WESTPAC Training Workshop “Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems” ______
Second WESTPAC Training Workshop
“Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems”
Phuket, Thailand, 26-28 August 2015
hosted by
In collaboration with
WESTPAC Training Workshop “Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems” ______
26-28 August 2015 Phuket, Thailand
Second WESTPAC Training Workshop on “Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems”
The presentation of the materials in this document does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNESCO, concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of the frontiers of any country or territory.
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Table of Contents
1. Provisional Programme 1
2. Technical Note for Participants 5
3. Related “Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)” for Ocean Acidification Monitoring 8
3.1 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and Total Alkalinity (TA) Sampling Planning and Sample Collection 9
3.2 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) 13
3.2.1 Overview 13
3.2.2 Assembly 17
3.2.3 Deployment 27
3.2.4 Recovery 32
3.2.5 Processing 37
4. List of Participants 44
5. Information Note for Participants 50
WESTPAC Training Workshop “Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems” ______
Provisional Programme
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Provisional Programme
Tuesday 25 August 2015
Arrival of participants and check in at the Kantary Bay Hotel, Phuket
Wednesday 26 August 2015
08:30 Gathering at the lobby of the Kantary Bay Hotel, Phuket, and departure for the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC)
08:45 – 09:00 Registration Venue: Meeting Room, on the second floor of the Phuket Aquarium, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC)
09:00 – 09:20 Opening and self introduction • Welcome Remarks by Dr Somkiat Khokiattiwong, Acting Director of the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) and Chair of the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) • Welcome Remarks by Ms. Duriya Amatavivat, Deputy Secretary- General, The Thai National Commission for UNESCO • Participants’ brief self introduction
09:20 – 09:35 Brief on the main results of the First OA Workshop Mr Wenxi Zhu
09:35 – 09:50 Conduct of the workshop Dr Somkiat Khokiattiwong, Dr Rusty Brainard
09:50 – 17:30 Lecture Session
09:50 – 10:45 Introduction to CO2 Chemistry in seawater (Part 1) Dr Andrew Gilmore Dickson
10:45 – 11:00 Group Photo and Coffee Break
11:00 – 12:00 Introduction to CO2 Chemistry in seawater (Part 2) Dr Andrew Gilmore Dickson
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
13:00 – 13:30 Introduction on how to use CO2SYS Dr Andrew Gilmore Dickson
13:30 – 14:15 Introduction to monitoring of biological parameters Dr Rusty Brainard
14:15 – 15:00 Monitoring bioerosion Dr Ian C. Enochs
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15:00 – 15:15 Coffee Break
15:15 – 16:00 Monitoring accretion and calcification Dr Thomas A. Oliver
16:00 – 16:45 Monitoring biodiversity Dr Rusty Brainard
16:45 – 17:30 Globally coordinated ocean acidification observation and IOC- UNESCO's role in GOA-ON Dr Kirsten Isensee
18:00 Welcome Reception hosted by the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC)
Thursday 27 August 2015
08:30 Gathering at the lobby of the Kantary Bay Hotel, Phuket, and departure for the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) Venue: Meeting Room, on the second floor of the Phuket Aquarium, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC)
09:00 – 12:00 Presentations of existing OA monitoring by participants
12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
13:00 – 17:30 Break-out session Moderator: Dr Rusty Brainard, Dr Suchana Chavanich, Dr Andrew Gilmore Dickson, Dr Somkiat Khokiattiwong Discuss and prepare realistic and achievable Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for monitoring carbonate chemistry and biological parameters for each pilot site for each country/institution
17:30 – 18:00 Plenary closing review of day
Friday 28 August 2015
08:30 Gathering at the lobby of the Kantary Bay Hotel, Phuket, and departure for the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) Venue: Meeting Room, on the second floor of the Phuket Aquarium, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC)
09:00 - 10:30 National development and consultation on SOPs for implementation of OA monitoring for pilot sites.
10:30 – 10:45 Coffee Break
10:45 – 12:00 Summarize national SOPs and work plans
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12:00 – 13:00 Lunch
13:00 – 17:30 Discussion on next steps toward implementation of OA monitoring in the region
18:00 Farewell dinner hosted by the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC)
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Technical Note for Participants
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Technical Note for Participants
This workshop, as an follow up to the first one on Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (OA) on Coral Reef Ecosystems (Phuket, Thailand, 19-21 January 2015), aims to build/enhance the OA monitoring capacity at the pilot sites identified by each of the countries during the first OA workshop. To this end, all nominated participants are required to:
i. Read the Summary Report of the first OA workshop, in particular its part 5, 6 and 7. You can download the Summary Report at http://iocwestpac.org/calendar/674.html. For all presentations at the first OA workshop, please visit http://iocwestpac.org/calendar/606.html.
ii. Since all participants will be divided on 27 August into two groups respectively on biology and carbonate chemistry. Each participant will be invited to brief on their existing monitoring capacity within their site(s). (Note: participants could also select other sites than these listed from the first OA workshop.) Resource Persons will assist/advise to improve if needed. Then two persons from each country shall meet to come up with a comprehensive monitoring plan for their site (s); On 28 August all will meet plenary to present their comprehensive monitoring plan.
When preparing your talk, please keep in mind the following inexhaustible list of questions:
• What minimum physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured? Where? At what depths? • What is the desired spatial (what depths? how many?) and temporal resolution (frequency) of these measurements? • What (parameters) and where are the gaps in present observing systems? Where and what new measurements do we need?
Important links:
• Online OA short course: http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=33598 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR917nXLEHU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhwc9UnNHHY
• Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements (standard methods for OA water sampling and analysis): http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Handbook_2007.html
• Guide to best practices for ocean acidification research and data reporting: http://www.epoca-project.eu/index.php/guide-to-best-practices-for-ocean-acidification- research-and-data-reporting.html
• Certified Reference Material: http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/adickson/biocv
• CO2 sys for calculating the carbon system: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys/ http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1280/
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• Existing OA observational programs for ideas and potential collaborations: http://www.goa-on.org/; http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa_documents/NOS/CRCP/noaa_crcp_national_coral_reef _monitoring_plan_2014.pdf
Relevant Documents:
• DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) AND TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA) SAMPLING: PLANNING AND SAMPLE COLLECTION
• AUTONOMOUS REEF MONITORING STRUCTURES (ARMS)
Overview
Assembly
Deployment
Recovery
Processing
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Related Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
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3.1 DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) AND TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA) SAMPLING: PLANNING AND SAMPLE COLLECTION
Section 1: Considerations in planning your field sampling
Sample bottle type and size—In order to run both DIC and TA analyses on the same sample, a 500mL sample is needed. If only one of the two analyses is needed (DIC or TA), then a 250 - 300mL sample is sufficient. In order to calculate all the parameters of the carbon system (pCO2, pH, carbonate species, saturation states (Ω), etc.) both DIC and TA must be measured. Sample bottles must be of a certain type and quality in order to ensure no gas exchange or reactivity/changes in alkalinity occurs. CRED uses Corning PYREX reagent bottles with PYREX stoppers (Fisher Scientific USA, http://www1.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/fsproductdetail?position=content&tab=Items&pro ductId=765795&fromSearch=0&catlogId=29104&storeId=10652&langId=-1).
