PoS(SSC2015)001

http://pos.sissa.it/ awa, Poland awa, z

1 @camk.edu.pl [email protected] We We pay homage to the memory of Janusz Kałużny, accomplished photometrist, member of the Group, Saltfounder Scienceand Working leader of the CASE project, a person truly warm and friendly. Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Creative of by author(s)Copyright the terms the the under owned

Speaker 1  4.0). 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND License Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives SALT Science Conference 2015 -SSC2015- Science Conference SALT June,1-5 2015 Africa South Study, Advanced Institute of Stellenbosch E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: sarna E-mail: Michał Różyczka Center Astronomical Copernicus Nicolaus Academy of Sciences Polish 18, 00-716 Wars Bartycka Str. Marek J. Marek Sarna Center Astronomical Copernicus Nicolaus Academy of Sciences Polish Poland 18, 00-716 Warszawa, Bartycka Str. Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015): career activities career and Kałużny Janusz (1955-2015): PoS(SSC2015)001

In and a sys- photo- M It was at the clusters – a defended was serving the SALT globular which granted him a Since then . [2] the same year, in which the Observational Aspects of the Marek J. Sarna and Michał J. Różyczka Sarna Marek He got acquainted with the then new 1980 – . Ph.D. thesis member of the SSWG, developed interest in astronomy while still in 2 In the same year he began studying astronomy at The country was in its deepest post-war econo- researcher at the Warsaw University Observatory. University Observatory. researcher at theWarsaw at Kitt ThePeak successObservatory. came quickly a spent the first years of his life in Świnoujście, a small

e h Whenever the weather looked promising he departed to doctorate. His

written under the supervision of K. Stępień, Nicolaus CopernicusAstronomical Center at the Baltic sea. He He obtained his M. Sc. in

appointed as graduated in 1974. decided to focus on old open clusters first, and was granted appreciable , and conceived the long-term project CASE (ClusterAgeS Experiment) SpaceScience Telescope Institute. . observing station where some a 30 60 km cmfrom Warsaw, telescope was [3] forming in fronts of shops due to the general shortage of food and industrial In the next year he became a [1] on the #1 0.9-m telescope he moved to the lines 1985 , from which he Ostrowik long Each aspect of everyday life was full of stress – from propaganda pouring out of mass 2000 in north-western Poland In Within CASE, he elaborated and implemented a method of age and distance deter- Back in Poland he was While at STScI, he proposed to observe eclipsing binary systems in The next two years Janusz spent together with his family in Baltimore, where he held a Janusz was butborn in Warsaw, ducation and career ducation and E full professorship. mination for globular clusters based on observations of detached eclipsing binaries, originally proposed by Bohdan Paczynski. Together with hisenabling toteam verify thehe theory collectedof structure aand evolutionunique of Populationset membershipproper motions. of from mination cluster II ofstars, and data the deter- The launch of OGLE opened a long and Campanas veryObservatory fruitfulwhich hecollaboration wasof frequently Januszvisiting withfor thethe nextLCOLas where twohe discovered decades.his first eclipsing binaries in a globular cluster – eight W U tems in NGC 4372 collaborationwithinObservatories conducted Carnegie metry of stellar clusters – both open and globular – became his main scientific specialty and his lifelong passion. early 90s thanks to his photometric skills he became one of the founding fathers of the famous OGLE project which has brought innumerable discoveries in nearly all fields of astronomy. subject regarded widely as hopeless. His first applications forInstead of giving upobserving he time were rejected. amounts of time – in late 1985 he discovered three new contact binaries in NGC 188 published inpublished postdoc position at the observational technique – the CCD photometry – and quickly mastered it to perfection, beco- worldwide. one best the photometrists of ming housed. media to goods. But Janusz did not yield.Ostrowik, to collect data for his Evolution of Contact Binaries, Solidarity Movement swept through Poland. mical crisis, and doing astronomy sounded totally abstract. In fact, a few brightest Polish astro- at introduced law facethe martial to stayed soon who Those were West. emigrated to the nomers the end specialof A permit1981. had to be obtained each time one of the astronomers intended to visit the 1. town high school the University of Warsaw. Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015) Janusz PoS(SSC2015)001

