Data Visualization with Tableau
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DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU Pie Map with Axis, Heat Map, Donut Pie Chart, Funnel Chart, Radial Bar Chart, Tree Map, Unit Chart, Sankey, Sankey Ranking, Divergent Chart, Bar Map, Waffle, Rings, Radial Stacker Bar, Polygon Map and Bubble Map RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 1 RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI Postdoctoral studies in Humanitarian Action from Groningen University in The Netherlands; Doctor in Education from National University of San Marcos of Peru; Master in Communication and Education from University of Barcelona in Spain; Master in Social Project and Program Management from University Cayetano Heredia of Peru; Bachelor degree in Mathematics Education from National University of San Marcos of Peru. He is a professional with more than 15 years of experience working in different national and international organizations in Peru, Spain, The Netherlands and The United States of America. In his professional experience, he has implemented the use of information systems and data visualization in different programs and projects using different tools, among them Tableau. He implemented the Balanced Scorecard in organizations as an information system for key performance indicators. E-mail: [email protected] Public Profile in Tableau: https://public.tableau.com/profile/raul.choque#!/ DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 2 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU First Edition. Lima, August 2017. © Raúl Choque Larrauri © Ediciones Murrup E.I.R.L. 2017 Calle Loma de Las Magnolias 171, Santiago de Surco, Lima 33, Peru [email protected] Made Legal Deposit in Peru 2017-09876. National Library of Peru All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information and storage retrievals system, without written permission from the copyright owner. DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 3 INDEX I. Presentation……………………………………………………………….. 05 II. History of Data Visualization………………………………………… 06 III. Steps for Data Visualization…………………………………………. 11 IV. Source Data……………………………………………………………….. 12 V. Data Format……………………………………………………………….. 14 VI. Specific Shapes…………………………………………………………… 14 1. Pie Map with Axis………………………………………………….. 15 2. Heat Map……………………………………………………………… 18 3. Donut Pie Chart…………………………………………………….. 20 4. Funnel Chart………………………………………………………….. 23 5. Radial Bar Chart…………………………………………………….. 28 6. Tree Map……………………………………………………………….. 36 7. Unit Chart……………………………………………………………… 40 8. Sankey…………………………………………………………………. 47 9. Sankey Ranking……………………………………………………… 60 10. Divergent Chart………………………………………………………. 65 11. Bar Map………………………………………………………………….. 68 12. Waffle Chart………………………………………………………………… 71 13. Rings………………………………………………………………………. 76 14. Radial Stacked Bar……………………………………………………. 84 15. Polygon Map……………………………………………………………. 100 16. Bubble Map……………………………………………………………… 106 17. Timeline Map…………………………………………………………… 110 VII. References ………………………………………………………………….. 113 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 4 I. PRESENTATION DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU Data visualization is a science, where the objective is to communicate information, using graphics, infographics and shapes about any topic or area. Nowadays, we have a lot of information, especially on the Internet, so it is necessary to systematize and organize the information to share with everyone. Data visualization allows us to know trends, correlations, projection, statistics, etc., using different tools for understanding any aspect or information in different areas or topics According to the report of “Digital 2017” produced by We Are Social and Hootsuite, we currently have 3.77 billion global internet users, equaling 50% of penetration; 2.80 billion global social media users, equaling 37% of penetration and 4.92 billion global mobile users, equaling 66% of penetration. So we are living in an interconnected society where the systematization and organization of the information are very important. In this new era, we need to share information and for this purpose it is necessary to use new tools with the goal of showing information in shapes or infographics. Also, nowadays 500 million Tweets are sent each day; 3.6 billion Facebook messages are posted daily, 40 million Tweets are shared each day and according The Radacati Group 205 billion emails are sent each day. In this new context we need to know how information can be shared using tools and techniques, where readers can understand this information. There are different tools to share information, but there is a special tool called Tableau, which is very easy to use and we can develop skills to use this tool very