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Oceanography HMSC GC 856 .0735 no. 74-4A of cop.2 OCEANOGRAPHY PROGRESS REPORT Ecological Studies in Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean Norman H. Cutshall Principal Investigator Complied and ediled by Kayla J. McMechsn U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)-2227, Task Agreement 12 OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY RLO-2227-T1243 Reference 74-4 1 July 1972 through 31 March 1974 MARILYN"TT' G1 11t9RARY ii.:NCE CENTER RE( QN SikiU i' ,. ?S TY NEWPORT,Q GO 97365 117LI11 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFIC OCEAN (USAEC Contract AT(45-1)-2227, Task Agreement12) PROGRESS REPORT 1 July 1972 through 31 March 1974 RLO-2227-T12-43 Compiled and Edited by Karla J. McMechan Submitted to Division of Environmental and Biomedical Research U.S. Atomic Energy Commission By NormanH.Cutshall Principal Investigator Andrew G.Carey,Jr. Robert L. Holton WilliamG.Pearcy William C. Renfro Co-Investigators School of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Reference74-4 John V. Byrne April 1974 Dean MA ILYN PJ1TSGINLIBRARY EtD ° J NE SCIENCECENTER L UNIVERSITY OREG 97365 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A major expense in oceanographic research is "time at sea."Operations on the R/VYAQUINA,R/V CAYUSE, R/VPAIUTE,and R/V SACAJEWEA were funded by severalagencies,with the bulk coming from the National Science Founda- tion and Office of NavalResearch. Certain special cruises of radiochemical or radioecological import were funded by the Atomic Energy Commission, as was much of the equipment for radioanalysis and stable element analysis. We gratefully acknowledge the role of these agencies in support of the research reported in the following pages. We also wish to express our thanks to the numerous students and staff who contributed to the preparation of this progress report. NOTICE The progress report that follows includes research results ranging from unproved ideas to scientific papers published during the tenure of this contract. The end of the contract year finds several facets of our work in various states ofpreparation,therefore the reader is cautioned that all except the published papers are subject to revision. iii PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR NormanH. Cutshall, Ph.D. Research Associate CO-INVESTIGATORS AndrewG. Carey,Jr., Ph.D. Assistant Professor RobertL.Holton, Ph.D. Research Associate James E. McCauley, Ph.D. Associate Professor William G. Pearcy, Ph.D. Professor WilliamC.Renfro, Ph.D. Assistant Professor STAFF NormanD.Farrow, B.S. Instrument Technician I. Lauren Larsen, M.S. Research Associate EarlE.Krygier, M.S. Research Assistant R. Eugene Ruff, B.S. Research Assistant KarlaJ.McMechan, M.A. Research Assistant JeromeW.Wagner, B.A. Research Assistant STUDENTS DavidW.Evans, M.S. Graduate Assistant Priscilla J. Harney, M.S. Graduate Assistant Vernon G. Johnson, M.S. Graduate Assistant HaroldL.Longaker, M.S. Graduate Assistant Janakiram R. Naidu, M.S. Graduate Assistant KatsuoA.Nishikawa, B.S. Graduate Assistant WalterH.Pearson, M.S. Graduate Assistant BruceE.Rieman, B.S. Graduate Assistant HenryA.Vanderploeg, Ph.D. Graduate Assistant V TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..... ....................... 1 STUDENT PARTICIPATION ....................... 15 ABSTRACTS OF THESES ......... ....... ..... .. 19 The Dynamics of Zinc-65 in Benthic Fishesand Their Prey Off Oregon--Vanderploeg...................... 19 Effects of Ocean Water on the Soluble-Suspended Distributionof Columbia River Radionuclides--Evans .. 21 Loss of Zinc-65 and Manganese-54 From the Fresh Water Mollusc Anodonta--Harney . ....... ..... .... .. .. 22 Growth Response of a Marine Phytoplankton Cbccolithus huxleyi, to Various Chemical Forms of Cobalt--Longaker . 23 MEETINGS ATTENDED . ... .... ...... .. ........ 25 PAPERS PRESENTED.. .... .......... .. ....... 27 RESEARCH IN PROGRESS....... .. ........ ... .... 35 Post-Shutdown Radionuclide Transport Study--Johnsonand Cutshall 35 Effects of Seawater on MetalChemistry--Cutshall,Evans, Wagner and Farrow .......................... 37 Cycling and Decline of Radioactivity in Columbia RiverEstuary and in Alder Slough Biota--Renfro and Farrow . 38 Variations of Zinc-65 in Zooplankton Relativeto the Columbia River Plume--Rieman and Pearcy . 39 Changes in the Radioactivity and the Specific Activity of Zinc-65 inEpipelagic,Mesopelagic and Abyssobenthic Animals Off Oregon--Pearcy ................ ...... 39 Carbon-14 Content of Deep-Sea Animals--Pearcy and Stuiver... 40 Spatial Patterns of Zinc-65 Specific Activity in Pelagicand Benthic Food Webs on Oregon's Continental Shelf, July 1970-- Vanderploeg and Pearcy .... ........ .... .... 40 Biology and Systematics of Deep-SeaAnimals Off Oregon-- Stein and Pearcy ............... ...... 