DOCSLIB.ORG

The Political Culture of Democracy in Peru: 2006

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Political Culture of Democracy in Peru: 2006 ………… …………… …………………… ……………… ……………………… ………………… … …………………………… … TTTHHHEEE PPPOOOLLLIIITTTIIICCCAAALLL CCCUUULLLTTTUUURRREEE OOOFFF DDDEEEMMMOOOCCCRRRAAACCCYYY IIINNN PPPEEERRRUUU::: 222000000666 ………… …………… …………………… ……………… ……………………… ………………… … …………………………… … By: Julio F. Carrión, University of Delaware Patricia Zárate, Institute for Peruvian Studies (Instituto de Estudios Peruanos) Mitchell A. Seligson, Ph.D. Scientific Coordinator and series editor, Vanderbilt University ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … This study has been carried out with sponsorship granted by the Democracy and Governability Program of the United States Agency for International Development. Opinions expressed in this study correspond to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the points of view of the United States Agency for International Development. Cultura política de la democracia en Perú: 2006 Table of contents List of figures iv List of tables vii Preface viii Prologue x Executive Summary xvii 1 Context: Peru in the New Century 1 1.1 Peru in the Andean Context 1 1.2 Economic Context 4 1.3 Political Context: Election Normalcy and Political Polarization 8 1.4 Public Opinion Studies in Peru 10 2 Sample Framework: A National Survey 17 2.1 The Sample 18 2.1.1 Stratification ..............................................................................................................................18 2.1.2 Selection Stages.........................................................................................................................20 2.1.3 Calculating the Margin of Error ................................................................................................21 2.2 Sample Description 23 3 The Concept of Democracy in Peruvian Public Opinion 29 3.1 Traditional Conceptions: freedom, equality, participation and protection 30 3.2 Alternative Conceptions Based on Rationality-of-Belief 39 3.3 Appendix. Results of Regression Analyses 45 4 Attitudinal Base for a Stable Democracy 49 4.1 Support for the Political System 49 4.2 Political Tolerance 60 4.3 Attitudinal Bases for a Stable Democracy 68 4.4 Appendix. Additional Graphs and Regression Analyses 74 4.4.1 Comparative Graphs: Support for the Political System.............................................................74 4.4.2 Comparative Political Tolerance Graphs...................................................................................77 4.4.3 Regression Analysis: Support for the System and Political Tolerance .....................................79 5 Citizen Trust in Political Institutions 87 Appendix. Additional Graphs and the Results of the Regression Analyses 98 5.1.1 Additional Political Trust Graphs..............................................................................................98 5.1.2 Regression Model Results .......................................................................................................100 6 The Impact of Corruption 103 6.1 Perception of Corruption 105 6.2 Victimization by Corruption 110 6.3 Victimization by Corruption and Political Attitudes 113 7 Citizen Security and Democracy 117 7.1 The challenge of crime 117 7.2 Perceptions of Personal Insecurity 124 7.3 Citizen Security and Democracy 127 7.3.1 Citizen Security and the Rule of Law......................................................................................127 7.3.2 Citizen Security and Democracy .............................................................................................129 8 Democracy at the Local Level: Public Opinion of Municipal Government 133 8.1 Satisfaction with Local Government 135 8.2 Trust in Local Government 139 ii Cultura política de la democracia en Perú: 2006 8.3 Citizen Participation in Local Government 140 8.4 Decentralization: more or less of it? 145 8.5 Appendix. Additional Graphs and Regression Analyses 147 8.5.1 Additional Graphs ...................................................................................................................147 8.5.2 Results of the Regressions.......................................................................................................149 9 Political Preferences and Electoral Behavior 152 9.1 Ideology and Party Preferences 152 9.2 Party Identification 155 9.3 Electoral Behavior 157 9.4 Appendix. Results of the Regression Analysis 165 10 Social Participation 169 10.1 Community Participation 170 10.2 Participation in Social Organizations 173 10.3 Participation in Public Demonstrations 176 10.4 Appendix. Results of the Regression Analysis and Legislation on Citizen Participation 180 10.4.1 Results of Regression Analyses......................................................................................180 10.4.2 Legislation on Citizen Participation................................................................................183 Anexo I: Cuestionario utilizado 187 Anexo II: Efectos del Diseño 215 iii Cultura política de la democracia en Perú: 2006 List of figures Figure 1.1 Human Development Index for the Andean Countries and Latin America, 2003 .............2 Figure 1.2 Evolution of the Human Development Index in Andean Countries, 1975-2003 .................3 Figure 1.3 GNP Annual Percentage Variation, 2000-2006......................................................................4 Figure 1.4 Andean Countries and Latin America: GNP Annual Percentage Variation, 2005 ............5 Figure 1.5. Growth Indices for GNP, Employment and Income, January 2005-July 2006..................6 Figure 1.6 Peru: Evaluation of the Individual’s Economic Situation, 2006...........................................7 Figure 1.7. Peru: Evaluation of the Country’s Economic Situation, 2006.............................................8 Figure 2.1 Peru: Sample Distribution per Age Group, 2006.................................................................23 Figure 2.2 Peru: Sample Distribution per Completed Years of Education, 2006 ...............................24 Figure 2.3 Peru Sample Distribution per Region...................................................................................25 Figure 2.4 Peru: Sample Distribution for Average levels of Possession of Material Goods per Region ....................................................................................................................................................................26 Figure 2.5 Peru: Average Number of Persons Whose Parents Speak a Native Language per Region ....................................................................................................................................................................27 Figure 3.1 Latin America: Governmental Regime Preferences, 2006..................................................31 Figure 3.2 Peru: Traditional Conceptions of Democracy and Political Regime Preferences, 2006...34 Figure 3.3 Peru: Traditional Conceptions of Democracy According to Gender, 2006.......................36 Figure 3.4 Peru: Traditional Definitions of Democracy by Level of Education, 2006........................37 Figure 3.5 Peru: Traditional Definitions of Democracy in the Southern High-Plain and in Other Regions, 2006.............................................................................................................................................37 Figure 3.6 Peru: Traditional Definitions of Democracy per “Subjective” Income, 2006...................38 Figure 3.7 Peru: Traditional Definitions of Democracy and Political Regime Preferences, 2006.....40 Figure 3.8 Latin America: Alternative Conceptions of Democracy .....................................................40 Figure 3.9 Peru: Alternative Conceptions of Democracy per Educational Level, 2006. ....................43 Figure 3.10 Peru: Alternative Definitions of Democracy per Place of Origin, 2006...........................44 Figure 3.1 Peru: Alternative Definitions of Democracy per Area of Residence, 2006........................44 Figure 4.1 Latin America: Average Levels of Support for the Political System, 2006 .......................51 Figure 4.2 Peru: Support for the System per Parental Language, 2006..............................................57 Figure 4.3 Peru: Support for the System per Place of Residence, 2006...............................................57 Figure 4.4 Peru: Support for the System per Degree of Approval of President, 2006........................58 Figure 4.5 Peru: Support for the System per Degree of Satisfaction with life, 2006 ..........................58 Figure 4.6 Peru: Support for the System per Level of Victimization of Corruption, 2006................59 Figure 4.7 Peru: Support for the System per Ideology, 2006................................................................59 Figure 4.8 Peru: Support for the System per Level of Satisfaction with the Local Government, 2006 ....................................................................................................................................................................60 Figure 4.9 Latin America: Average Level of Political Tolerance, 2006 ...............................................62 Figure 4.10 Peru: Average levels of Political Tolerance per Region (Southern High-Plain vs. other regions), 2006.............................................................................................................................................64 Figure 4.11 Peru: Average levels of Political Tolerance per Interest in Politics, 2006 .......................65 Figure 4.12 Peru: Averages of Tolerance per Condition of Victim by Crime,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United Nati Ons Limited
    UNITED NATI ONS LIMITED ECONOMIC vcn.«A.29 MujrT^H« June 1967 ENGLISH SOCIA*tY1fHlinH|tfmtltlHHimmilllHmtm*llttlfHIHlHimHmittMlllHlnmHmiHhtmumL COUNCIL n ^^ «mawi, «wo» ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA Santiago, Chile THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PERU prepared by the Government of Peru and submitted by the secretariat of the Economic Commission for Latin America Note: This document has been distributed in Spanish for the United Nations International Symposium on Industrial Development, Athens, 29 Novetnberwl9 December 1967, as document ID/CONF,l/R.B.P./3/Add. 13. EXPLANATORY NOTE Resolution 250 (XI) of 14 May 1965, adopted by the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) at its eleventh session, requested the Latin American Governments "to prepare national studies on the present status of their respective industrialization processes for presentation at the regional symposium". With a view to facilitating the task of the officials responsible for the national studies, the ECLA secretariat prepared a guide which was also intended to ensure a certain amount of uniformity in the presentation of the studies with due regard for the specific conditions obtaining in each country. Studies of the industrial development of fourteen countries were submitted to the Latin American Symposium on Industrial Development, held in Santiago, Chile, from 14 to 25 March 1966, under the joint sponsorship of ECLA and the Centre for Industrial Development, and the Symposium requested ECLA to ask the Latin American Governments "to revise, complete and bring up to date the papers presented to the Symposium". The work of editing, revising and expanding the national monographs was completed by the end of 1966 and furthermore, two new studies were prepared.
    [Show full text]
  • New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
    NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Democracy? Exploring Peru's Efforts to Engage Civil
    Participatory Democracy? Exploring Peru’s Efforts to Engage Civil Society in Local Governance Stephanie McNulty ABSTRACT As institutions are created to engage citizens and civil society organizations more directly, who participates, and what effect does participation have? This article explores two of Peru’s participatory institutions, the Regional Coordination Councils and the participatory budgets, created in 2002. Specifically it asks, once these institutions are set up, do organizations participate in them? and what effect does this participation have on the organizations? The data show that the participatory processes in Peru are including new voices in decisionmaking, but this inclusion has limits. Limited inclu- sion has, in turn, led to limited changes specifically in nongovernmental organizations. As a result, the democratizing potential of the participatory institutions is evident yet not fully realized. s institutions are created around Latin America to engage citizens and civil soci- Aety organizations directly, who participates? What effect does this participation have? Increasingly, local, regional, and national governments around Latin America are designing new institutions that allow citizens and civil society organizations (CSOs) to participate directly in policy decisionmaking with voice and vote. Partic- ipatory institutions (or PIs), such as development councils, participatory perform- ance monitoring, and participatory budgets, have been implemented around the region in countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru.1 Often, these institutions are created to complement existing representative democratic institu- tions that are failing to meet the needs and demands of citizens. Reformers hope to increase transparency and accountability, as well as to encourage a more active and engaged civil society.
    [Show full text]
  • POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS of ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES in PERU Preventing Illegal Gold Mining, Timber and Wildlife Trafficking in Loreto, Ucayali, and Madre De Dios
    POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES IN PERU Preventing Illegal Gold Mining, Timber and Wildlife Trafficking in Loreto, Ucayali, and Madre de Dios This publication was produced by the PREVENT Activity (formerly Combatting Environmental Crimes) under Task Order No. 72052719F00002 at the request of the United States Agency for International Development. This document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the U.S. Government. USAID PERU - PREVENT ACTIVITY APPLIED POLITICAL ECONOMY ASSESSMENT Program Title: Prevent USAID Office: USAID/Peru Environment & Sustainable Growth Office Task Order Number: 7205271900002 Contractor: DAI Global, LLC Submitted: September 15, 2020 Authors: Thomas Moore and Claudia D’Andrea Chief of Party: Patrick Wieland CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 6 PURPOSE OF APEA ON ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES 6 METHODOLOGY 7 STAKEHOLDERS 7 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 9 GENDER EQUITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION 10 USAID’S APEA FRAMEWORK 13 DETAILED FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 14 FOUNDATIONAL FACTORS 14 RULES OF THE GAME 23 THE HERE AND NOW 37 DYNAMICS 46 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 49 SUMMARY OF KEY PEA FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 51 TABLE OF KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52 CONCLUSIONS 55 ACRONYMS ACCA Amazon Basin Conservation Association AIDESEP Inter-ethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Amazon APEA Applied Political Economy Assessment
    [Show full text]
  • (2019)De La Edición
    RELACIÓN FINAL DE MUNICIPALIDADES CON INSCRIPCIÓN APROBADA AL PRIMER PERIODO (2019) DE LA EDICIÓN BICENTENARIO DEL PREMIO NACIONAL SELLO MUNICIPAL N° UBIGEO REGION PROVINCIA DISTRITO GRUPO 1 010101 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS CHACHAPOYAS 2 2 010102 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS ASUNCION 2 3 010103 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS BALSAS 2 4 010107 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS GRANADA 2 5 010108 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS HUANCAS 2 6 010109 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS LA JALCA 1 7 010113 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS MARISCAL CASTILLA 2 8 010121 AMAZONAS CHACHAPOYAS SONCHE 1 9 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA BAGUA 2 10 010202 AMAZONAS BAGUA ARAMANGO 2 11 010204 AMAZONAS BAGUA EL PARCO 2 12 010206 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 1 13 010301 AMAZONAS BONGARA JUMBILLA 2 14 010303 AMAZONAS BONGARA CHURUJA 2 15 010304 AMAZONAS BONGARA COROSHA 1 16 010306 AMAZONAS BONGARA FLORIDA 2 17 010307 AMAZONAS BONGARA JAZAN 2 18 010308 AMAZONAS BONGARA RECTA 2 19 010310 AMAZONAS BONGARA SHIPASBAMBA 2 20 010311 AMAZONAS BONGARA VALERA 2 21 010312 AMAZONAS BONGARA YAMBRASBAMBA 2 22 010401 AMAZONAS CONDORCANQUI NIEVA 1 23 010402 AMAZONAS CONDORCANQUI EL CENEPA 1 24 010403 AMAZONAS CONDORCANQUI RIO SANTIAGO 1 25 010501 AMAZONAS LUYA LAMUD 2 26 010504 AMAZONAS LUYA COLCAMAR 1 27 010508 AMAZONAS LUYA LONYA CHICO 1 28 010509 AMAZONAS LUYA LUYA 2 29 010510 AMAZONAS LUYA LUYA VIEJO 1 30 010513 AMAZONAS LUYA OCUMAL 2 31 010514 AMAZONAS LUYA PISUQUIA 1 32 010515 AMAZONAS LUYA PROVIDENCIA 1 33 010516 AMAZONAS LUYA SAN CRISTOBAL 1 34 010518 AMAZONAS LUYA SAN JERONIMO 1 35 010521 AMAZONAS LUYA SANTO TOMAS 1 36 010523 AMAZONAS LUYA TRITA 2 37
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural and Mining Labor Interactions in Peru: a Long-Run Perspective
    Agricultural and Mining Labor Interactions in Peru: ALong-RunPerspective(1571-1812) Apsara Iyer1 April 4, 2016 1Submitted for consideration of B.A. Economics and Mathematics, Yale College Class of 2016. Advisor: Christopher Udry Abstract This essay evaluates the context and persistence of extractive colonial policies in Peru on contemporary development indicators and political attitudes. Using the 1571 Toledan Reforms—which implemented a system of draft labor and reg- ularized tribute collection—as a point of departure, I build a unique dataset of annual tribute records for 160 districts in the Cuzco, Huamanga, Huancavelica, and Castrovirreyna regions of Peru over the years of 1571 to 1812. Pairing this source with detailed historic micro data on population, wages, and regional agri- cultural prices, I develop a historic model for the annual province-level output. The model’s key parameters determine the output elasticities of labor and capital and pre-tribute production. This approach allows for an conceptual understand- ing of the interaction between mita assignment and production factors over time. Ithenevaluatecontemporaryoutcomesofagriculturalproductionandpolitical participation in the same Peruvian provinces, based on whether or not a province was assigned to the mita. I find that assigning districts to the mita lowers the average amount of land cultivated, per capita earnings, and trust in municipal government Introduction For nearly 250 years, the Peruvian economy was governed by a rigid system of state tribute collection and forced labor. Though the interaction between historical ex- traction and economic development has been studied in a variety of post-colonial contexts, Peru’s case is unique due to the distinct administration of these tribute and labor laws.
