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Solomon Islands
Road Improvement (Sector) Project

FEASIBILITY STUDY
Wainuri-Kirakira & Kirakira-Warihito
Makira Province

Initial Environmental Examination
June 2008
Report No. 8

In Association with
Solomon Islands Government
Ministry of Infrastructure Development

Solomon islands Road Improvement Project

Report Register

  • Inception Report
  • 1

234567
Training and Capacity Building Plan Monitoring and Evaluation Framework Quarterly Report - July 2007 Appraisal Summary & Environmental Scoping Report Quarterly Progress Report – September 2007 Feasibility Study Report (3 Volumes) – Lata – Mbaengo Road (Temotu)
Engineering & Economic Assessment; Initial Poverty & Social Assessment; Initial Environmental Examination

Feasibility Study Report (4 Volumes) – Wainuri - Kirakira – Warihito Road (Makira)
89
Engineering Assessment; Economic Assessment; Initial Poverty & Social Assessment; Initial Environmental Examination

Feasibility Study Report (3 Volumes) – Kolombongara – Ghoe Road (Choiseul)
Engineering & Economic Assessment; Initial Poverty & Social Assessment; Initial Environmental Examination

Multi Criteria Sensitivity Analysis Tender Documents
10

  • 11
  • Routine and Specific Maintenance of Roads on Guadalcanal

Sealed Roads Unsealed Roads

  • Communications Plan
  • 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Labour Based Equipment Supported Maintenance Workshop Quarterly Progress Report – December 2007 Makira Stream Crossing Relocation Study Report Quarterly Progress Report – March 2008 Makira Topographic Survey Terms of Reference Labour Based Training Report (March 2008) Guadalcanal Feasibility Study Report (4 Volumes) – Lambi- Naro Hill
Engineering Assessment; Economic Assessment; Initial Poverty & Social Assessment; Initial Environmental Examination.

  • TA 48-SOL IEE Wainuri-Kirakira & Kirakira-Warihito June 2008
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Solomon islands Road Improvement Project

  • Tender Documents - Routine and Specific Maintenance of Roads on Malaita
  • 20

Section 1 Section 2 Town and Airport Roads

  • Procurement Strategy for International Competitive Bidding
  • 21

  • 22
  • Training Report - Introduction Course To Road Maintenance For Contractors

And Work Supervisors (Malaita)

Strategy for Ongoing Support of Labour Based Equipment Supported Road Maintenance
23

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Solomon islands Road Improvement Project

Project Number: TA 48-SOL April 2008

Solomon Islands Road Improvement Project INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION UPDATE Wainuri-Kirakira & Kirakira-Warihito Road Makira

  • Loan / TA
  • Amount
  • Country
  • Category

  • TA 48-SOL
  • USD 3.75 million
  • Solomon Islands
  • Category B

Infrastructure: Highways & Roads
Mission Chief: Robert Guild
Executing Agency: Ministry of Infrastructure & Development
Prepared by: Jean Williams, Ursula Kaly, Salome Pita
Major Project Components:

••••

Rehabilitation of 79 km of existing unsealed roads in Makira Province Rehabilitation of about 3.4 km of logging roads Building of about 891 m of new roads as approaches to new bridges Building of 27 crossings including engineered fords, causeways and low- and highlevel bridges
Need for EIA:

;ꢀ

Not needed. No further concern with environmental parameter EIA needed as described in IEE
Comments: The Wainuri-Kirakira and Kirakira-Warihito Road already exists, does not traverse any primary forests, protected, ecologically sensitive or densely populated areas and will not create any conflicts in resource use or development. Of the 79 km of road to be included in the subproject 95% of the length will be covered by routine maintenance activities and construction of approximately 27 crossings. About 3.4 km will involve the rehabilitation of old logging roads and construction of some 890 m of new road (comprising five short sections) for bridge approaches. The proposed new crossings and approach roads are entirely located in areas already impacted by past land-use and logging. For three of these sections minor resettlement relating to land acquisition and loss of a maximum of two houses and areas of crops and trees will require the preparation of a short resettlement plan. Therefore, the recommendation is that this subproject should have an environmental categorization of Category B and does not require further investigation or a full EIA.

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Solomon islands Road Improvement Project

Table of Contents

1.1 1.2

1.2.1

THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN SOLOMON ISLANDS ....................................................................... 2

Environment Act ............................................................................................................... 2 Other Relevant Legislation................................................................................................ 3 International Agreements and Treaties.............................................................................. 4 Environmental Management in the Transport Sector ......................................................... 4

ENVIRONMENT POLICY OF ADB..................................................................................................... 5 RECOMMENDED CATEGORIZATION OF THE PROJECT ......................................................................... 6 PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY OF IEE ........................................................................................... 7

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4

1.3 1.4 1.5

2.1 2.2 2.3

2.3.1 2.3.2

2.4
SCREENING OF CANDIDATE ROADS ................................................................................................ 9 PROJECT LOCATION................................................................................................................... 10 DESCRIPTION OF THE ROAD ........................................................................................................ 14

Existing Road Conditions................................................................................................ 14 2.3.2 Existing & Forecast Traffic ..................................................................................... 16

PROPOSED WORKS ................................................................................................................... 17

Rehabilitation of Existing Roads...................................................................................... 17 Options for River Crossings ............................................................................................ 18 Relocated Crossings....................................................................................................... 21 Construction Force and Equipment ................................................................................. 25 Gravel and Fill Materials ................................................................................................. 26

NEED FOR THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................ 26

2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5

2.5

Climate and Air Quality ................................................................................................... 28 Geology, Topography and Soils ...................................................................................... 29 Hydrology ....................................................................................................................... 31

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES............................................................................................................ 32