41 vi Description and Biology of a New Species of Bentheogennema (Decapoda, Aristaeinae)From the Northeastern Pacific-- Krygier and Wasmer ... ...... ............. 41 Isotope Dilution of Zinc-65 in Oregon Coastal Waters-- Cutshalland Larsen ..................... 42 Zinc-65 and Iron-55 Turnover in Columbia River Fishes-- Cutshalland Jennings .................... 42 Loss of Zinc-65 Specific Activity in Mussles (Mytilus ealifornianus) From the Oregon Coast Following Reactor Shutdown--Larsen and Wagner .. ... ...... 42 Zinc,Radioactive Zinc(65Zn),Cadium and Mercury in the PacificHake,Merluccius productus(Ayres),Off the West Coast of U.S.--Naidu and Cutshall . 43 Large Batch Culture Experiments in Radioisotope Kinetics-- Larsen,Holton and Cutshall . 44 Natural Radionuclide Indicators of DenseMineral Deposits Along the Pacific Northwest Coastline--Scheidt and Cutshall . 44 Benthos:Benthic Ecology and Radioecology--Carey ..... .. 45 RESEARCH COMPLETED ........ .............. 47 Sound-Scattering Layers in the Northeastern Pacific-- Donaldson and Pearcy ..... ............. ... 47 Radioactivity in Juvenile ColumbiaRiverSalmon: A Model to Distinguish Differencesin Movement and FeedingHabits-- Romberg and Renfro.... .. ........... ... 54 SpecificActivityof Iron-55 in Pacific Salmon--Jennings and Osterberg ........ ..... ....... .... 60 Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Reproductive Performance of Artemia as Determined by Individual Pair Matings--Holton, Osterberg and Forster . .. ... 66 Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Maintenance of Population Size in the BrineShrimp,Artemia--Holton, Osterberg and Forster . 73 Zinc-65 and DDT Residues in Albacore Tuna Off Oregon in1969-- Pearcy and Claeys .............. ........ 81 New Records for Four Deep-Sea Shrimps from the Northeastern Pacific-Wasmer. ... ............ ... ..... 89 vii Zinc-65 in Oregon-WashingtonContinental Shelf Sediments-- Cutshall, Renfro, Evans and Johnson . 94 Zinc-65 Specific Activity inMytilus californianusTissues-- Larsen, Renfro and Cutshall . 103 Seasonal Radionuclide Inventories in Alder Slough,an Ecosystem in the Columbia RiverEstuary--Renfro . 108 Rate of Zinc Uptake byDover Sole in the NorthwestPacific VOcean: Preliminary Modeland Anaylsis--Vanderploeg . 117 Losses of 65Zn to InorganicSurfaces in a Marine Algal Nutrient Medium--Tomlinson and Renfro . 126 Food Sources ofSublittoral,Bathyal and Abyssal Asteroidsin the Northwest PacificOcean--Carey ... ........... 131 A Redescription of Petalidium suspiriosum Burkenroad,1937 (Decapoda: Natantia)--Wasmer . .... 144 A Technique for the Estimationof Indices of Refraction of Marine Phytoplankters--Carder, Tomlinson and Beardsley . 157 Growth of a Sea Urchin, Allocentrotus fragilis,off the Oregon Coast--Sumich and McCauley . ... 164 Estimating Precision forthe Method of Standard Additions-- Larsen, Hartmann andWagner .................. 176 First Records ofBathysaurus mollis(Pisces: Bathysauridae) From the Northeast Pacific Ocean--Stein and Butler . 179 Swimbladder Morphologyand Specific Gravity of Myctophids Oregon--Butler and Pearcy off ................... 181 Zinc-65 Specific Activities from Oregon and WashingtonContinental Shelf Sediments and BenthicInvertebrate Fauna--Carey and Cutshall ...... ..................... 189 : Radioecology of Benthic Fishes Off Oregon--Pearcyand Vanderploeg..... .. ................... 208 Effects of Ocean Wateron the Soluble-Suspended Distribution Columbia River Radionuclides--Evans of and Cutshall . .. .... 225 Calcium-Magnesium Ratiosin the Test Plates of AZZocentrotus fragilis--Sumich and McCauley . 241 viii A Systematic Review of the Rattail Fishes (Macrouridae: Gadiformes)from Oregon and Adjacent Waters--Iwamoto and Stein .......... ......... .. ...... 246 Turnover of 65Zn in Oysters--Cutshall . 247 Linear Instrument Calibration with Statistical Application-- Larsen and Wagner ...... ................ 260 Food Habits of Deep-Sea Macrourid Fishes off the Oregon Coast- Pearcy and Ambler. ....... .............. 274 Heavy Metals in Estuaries and the Coastal Zone--Cutshall ... 293 PUBLICATIONS.... .......... .. ............ 299 INTRODUCTION This report presents progress accomplished during the 20-month period from 1 July 1972 through 31 March 1974 as part of the program "Ecological Studies of Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean". This program is a continuing study supported by the Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under ContractAT(45-1)-2227,Task Agreement 12 with Oregon State University. The report format is one which has evolved in recentyears. In this introductory section we attempt to describe the history and goals of the program and to identify the major physical facilities which are dedicated primarily to the program. This presentation
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