    [Show full text]
  • Locales De Votación Al 17-01-2020
    LOCALES DE VOTACIÓN AL VIERNES 17 DE ENERO DE 2020 Llámanos gratis al 0800-79-100 Todos los días de 06:00 hasta 22:00 horas Presiona CONTROL + F para buscar tu local. N° ODPE NOMBRE ODPE SEDE DE ODPE UBIGEO DEPARTAMENTO PROVINCIA DISTRITO ID LOCAL NOMBRE DEL LOCAL DIRECCIÓN DEL LOCAL MESAS ELECTORES CCPP TIPO TECNOLOGÍA VRAEM 1 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 0025 IE 16281 AV. BAGUA SN 1 104 ESPITAL CON 2 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 0026 IE 16277 JR. PROGRESO SN 1 147SAN ISIDRO CON 3 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 0027 IE 31 NUESTRA SEÑORA DE GUADALUPE - FE Y ALEGRIA JR. MARAÑÓN SN 15 4243 CON 4 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 0028 IE 16275 AV. SAN FELIPE N° 486 8 2237 CON 5 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 0029 IE 16279 AV. LA FLORIDA SN 2 312ARRAYAN CON 6 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 0030 IE 16283 AV. CORONEL BENITES SN 1 184 CHONZA ALTA CON 7 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010201 AMAZONAS BAGUA LA PECA 5961 IE 16288 AV. ATAHUALPA SN 2 292SAN FRANCISCO CON 8 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010202 AMAZONAS BAGUA ARAMANGO 0032 IE MIGUEL MONTEZA TAFUR AV. 28 DE JULIO SN 8 2402 SEA 9 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010202 AMAZONAS BAGUA ARAMANGO 0033 IE 16201 AV. 28 DE JULIO SN 18 5990 SEA 10 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010203 AMAZONAS BAGUA COPALLIN 0034 IE 16239 JR. RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA N° 651 15 4142 CON 11 1 BAGUA BAGUA 010204 AMAZONAS BAGUA EL PARCO 0035 IE 16273 JR.
    [Show full text]
  • CBD First National Report
    BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN PERU __________________________________________________________ LIMA-PERU NATIONAL REPORT December 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................ 6 1 PROPOSED PROGRESS REPORT MATRIX............................................... 20 I INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 29 II BACKGROUND.......................................................................................... 31 a Status and trends of knowledge, conservation and use of biodiversity. ..................................................................................................... 31 b. Direct (proximal) and indirect (ultimate) threats to biodiversity and its management ......................................................................................... 36 c. The value of diversity in terms of conservation and sustainable use.................................................................................................................... 47 d. Legal & political framework for the conservation and use of biodiversity ...................................................................................................... 51 e. Institutional responsibilities and capacities................................................. 58 III NATIONAL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ON THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY.............................................................................................. 77
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic and Cultural Geography of Contemporary Peru
    TEXAS PAPER ON LATIN AMERICA Pre-publication working papers of the Institute of Latin American Studies University of Texas at Austin ISSN 0392-3507 Linguistic and Cultural Geography of Contemporary Peru Gregory Knapp Department of Geography Paper No. 87-13 http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/etext/llilas/tpla/8713.pdf Gregory Knapp Linguistic and Cultural Geography of Contemporary Peru Linguistic and Cultural Geograpby of Contemporary Peru Gregory Knapp In view of the recent upsurge of interest in Peruvian regions and regional development (CDI- CEDESA 1984; González de Olarte 1985), it is surprising that none of these discussions of regional- ization adequately takes into account language or culture. In many countries, regional divisions have been primarily based on cultural or linguistic pattems, and the greatest challenge has been 10 achieve balanced development for all ethnic groups. The available etbnic maps for Peru are based on language. They show spheres of influence for various languages (pesce 1969) but lack a quantitative basis and do not indicate the numerically pre- ponderant languages and cultures. They also do not distinguish between cultural groups that are not indigenous language speakers. This report, by using quantitative data of language and ethnicity as found in various censuses, will attempt to map the cultural regions of Peru. Language as a Cultural Indicator There are three advantages to using language as a point of departure in mapping and defining culture regions: (1) language is strongly implicated in the transmission of culture and is thus linked to many nonlinguistic cultural traits, such as folklore, religion, and music; (2) language frontiers between groups impede cultural transmission and many times coincide with other cultural boundaries, including agricultural and housing traits; (3) language is a cultural trait that is relatively stable and easy 10 determine through census information.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildpotato Collecting Expedition in Southern Peru