Marine Habitats, Flora and Fauna ................................................................................... 32 Terrestrial Habitats, Flora and Fauna.............................................................................. 32 Rare and Endangered Species ....................................................................................... 36 Protected Areas and Areas of Conservation Value .......................................................... 37

SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESOURCES................................................................................................... 38

Context for Economic Development ................................................................................ 38 Economic Activity ........................................................................................................... 38 Infrastructure Development............................................................................................. 41 Population and Human Development .............................................................................. 46 Income and Expenditure ................................................................................................. 48 Livelihoods and Household Production............................................................................ 49 Land Use........................................................................................................................ 50 Land Ownership ............................................................................................................. 51 Cultural Property Resources ........................................................................................... 51
3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3

3.2

3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4

3.3

3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8 3.3.9

4.1 4.2

4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3

4.3
IMPACTS OF ROAD REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES ............................................................................. 53 PRE-CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS .................................................................................................... 66

Vegetation Removal during Surveying and Demarcation ................................................. 66 Accidental Discovery of Archaeological Resources ......................................................... 66 Restrictions on Use of Land ............................................................................................ 67

CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 68

Impacts on Air Quality and Risk of Climate Change......................................................... 68 Impacts on River Structure.............................................................................................. 69 Impacts from Aggregate Extraction ................................................................................. 70 Impacts on Soils and Coastal Erosion ............................................................................. 72 Impacts on Water Quality................................................................................................ 73 Emergency Response and Existing Infrastructure ........................................................... 75

CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ON THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................... 75

Impacts on Flora and Fauna ........................................................................................... 75 Impacts on Protected or Sensitive Areas......................................................................... 77
4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6

4.4

4.4.1 4.4.2

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Solomon islands Road Improvement Project

4.5

4.5.1

CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT....................................................................... 77

Impacts on Noise Levels................................................................................................. 77 Impacts on Access.......................................................................................................... 78 Impacts on Health and Safety ......................................................................................... 78 Risk of Spread of Communicable Diseases and Child Exploitation .................................. 80 Impacts on Cultural Property........................................................................................... 85 Other Social Impacts – Stress on Resources & Infrastructure.......................................... 85

POVERTY REDUCTION & DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS...................................................................... 86 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE............................................................................................ 87

Operation Impacts on Physical Environment ................................................................... 87 Operation Impacts on the Biological Environment............................................................ 88 Operation Impacts on the Social Environment ................................................................. 89 Economic Benefits and Poverty Reduction ...................................................................... 90

SUMMARY OF IMPACTS ............................................................................................................... 91

4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.5.6

4.6 4.7

4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4

4.8

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    Annual Report 2020 Protecting Biodiversity by Empowering People MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRPERSON How to prevent pandemics? Blue-Eyed Ground-Dove Nature Reserve, Brazil. Invest in biodiversity © Save Brasil Save lives and money, and address climate change Unsustainable exploitation of the environment—through The IPBES report estimates a markedly lower cost of US$22 billion to land-use change, agricultural US$31.2 billion for the implementation of global strategies to prevent pandemics. expansion and intensification, These strategies include reducing wildlife trade and land-use change and increasing by Julia Marton-Lefèvre surveillance of human, animal and environmental health via the One Health wildlife trade and consumption, multiple-sector initiative. CHAIRPERSON, CEPF DONOR COUNCIL and other drivers—is the source There is already action on many of these fronts. Organizations around the globe of almost all pandemics. have long worked to halt wildlife trafficking and encouraged governments and communities to sustainably manage natural areas and conserve crucial habitats. overnments and other entities around the globe have spent a lot of time, Recently, a coalition of public health and environmental organizations—including money and energy addressing the health and economic consequences CEPF founding donor Conservation International and CEPF conservation partners G of the COVID-19 pandemic and coming up with medical and economic World Resources Institute and Wildlife Conservation Society—formed Preventing solutions. These actions are necessary, as so many people’s lives and livelihoods Pandemics at the Source to apply a more holistic approach to the pandemic threat, have been lost or are gravely threatened. pursuing policies, awareness and funding for preventative action.
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    June 2006 TNC Pacifi c Island Countries Report No 1/06 Solomon Islands Government Chapter 7 Seagrasses & Mangroves Solomon Islands Marine Assessment Len McKenzie1, Stuart Campbell2 & Ferral Lasi3 1CRC Reef/Department Primary Industries & Fisheries 2Wildlife Conservation Society 3 The Nature Conservancy 401 Published by: The Nature Conservancy, Indo-Pacific Resource Centre Author Contact Details: Len McKenzie: CRC Reef/Department Primary Industries & Fisheries, Northern Fisheries Centre, PO Box 5396, Cairns Qld, 4870, Australia Tel.: +61 7 4035 0131; fax: +61 7 4035 4664. E-mail address: [email protected] Suggested Citation: McKenzie, L., S. Campbell and F. Lasi. 2006. Seagrasses and Mangroves. In: Green, A., P. Lokani, W. Atu, P. Ramohia, P. Thomas and J. Almany (eds). 2006. Solomon Islands Marine Assessment: Technical report of survey conducted May 13 to June 17, 2004. TNC Pacific Island Countries Report No 1/06. © 2006, The Nature Conservancy All Rights Reserved. Reproduction for any purpose is prohibited without prior permission. Design: Jeanine Almany Artwork: Nuovo Design Maps: Stuart Sheppard & Jeanine Almany Cover Photo: © David Wachenfeld, Triggerfish Images Available from: Indo-Pacific Resource Centre The Nature Conservancy 51 Edmondstone Street South Brisbane, QLD 4101 Australia Or via the worldwide web at: www.conserveonline.org 402 Seagrasses and Mangroves Contents introduction & Background ...................................................................................................... 405 Seagrass Meadows ....................................................................................................................................405