it un- type a- globular M was ZAMS mentioned destruction of

prestigious [5] and possibly the . and discussed

the as ( realized realized col- in their uc – anusz searched six ere J W UMas NGC 188 because astronomical objects to a-type stars, an evolved hree M was leading to typebinaries ishinstitutions He was a firm supporter of least as low projects w of secular changes in cluster's ol : various Cen and 47 T dynamical evolution his Marek J. Sarna and Michał J. Różyczka Sarna Marek he space density of W U ω said T the . In 2007 he obtained

In another [6]paper s ); iii) The Optical Gravitational Lensing CCD observations of GCs and old open [4] analyzed sample lie close analyzed close tosample lie and various andP In addition to the t a low-luminosity X-ray source in the ω Cen the understanding ted repancy between the cosmological age of the . mass-radius mass-luminositydiagrams. and mass-radius was found to be at obvious first target sc primary components of fivesystemsdeviateof primary components 3 and OC the as well as processes ir on star

from he ed T systems stars containing Janusz ra. I Darragh O'Donoghue c ha crucial to evidence evidence that absolute parameters of 18 W Uma- W parameters 18 absolute of are is STS at in the solar neighborhood. majority of majority

within the cluster . . there CCD search for faint variables in derived cluster than) stars to vary on a time scale of a few days; among ofthem on Comtimefew likely varyFKto scale a a a stars the W UMa-type contact Cen, 47 Tuc and old open cluster. Many of of Many cluster. openold and Tuc 47 Cen, while while the three ω i) evolutionary status of W UMa-type binaries; ii) CCD photometric obser- multiple research interests, from photometry of distribution d

that o variables with B amplitudes greater than 0.003-0.008 mag were found among attempt – a During his stay ir d known N times lower collaboration with M. S In a summary, the authors suggest that we may see, in one open cluster, the three The included

. four next on both diagrams,both on s they found they found

He published nearly 300 papers and supervised eight Ph.D. students. His most important In his PhD thesis he thesishisPhD In he Janusz ha among 1550 stars with similar luminosity in 47 Tuc. His cientific interests and achievements cientific interests CCD photometry of old open and globular cluster open oldand globular of CCD photometry

Evolutionary status of W UMa-type binaries W Evolutionarystatus of S 200 stars with M ≤ + 7.5 in the field he evolutionary status ofsystemsbashestatus evolutionarythese up to eight successful. 2 nor binaries in the outer parts of ω Cen and 47Tuc clusters in hosted above variable. important sequential stages in contact binary evolution: normal W U star. Comae-type FK anbinary and longer-period Close binary stars or, more generally, binaries, cluster drive and/or ejection from populations. He He conclude in five stars. relationstypicalmain from fulfilled by sequence 2.2 laboration with scientists from from scientists withCanada, Chile USA, laboration 2.1 t spectroscopy of close binary systems as standard candles in globular Hiscluster. main research interests vations of globular and old open clusters (GC Experiment (OGLE) and iv) The Cluster AgeS Experiment (CASE): age clusters:globular and distance of the universe and the age of the oldest globular clusters Foundation Polish for from Science. the "Mistrz" (Master) award 2. nusz's activity in SSWG board, late SALT from the beginning, and an honest, even brutal, critic in latter years. I felt his criticism a positive was contribution scientific achievement was the removal of a di Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015) Janusz community with his experience, engagement and – if necessary – criticism. Summarizing Ja- PoS(SSC2015)001

n i was Less than a proposed that if The The scientific yield [9] on-detection of even a ski N n also operate on stars in near-real near-real time. a ould Marek J. Sarna and Michał J. Różyczka Sarna Marek data in . Because the probability of a star being as a probe of the dark, unseen matter in thedark, matter unseen our of probe a as es 4 [9],[10] small, only a large scale photometric survey in ski huge amounts of n

. a-type binaries. [7],[8]. [7],[8]. a-type binaries. M is extremely gravitational microlens gravitational method to reduce

ing t three were expected among the 1600 stars examined. The authors u is suitable to search for microlensing events. Paczy s to 2006 Janusz was involved in -DIRECT another projectlarge-scale whose aim first candidate microlensing event in the direction of the Galactic Bulge Presently OGLE detects such events at a rate of a few per day. day. per of few events rate a OGLE at a Presentlydetects such n efficient . at a given moment ed 1996 [12] the Galactic Bulge. Bulge. theGalactic DIRECT project DIRECT luded that contact binaries are at least as rare in the observed open clusters as they are in to determine direct distances to M31 and M33 – using detached eclipsing binaries and Photometry of other clusters (e. g., NGC 2112, NGC 2266, NGC 2355, NGC 2420, NGC c The The The OGLE The Experiment Optical Gravitational Lensing–

4 calibration - a major step towards very accurate determination of the Hubble constant. Like in the case of OGLE, the search for suitable variables required extensive time-series photometry of These two galaxies are evolvingstepping universestones atto mostlarge ofscales. ourThey currentaredistance scale, and foreffort constrainingessential population synthesis models tofor early to galaxy formation and under-stand thethe calibration of theevolution. There extragalactic is one simple requirement for all this: accurate distances.offer Eclipsinga binaries single-step distance determination, and may therefore provide an accurate zero point 2. From was Cepheids [13]. year later, the reported of the project includes discoveries of extrasolar planets, Kuiper Belt objects, and innumerable variable stars of all kinds. It is far too large to be described here; interested readers are referred to the http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl/ web site Lensing Experiment (OGLE). Its ultimate aim was to detect a statistically significant number of microlensing events towards the Galactic Bulge. The microlensing survey of1992 the Bulge, designed to test the ability toobservations monitor millions of stars over a represented a pilot described the technical features theof project; The first long period of OGLE [11] time. paper particular – a dense stellar field the Galactic halo is made of massive compact objects chancethen of anybeing stronglystar micro-lensed. inThe sameLMC phenomenon orw SMC has a of front AprilIn 1992 a long-term observational project was sterted, called the Optical Gravitational 2.3 The us possibility of Galaxy was originally proposed by Paczy microlens great age being the parameter that determines whether a cluster is rich binaries. clusterisrich in contacta whether beingtheparameter determines agethat great 6791, NGC 7044, Be 32, King 2, K11, Be 39,Tombaugh 2) distanceproduced data determination.enabling ageAdditionally, and 18 short-period variables U W being12 2;them of Tombaugh were found in Be 39 and detected, while abo con the field, and – again – that they may be significantly more rare. So uniqueUMa in starsW havingamong seven its 300 brightest members. far, NGC 188 remained single W UMa star among 545 members in the somewhat older cluster Mel 66 argued against Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015) Janusz old and intermediate-age open clusters for contact binaries. Not a single W UMa binary was PoS(SSC2015)001

B- . The orbital 3.5 and [15] 1500 and ±

<18.5 Gyr, ([Fe/H], ± t Chaboyer & Chaboyer eff Their masses T and the = eff T (age – turnoff mass) , and then use the Ste- Once the inclination is the . um 2 , 1 l automatically follow. automatically Marek J. Sarna and Michał J. Różyczka Sarna Marek 1,2 <16.7 Gyr and 12.9< OGLEGC 17 in ω Cen g calibrations of the components t R was the order of 1-2% for a wide range of n estimated from way o be 9.1< , and efefctive temperatures 37,000 54 kpc). This pioneering result was based on 5 ⊙ by CASE [16] and, independently, by by and,independently, [16] by CASE absolute radiiabsolute ± R is less direct. One possiblity is to estimate effective then apply bolometric corrections to absolute visual

were derived usin 0.3 and relative luminosities and ± derived this A / 2 , two O7 main-sequence stars, with masses 33.4 . 1 to estimete distance and distance modulus using the infrared r 1,2 V he age of this system, Fromthelatter, T 0.12 mag (964 ± ). sisted of 0.4 and 8.8 ± V-K con with the distance bolometric luminosities