Water sampler size—In order to collect your seawater samples properly, you will need a water sampler that can collect several times the volume of seawater needed to completely fill the sample bottles, in addition to the volume needed for any other samples to be collected from the same sampler. This is because the collection method of DIC and TA involves overflowing the sample bottle with three full exchanges of seawater to collect a clean sample. Also the DIC and TA seawater sample must not include the last water to come out of the sampler, which will have been exposed to air as the sampler is emptied into the sample bottle, resulting in a contaminated sample (DIC concentration measured from a sample is a function of CO2 gas exchange, therefore collecting a seawater sample that has been in contact with the atmosphere results in an inaccurate measurement). CRED uses a 5 L Niskin bottle (General Oceanics, http://www.generaloceanics.com/home.php?cat=9) to collect a 500 mL sample, which provides ample volume to collect for other analytes as well.
Section 2: Preparation prior to drawing the DIC/TA samples
Prepare a saturated solution of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)—Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for mercuric chloride (USA, http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924616). HgCl2 is a hazardous material and should be treated as such in the laboratory and for sample transportation. The U.S. Department of Transportation allows exceptions from the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR parts 171-180) concerning the shipment of water samples containing limited quantities of various Class 8 corrosive materials, of which HgCl2 is included. HgCl2 can be shipped in water solutions at concentrations of 0.004% by weight or less. The saturation of mercuric chloride is 7.4 g per 100 mL of deionized water (DIW) - this is the minimum ratio. CRED suggests a 1:10 ratio for a saturated HgCl2 solution; e.g. 10 g mercuric chloride salt per 100 mL DIW. Standard volumes used for saturated HgCl2 solutions are 0.02-0.05% of the total sample volume. CRED injects 200 µL of saturated HgCl2 solution into a 500 mL seawater sample using a fixed volume pipette (Fisher Scientific USA, http://www1.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/itemdetail?storeId=10652&langId=- 1&catalogId=29104&productId=2353925&distype=0&highlightProductsItemsFlag=Y&fromS earch=1&searchType=PROD&hasPromo=0). Ensure that your pipette is capable of dispensing 200 µL properly. Make sure that the HgCl2 solution stays saturated at all times by checking to see that HgCl2 salt crystals remain in the bottom of the bottle. Note: if taking DIC and TA samples separately, both samples must be poisoned with HgCl2.
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Label the sample bottles in at least two locations—Bottle numbers can rub off, which could result in loss of data for any samples that cannot be matched to the field sampling log. Each bottle should be labeled with a unique number on the shoulder of the bottle, reducing the possibility of the label being rubbed off. CRED uses DecoColor paint markers for labeling the sample bottles, as labels written with Sharpies (and similar markers) can rub off. Do not apply adhesive paper labels to the bottles, as they are problematic when sample bottles get wet in the field and when cleaning the bottles post DIC/TA analysis.
Grease the sample bottle stoppers—Apply 4-5 thin vertical strips of Apiezon L ultra-high vacuum grease around each bottle’s stopper. After sampling, insert a greased stopper into the neck of the sample bottle, seat the stopper, and twist to spread the grease evenly and form an airtight seal.
Sampling noodle—Soak sampling tubing (noodle) in a bucket of clean water before the first sample and between subsequent sample helps to prevent bubbles from forming in the noodle during sampling. Note: bubbles in the sampling tubing (noodle) during sample collection are not acceptable and compromise the quality dissolved gas samples. Noodles may be either a single piece of Tygon tubing or consist of a narrower piece of flexible tubing inserted into a larger diameter piece of rigid tubing, and held in place with a cable tie. For single piece noodles, we recommend marking the noodle so that the same end is placed on the water sampler each time. For two piece noodles, the end of tubing used for contact with the Niskin bottle nipple will be obvious.
Prepare your log sheets—Prepare log sheets with all necessary information about locations and depths to be sampled, geographic coordinates, bottle numbers, etc. Remember to account for supporting information that accompanies your samples (The most accurate carbonate system calculations require salinity, temperature, pressure or depth, and phosphate and silicate concentrations).
Section 3: DIC/TA sample drawing procedure
Draw samples immediately after Niskin bottles come aboard—Dissolved gases must be sampled before other, less sensitive samples such as nutrients and salinity are collected. If multiple gas collections are to be made from the same bottle, the correct order of sampling is oxygen first, and then dissolved inorganic carbon parameters (pCO2, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, and alkalinity).
Check the Niskin bottle for leaks—Before sample collection, make sure sample water is not leaking from around the end caps, air valve or stopcock/petcock. If the end caps did not seat correctly or valves were not properly closed, the sample is compromised. Check that the tubing between the end caps is in good condition and attached correctly. If no leaks are observed, collect the seawater sample.
Fill the sample bottle—Attach the designated end of the Tygon tubing (noodle) to the stopcock/petcock nipple of the Niskin bottle sampler. After rinsing the Tygon noodle prior to sample collection, insert the noodle into the bottom of the sample bottle, open air valve at the top of the Niskin, open water valve (stopcock/petcock), and begin water flow. Invert the sample bottle over the tube to rinse the inside of the bottle carefully with the sample water, eliminating any air bubbles which may have stuck onto the sample bottle’s walls. It is critical to sample accuracy to prevent exposure of the sample to ambient atmospheric air bubbles. Slowly right the bottle and keeping the noodle at the bottom of the sample bottle, begin to fill, pinching the tubing (if necessary) to control the influx of sample. Allow the
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bottle to fill completely and to overflow 3 full volumes (count how long it takes for the bottle to initially overflow (e.g. 20 sec), and then allow it to continue to overflow for 2x this amount of time (e.g. 40 additional sec) for a total of 60 sec of overflow). Pinch the noodle to stop the sample water flow while the tubing is still touching the bottom of the sample bottle. Then withdraw the noodle while continuing to pinch the noodle and restrict the flow of sample water from the Niskin. The volume displaced by the noodle establishes a “calibrated headspace of ~1% of the total sample bottle volume, which allows for possible sample expansion during transportation to the laboratory. Once the sample bottle is full and “calibrated,” check the bottle walls for any bubbles. If you see any bubbles inside the sample bottle, discard the sample and redraw.
Carefully add 200 µL of HgCl2— Using a pipette, inject HgCl2 solution into the 500 mL sample bottle (100 µL for 250–300 mL bottles). Do not submerge pipette tip into sample. Do not try to remove pipette tip from within sample bottle if the pipette tip is ejected by accident (DIC/TA analyses can still be conducted if pipette tip is in sample bottle).
Insert greased stopper into neck of bottle and twist—To form a good airtight seal between the stopper and bottle. If there are horizontal streaks visible in the greased seal, then use more grease on future samples.
