and to identi fy their petroleum Winnipeg formations. Little is therefore known about system. the characteristics and source (or sources) of oils in these rocks, or of the petroleum system to which they may belong (Bend et al., unpubl. data). 3. Methodology In I 978, the Shell Oil 23X-9 Larson (Newporte field, The initial phase of this work focuses on the spatial and 1 Renville County, North Dakota) yielded 37 m of oil temporal distribution of facies and the potential source during a drills~em test. Eagle Operatinj re-completed rocks. Cross-sections were constructed that trend the well in 1996 and produced 9540 m during the first northerly, northwesterly, and easterly (Figure 1). Thus six months of production from a basal sandstone in the section A-A' originates at the EM Larson 9-11 "R" Deadwood Formation (Hendricks et al. , 1998). Later well (Newporte field, North Dakota) and the other Newporte wells also produced significant amounts of sections are linked to it. The Deadwood and Winnipeg oil from the same sandstone. More recently, the cores from wells on cross-sections A-A' and B-8' Berkley et al. Midale 8-16-6-11 W2 well in (Figures 1, 2, and 3) have been logged, correlated, and southeastern Saskatchewan initially tested at I 050 b/d analyzed by light microscopy augmented by LECO of clean 55° gravity oil at 1150 psi tubing pressure total organic carbon analysis, RockEval pyrolysis, and from the Ordovician Winnipeg sand (Oil and Gas gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). Journal, February 8, 1999). Wells which produce from the Winnipeg sand (Black Island Member) include the Berkley et al. M idale 8-16-6-I I W2 (> 15 000 m 3 cum. prod.), Berkley et al. Midale 16A-20-6-l I W2 4. Lithological Characteri stics (> 1700 m3 cum. prod.), and Berkley et al. Hartaven 7- 2-10-9W2 {>28 000 m1 cum. prod.) (Kreis, pers. a) Deadwood Formation comm., 2000). This production hints at the existence of A generalized lithologic description of the Deadwood another significant petroleum system withi n the has been derived from core from the EM Larson 9-1 I Williston Basin area. " R" (Figure 4) and Founders et al. Hartaven 12-1- l 0- 9W2 wells. The stratigraphy of the Deadwood in southern Saskatchewan is poorly understood. Fossil evidence in The basal sandstone unit of the Deadwood Formation the lower portion of the Deadwood is meagre, and grades from a poorly sorted, fine- to very coarse­ markers like the 'Pika', which assist in well-to-well grained immature sandstone upward in to a well sorted, correlations in parts of Alberta, appear to be generally well rounded, coarse-grained quartzose sandstone absent east of the Swift Current Platform. These factors (Figure 4a). It is overlain by a bioturbated. glauconitic make correlation between lower Deadwood strata in unit composed of sil tstones and sandstones with traces Saskatchewan and Middle and Upper Cambrian rocks of carbonate and thin, dark grey shale (Figure 4b) in western Alberta difficult (SIind et al., 1994; Hein generally devoid of organic matter (Figure 4b-i). The I Department of Geology, University of Regina. Regina. SK S4S 01\2. /4 Summary of lnvesligations 2000, I 'o/ume I thick, dark grey shale (Hendricks et al., 1998) that has fine laminae HEWAN of amorphous organic matter and alginite (Figures 4d, 4d-i, and 4d­ ii), and an overlying bioturbated -'\ sandstone. Preliminary \ interpretation suggests that the basal shale, which has not been ~ 2-5-61-24W2 \ ~ ''9, \ reported by other workers (e.g. ~ '\. \ Lochman-Balk and Wilson, 1967; .-5-10-~ W3 · A' Vigrass, 1971; Carlson and [;) '·, ( "' -¢- 8-21- Thompson, 1987; Ellingson and Lefever, 1995), becomes J increasingly silty and bioturbated I northward and may be correlative J with Unit 5 in the 12-1-10-9W2 I and 3-8- I 7-l 9W2 wells (Figure I 2). The overlying sandstone is \ / \ correlative with Unit 6 in 12-I- '-/ J I 0-9W2 (Figure 2). I The Icebox Member comprises \ bioturbated, brown silty shale and S SASK. R. ' a finely laminated, brown to dark 1-31-18-28W3 grey pyritic shale. ..:,. ____ --- 0-17-14W3 '·~IN A* ·- -..:,. ---MOOSE J W '~ 9 2 SWIFT~RE-~T---. : ~~;.