The Work for Education of the Hon E. Lyulph Stanley, Later Fourth Baron Stanley of Alderly, Fourth Baron SheEld
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Durham E-Theses The work for education of the Hon E. Lyulph Stanley, later fourth Baron Stanley of Alderly, fourth Baron Sheeld Jones, A. W. How to cite: Jones, A. W. (1968) The work for education of the Hon E. Lyulph Stanley, later fourth Baron Stanley of Alderly, fourth Baron Sheeld, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9635/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Ah aljstract of aa l-IoSdo thenio by Ao'.J. Jonos entitled Tho :.ogIs for education of the Eon. J. UTulph .Stanleys later gpurth Jiaron Stanley of .Udorloya I'ourth Saion aheffield I^mlph Stanley (I83i^l925) devoted hie life to the dovo- lopment of a national systois of education under ad hoc civic authorltieso Sduoated at Jto2 and Salliol and emhraciiss an uncompromising radicalissi he sussisted in attempts to divest OxSoTi of sectarian influence hofore joining the School Board for Londono So successful ?ere his efforts at initiating school building fvom 1879 to I885 that those years tiitnesoed more hoard school accommodation opened in London than the ttro greatest provincial hoards constructed in three decadeso The Cross ComnioQion Erbended Hinority Seport was basically his wrk and the l7ational Education Association, a pressure group opposed to the Majority's rocommendations and vigilant in the defence of school boards* rights ^^qs laxgoly controlled by him until I898. His Vice-Chaiisnanship of the SoBoLo (1897-1904) was narked by the crisis associated >'trf.th tho ' Cockerton Judgments', snd this crisis may have been esacorbatod by his ovQ forthrightness. After tho abolition of school boards, he Tiorked for education in Anglesey, on the Central IJoloh Board and in the House of Lordso Throughout his career, during tfliioh ho produced over thirty publications, ho persistently saw the elementally school as the institution from triiich the system should grot? and improved teaoheav-training as the means of raising standardso I3valuating his tiork prompts these tentative conclusionos- (a; the financial Tioakness of voluntary schools (o<.l880= 1902) sprang from the meannoss of their supporters xxhose motives were often unrelated to furthering Christian education (bj the Jepartmont on occasion adainisterod tho Slenentaiy Education Acts with an ozcessive leniency totfards denominational schools (o/ in the oountsyoide the Bcpartaent could h&vo (i) created Qoro suitable unita by amaLgasiating small school boards and (ii) prevonted tho uzmscessary multiplication of small schools (d) some of tho administrative units created in 1$02 xrere over^laige (©) the development of the best elementaiy schools was sometimes thi-mrted until too late (e.g« in London) thereby rendering "parity of esteem" less likely in subsequent r©- organisationso Cojtyi^kt Britisli Musem The work for education of tk Hon. [. iyulph Stanley, later Fourth baron Stankj of Mderiej^ Fourlti daron Shefketd A thesis juLmitted hy A. W. Jones u> part Fulfdnmt of the rejuitements For tke c^ree of Master of Education Univ^rsitj of Dorham The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. lii CONTMTS Page List of Illustrations iv Acknowledgments V Chapter One Origins and Early Years Two Service on the School Board for London, 1876-1885 34 Three On the Cross Commission, I886-I888 79 Four The Struggle for a National System, 1888-1897 111 Five Development or Re-organization? 1897-1904 222 Six The Liberal Peer, 1903-1925 274 Appendix A 324 B 334 C 336 D 341 E 347 List of Sources 349 Index 367 IV List of Illustrations Hon. E, Lyulph Stanley Frontispiece Fig. 1 Genealogical Table Before page 1 Pig. 2 The School Board for London and the 'Built-up Area' c.l883 35 Pig. 3 New Schools Opened by the School Board for London during Stanley's Chaiman- ship of the Statistical Committee, June 1879 - November I885 38 Pig. 4 A Map of part of the Lambeth Division of the S.B.L. c.1881 40 Pig. 5 School Provision in Six Blocks of Lambeth Division I883 40 Pig. 6 Total Accommodation and Average Attendance in Tower Hamlets Division, Blocks N, 0, R and S, I872-I88O! Accommodation and Average Attendance St. Luke's National School 1872-1880 48 Pig. 7 The Distributions of Llajor Towns and Training-colleges in England and Wales c. 1883 67 Pig. 8 Accommodation in Training-colleges C.I883 68 Fig. 9 Entry