quickly. The data visualization needs skills, so in this manual you can learn how you can develop a graphic presentation of your information. In this manual we are showing the most specialized kind of shapes for data visualization such as Pie Map with Axis, Heat Map, Donut Pie Chart, Funnel Chart, Radial Bar Chart, Tree Map, Unit Chart, Sankey, Sankey Ranking, Divergent Chart, Bar Map, Waffle, Rings, Radial Stacker Bar, Polygon Map and Bubble Map. For the use of this manual it is necessary to know the basic knowledge of Tableau. This manual was elaborated with specific examples and the aim is that each person understands how to build a shape using Tableau. DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 5 II. HISTORY OF DATA VISUALIZATION In the history of the humanity, there were different authors and specialists that developed different shapes or initiatives in data visualization. In this part we show these authors and shapes that are very important to know. The graphic called “Exports and Imports to and from Denmark & Norway from 1700 to 1780”, was created by William Playfair. This author is considered the father of information design. This author is the inventor of the pie chart, the bar graph, and the line graph. These are statistics graphics that we use every day in all areas. In this graphic the author presents gridlines to mark the years and the number of exports and imports. This is the first area chart in the history. Exports and Imports to and from Denmark & Norway from 1700 to 1780 (William Playfair, 1786). Source: https://www.digitalstudies.org/ojs/index.php/digital_studies/article/viewFile/305/439/2592 This line chart illustrates the total amount (In Pound Sterling) of imports and exports between England and the Dano-Norwegian Kingdom from 1700 to 1780. Each unit on X-axis represents a period of ten years whereas a unit on Y-axis equals £ 10,000. The imports to England are represented by a yellow line and the exports are represented by red line. The shading shows the interaction between two amounts each year – red showing a balance against England and yellow showing a balance against Denmark- Norway. DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 6 LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK In 1854, Dr. John Snow showed a special map of the Cholera Outbreak. He mapped the cases of cholera. The map represented each death as a bar. He also georeferenced every pump location in the map. Map of Cholera Outbreak in London - 1854 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak#/media/File:Snow- cholera-map-1.jpg DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 7 MAP OF NAPOLEON´S DISASTROUS RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812. Author: Charles Minard - 1869 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Minard#/media/File:Minard.png The graphic is notable for its representation in two dimensions of six types of data: the number of Napoleon's troops; distance; temperature; the latitude and longitude; direction of travel; and location relative to specific dates. The numbers of men present are represented by the widths of the coloured zones at a rate of one millimetre per ten thousand men; these are also written beside the zones. Orange designates men moving into Russia, black those on retreat. This is a Sankey graphic. DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 8 HEAT MAP The heat maps are tables or spreadsheets that have colors instead of numbers. The color of each cell or rectangle corresponds to the magnitude of the cell amount. Toussaint Loua in his statistical atlas of the population of Paris in 1873 used a shaded matrix to display and summarize the characteristics of 20 districts in Paris. The characteristics that were shown are national origin, professions, social classes, age, etc. using a color scale ranging from white (low) through yellow and blue to red (high). General Graphic of Statistical Atlas of the Population of Paris - 1873 Source: http://www.sci.utah.edu/~kpotter/Library/Papers/wilkinson:2009:HCHM/wilkinson_2009_HCHM _01.png DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 9 PIE MAP Charles Minard, Paris 1858. The map was developed using pie charts to represent the cattle sent from all around France for consumption in Paris. Cattle sent to Paris - 1858 Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/112027109452289534 DATA VISUALIZATION WITH TABLEAU RAUL CHOQUE LARRAURI 10 NEW ERA Nobel Prizes and Laureates 1901 – 2012 Source: Lupi, Giogia. 2012. "Nobel prizes and laureates 1901-2012." Flickr. Accessed June 23, 2017. https://www.flickr.com/photos/accurat/8249052633/in/set-72157632185046466 III. STEPS FOR DATA VISUALIZATION There are five main steps that we should know and apply in the elaboration of data analysis: