DOCSLIB.ORG

Analyse Ausgewählter Objekte Des Bundesinventars Der Auengebiete Von Nationaler Bedeutung

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analyse Ausgewählter Objekte Des Bundesinventars Der Auengebiete Von Nationaler Bedeutung Analyse ausgewählter Objekte des Bundesinventars der Auengebiete von nationaler Bedeutung Masterarbeit im Bereich Gewässerökologie und Flussbau Anita Bianchi Umweltnaturwissenschaften MSc D-USYS, ETH Zürich Leitung: Dr. Christine Weber, EAWAG Betreuung: Cristina Rachelly, VAW, ETH Abgabe: 9. April 2018 Titelbild: Die Sense ist ein Auengebiet von nationaler Bedeutung (hier: Sense bei Thörishaus, eigene Aufnahme vom 10. März 2018). Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ................................................................................................................................................. i Zusammenfassung .............................................................................................................................................. iii Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. iv Riassunto ............................................................................................................................................................. v 1 Einleitung ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Auen als Hotspot der Diversität ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Die Bedeutung der Dynamik ................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Fragestellung und Ziele ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Interdisziplinarität als Kontext ............................................................................................................. 4 2 Daten und Methoden .................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Aufbau der Arbeit ................................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Grundlagen .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 I. Phase – Auenauswahl ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Erste Bereinigung (organisatorisch) .............................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Zweite Bereinigung (projektbezogen) ........................................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Dritte Bereinigung (qualitativ) ..................................................................................................... 10 2.4 II. Phase – Ökologische Untersuchung .............................................................................................. 11 2.4.1 Auswahl der zu untersuchenden Aspekte ................................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Auswahl und Berechnung der ökologischen Indikatoren ............................................................ 11 2.5 III. Phase – Flussbauliche Untersuchung ............................................................................................ 14 2.5.1 Bestimmung des Geschiebedefitizs ............................................................................................. 14 2.5.2 Feldmessung................................................................................................................................ 19 2.6 Zusammenhang zwischen Ökologie und Geschiebedefizit ................................................................ 20 3 Resultate ......................................................................................................................................................21 3.1 I. Phase – Auenauswahl ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Erste Bereinigung ........................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.2 Zweite Bereinigung ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 Dritte Bereinigung ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.2 II. Phase – Ökologische Untersuchung .............................................................................................. 23 3.3 III. Phase – Flussbauliche Untersuchung ............................................................................................ 25 3.3.1 Vorliegende Grundlagen und Auswahl der Auen ........................................................................ 25 3.3.2 Hydraulische Resultate ................................................................................................................ 25 3.3.3 Geschiebedefizit .......................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.4 Charakterisierung der Gewässer ................................................................................................. 26 3.3.5 Korngrössenverteilung ................................................................................................................ 27 3.3.6 Innere Kolmation ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.3.7 Quantitative Ausprägung der Wasserspiegelbreitenvariabilität .................................................. 27 3.4 Zusammenhänge zwischen Ökologie und Geschiebedefizit .............................................................. 