, relative radii i S ([Fe/H], , radii 12.3 eff based on the dereddened color index or from the spectr ⊙ units.in absolute T s The binary A = M eff rom radial velocity curves one may obtain masses 1500 K. Using BVRJHKs photometry for the flux calibration, the authors obtained a T

± 3.3 versus versus surface relation,brightness ± The first DEB The Cluster AgeS Experiment – CASE Experiment AgeS– The Cluster and

5 ) magnitudes of the components M the magnitudes components of bolometric luminosities of the components V relation and from the M-L diagram was refined this Next result was year foundrespectively. t separation separation Determination of temperature Anotherfan-Boltzman way law. is culor spectral types. To attain such accuracyspectral fortypes. To a given system one needs: i) precise light curves with good coverage of both eclipses; ii) radial velocity curves allowing determination of K1 and K2 semi-amplitudes with an accuracy better than 1%. From light curves solution mine:one mayinclination deter- known, f likely reason for the discrepancy was the comparison of nearby the population effects. of understanding imperfect stars with distant stars, with CASE avoided these difficulties by measuring stellar masses and radii in DEBS – detached eclipsing binaries which at the same time are double-line spectroscopic systems. and radii can be measured directly with an accuracy o cluster ages from color-magnitude diagram data had been the distance error, stellar followedmodel uncertainties associated with the choiceThe of hopes the mixing bylength parameter. the that Hipparcos would resolve based on gaveHipparcos subdwarfs valuea of determinations the of Tuc modulus distance to 47 the distance issue 13.57 mag, had while the value not based on Hipparcos been red clump fulfilled.giants was 13.32 Formag. The most example, Parallel with DIRECT Janusz started his own long-term project determineCASE whoseaccurate goal ageswas to and distances of globular clusters. In theasreally reconciliation timely, of globular cluster ages 90sand the Hubble time was asuch primary issue an initiative was of theHeretofore, observationalthe astronomy. largest uncertainty in the calculation of globular 35,600 distance modulus of 24.92 observations obtained with 1.2-m FLWO, 2.1-m KPNO, 3.5-m WIYN, 8-m Gemini, and 10-m telescopes.II Keck 2. of stellar objects. stellar of Several DIRECT papers co-authored by Janusz contained catalogs of variables in M33 and M31, and reported the first succesful distance determination to a detached eclipsing binary in M33 [14]. 30.0 Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015) Janusz large areas of the target galaxies, yielding magnitudes and positions for hundreds of thousands PoS(SSC2015)001

, for ⊙ are reported most probable age – its forV66; and 0.8655±0.0097 ⊙ heir radii are 1.147±0.010 and T Marek J. Sarna and Michał J. Różyczka Sarna Marek V65, V66, and V69 respectively. respectively. The problem of the discre- for V69. ⊙ 6 observations of for V65; 0.7842±0.0045 and 0.7443±0.0042 M ⊙ were derived, and are being made available to the s As a by-product, proper motion data for a few hundred non-coevality of star offormation. non-coevality 11.10±0.67 Gyr , With a very few exceptions, masses and radii of the components of theof andthe components massesof radii few veryexceptions, a With . . For example, in M4 globular cluster for V69. The The distanceV69. to for M4 was found to be 1.82±0.04 kpc (in good ag- did not to live not did it... see [18] ⊙ nteresting patterns begin towhich seem emerge, to suggest that we begin to of forV66; 0.9347±0.0048 and 0.8298±0.0053 R ⊙ the long-suspected thelong-suspected yielding 11.8±0.6 and members [17], d 11.2 – 11.3 Gyr – 11.3 11.2 y now CASE has published numerous papers presenting catalogs of variable stars in various In other clusters i directly observe directly Janusz Unfortunately, V66; and 0.7665±0.0053 and 0.7278±0.0048 M R 0.6110±0.0092 and 0.8074±0.0080 R reement with recent estimates based on entirely different methods), and to be astronomical community. astronomical community. surveyed DEBS are derived with an accuracy better than 1%, allowing to estimate ages with an error margin of ~1 Gyr. with orbital periods of 2.29, 8.11, and 48.19 days, Therespectively. masses of the components are 0.8035±0.0086 and 0.6050±0.0044 M pancy between the Hubble time and the age of globular clusters was solved. clusters time was and globular the Hubbleof between the age pancy B clusters, and several papers devoted to age and distance determination for ω Cen, 47 Tuc, M4, M55, NGC 6253 and NGC 6362. thousan Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015) Janusz Krauss PoS(SSC2015)001