Seal the sample bottle with rubber band and collar—As in pictures below. Securing the stopper is critical for proper storage, so if a band is lost, or breaks, use electrical tape over the stopper and under the bottle.
O Place the plastic collar through the middle of the rubber band (panel A).
O Pull both sides of the rubber band through the middle of the collar (panel B).
O While holding the collar, pull the rubber band down over the stopper and pinch the collar tightly around the neck of the bottle (panel C). Be sure to pull the collar down so that it is below the neck of the bottle. This sample (panel D) has the correct volume of headspace and a properly fit clip and rubber band.
Invert the sample several times to mix the mercuric chloride thoroughly.
Dip each bottle in a bucket of clean fresh water—Only up to the neck, towel dry, and place in the sample bottle storage crate. Bottles can be stored at room temperature but should be kept out of direct sunlight or high temperature. If cool/air conditioned storage is available, that is preferable. Samples should never be frozen.
Take duplicate samples as you see fit—e.g. 10% of the total number of samples. Consider taking duplicates at all critical sampling sites.
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Section 4: Inorganic carbon chemistry
From the DIC and TA analytical measurements, you can calculate all remaining inorganic carbonate system parameters—pH, pCO2, fCO2, aragonite and calcite saturation states – 2– (Ωarag, Ωcalc), and the concentrations of bicarbonate ion ([HCO3 ]), carbonate ion ([CO3 ]), and dissolved carbon dioxide ([CO2])—using a program called CO2SYS. To do so, we require:
O Water temperature (T) at the time of sample collection.
O Pressure (P) that the seawater sample was collected (the depth at which the Niskin bottle fired to capture the sample).
O Salinity (S)—It is possible that the analytical laboratory conducting the DIC and TA analyses will measure salinity of all samples using a thermosalinograph integrated into their analytical system, but high quality salinity measurements (from bottle analyses (highest quality) or CTD measurements) are best.
O Nutrients—To make the highest quality carbonate system calculations, phosphate 3– 4– ([PO4 ]) and silicate ([SiO4 ]) concentrations for each sample are required. Not having nutrient data can introduce an error on the order of 1–5%, possibly higher, depending on nutrient concentration, in the resulting calculated pCO2 values.
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3.2 AUTONOMOUS REEF MONITORING STRUCTURES (ARMS)
3.2.1 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Overview
Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) are small, long-term collecting devices designed to mimic the structural complexity of a coral reef and attract colonizing invertebrates. Developed by CRED in partnership with the Census of Marine Life (CoML), Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs), ARMS were created to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, abundance, and community structure of the cryptofauna community (the most diverse community of organisms on a coral reef) on a global scale.
An ARMS unit is essentially a tier of nine 23 cm x 23 cm gray, Type I PVC plates stacked in an alternating series of open and obstructed formats attached to a 35 cm x 45 cm base plate. The entire structure is affixed to the sea floor and remains on the benthos for 1-3 years during which time it becomes colonized with marine organisms.
ARMS provide a systematic, consistent, and comparable method to monitor cryptofauna diversity.
Upon recovery, the ARMS unit's 8 layer tier is encapsulated within a mesh-lined container to prevent the escape of motile (moving) organisms. The units are disassembled plate by plate, with both sides photo-documented for spatial analyses of sessile (non-moving) organism coverage. 2 mm, 500 µm, and 100 µm geologic sieves are used to obtain three motile size fractions. The largest fraction (> 2 mm) is sorted into morphtaxonomic groups and can be processed via standard voucher-based molecular barcoding techniques. The two smaller motile fractions are processed via metabarcoding next-generation sequencing techniques. The sessile organisms are scraped off the plates, homogenized, and preserved for metabarcoding next-generation sequencing.
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A typical ARMS unit yields hundreds of specimens of motile and sessile invertebrates from many tens of species thereby making them an ideal platform to examine biodiversity in a standard, replicable, and systematic manner. Preliminary estimates of the number of unique DNA sequences (i.e. species) from the metagenomic metabarcoding analyses is >1000 for an individual ARMS unit on a coral reef. They improve our ability to monitor, measure, and relate the cryptofauna community with ecosystem processes and provide baseline data across large biogeographic, environmental, human impact, and management protection gradients. They have been adopted as a key biodiversity assessment tool by NOAA's National Coral Reef Monitoring Program' (NCRMP) and Ocean Acidification Program's climate monitoring stations in the Pacific. They are also a central component of the Smithsonian's Global Marine Biodiversity Project.
The ARMS Project has expanded on a global scale
Locations of current ARMS deployments
More than 600 ARMS have been deployed throughout the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans
● 2006-2008 — Original design and testing of ARMS prototypes. The first ARMS units were deployed at French Frigate Shoals during the CReefs research cruise ● 2008-present — CRED incorporated ARMS into their Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) research cruises to: o American Samoa o Northwestern Hawaiian Islands o Main Hawaiian lslands o Guam o The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) o Pacific Remote Island Areas ● 2007-2009 — CReefs Australia deployed ARMS at Lizard and Heron Islands (GBR) and Ningaloo Reef ● 2009 — CRED collaborated with partners on expansion to the following locations: o Western Indian Ocean: Reunion, Europa, and Glorieuses Islands
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o Moorea, French Polynesia o Florida (Indian River Lagoon) o Papua New Guinea (Kimbe Bay) o Brazil (Albrohos) ● 2010 — CRED collaborated with partners on expansion to the following locations: o Grand Cayman Islands o Puerto Rico o Sangihe Island in North Sulawesi Indonesia o Bali, Indonesia ● 2012 — CRED collaborated with partners on expansion to the following locations: o Philippines - Verde Island Passage and Tubbataha Reefs o Dry Tortugas with NOAA's Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary o Florida Keys with NOAA's Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary o Timor Leste with U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and Conservation International o Puget Sound, Washington with Northwest Fisheries Science Center o Chagos Archipelago with James Cook University ● 2012 — Smithsonian Institution expanded to the following locations: o Belize o Jordon o Florida (Indian River) o Chesapeake Bay (Washapreague) o Panama (Bocas) o Taiwan o Curacao ● 2012 — Australian Institute of Marine Science deployed ARMS along CO2 vents in Papua New Guinea ● 2012 — CRED collaborated with the European Union's DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) Project to expand ARMS to the four regional European Seas ● 2012 — Recovered ARMS from Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea ● 2012 — Smithsonian Institution deployed ARMS in Saudi Arabia ● 2013 — ARMS were incorporated into the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program's and Ocean and Acidification Program's climate and ocean change monitoring stations ● 2013-2017 — CRED is collaborating with University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Smithsonian Institution, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, and San Diego State University (SDSU) through a National Science Foundation PIRE (Partnerships for International Research and Education) grant to deploy ARMS throughout Indonesia ● 2014 — ARMS recovered from 8 sites on north coast of Timor Leste ● 2015 — ARMS recovered by CRED and PIRE grant partners from Verde Island Passage and Tubbataha Reefs, Philippines ● 2015 — NOAA’s Northwest Fisheries Science Center with cooperation from Shannon Point Marine Center (Western Washington University deployed ARMS in the southern Salish Sea
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The ARMS Project is Multi-Institutional
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3.2.2 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Assembly
ARMS Assembly
. Materials . Assembly Schematic . Assembly Procedures . Step 1: Top Plate . Step 2: Open Layer . Step 3: Closed Layer . Step 4: Additional Layers . Step 5: Completing the ARMS Tower . Step 6: Base Plate Assembly . Completed ARMS
Materials
QTY Description 9 PVC Layer Plates (225mm x 225mm x 6.3mm) 1 PVC Base Plate (450mm x 350mm x 12.7mm) 8 PVC Short Cross Spacers (140mm x 20mm x 12.7mm) 4 PVC Long Cross Spacers (300mm x 20mm x 12.7mm) 16 1/2"-tall Nylon Spacers for 1/4" Bolts (0.257" ID x 0.500" OD x 0.500") 4 1/4"-20 x 8.5" Bolts, Stainless Steel 1/4" Flat Washers, Stainless Steel (two different sizes pictured above as larger washers were 12 used for the baseplate) 8 1/4"-20 Jam Nuts, Stainless Steel 1 Tube of Aqualube/AquashieldTM or Silicone Grease (optional but highly advisable)
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Assembly Schematic
Exploded view of an ARMS assembly (left) and views of a completed ARMS assembly (right top and bottom).