29 4 Diskussion ....................................................................................................................................................30 4.1 I. Phase – Auenauswahl ..................................................................................................................... 30 4.2 II. Phase – Ökologische Untersuchung .............................................................................................. 31 4.3 III. Phase – Flussbauliche Untersuchung ........................................................................................... 33 4.4 Zusammenhänge zwischen Ökologie und Geschiebedefizit .............................................................. 36 5 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick ..................................................................................................................37 6 Danksagung ..................................................................................................................................................38 Quellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................................................39 Abbildungsverzeichnis .......................................................................................................................................43 Tabellenverzeichnis ...........................................................................................................................................44 Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen und Symbole .......................................................................................................45 i Glossar ..............................................................................................................................................................47 Verzeichnis der Anhänge ...................................................................................................................................49 Anhänge ............................................................................................................................................................50 ii Zusammenfassung Flussauen sind Hotspots der Biodiversität und wichtige Elemente der Lebensraumvernetzung. Auen in natur- nahen Gewässern weisen eine grosse zeitliche und räumliche Dynamik auf, welche massgebend für die Vielfalt an Lebensräumen ist. Zwei physikalische Grössen kennzeichnen diese Dynamik: die Wasserströmung und der Feststofftransport. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die fehlende Dynamik des Geschiebetransportes als Einflussgrösse auf die Au- enökologie untersucht. An ausgewählten Flussauen des Bundesinventars der Auengebiete von nationaler Be- deutung wird folgende Hypothese getestet: Ein zunehmendes Geschiebedefizit reduziert die Vernetzung und die Lebensraumvielfalt in Auen. Zu diesem Zweck werden die ausgewählten Auen ökologisch und flussbaulich analysiert. Die ökologische Untersuchung der ausgewählten Auen erfolgt mit Hilfe von Landschaftsindikatoren und einer Habitatskartierung basierend auf Luftbildern. Untersucht werden folgende ökologischen Aspekte: Uferlänge, Wasserspiegelbreitenvariabilität, Fragmentierung der auentypischen Vegetation und Habitatdiver- sität innerhalb der gesamten Auenlandschaft. Für die Berechnung des Geschiebetransportes und folglich des Geschiebedefizites wird die Geschiebetransportkapazität berechnet. Dazu werden Daten aus bestehenden Quellen eingesetzt und zum Teil durch eigene Felddaten ersetzt. Zum Schluss wird untersucht, ob und wie sich ein zunehmendes Geschiebedefizit auf ausgewählte ökologische
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Whither Sustainability? Governance and Regional Integration in the Glatt Valley1
    Whither sustainability? Governance and regional integration in the Glatt Valley1 Constance Carr, Ph.D. & Evan McDonough, Ph.D. Candidate Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning University of Luxembourg Luxembourg presented at Regional Studies Association Research Network, “How to govern fundamental Sustainability Transition processes?” 11 July 2014, St. Gallen, Switzerland Abstract This paper problematises the concept and practice of integrative planning – one of the central tenants of sustainability. We contend that, in practice, planning for the broader goal of spatial integration has the effect of producing a fundamentally paradoxical and contradictory social space, a form of urbanisation (or suburbanisation) that reinforces some of the problems which sustainability seeks to address. Drawing on an empirical base of observations of transport integration initiatives in the region of the Glatt Valley, and interview work in the field, this paper examines how integrative spatial planning strategies sanction further fragmentation. Observed in the Glatt Valley were attempts to consolidate infrastructure towards optimising capital accumulation along particular axes of flows. Housing, transport, and economic development were three key areas that required integration. The apparent integration of the region, however, is contrasted against a fragmented field of governance and an ambiguous set of winners and losers. The research confirms that integrative strategies can entrench and exacerbate existing tendencies of fragmented governance, and in fact, generate new rounds of fragmentation with respect to land use and social worlds. Introduction There is not much dispute about the broad definition of sustainable development – that it spans economic, social, and environmental issues, and that while these can be conceived as pillars, concentric circles or a Venn diagram (Rydin 2010), the main goal towards achieving sustainability is the integration these three dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Human-Use Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in The