~;~; ~-l w f-. 2 1 5. Influence of ·--- -~ 12-1 -I0-9W Precambrian Relief 9-32 6 22W3 WEY~URN-¢- "- -·- 2-7-5-8W3 The thickness of the Deadwood - -·- .. .:, changes along cross-sections A­ tf-·-. - --. 6-13-2-19w2ESTEVA -·- ?- -·-·- ---· A' and B-B' (Figures 1, 2, and 3). Beds are, however, locally NE/SW 9-11-163N-87W correlatable. The Deadwood thins DEADWOOD EROSIONAL LIMIT towards its northern and eastern COMPLETED CROSS-SECTIONS erosional limits, and the colour of the shale, siltstone and sandstone PROJECTED CROSS-SECTIONS units changes to purple and red figure I - Mal? of.the current study area showing cross-section locations. Cored possibly a weathering feature. ' mtervals of Wmmpeg and/or Deadwood strata are available in all wells selected. Along cross-section B-B', lower strata are not amenable to uppermost unit is a fissile, waxy, dark grey-green shale . correlation, possibly because of with a trace of pyrite (Figure 4c). complex fac1es changes that occurred as topographic lows on the Precambrian basement were infilled. For example, at Hartaven and around Swift Current the b) Winnipeg Formation basal sandstone unit present at EM Larson 9-11' "R" is The Winnipeg Formation is typically divided into the absent. Higher in the Deadwood succession Black Island (0) and Icebox (Y) members. Along lithological units appear to be increasingly ~orrelatable, transect A-A', the thickest section of the Black Island prob~~ly because more uniform depositional Mem her is present in the 12-1-10-9W2 well where it cond1t1ons prevailed toward the end of Deadwood co~pris~s six _units (in ascending stratigraphic order): deposition. · Urn_t _l-s_ilty b1oturbat~d sandstone; Unit 2-bioturbated, pynt1c s1!ty shale; Urnt 3-sandstone with pyrite (as Along the eastern margin of the basin Deadwood and blebs or mte:·granular) and poor porosity; Unit 4- Winnipeg strata were deposited onto ~nd around sandstone with good porosity; Unit 5-silty bioturbated Preca~brian monadnocks, which thus appear to have shale; and Unit 6-bioturbated sandstone. exercised a degree of control on the lithofacies (Kreis, pers. comm., !999, 2000a, and 2000b) and, perhaps, on The sequence in the University of Regina 3-8-l 7- the organofactes. Anomalous lithologies such as the l 9W2 well is similar to that in 12-1-10-9W2 with the Winnipeg basal shale at EM Larson 9-11 "R", may exception that Unit 6 is absent (Figure 2). reflect sites of restricted circulation. At the EM Larson 9- l 1 "R" well in the Newporte field the Black Island Mem her is composed of a basal 8 m ' Saskatchewan Geologlcal Survey 15 s EM Larson 9-11 "R" Founders et al. Hartaven UofRWell N NE/SW 9-11-163N-B7W 12-1-10-9W2 3-6-17-1 9W2 ..,. 135 km .,. '4142km .,. KB : 1811 .0ft KB =629.7m KB= 581.0m A -<?- -<?- -<?- A* RED RIVER . , ., . RED RIVER CORED INTERVALS UNCONFORMITY Figure 2 - Stratigraphic cross-section A-A* (southern portion ofA-A'; Figure 1) showing gamma-ray and density log traces and location ofcored intervals. The datum is the top ofth e Deadwood Formation. Wherever KB is given in feet, the corresponding tlepths are in feet. Winnipeg and Deadwood core in the Kelsey Lake 8-21-53-1 7W2 well at the northern end of A-A ' has also been logged and analyzed 6. Geochemical Characteristics oils. The Deadwood Formation oil and extract are associated with an 0alkane distribution up to C15, a low a) Source Potential pristane to phytane ratio (0.45), a m/z 191 ion chromatogram dominated by the C,0 al3 hopane, a low Throughout the Deadwood Fonnation, core samples Tsffm ratio, and very low tricyclic and tetracyclic along sections A-A' and B-B', contain only sporadic compounds and no C diasteranes (Figure 5a). algal material (Figure 4b-i). Petrology and 2 1 TOC/RockEval data from examined samples indicate An organic-rich sample of the Winnipeg basal shale that the Deadwood Fonnation is non-prospective from the EM Larson 9-11 " R" was extracted and (Figure 4). TOC values along section A-A' attain a analyzed by gc-ms (Figure 5b).
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