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Assembly Procedures
Step 1: Top Plate Place a washer on each of four bolts, and then run the bolts through the four corners of a single layer plate. This plate will now be the top plate of the ARMS under construction.
Step 2: Open Layer Turn the top late over, so the bolt heads and washers are down and the bolts are sticking up through the plate. Begin constructing the various layers of the ARMS. Slide 1/2" nylon spacers onto each bolt then add a PVC plate.
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Step 3: Closed Layer Closed layers are created by using one Long PVC Cross Spacer and two Short PVC Cross Spacers. Slide a long spacer onto bolts located diagonally across the ARMS. Slide the short spacer on the remaining bolts such that they each contact the long spacer at a right angle, thus creating 4 equally sized triangular spaces on the plate. Finally, add another layer plate to complete this first closed layer.
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Step 4: Additional Layers Continue to alternate construction of open layers and closed layers, until there are a total of four open and four closed layers.
Step 5: Completing the ARMS Tower Once the last layer plate is added, thus completing the final closed layer, add a flat washer and jam nut to each of the four bolts and tighten each nut securely. (Note: It is highly advisable to add Aqualube/AquashieldTM or silicone grease to the threads of each bolt to prevent nuts from freezing to the bolts as a result of deployment in saltwater. This will greatly facilitate subsequent removal of the nuts during ARMS processing).
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Step 6: Base Plate Assembly The final step in ARMS construction is to attach the base plate to the tower of layers. Simply lay the base plate over the bolts (with the counter sunk side down) and add a washer and a lock nut to each bolt. Tighten securely.
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Completed ARMS With the base plate attached, the ARMS is now fully assembled.
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3.2.3 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Deployment
ARMS Deployment
. Deployment Equipment . Weight Attachment . Deployment . Lowering the Equipment . Installation . Alternative Installation Methods . Photography . GPS
Deployment Equipment
QTY Description 1 (3)* ARMS with base plate attached 4 (12)* Heavy duty 24" cable ties 4 (12)* Heavy duty 36" cable ties 2 (6)* Weights (capped PVC pipe with lead inside)** 4 (12)* 3/8" x 24" stainless steel threaded rods with a chisel point on one end*** 1 Sledge hammer per diver 1 Gear bag 1 Drop line with buoy 1 Camera 1 GPS . *Number in parentheses is the quantity required for one survey site of 3 ARMS. . **This is optional but helps in high wave energy environments and overall in stabilizing the ARMS units. . ***Bring extra stainless steel threaded rods (if a rod is bent during installation, it must be replaced with a new rod). There are other installation methods that range from drilling eye-bolts and using cables or zip ties to connect the unit to heavy anchors. You can improvise based on budget, wave exposure, and habitat.
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Figure 1: ARMS deployment gear.
Weight Attachment
One method to help stabilize the ARMS unit on the benthos is to add weights to the device. Prior to deployment, you can attach a PVC pipe weight to each handle using two 24" zip ties per side. It is best to thread each 24" zip tie through the handle space twice such that each zip tie forms two loops around the PVC weight. Ensure that the zip ties are tightened around each end of the PVC pipe weight so that the weights are securely attached to the ARMS.
Figure 2: Zip tying the weights to the ARMS unit.
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Deployment
NOAA deploys ARMS in sets of three on hard bottom forereef habitats at depths of 10-15 meters. Individual ARMS units within a survey site are placed 2-4 meters apart.
Lowering the Equipment
In order to minimize adverse impacts to the coral reef habitat, we lower all of the ARMS equipment to the bottom using the buoyed drop line. The bitter end of the line is run through one handle of each of the 3 ARMS and clipped back to itself. The tool bag is clipped to the line just above the ARMS.
A free-diver briefly surveys the desired survey area for an appropriate sandy / rubble location into which the equipment can be lowered from the support boat. Once the free diver finds a suitable location, hand signals and/or voice Figure 3: ARMS equipment ready for lowering off commands are used to direct the support of the small boat. vessel over the appropriate location in which to lower the equipment.
Once the equipment is lowered, the surface buoy attached to the drop line marks the dive location. Divers need only follow the drop line down to the equipment to begin ARMS installation.
Figure 4: ARMS being lowered off of the small boat (left). Figure 5: ARMS lowered into a rubble patch (right).
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Installation
Figure 6: Using a sledgehammer to pound in the stakes.
Figure 7: Zip tying the stakes to the ARMS unit.
Divers look for rubble or bare patches of substrate in which to install the ARMS so as to minimize any collateral damage to the coral reef habitat. ARMS are installed approximately 2 to 5 meters apart as the topography allows.
If installing ARMS units with stainless steel shanks, drive a stake using a sledge hammer through each corner hole of the base plate. If possible, stakes should be installed perpendicular to the substrate to facilitate ARMS removal at a later date by simply lifting it vertically off the stakes.
However, sometimes it is not possible to achieve a perpendicular orientation of the stakes. This is not a problem. Just be sure to hammer in the stakes to at least half of their length in whatever orientation allows this. Stability of the ARMS base plate is ultimately more important than stake orientation. Once the stakes are driven into the substrate through the holes in the base plate, use the 36" heavy duty zip ties to secure the base plate to the stakes.
Thread a zip tie through a corner of the base plate and take multiple wraps around the stake before securing. Repeat for the remaining corners. A correctly installed ARMS unit should feel securely attached to the substrate with very little play (lateral or vertical) when manipulated by the diver.
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If for some reason the stakes cannot be installed through the corner holes of the base plate, they may be installed through the handles at opposing angles (crossed). Similarly, use the 36" heavy duty zip ties to secure the base plate to the stakes.