    Occurrence of human-use antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment (HUMABRA) Research field: Human and veterinary medicine, surveillance and environment Prof. Dr. Walter Giger Occurrence of human-use antibiotics and antibiotic resistance EAWAG, Swiss Federal in the aquatic environment (HUMABRA) Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Ueberlandstrasse 33 Objectives Antibiotics used in human medicine are found at trace concentrations in municipal wastewaters, 8600 Dübendorf and residual amounts reach ambient waters. Aim of the project is to study sources and fate of antibiotics in [email protected] the aquatic environment. 4049-063273 Conclusions New analytical methods allowing qualitative determination of the ß-lactam antibiotics and 0.07.200-30.09.2006 quantitative determination of trace concentrations of the antibiotics fluoroquinolones, macrolides and sul- fonamides in wastewater, sewage sludge and ambient water were developed. For these methods, crucially important were efficient enrichment techniques (solid-phase extraction and accelerated solvent extraction) and liquid chromatography directly coupled to electro spray ionisation mass spectrometry. Dr. Alfredo Alder While representatives from the classes of fluoroquinolones, macrolides and sulfonamides could be quanti- EAWAG, Division Chemical tatively measured in hospital wastewaters, in municipal wastewaters before and after mechanical-biological Pollutants, Dübendorf wastewater treatment as well as in rivers, the highly important ß-lactams could only be detected
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrological Yearbook of Switzerland 2015
    2016 > State of the environment > Hydrological data > Hydrological Yearbook of Switzerland 2015 Discharge, water level and water quality of the Swiss water bodies > Hydrological Yearbook of Switzerland 2015 FOEN 2016 2 Contents Foreword 3 Abstracts 4 Summary 5 1 Notable phenomena in 2015 6 Impressum 2 Weather conditions 13 Issued by Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) The FOEN is an office of the Federal Department of 3 Snow and glaciers 14 the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC). Authors FOEN Hydrology Department 4 Rivers and lakes 16 Weather: Federal Office for Climatology and Meteorology (MeteoSwiss) Snow: WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF) Glaciers: Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, 5 Groundwater 32 and Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) Suggested form of citation FOEN (ed.) 2016: Hydrological Yearbook of Switzerland 2015. Annex 34 Federal Office for the Environment, Bern. Environmental Status no. UZ-1617-E: 36 p. Editing Jacqueline Dougoud, Zurich Translation James Morris Design Magma – die Markengestalter, Bern Cover picture A torrent pouring out of the Faverges glacial lake (Glacier de la Plaine Morte) at the beginning of August 2015. Photo: Matthias Huss, Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg Photo credits Page 15: Matthias Huss, Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg Data basis The hydrological analyses are based on provisional data for 2015. PDF-download www.bafu.admin.ch/uz-1617-e A printed version is not available. This publication is also available in French, German and Italian. Further information and data at www.foen.admin.ch/water © FOEN 2016 > Foreword 3 Foreword The hydrological year 2015 was marked by two significant but very different hydro­ logical events: a week of serious floods from late April to early May and then a long warm and very dry period lasting from the spring until the winter of 2015/16.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavior of Organic Compounds During Infiltration of River Water to Groundwater
    Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 472-479 Behavior of Organic Compounds during Infiltration of River Water to Groundwater. Field Studies Red P. Schwarzenbach,” Walter Giger, Eduard Hoehn,+ and Jurg K. Schnelder Swiss Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control (EAWAG), CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland fields of two rivers, a network of observation wells was The behavior of organic micropollutants during infil- installed that allowed the contaminants in the infiltrating tration of river water to groundwater has been studied at two field sites in Switzerland. In agreement with predic- water to be traced from the river to the groundwater. The tions from model calculations, persistent organic chemicals results of this 2-year field study contribute