DOCSLIB.ORG

High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries 1 High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries About this Guide This High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries production guide is based on research results generated from ongoing bramble (raspberry and blackberry) high tunnel projects throughout the northeast region of the United States. An important funding source is USDA-SCRI but other state funding sources contributed to the project: NIFA, New York Farm Viability Institute, and USDA Hatch and Smith-Lever Funds. Developed by: AJ Both, Kathy Demchak, Eric Hanson, Cathy Heidenreich, Greg Loeb, Laura McDermott, Marvin Pritts, and Courtney Weber Thanks to the following people for photos: Cathy Heidenreich, Marvin Pritts, Courtney Weber, Craig Cramer, Mary Jo Kelly, Craig Kahlke, Laura McDermott and Wayne Wilcox of Cornell University, Eric Hanson, Michigan State University, Kathleen Demchak, The Pennsylvania State University, AJ Both, Rutgers University, and Alan Eaton and Cheryl Smith, University of New Hampshire. Cover design & Layout Assistance: Chelsea Truehart, Graphic Designer, Cornell Cooperative Extension Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture Last updated: 8/30/2019 Comments or Questions, email: Laura McDermott ([email protected]), Berry Extension Specialist, Cornell Cooperative Extension. Some of the informational links provided are not maintained by, nor are the responsibility of, Cornell Cooperative Extension and Cornell University. Mention of commercial products and trade names is for educational and informational purposes only. Manufacturers' instructions change. Read the manufacturers' instructions on the pesticide label carefully before use. Inclusion of information is not intended as an endorsement by Cornell Cooperative Extension or Cornell University, nor is discrimination of excluded information implied. Cornell University is an equal opportunity, affirmative action educator and employer. 2 High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………... 4 What is a High Tunnel? ………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….…. 4 The Benefits of High Tunnel Production ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..……. 5 The Disadvantages of High Tunnel Production …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…….. 6 Site Selection, Preparation, Water Quality and Tunnel Orientation Soil Requirements …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……...………….. 7 Soil and Nutrient Management Guidelines …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....…………….. 7 Cropping History ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………….. 7 Irrigation System Selection and Installation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………. 8 Structural Considerations and Tunnel Orientation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….………………. 8 Tunnel Selection and Sizing Single vs. Multiple Bay ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...….……………………. 10 Three-season vs four-season …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………...……….. 10 Determining Tunnel Size …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………... 11 Sources for Tunnels and Tunnel-related Materials ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12 Tunnel Construction Erecting Superstructures …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….…………. 13 Selecting the Plastic Covering ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….………….. 14 Applying the Plastic …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………….………………….. 16 Single Bay ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………….……………………….. 16 Multi Bay ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………..…………………... 17 Removing the Plastic ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………….……………... 17 Venting ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………….………………. 17 Wind Damage …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….……………….. 18 Routine Tunnel Maintenance ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………... 18 Production Systems Primocane fruiting raspberries ………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Primocane fruiting blackberries …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20 Summer-fruiting raspberries …………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………. 20 Summer-fruiting blackberries ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………….. 21 Overwintering ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….. 21 Managing Primocanes ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………. 22 Potted floricane-fruiting berries………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...….………………………. 23 Establishing Containerized Plants ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 23 Planting and Plant Selection ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..... 25 Table 1. Floricane-fruiting raspberries and harvest seasons for high tunnel production …………………………………………...…………………………... 25 Table 2. Primocane-fruiting raspberries and harvest seasons for high tunnel production …………………………………………………...………………... 26 Table 3. Plant Material types for establishing raspberries ………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………….. 27 Tunnel Management Controlling Environmental Conditions (Tunnel Venting and Covering Times) ……………………….……..………………………………………………………... 28 Moisture and Fertilizer ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………….. 28 Soil Salinity ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…. 29 Weed growth …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………... 29 Pollination …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……….. 29 Pest Management Considerations Arthropod Pests (Insects and Mites) ………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 30 Using Exclusion Netting in High Tunnels …………………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………... 31 Diseases …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………………... 33 Spray Application Technology for High Tunnels ………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………………………….. 35 Abiotic (Non-biological) disorders and diseases ………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………….……. 35 Wildlife …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………………………….…………. 35 Harvesting Fruit ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………………….…….….. 37 Rules for Berry Pickers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………….…….. 38 Constructing Budgets …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………..………….... 