Alternative Installation Methods
In hard bottom habitats, such as basalt, that are challenging to pound in stakes, you can alternatively use heavier weights to secure the ARMS unit to the benthos or a pneumatic drill to install eye bolts. Zip ties would be used to secure the weights to the base plate (see below) and in drilling, zip ties secure the base plate to the eye bolts.
ARMS units secured to the benthos using weights. Long weights shown are 70 lbs each and the shorter weights are 40 lbs each.
Photography Document the site with photos of the surrounding habitat as well as the deployed ARMS. If there is a particular sponge, algae, tunicate, bryozoans etc that is prevalent at the site, take a close-up image to document.
GPS Mark a GPS point of the site. Make sure to swim over the spot and get the point directly above the ARMS.
Figure 8: Two installed ARMS units at a site.
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3.2.4 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Recovery
Equipment for Dive
ARMS Recovery • Something to encapsulate ARMS tier such as a milk crate lined with a 100 µm mesh or a Equipment for Dive square 18 Q container (a recovery crate) Locating the ARMS • Knife or shears Recovery Procedures • Tool bag • Gear bag with buoyed line attached • Floating line with a buoy attached to one end • 2 ratchet straps, heavy-duty bungee cords, or cam straps per ARMS unit
*Note the number of recovery crates and buoyed lines brought down should equal the number of ARMS being removed that that site.
Locating the ARMS
ARMS may be challenging to recognize underwater after they've soaked for a period of time. To maximize dive time, it is suggested to first snorkel and free dive around the marked GPS position to find their location. This is especially important if ARMS are being redeployed at the same site. It prevents the divers from having to move the heavy deployment equipment underwater if the gear was lowered on a GPS point that was slightly off site.
Recovery Procedures
1. Bring recovery crate, tool bag with shears and knives, two ratchet straps or heavy- duty bungee cords, and an extra bag to hold weights, zip ties and stakes after removal. You will also need line(s) longer than the depth to use as a hand-tended recovery line or a lift bag to bring the ARMS unit and weights and stakes to the surface.
2. Using a knife or shears, remove the zip ties around the weights.
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3. Remove the zip ties attaching the baseplate to the stakes.
4. When the ARMS unit is free of zip ties and weights, place the recovery crate over the ARMS unit.
5. Insert ratchet straps through the hand holes on the base plate and back through itself.
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6. Pull or crank the latching straps until the cover is tightly sealed on the ARMS baseplate. You can use bungee cords as long as the tension is high enough to keep a good seal during the rest of the recovery process.
7. If you are not redeploying a new set of ARMS, remove the stakes and place them along with the weights and zip ties into the gear bag. If you are redeploying ARMS, lift the covered ARMS unit over the stakes and redeploy the new ARMS unit over existing stakes and proceed with installation.
8. Attach a buoyed line to the ARMS unit for surface recovery. **Note: experienced divers could carry an ARMS unit to the surface during their accent and not attach a buoyed line.
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9. Once back in the small boat, fill up containers full of sea water to place the ARMS into.
10. Pull up the ARMS units attached to the buoyed lines individually.
11. Lift the ARMS out of the water and immediately place each ARMS unit in a tub full of seawater with a battery operated aquarium bubbler.
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If your recovery crate is not mesh lined such as the 18Q container pictured below, remove the crate from the tier in a tub of seawater and add bubblers.
12. Transport the recovered ARMS to ship or shore station for further processing as soon as possible.
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3.2.5 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) Processing
Transfer and Disassembly ARMS Processing
Transfer the recovered and intact ARMS unit into a . Transfer and Disassembly . new container (a disassembly tub) containing Photography . Brushing seawater and air pumps for oxygenation. Water from . Sieving the used recovery container will not be sieved for . Sorting and Documentation processing and thus can be discarded. The holding . Scraping crate used for retrieval is still attached to the ARMS . Processing Products unit.
If the recovery crate was removed in the field, then you must transfer the recovery container with the ARMS unit and the existing seawater to your processing location. The field recovery container will then become your disassembly tub and you can start dissembling the ARMS unit as explained below.
ARMS units in aerated disassembly tubs.
Detach the latching straps and carefully lift off the holding crate. Dip and shake the crate in the seawater to free organisms trapped within the mesh lining and corners. This may require flushing the liner with seawater over the tub or using forceps to pick off unrelenting critters.
Detaching the latching straps (left) and flushing the mesh liner with sea water to detach organisms (right).
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Once the recovery crate is removed, start disassembling the ARMS unit. Remove the nuts attaching the base plate to the ARMS tier using a 7/16" wrench or drill with a 7/16" socket. Once removed, lightly brush the base plate in the tub with a paint brush to remove any motile organisms. When this is complete, the base plate may be discarded. Proceed to remove the next set of nuts that is keeping the tier intact using the 7/16" wrench or drill. Once the nuts are all removed, the layers are accessible and ready for processing.
Removing the jam nuts connecting the base plate to the tier of plates (left) and jam nuts that hold the tier of ARMS plates together (right).
Photography
Remove the bottom layer of the ARMS unit (which is plate 9) and rinse it lightly in the container by dipping it side to side in the disassembly tub. This will help remove any sand particles on the plate thereby providing a cleaner surface for imaging the sessile organisms. Place the rinsed layer in a photo tray and include the appropriate label. Our labels contain the first three letters of the removal location followed by the site number, year, the ARMS ID letter, plate #, and a T or B to indicate top or bottom (e.g. OAU_01_2010_ARMS_A_4_T (Island of Oahu, Site 01, Year 2010, ARMS A, Plate 4, and Top of Plate)). Removing and rinsing a plate for photographing. Take an initial photo of the plate with the label. Then
photograph the whole plate without the label. Take a close up image of each quarter of the plate, the center, and of anything of interest. Turn the plate over and repeat. Take the highest quality JPEG or RAW image at the highest resolution, ensuring that enough memory is available to handle the file size. Images can be used for analyses of sessile recruitment and composition.
Photographing the whole plate (left), taking close-up photos (upper middle), an image of labeled plate (lower middle), and an image to be used for analysis (right).
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Alternatively you can use a tripod and set the camera to the following manual settings:
• Shutterspeed - 200s • F-stop - F11 • ISO - 400
When using the tripod at these settings, take one photo of the plate with the label and several images without the label. Make sure to avoid any artificial sunlight or shadowing from hitting the plate.
We use the following camera set up:
• Nikon D90 • AF Micro-Nikkor 60 mm lens 1:2.8 D • Nikon SU-800 speedlight • 2 - Nikon SB-R200 wireless remote speedlights • 2 - Joby Gorillapod SLR Zoom Using a Tripod for plate imagery in East Timor. Tripods • Manfrotto 055X Pro Tripod • Manfrotto 808RC4 3-Way Panhead
Brushing
Once the top and bottom images have been taken, gently brush both sides of the plate using a standard paint brush into a new rinse bucket containing sea water to remove any non- sessile organisms that are still attached. Place the brushed plate into a fresh container with seawater and air bubblers if the plates are not immediately scraped (see below for scraping). Remove the next layer from the disassembly tub, photograph it, and repeat the series of steps described above.