significantly exhibiting octanol/water partition coefficients smaller than to the limited field data on the behavior of trace organics about 5000 moved rapidly with the infiltrating river water in the groundwater environment (9-11). to the groundwater. The biological processes responsible for the “elimination” of various micropollutants (e.g., al- Theoretical Section kylated and chlorinated benzenes) occurred predominantly Prediction of Retardation Factors for Hydrophobic within the first few meters of infiltration. Alkylated Organic Compounds in the Ground. A rough estimate benzenes were “eliminated” at faster rates than 1,4-di- of the retention behavior of a given hydrophobic organic chlorobenzene. Anaerobic conditions in the aquifer near compound during infiltration may be obtained by treating the river hindered the biological transformation of 1,4- transport through the river bed and in the aquifer in a first dichlorobenzene. Among the compounds that were found approximation as a one-dimensional process with constant to be persistent under any conditions were chloroform, flow in a homogeneous porous medium.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzotriazoles, Alkylphenols and Bisphenol a in Municipal Wastewaters and in the Glatt River, Switzerland
    In Memory of Davide Calamari Emerging Pollutants In Memory of Davide Calamari (Section Editor: Paola Gramatica) Benzotriazoles, Alkylphenols and Bisphenol A in Municipal Wastewaters and in the Glatt River, Switzerland Dimitra Voutsa1,2, Paul Hartmann1, Christian Schaffner1 and Walter Giger1* 1 Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 2 Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece * Corresponding author ([email protected]) In memory of Davide Calamari DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.295 Conclusion. The investigated contaminants occur at quantita- tively measurable but varying concentrations in municipal Abstract wastewaters and in the Glatt River reflecting their ubiquitous input into wastewaters and their different behaviour during bio- Background. Many organic micropollutants occur at trace con- logical wastewater treatment. centrations in municipal wastewater effluents and in the aquatic environment. Some of these xenobiotic chemicals can be con- Keywords: Alkylphenol; benzotriazole; bisphenol A; corrosion sidered as 'emerging' contaminants and some are suspect to inhibitors; endocrine disrupters; nonylphenol; octylphenol; tolyl- have endocrine disrupting effects. Among the latter are non- triazole; xenoestrogens ylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA), which deserve special attention due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the aquatic environment. Introduction The complexing agents benzotriazole (BT) and tolyltriazole (TT) are applied as anticorrosive agents (e.g. in cooling and hy- The complexing agents benzotriazole (BT) and tolyltriazole draulic fluids, in antifreezing fluids, in aircraft deicing fluids, (TT, a mixture of 4- and 5-methyl isomers in benzene ring in dish washing liquids for silver protection), as antifogging of BT) (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study Rhine
    International Commission for the Hydrology of the Rhine Basin Erosion, Transport and Deposition of Sediment - Case Study Rhine - Edited by: Manfred Spreafico Christoph Lehmann National coordinators: Alessandro Grasso, Switzerland Emil Gölz, Germany Wilfried ten Brinke, The Netherlands With contributions from: Jos Brils Martin Keller Emiel van Velzen Schälchli, Abegg & Hunzinger Hunziker, Zarn & Partner Contribution to the International Sediment Initiative of UNESCO/IHP Report no II-20 of the CHR International Commission for the Hydrology of the Rhine Basin Erosion, Transport and Deposition of Sediment - Case Study Rhine - Edited by: Manfred Spreafico Christoph Lehmann National coordinators: Alessandro Grasso, Switzerland Emil Gölz, Germany Wilfried ten Brinke, The Netherlands With contributions from: Jos Brils Martin Keller Emiel van Velzen Schälchli, Abegg & Hunzinger Hunziker, Zarn & Partner Contribution to the International Sediment Initiative of UNESCO/IHP Report no II-20 of the CHR © 2009, KHR/CHR ISBN 978-90-70980-34-4 Preface „Erosion, transport and deposition of sediment“ Case Study Rhine ________________________________________ Erosion, transport and deposition of sediment have significant economic, environmental and social impacts in large river basins. The International Sediment Initiative (ISI) of UNESCO provides with its projects an important contribution to sustainable sediment and water management in river basins. With the processing of exemplary case studies from large river basins good examples of sediment management prac- tices have been prepared and successful strategies and procedures will be made accessible to experts from other river basins. The CHR produced the “Case Study Rhine” in the framework of ISI. Sediment experts of the Rhine riparian states of Switzerland, Austria, Germany and The Netherlands have implemented their experiences in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling Biocide and Herbicide Concentrations in Catchments of the Rhine Basin