    A Arner J of Potato Res (1999) 76:103-119 103 Wild Potato Collecting Expedition in Southern Peru (Departments of Apurimac, Arequipa, Cusco, Moquegua Puno, Tacna) in 1998: Taxonomy and New Genetic Resources David M. Spooner*\ Alberto Salas L6pez2,Z6simo Huaman2, and Robert J. Hijmans2 'United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706-1590. Tel: 608-262-0159; FAX: 608-262-4743; email: [email protected]) 'International Potato Center (CIP), Apartado 1558, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Peruhas 103 taxa of wild potatoes (species, sub- Wild and cultivated tuber-bearing potatoes (Solanum species, varieties, and forms) according to Hawkes sect. Petota) are distributed from the southwestern United (1990; modified by us by a reduction of species in the States to south-central Chile. The latest comprehensive tax- Solanum brevicaule complex) and including taxa onomic treatment of potatoes (Hawkes, 1990) recogllized 216 described by C. Ochoa since 1989. Sixty-nine of these tuber-bearing species, with 101 taxa (here to include species, 103 taxa (67%) were unavailable from any ofthe world's subspecies, varieties and forms) from Peru. Ochoa (1989, genebanks and 85 of them (83%) had less than three 1992b, 1994a,b) described ten additional Peruvian taxa rais- germplasm accessions. We conducted a collaborative ing the total to 111. We lower this number to 103 with a mod- Peru(INIA), United States (NRSP-6), and International ification of species in the Solanum brevicaule complex. Potato Center (CIP) wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) Sixty-nine of these 103 species (67%) were unavailable from collecting expedition in Peru to collect germplasm and any ofthe world's genebanks and 85 of them (83%) had less gather taxonomic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Pro Mujer Supporting Document 1.Pdf
    PROMISING APPROACHES IN MF/MED SERVICES FOR THE VERY POOR CASE STUDY FORMAT INDEX Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 1 1. Context ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Local context – objective area ................................................................................ 2 2. Organizational Framework ........................................................................................... 25 2.1. International Organization ..................................................................................... 25 2.2. Local Organization ................................................................................................. 27 3.2. Socioeconomic conditions ..................................................................................... 40 3. Description of the target group of “very poor” ............................................................. 40 3.2. Socio Economic Conditions ................................................................................... 41 4. Making Poverty and How to Evaluate it the target ....................................................... 44 4.1. Practices to measure poverty ................................................................................. 44 4.2. Available data about poverty ................................................................................. 47 4.3. Making Poverty The
    [Show full text]
  • Appeal Perú Perú Earthquake
    150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Tel: 41 22 791 6033 Fax: 41 22 791 6506 Appeal e-mail: [email protected] Coordinating Office Perú Perú Earthquake - LAPE12 (Revision 2) Appeal Target: US$ 615,346 Balance Requested from ACT Network: US$ 206,567 Geneva, 18 October 2001 Dear Colleagues, A powerful earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter Scale rocked the south west of Perú on 23 June 2001. The departments of Arequipa, Ayacucho, Moquegua and Tacna were the most affected by the earthquake. There were 77 people who lost their lives, 2,713 injured, 68 missing, and at least 213,430 persons affected. In addition, it is estimated that 80,000 dwellings were damaged or destroyed. The impact of the earthquake on the community level was devastating, especially because of the numerous adobe buildings. The earthquake also damaged 2,000 hectares of cropland in the coastal province of Camaná used primarily to cultivate onion, squash, potato, corn, wheat and beans. These families also lost their houses and belongings as a tidal wave swept away their community. The original LAPE-12 Appeal was issued on 2 July with a revision on 6 July. However, due to the changes in the situation and the needs of the affected population the ACT members in Perú have further revised and adjusted their original proposals which comprise the following: LWF DIACONIA PREDES Housing & shelter Ö Ö Ö Food Ö Non-food – tools, kitchen sets, quilts etc Ö Ö Ö Agricultural inputs - animals Ö Water Ö Ö ACT is a worldwide network of churches and related agencies meeting human need through coordinated emergency response.
    [Show full text]