Brushing plate to remove any attached motile organisms.
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Sieving
Once all of the plate layers in the ARMS unit have been photographed, the seawater from the disassembly tub, photo tray, and rinse bucket is sieved through adjoining 2 mm and 500 µm sieve pans and an attachable 100 µm mesh hand net or sieve. Place the material collected in the 500 µm sieve and 100 µm net into two separate jars. Fill jars with EtOH, 20% DMSO, or RNA later - and label accordingly. The preserved 500 and 100 µm sample fractions undergo mass sequencing techniques. The ≥ 2 mm size fraction can either be bulked preserved, like the 500 and 100 µm fractions, with the understanding that they will be sorted at a later date or sorted at the time of processing.
Sieving processing water (left), 100 µm net collection (upper right), and 2 mm sieve fraction (lower right).
Sorting and Documentation
Sorting the ≥ 2 mm size fraction is more efficient immediately after processing because the organisms are alive, intact, and colorful. Ethanol as a preservative fades away specimen coloration, can separate annelid segments and can detach crustacean limbs when bulk preserved. Immediate processing of the ≥ 2 mm size fraction also provides you with the opportunity to photograph the specimens for vouchering. Regardless of the method you choose, make sure that Sorting the ≥ 2 mm size fraction.
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during the sorting process specimen labels are assigned appropriately. We label specimens using the first three letters of the island code and include a unique specimen number (for example OAH-001, OAH-002, OAH-003, etc.).
When photographing specimens, the first image should have the unique specimen label in the image. Subsequent images can be taken without the label for finer details. When images and identifications are complete, preserve the specimen(s) with their unique specimen ID label in a vial with ethanol, 20% DMSO, or RNA later if you plan on vouchering the specimen or subsampling for DNA barcoding.
Photographing the brachyuran crab, Lybia edmonsoni.
Scraping
All plates (n = 9) from an individual ARMS unit are scrapped en masse and bulk preserved. Try to remove all of the encrusting sessile and bivalve organisms from each plate using a tool such as a paint scraper. Once all 9 plates have been scraped, we place all the scrapings into a blender and homogenize the contents for one plus minutes, adding sea water if necessary.
Scraping the sessile materials off of the plates.
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Next, we pour the blended scrapings into a 40 µm hand net and use sea water to remove all the contents from the blender into the hand net. We then carefully squeeze the hand net to drain the seawater, leaving the homogenized contents entrapped within the net. Seawater is added to the net and filtered through until the drained coloration of the seawater is no longer muddy looking. At that point, the content within the net is subsampled. Approximately 10 grams is placed in a 50 ml falcon tube and filled with 20% DMSO, ethanol or RNA later. This is repeated 3 times creating 3 replicate samples. These samples, like the 500 µm and 100 µm fractions, will eventually undergo mass sequencing techniques using a MoBio Soil PowerMax@Soil DNA Isolation Kit for DNA extraction. The remaining sample is placed in a whirlpak and frozen. Eventually the frozen material will be dried and weighed to calculate a biomass metric.
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Processing Products
When processing is complete, you should have at least the following from one ARMS unit:
• High resolution plate imagery • One jar of bulked 500 µm specimens • One jar of bulked 100 µm specimens • A minimum of three 50 ml falcon tubes containing 10 g of the homogenized scrapings in a preservative • One whirlpak of frozen scrapings
If you do not immediately sort through the ≥ 2 mm size fraction, then you should also have:
• One jar of bulked ≥ 2 mm specimens.
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List of Participants
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Bangladesh Tel: +86 779 2055294 Fax: +86 779 2055294 Professor M. Shahadat Hossain Email: [email protected] Director Dr Zhendong Zhang Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries Associate Researcher University of Chittagong National Marine Environmental Monitoring Chittagong-4391, Bangladesh Center Tel: +88 0 1711 720950 Linghe Street No. 42, Shahekou District Fax: +88 0 31 726310 Dalian, Liaoning Province, China Email: [email protected] Tel: +86 411 84782609 Fax: +86 411 84782532 Mr Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury Email: [email protected] Professor Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries Indonesia University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh Dr A'an Johan Wahyudi Tel: +88 0 1768 222912 Researcher Fax: +88 0 31 2606145 Research Center for Oceanography, Email: [email protected]; Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) [email protected] Jln. Pasir, Putih I, Ancol, Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia Cambodia Tel: +62 821 10369717 Email: [email protected] Mr Meas Rithy Deputy Director of Division Mr Suratno Department of Marine and Coastal Zone Junior Researcher Conservation, Ministry of Environment Ecotoxicology Lab 61Eo, Street 402, Sangkat Tomnobtek Research Center for Oceanography Khan Chamkarmon, Phnom Penh Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Cambodia Jln. Pasir putih I Ancol Timur Jakarta Tel: +85 512 444497 14430, Indonesia Fax: +85 523 216510 Tel: +62 21 64713850 Email: [email protected] Fax: +62 21 64711948 Email: [email protected]; China [email protected]
Dr Qinsheng Wei Dr Muhammad Lukman Assistant Researcher Lecturer and Research Staff Research Center for Marine Ecology Research and Development Centre for First Institute of Oceanography Marine, Coastal and Small Islands State Oceanic Administration of China Marine Science Department Qingdao 266061, China Faculty of Marine Science and Fishery Tel: +86 532 88967316/+86 135 Hasanuddin University 89324046 Jl. P. Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Fax: +86 532 88962016 Makassar 90245 Email: [email protected] Indonesia Tel: +62 411 586997 Mr Haolang Zhou Fax: +62 411 586997 Associate Research Professor Email: [email protected] Guangxi Mangrove Research Center 92 Chang Qing Dong Lu, Beihai Guangxi, China
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Malaysia [email protected]
Dr Zulfigar Yasin Philippines Director, Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS) Dr Maria Lourdes San Diego-McGlone School of Marine and Environmental Professor Sciences The Marine Science Institute Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 University of the Philippines Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Tel: +60 9 6683130 Philippines Fax: +60 9 6683193 Tel: +63 0 922 3944 Email: [email protected] Fax: +63 2 922 3944 Email: [email protected]; Dr Aileen Tan Shau Hwai [email protected] Associate Professor School of Biological Sciences Dr Patrick Cabaitan Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang Assistant Professor Malaysia University of the Philippines – Marine Tel: +60 4 6533508 Science Institute (UPMSI), Velasquez St. Fax: +60 4 6533500 University of the Philippines Email: [email protected] Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines Dr Hii Yii Siang Tel: +63 2 922 3959/922 3921 Associate Professor Fax: +63 2 924 7678 School of Fisheries Science and Email: [email protected] Aquaculture Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Vietnam Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Tel: +60 123 245336 Mr Mai Xuan Dat Fax: +60 966 85002 Researcher Email: [email protected] Institute of Oceanography 01 Cau Da Street, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Dr Yeong Hui Yin Vietnam Research Officer Tel: +84 985 691085 Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences Fax: +84 58 3590034 (IOES) Email: maixuandat [email protected] C308, Institute of Graduate Studies Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Mr Vo Tran Tuan Linh Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Researcher Tel: +60 3 7967 4640 Institute of Oceanography Fax: +60 3 7967 6994 01 Cau Da Street, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa Email: [email protected] Vietnam Tel: +84 583 590203 Dr Sim Kae Shin Fax: +84 908 411914 Lecturer Email: [email protected] Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES) Thailand Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Ms. Duriya Amatavivat Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Deputy Secretary-General, The Thai Tel: +60 3 79676752 National Commission for UNESCO Fax: +60 3 79674178 Director, Bureau of International Email: [email protected]; cooperation, Ministry of Education, Thailand