    Modelling biocide and herbicide concentrations in catchments of the Rhine basin Supplementary material Andreas Moser1, Devon Wemyss1#, Fabrizio Fenicia1, Mark Honti2, Ruth Scheidegger1, Christian Stamm1* 1 Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland 2 MTA-BME Water Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary # Current address: ZHAW School of Management and Law, Winterthur, 8400, Switzerland * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Content: Part I: Model description A1: CrossWater model framework A2: Conceptual model of the spatial representation. Part II: Input data, study area A3: Model compounds A4: Data sources for weather and discharge data A5: Maps of the source areas A6: Statistical relationships between population density, façade area and roof areas A7: Overview about the calibration and validation catchments A8: Prior distributions for the model parameters A9: River segments for the Aquasim application Part III: Results A10: Calibrated model parameters A11: Time-series of predicted and observed concentrations A12: Cumulative distributions of predicted and observed concentrations A13: Statistical metrics of model performance References 2 Part I: Model description Appendix A1: CrossWater model framework Input Model step Output Time series Q, T, P for every subcatchment (txt) Preprocessing iWaQa input data Generate HDF5 table with all input and parameters per input data for the iWaQa subcatchment (h5) GIS data model agricultural and urban land use, subcatchments
    [Show full text]
  • Szenarien Für Die Extremen Hochwasser Des Rheins Bei Basel
    Szenarien für die extremen Hochwasser des Rheins bei Basel Das Hochwasser am Rhein bei Basel vom 12./13. Mai 1999, Foto: Dominique Hinden Auftraggeber: Bundesamt für Wasser und Geologie (BWG) Bericht: 03/38 Reinach, September 2004 Scherrer AG, Hydrologie und Hochwasserschutz, Stockackerstrasse 25, CH-4153 Reinach, Tel. ++41 61 713 24 80 www.scherrer-hydrol.ch Szenarien extremer Hochwasser des Rheins bei Basel Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung und Problemstellung....................................................................................... 2 2 Analyse vergangener Hochwasser.................................................................................... 4 2.1 Einleitung.............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Entstehung der Hochwasser von 1978, 1994 und 1999..................................................... 6 2.2.1 Niederschlag.................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Verlauf der Hochwasser .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.3 Fliesszeiten...................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.4 Beitrag der Teil-Einzugsgebiete an der Hochwasserspitze des Rheins bei Rheinfelden................. 7 2.2.5 Die Rolle der Seen bei grossen Hochwassern am Beispiel von Bodensee
    [Show full text]
  • Accepted Version
    NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Environ Sci Technol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 March 14. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Environ Sci Technol. 2008 September 1; 42(17): 6369–6377. Occurrence and Mass Flows of Fluorochemicals in the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland CARIN A. HUSET†,‡, AUREA C. CHIAIA†, DOUGLAS F. BAROFSKY†, NIELS JONKERS§,||, HANS - PETER E. KOHLER§, CHRISTOPH ORT§, WALTER GIGER§, and JENNIFER A. FIELD*,⊥ Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, and Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland Abstract Fluorochemicals are persistent contaminants that are globally distributed in air, water, sediments, and biota. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in mitigating pollutant releases from municipalities to aquatic and terrestrial environments. However, because WWTPs are point sources of fluorochemicals, it is important to understand their contribution to fluorochemical burdens in the greater context of watersheds. To this end, over a 1 week period, the mass flows of 11 fluorochemicals from seven WWTPs that discharge effluent into the Glatt River in Switzerland were measured and compared to the measured mass flows within the Glatt River. Overall, the fluorochemicals were not removed efficiently during wastewater treatment. Effluents from WWTPs and Glatt River water were dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonate, which was detected in all samples, followed by perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate. The mass flows of fluorochemicals emanating from WWTPs were found to be conserved within the 35 km Glatt River, which indicates that input from the WWTPs is additive and that removal within the Glatt River is not significant.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Plan Migratory Fish Rhine