to Training-College: Candidates Successful at the Scholarship Examination July 1881 69 Pig. 10 The Cross Commissions an Analysis of the Careers of the Signatories dOT-m to June I888 82 Pig. 11 Income per Child in Church of England Ele• mentary Schools 1865-1886 93 Pig. 12 A Ilap of Certain Parishes in Devon and Somerset to Illustrate Stanley's Concept of the Amalgamation of School Districts in the Countryside I58 Pig. 13 A Map of Certain Parishes in Somerset to Show the Unnecessary Multiplication of Schools 161 Pig. 14 Schematic Diagram to Show Stanley's Plan for English Education I899 231 Pig. 15 School Boai:ds in the Administrative County of Devon c.1902 262 Pig. 16 a. Devon! Administrative Divisions C.1908 b. Devon: Divisional Executives 263 Pig. 17 Aspects of Educational Provision in Anglesey c. 1902' 28l Acknowledgments This thesis was written for the most part in the British Museum and I vnsh to acknowledge my gratitude to the Trustees for allowing me access to the wonderful collection in their keeping and to the staff not only in the Reading Room but also in the Manuscript Room, State Paper Room, Map Room and in the Newspaper Library at Colindale for their unfailing courtesy and helpfulness. I am also indebted to the Librarians of Guildhall Library and the Library of the Department of Education and Science. I also wish to thank the staff of the Public Record Office both in Chancery Lane and at the Ashridge Repository for making available the relevant education files. In this connection my thanks are also due to Miss M.E. Forsyth of Departmental Records in Curzon Street. Records of Stanley's administrative work are located in the Greater London Record Office in County Hall, London S.E.I and in the Anglesey County Record Office, Llangefni. My thanks go to the staff of both offices; and I am grate• ful for being allo^red to consult the maps in the Members' Library in County Hall, London. Stanley's private letters survive in the Cheshire Record Office, the John Rylands Library Manchester, the library of Sheffield University, the National Library of Wales and in the Mitchell Library, Sydney, N.S.W. My thanks go to the archivists concerned especially vrhere they provided me with photo-copies of the relevant documents. The records of the National Education Association were consulted at the Free Church Federal Council, 27 Tavistock Square, London W.C.I and at Dr. Williams's Library, 14 Gordon Square, London W.C.I. I am grateful for the facilities accorded me and for information on the location of relevant source material given to me by Mr. Wilfrid J. Rowland, the last secretary of the N.E.A. vi Nineteenth-century pamphlets and leaflets in the Howell Collection at the Bishopsgate Institute and in the Gladstone Library at the National Liberal Club were also consulted and my thanks go to the librarians concerned. I also wish to thank the Director of the Central Public Library, Art Gallery and Museum, Oldham and the Librarian of the University College of North Wales, Bangor for access to source material; the staff of The Times for allowing me to consult the file of the early edition of the paper not available elsewhere; the staff of the Westminster Public Libraries for allowing me access to stacks where their collections of periodicals are shelved; the authorities of the National Society for allowing me to consult their annual reports; the Librarian at the offices of the T.U.C., Great Eussell Street, London W.C.I for infoimation about George Shipton; and the Librarian of the Beaverbrook Library, 33 St. Bride Street, London B.C.4 for searching the Lloyd George Papers for letters from Stanley. In my unsuccessful attempt to trace the private papers of Sir John Gorst (I835-1916) I was accorded help by the editor of The Times Literary Supplement, the Archivists of the County Record Offices of Wiltshire, Lancashire and Kent; the Librarian of Cambridge Institute of Education; the Assistant Secretary, the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Chancery Lane, London W.C.2; members of St. Antony's College, Oxford; and Mr. John Gorst great-grand• son of the former Vice-President. My thanks go to them all; and to the staff of the County Record Office of the North Riding of Yorkshire for infoimation on the papers of the Bell family. My thanks also go to Her Grace the Duchess of Roxburghe for information on the whereabouts of the private papers of her father, Lord Crewe: to the Hon.