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Tel: +66 2 6285646 ext. 114 Fax: +66 76 39 1507 Fax: +66 2 2810953 Email: [email protected]
Ms Ratchanin Pongudom Ms Orn-Anong Bundit Foreign Relations Officer Marine Biologist Programme Officer Marine and Coastal Research and Bureau of International Cooperation /The Development Center (Chumphon) Thai National Commission for UNESCO The Central Gulf of Thailand Ministry of Education, Thailand Department of Marine and Coastal Tel: +66 2 6285646 ext. 114 Resources Fax: +66 2 2810953 The Government Complex, 5th floor Email: [email protected] Building B Tel: +66 2 1411333 Dr Somkiat Khokiattiwong Fax: +66 2 1411333 Chair, IOC Sub-Commission for the Email: [email protected] Western Pacific (WESTPAC) Head of Oceanography and Marine Mr Praderm Uttayarnmanee Environment Marine Biologist Phuket Marine Biological Center Marine and Coastal Resources Research 51 Sakdhidej Rd. Muang District Center Phuket 83000 The Central Gulf of Thailand Thailand 9 Moo 7, Na Thung District Tel: +66 76 391128 Chumporn Province 86000 Fax: +66 76 391127 Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 77 505141-2 Fax: +66 77 505143 Dr Suchana Chavanich Email: [email protected]; Associate Professor [email protected] Department of Marine Science Faculty of Science Ms Chiraratn Riamcharoen Chulalongkorn University Marine Biologist Bangkok 10330, Thailand Marine and Coastal Research and Tel: +66 2 218 5394 Development Center Fax: +66 2 255 0780 Lower Gulf of Thailand/Department of Email: [email protected] marine and Coastal Resources 158 Moo 8, Tambon Pawong, Amphoe Ms Varintha Vasinamekhin Mueang, Songkhla 90100 Marine Biologist Thailand Phuket Marine Biological Center Tel: +66 74 312557 51 Sakdhidej Rd. Muang District Fax: +66 74 312557 Phuket 83000, Thailand Email: [email protected] Tel: +66 76 391128, 391438 Fax: +66 76 391127 Ms Suthida Kan-atireklarp Email: [email protected] Senior Researcher Marine and Coastal Resources Research Ms Kingkanjana Sangtunchai Center (The Eastern Gulf of Thailand) Secretary of Thailand-China Joint Department of Marine and Coastal Laboratory for Climate and Marine Resources Ecosystem Tel: +66 86 1513809 Phuket Marine Biological Center Fax: +66 38 661693 51 Sakdhidej Rd. Muang District Email: [email protected] Phuket 83000, Thailand Tel: +66 76 39 1507
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Mr Adirek Meesup Marine Biologist Fisheries Biologist Marine and Coastal Resources Research Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center/Upper Gulf of and Development Center, 309 Moo 1 Thailand, DMCR, 120/1 Moo 6 Paknamprasae, Klang District, Rayong Bangyaprak, Mueang, Samut Sakhon 21170, Thailand 74000, Thailand Tel: +66 91 4084088 Tel: +66 34 497073-4 Fax: +66 38 661693 Fax: +66 34 497073-4 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Mr Chawanon Kalaya Ms Siriporn Pangsorn Marine Biologist Fishing Ground Information Scientist Marine and Coastal Resources Research Capture Fisheries Technology Division and Development Center, the Lower Gulf of Training Department Thailand/DMCR, 158 Moo8, Tambon Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Pawong, Amphoe Mueang Songkhla Center Songkhla 90100, Thailand P.O. Box 97, Prasamut Chedi Tel: +66 74 312557 Samut Prakarn, 10290, Thailand Fax: +66 74 312557 Tel: +66-2-4256100 ext. 144 Email: [email protected] Fax: +66-2-4256110 Email: [email protected] Mr Prathompong Padsorn Marine Biologist USA Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center, DMCR Dr Russell 'Rusty' E. Brainard 309 Moo 1, Paknam Prasae, Klaeng Chief, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division Rayong 21170, Thailand Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Tel: +66 38661 693 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Fax: +66 38661 693 Administration Email: [email protected] NOAA Technical Lead for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management Ms Sirinart Chaisee U.S. Coral Triangle Initiative Fisheries Biologist 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Mail Marine and Coastal Resources Research Room 2247 and Development Center, 309 Moo 1 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA Paknamprasae, Klang District, Rayong Tel: +1 808 725 5419/+1 808 348 3760 21170, Thailand Fax: +1 808 725 5429 Tel: +66 86 0155532 Email: [email protected] Fax: +66 38 661 693 Email: [email protected] Dr Andrew Gilmore Dickson Professor, Marine Chemistry in the Marine Ms Sopa Somboon Physical Laboratory division at the Scripps Marine Biologist Institution of Oceanography, University of Marine and Coastal Resources Research California, San Diego (UCSD) and Development Center/Upper Gulf of MPL 9500 Gilman Drive # 0244 Thailand, DMCR, 120/1 Moo 6 La Jolla CA, 92093-0244 Bangyaprak, Mueang, Samut Sakhon Tel: +1 858 822 2990 74000, Thailand Fax: +1 858 822 2919 Tel: +66 34 497074 Email: [email protected] Fax: +66 34 497074 Email: [email protected] Dr Thomas A. Oliver Ocean and Climate Change Team Lead Ms Wansiri Chuenniyom Coral Reef Ecosystems Division
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Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Resources, 9th Fl. Governmental Complex Research B 120 Chaengwattana NOAA - Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Bangkok 10210, Thailand Center, USA Tel: +66 2 141 1288 Tel: +1 808 725 5444 Fax: +66 2 143 9245 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Dr Ian C. Enochs Assistant Scientist UM/CIMAS, NOAA/AOML 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy Miami, FL 33149, USA Tel: +1 305 361 4399 Email: [email protected]
IOC Paris, France
Dr Kirsten Isensee Consultant Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO 7, place de Fontenoy 75007 Paris, France Tel: +33 0 14568 4008 Email: [email protected]
UNESCO/IOC Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC)
Mr Wenxi Zhu Head of IOC Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO c/o Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, 9th Fl. Governmental Complex B 120 Chaengwattana Bangkok 10210, Thailand Tel: +66 2 141 1287 Fax: +66 2 143 9245 Email: [email protected]
Ms Nachapa Saransuth Programme Assistant IOC Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO c/o Department of Marine and Coastal
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Information Note for Participants
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Dear Participants,
Welcome to Phuket for the Second WESTPAC Training Workshop on “Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems” which will be held from 26 to 28 August 2015 at the Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), Phuket, Thailand. To facilitate your travel preparations, please find below the information on logistic arrangements.