    Master Plan Migratory Fish Rhine Report No. 179 Imprint Publisher: International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) Kaiserin-Augusta-Anlagen 15, D 56068 Koblenz P.O. box 20 02 53, D 56002 Koblenz Telephone +49-(0)261-94252-0, Fax +49-(0)261-94252-52 Email: [email protected] www.iksr.org ISBN 978-3-941994-09-6 © IKSR-CIPR-ICBR 2009 Report 179e.doc Internationale Kommission zum Schutz des Rheins International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine Commission Internationale pour la Protection du Rhin Internationale Commissie ter Bescherming van de Rijn Master Plan Migratory Fish Rhine ICPR report no. 179 1. Initial conditions ..................................................................................... 2 2. Background............................................................................................ 3 3. Already implemented measures for anadromous migratory fish...................... 5 4. Measures planned for anadromous migratory fish in the different sections of the Rhine.................................................................................................... 6 4.1 River Continuity and Habitats...................................................................... 6 4.1.1 Delta Rhine............................................................................................ 6 4.1.2 Lower Rhine........................................................................................... 7 4.1.3 Middle Rhine .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Flood Frequencies in Switzerland Since 1500
    Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1581–1594, 2010 www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/14/1581/2010/ Hydrology and doi:10.5194/hess-14-1581-2010 Earth System © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Sciences Changes in flood frequencies in Switzerland since 1500 P. Schmocker-Fackel1,* and F. Naef2 1Mountain Hydrology and Torrents, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Switzerland 2Institute for Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich,¨ ETHZ, Switzerland *now at: Hydrology Division, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Bern, Switzerland Received: 21 December 2009 – Published in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 21 January 2010 Revised: 6 July 2010 – Accepted: 12 July 2010 – Published: 17 August 2010 Abstract. In northern Switzerland, an accumulation of large 1 Introduction flood events has occurred since the 1970s, preceded by a prolonged period with few floods (Schmocker-Fackel and Large floods occurred in northern Switzerland in 1977, Naef, 2010). How have Swiss flood frequencies changed 1978, 1999, 2005 and 2007. This flood-rich period was over the past 500 years? And how does the recent increase preceded by a period with relatively few floods (1940–1970) in flood frequencies compare with other periods in this half (Schmocker-Fackel and Naef, 2010). Another accumulation millennium? We collected historical flood data for 14 Swiss of large flood events in this region was observed in the sec- catchments dating back to 1500 AC. All catchments experi- ond half of the 19th century (Rotlisberger,¨ 1991). Can we enced marked fluctuations in flood frequencies, and we were identify other periods of high or low flood frequencies dur- able to identify four periods of frequent flooding in northern ing the last 500 years? How does the recent flood-rich period Switzerland, lasting between 30 and 100 years (1560–1590, fit in with this context? And is it possible to explain flood 1740–1790, 1820–1940 and since 1970).
    [Show full text]
  • National Long-Term Surveillance of Swiss Rivers
    Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 28 1101–1106 Stuttgart, July 2002 National long-term surveillance of Swiss rivers A. Jakob, E. Binderheim-Bankay and J. S. Davis Introduction Rhine (IKSR), the Global Environment Monitoring System – United Nations Environment Pro- The “National Long-term Surveillance of Swiss Riv- gram/World Health Organization (GEMS- ers” (NADUF) programme was initiated in 1972 as UNEP/WHO)). a cooperative project between three institutes: the The NADUF network of sampling stations Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and includes locations on all the major rivers of Switzer- Landscape (BUWAL), the Swiss Federal Institute for land. Chemical–physical data are collected at 19 sta- Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG) tions (Fig. 1) selected to provide a representative and the Federal Office for Water and Geology overview of Swiss rivers. The locations include all (BWG). The program conducts the surveillance and rivers flowing out of Switzerland, the main tributar- evaluation of the chemical–physical state of Swiss ies to major lakes, and catchment areas at a range of rivers. altitudes extending from the Alps to the Swiss Pla- The goals of NADUF serve both national and teau. In addition, several heavily polluted river sec- international interests. The main national goal is to tions, of particular interest in water protection evaluate the effectiveness of water protection mea- efforts, are also sampled. The sampling modes sures. In addition, NADUF provides both basic data employed depend on the parameter group. Selected and sampling facilities for scientific studies on issues physical parameters are continuously measured with associated with river water. At the international level, electrodes.
    [Show full text]