at ns I saw I green when when He was very er was to be v urist and kayaker o tions. It happe a Asked about his most ould prompt the Polish flashing that famous “ Marek J. Sarna and Michał J. Różyczka Sarna Marek I vividly remember the moment vividlyremember I

7 s health rapidly deteriorated. For the last two months It is easy to imagine that he c have a lot of satisfaction when an interesting binary hi , 2015. We lost an unequaled observer, and a warm and but he did not devote himself to it entirely. th always [19] . . on March 6 next CASE cluster. cluster. next CASE to decipher behaves exactly according to my expect y away the the friends ing time among friends. At the beginning of 2015 d ight for the first time. Most studentsastronomy know it but textbooks from at only, l M12 - M12 - The star's superb, star's The odiacal z Astronomy meant much for him, In the eyes of the eyes In . of his life he was too weak to come to the institute, but almost until his last on working day he continued Janusz passed humor. of full friend good-hearted why we can't drink to theladies weto can't why drink closer incalculably who are but hospitals, was treatment in various he had 5 ill andfell to undergo years ago Janusz about an impatient patient: he preferred to stay at home with his family and to work as long as it was only possible. A new star has been discovered, beennew star has A gotten havemeanthat brighter things doesn't which has been that appeared. something missing orwe've (…) reason that's but no such moments that I jump out of joy in my chair. jump my inchair. joy Iof out moments that such fond of his three grandchildren, loved jazz and classical music, was a keen t willingly spen writingwhileshe Prize) was the Nobel (winner of Szymborska Wisława poet the Even more one can see it with no difficulty. the sky is dark and very clear, Las Campanas, where splendidly looks the Sun when it sets straight flash”.into Andthe at Pacific,the telescope? I whose properties I tr 3 At the telescope and at theapproved by computerhim, had heto be ofwas highestAt quality. theextremely same time,meticulous. he neverWhate stopped to be a true fan of astronomy for whom the starry sky is a source of strong emotions. said: runs, Janusz from memoriesobserving pleasant Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015) Janusz PoS(SSC2015)001

AJ AJ ω ω 861 Acta , 1992, , 2001, 121, , , 785 ,.155 95 AJ , 1993, , , L63 1 265 AJ The DIRECT The DIRECT , Cluster NGC Cluster 313 371 , ASP Conference ASP , DIRECT The First , 200 et al.et 1 35, ApJ , , 1988, , 313 304 Globular 652

594 ApJ ApJ , 1991,

, ApJ, http://inwardboundpoetry.blogspot.com 328 Marek J. Sarna and Michał J. Różyczka Sarna Marek Acta Astron. Acta Kaluzny, J. et al., J. et Kaluzny, , 1986, J. 2006, ApJ, Variable stars in the old open the stars cluster in old Variable Variables in the the in Variables , 1985, ASP Conference Proceedings Conference ASP , , 1988, Sasselov, Sasselov, D. 8 Photometry and Spectroscopy of Eclipsing Binariesin of Eclipsing and Spectroscopy Photometry The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The Optical Gravitational Lensing The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment The Optical Gravitational Lensing A CCD search for faint variables the of faint and in field for CCD search A , Mateo, Mario Macri, L45 L45 et al. et et al., al., et M. L. L. Discovery of 12 short-period eclipsing binaries in old the open Discovery binaries of eclipsing 12 short-period ny ny , 49 567 z Centauri: A Unique Window into Astrophysics into Window Unique A Centauri: Cluster AgeS of Experiment and distance the (CASE): The age Cluster u l ω 262 , ApJ, ApJ, 43 Theoretical uncertainties in the subgiant mass-age relation and the and the mass-age relation in uncertainties subgiant the Theoretical Kudritzki, Kudritzki, Contact Binaries and SX Phe Contact 145 , Krzeminski, Krzeminski,