1. Workshop Venue
The workshop will be held at
Phuket Aquarium Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) 51 Moo 8, Tambon Wichit, Mueang, Phuket 83000 Thailand Tel: (66) 76 391 126 Fax: (66) 76 391 406/(66) 76 391 051 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http://phuketaquarium.org/en
Location Maps are attached as Annex A.
2. Hotel Accomodation
To ensure the application of a special room rate set for participants to this workshop, PMBC will provide all participants with the reservation service.
Detailed Information on the hotel and special rate for the workshop could be found below.
Kantary Bay Hotel (1.0 km from the workshop venue)
Address: 31/11 Mu 8, Sakdidej Rd., Cape Panwa Phuket 83000 Thailand Tel: (66) 76 39 1514 Fax: (66) 76 39 1208 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.kantarybay-phuket.com/accom.html
Room Type Special Room Rate No. of Room Guaranteed Studio Suite (Single/Twin) THB1,400 (US$ 41.3) 30 rooms
The special room rate is inclusive of 10% service charge, VAT and breakfast. Free WiFi is available in-room and public areas of the hotel. Check-in time:14:00 p.m.; Check-out time:12:00 p.m. Late Check-Out time: 18.00 p.m., with extra 50% of room rate charged.
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3. Transportation
The Phuket International Airport is located 45.6 kilometers (1 hr without traffic) away fr om the hotel and the workshop venue. Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) will provide assistance on local transportation arrangement between the Phuket International Airport a nd the hotel.
IMPORTANT NOTE!
Please complete the attached Registration Form (Annex B), and send it, via email, to Ms Varintha Vasinamekhim at [email protected] with a copy to Ms Thapupsorn Hnoonim at [email protected] and provide her with required information to ensure either of the hotel room reservation and the transportation arrangement, preferably no later than 9 August 2015. Guideline for Transportation Arrangement is attached as Annex C.
4. Registration
Participants are required to register upon arrival at the workshop venue (Phuket Aquarium) on the morning of 26 August 2015. The registration desk for the Second WESTPAC Training Workshop on “Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems” will open at 08:15 a.m., 26 August 2015, in front of the meeting room on the second floor of the Phuket Aquarium. Please provide your name card to the Secretariat upon registration.
5. Meal
International Buffet Lunch will be provided on all working days, from 26-28 August 2015 from 12:00-13:00 hrs. The place for lunch will be announced at the meeting.
6. Reception
Reception dinners are planned for the evening of 26 and 28 August 2015 for all participants from 18:00-20:30 hrs. The place for dinners will be announced at the meeting.
7. Visa Information
Participants requiring an entry visa to Thailand are strongly advised to apply for it with the Thai Embassy or Consulates in your country as soon as possible in order to secure the required entry visa prior to your departure.
Information on visa requirement and procedure can be found on the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand at http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/services/123.
8. Weather, Time Zone and Currency
Temperature in Phuket in August ranges between 25oC to 32oC. There will be penty of rain but usually falls in a short heacy bursts. In between, the weather is pleasant with comfortable temperatures and a cooling breeze. Participants may need to bring more causal clothing, mosquito lotion or spray if you deem necessary. Current weather conditions can be found at http://www.worldweather.org/en/city.html?cityId=579
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The standard time zone in Thailand is GMT/UTC +7 hours. The currency in Thailand is Thai Baht (THB). The current exchange rate as at July 2015 is US$ 1 = THB 33.89. You can view exchange rates at www.xe.com. Participants are advised to exchange some Thai Baht (THB) prior to your departure, or upon your arrival at the Phuket International Airport. There are four currency exchange counters in the arrival hall and one counter in the departure hall.
9. Electricity
The electrical currents in Thailand are 220 volts with the following electrical outlets:
WESTPAC Office disclaims all responsibilities for medical, accident and travel insurances, for compensation for death or disability compensation, for loss of or damage to personal property and for any other losses that may be incurred during travel time or the period of participation. In this context, it is strongly recommended that participants will secure international medical, accident and travel insurances for the period of participation prior to departure.
Should you have any questions or require any assistance on the logistic arrangements, please feel free to contact:
IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) Ms. Thapupsorn Hnoonim Tel: +66 2 141 1448; Fax: +66 2 143 9245 Cell phone: +66 81 528 8512 Email: [email protected]
Finally, we wish you a pleasant stay in Phuket, the Pearl of Andaman Sea!
IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC)
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Annex A
Location Map (1)
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Location Map (2)
Free shuttle services between the two hotels will be provided every fifteen minutes from 07:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m.
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Annex B
Registration Form Second WESTPAC Training Workshop on Research and Monitoring of the Ecological Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Ecosystems 26-28 August 2015 Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket, Thailand
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Full Name (Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss/Other):
______
Company/Organization:
______
Designation: ______
Specialty/Occupation: ______
Mailing address: ______Country: ______
Postcode: ______Telephone: ______Fax: ______
E-mail address: ______
Do not allow my personal information to be listed in the proceeding
SPECIAL MEAL REQUEST
Vegetarian
Other:______
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ACCOMMODATION
Please note that all the participants who received our sponsor will have to share a room with another person. The organizer will arrange a double room for two people in the same gender with breakfast.
Check in date: ______Check out date:______
ITINERARY: Flight Information
Arrival Date: Airline:
Flight no: Time:
Departure Date: Airline:
Flight no: Time: ____
NOTE:
TRANSPORTATION The organizer will provide support for the airport transfer for the participants on the arrival date of August, 25th 2015 and the departure date of August, 29th 2015.
Signature______
(______)
Date______
*Please complete Registration Form in English, and send it, via e-mail to: Miss Varintha Vasinamekhim E-mail: [email protected] with a copy to Miss Thapupsorn Hnoonim E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 662 141 1448 Fax: 662 143 9245 Please return the completed Registration form, preferably no later than 9 August 2015
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Annex C
Guideline for Transportation Arrangement
Airport Terminal Map
International
Exit Domestic Exit
WESTPAC Ocean Acidification Training Workshop
When you enter the Passenger Hall, please look for our representatives holding up a sign with “WESTPAC Ocean Acidification Training Workshop”. They will be standing in front of the exit from the customs checkpoint of International Arrival Hall.
In case of any problems due to unforeseeable circumstances, please call our mobile for assistance at 66 (0) 83 909 9732 (Ms Varintha) and/or 66 (0) 81 528 8512 (Ms Thapupsorn)
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