, transl. S., transl. Barańczak C. and Cavanagh, Krzeminski, Krzeminski, R. 2002, ski, J. Ka ski, 85 AJ W. , 155 n MNRAS W. W. The Discovery of Six New Short-period Variables in the Old Open Cluster NGC Cluster in Old Open NGC the of New Variables The Discovery Six Short-period A CCD survey for contact binaries in six open clusters survey for binaries in open contact six CCD A , 7 42 , The Clusters Ages Experiment(CASE). V. Analysis of three eclipsing binaries eclipsing in the Analysis of three Experiment(CASE).Ages V. The Clusters 264 Surplus ny, M. Potter, A. F. Moffat, Moffat, F. A. M. Potter, ny,

Stanek, Stanek, , 585 1993, z , 2013, , AcA u Gravitational Microlensing of the Galactic bulge of Galactic the stars Gravitational Microlensing Centauri determined from observations of OGLEGC eclipsing binary the observations 17 determined from Centauri Krzeminski l

Mazur, Mazur,

K. K. Gravitational Microlensing by halo Galactic the Gravitational Microlensing Kaluzny, Kaluzny, 314 39 M. Szymanski, J. Kaluzny ω

ω Centauri, ω 253 J. B. B. W. Evolutionary Status of W UMa-type Binaries StatusEvolutionary UMa-type of W ski, ski, ski, ski, n ny et al., al., et ny 42 MNRAS, n 1992, z ApJ, ApJ, ny, I. Thompson, W. Krzemiński, al., et W. Thompson, I. ny, ny, ny, M. Shara, ny, ny, ny, 289 , 2002, in proceedings of , 2002, in of proceedings , u z z z l u u u 93 l l l luz 43 Bonanos, Kubiak, Kaluzny, Kaluzny, , 19 A. 3089 , 1987, M. J. ] B. Chaboyer, L. M. Krauss, L. ] Chaboyer, B. ] J. Ka ] I. B. Thompson, J. Kałużny al., et Thompson, J. ] B. I. ] A. Udalski, M. Szyma M. Udalski, A. ] Udalski, A. ] Omega Centauri, A Unique Window into Astrophysics into Window Unique A Omega Centauri, Centauri 7 5 1 2 ] M.Shara, J. Ka ] M.Shara, ] J. Ka ] J. Ka ] J. Ka 18 16] J. Kaluzny, I. B. Thompson, Photometry and Centauri,Thompson, Eclipsing Spectroscopy Photometry in of Binaries 2002, ω B. I. 16] J. Kaluzny, 5 1 2 3 [19] W. Szymborska, Szymborska, W. [19] [1 of absolute age [ M4 cluster globular [1 cluster globular 121 [ in Astron., Astron., J. M.; Kaluzny, D.; Krockenberger, D. Macri, Z.; M.; Sasselov, L. K. Stanek, [13] Nearby Objects I. Part of of Galaxies. M33 in Catalogs Stellar The Central Project: [14] Determination a Detached in Binary Distance M33 to Eclipsing [10] B. Paczy[10] [1 Atron., Acta [1 Galactic the Bulge of Event Micorlensing of First inDiscovery the Direction the Candidate cluster Berkeley cluster [8] 2 Tombaugh B. Paczy[9] [ and in 47 Tucanae source, low-luminous X-ray Centauri M. Shara, J. Kaluzny, [6] [7] 4372 J. Ka[4] ω 155 Series, [ [ 188 [ Janusz Kałużny (1955-2015) Janusz References