39 Budget for In-Ground Single-bay High Tunnel Fall-Fruiting Raspberry Production, NY ……………………………………………..……………….………….. 40 Budget for In-Ground Single-bay High Tunnel Blackberry Production, NY ………………………………………………………………………………...…………… 45 Budget for In-Ground Multi-bay High Tunnel Fall-Fruiting Raspberry Production, MI ……………………………………………...………………………….... 46 Tunnel Berry Videos …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….. 51 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..…….. 52 Appendix ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………. 53 3 High Tunnel Raspberries and Blackberries Introduction Consumer interest in obtaining produce from local producers provides an opportunity for expanding local and regional market Much of the world’s raspberry and blackberry supply is now shares relative to those currently held by domestic and foreign produced in simple controlled environment structures such as high imports. Production of high quality, locally grown raspberries and tunnels. These systems, along with smaller field tunnels and pest blackberries could potentially shift the market supply from imported exclusion netting, as well as greenhouses, are sometimes referred to to locally-grown along the Atlantic seaboard for much of the year. as ‘protected culture.’ High tunnels protect the crops from the Although high tunnels are used throughout the world, each region vagaries of the outdoor weather and the very fragile fruits are also has different options and specific requirements to optimize protected from production under high tunnel systems. This publication presents moisture (rain, dew, current data and experiences generated by more than a decade of fog) which greatly research with high tunnels in several states in the Northeast and extends their shelf life Midwest. after harvest. In addition, high tunnels What is a High Tunnel? reduce the incidence High tunnels differ from greenhouses in that they are considered of crop diseases and non-permanent structures (i.e., they typically don’t have a reduce wind damage. foundation that involves poured concrete) and they don’t have a Yields can be much heating system (i.e., they cannot be used to produce berry crops higher in tunnels during the middle of winter). compared to open field production, in Growers interested in winter production using greenhouses should part because the consult the publication “Greenhouse Raspberries”. https://cpb-us- growing season is e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.cornell.edu/dist/0/7265/files/2016/12/ greatly extended by ghrasp-128la1g.pdf high tunnels and Figure 1: Examples of high tunnels with berry crops inside. Top, a single bay tunnel; above, a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water Well Drilling for the Prospective Owner
    WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE PROSPECTIVE WELL OWNER (INDIVIDUAL, DOMESTIC USE) WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE PROSPECTIVE WELL OWNER (INDIVIDUAL, DOMESTIC USE) This pamphlet was compiled by the Board of Water Well Contractors primarily to assist prospective owners of non-public wells. While much of the information is also useful for community, multi-family, or public water supply wells; there are additional considerations, not discussed in this publication, that need to be addressed. If you are the current or prospective owner of a community, multi- family, or public water supply well; please contact the Dept. of Environmental Quality, Public Water Supply Division for assistance. Contact information can be found at the end of this publication. Revised 2007 How Much Water Do I Need? You will need a dependable water supply for your present and future uses. An average household uses approximately 200-400 gallons of water per day. For a family of four, this means that a domestic well should provide a dependable yield of 10 to 25 gallons per minute (gpm) to adequately supply all needs, including lawn and garden watering. Much smaller yields may be acceptable, if adequate storage tanks are used. Most mortgage companies require a well yield of at least 5 gpm. More specific information is available from county sanitarians, engineering firms, water well contractors, or pump installers. Before you have your well drilled, find out from a local drilling contractor, the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation (DNRC), or the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (MBMG) how much water can be produced from the aquifers in your area, the chemical quality of that water, and the depth to the water supply.
    [Show full text]
  • Well Foundation Is the Most Commonly Adopted Foundation for Major Bridges in India
    Well foundation is the most commonly adopted foundation for major bridges in India. Since then many major bridges across wide rivers have been founded on wells. Well foundation is preferable to pile foundation when foundation has to resist large lateral forces. The construction principles of well foundation are similar to the conventional wells sunk for underground water. But relatively rigid and engineering behaviour. Well foundations have been used in India for centuries. The famous Taj Mahal at Agra stands on well foundation. To know the construction of well foundation. To know the different types and shapes of well foundations. To know which type of well foundation is suitable for different types of soil strata. Wells have different shapes and accordingly they are named as:- 1. Circular well, 2. Double D well, 3. Twin circular well, 4. Double octagonal well, 5. Rectangular well. . Open caisson or well Well Box Caisson Pneumatic Caisson Open caisson or well: The top and bottom of the caisson is open during construction. It may have any shape in plan. Box caisson: It is open at the top but closed at the bottom. Pneumatic caisson: It has a working chamber at the bottom of the caisson which is kept dry by forcing out water under pressure, thus permitting excavation under dry conditions. . Well foundation construction in bouldery bed strata Pasighat Bridge Andhra Pradesh The Important Factors of the bridge were as follows.. Length of the bridge - 704 mts. Foundation:- i. Type -Circular Well. ii. Outer Diameter -11.7 mtrs. iii. Inner Dia. -6.64 mtrs iv. Steining thickness -2.53 mtrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Porosity and Permeability Lab
    Mrs. Keadle JH Science Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. porosity – the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material’s total volume. permeability – is how well water flows through rock or other earth substance. Factors that affect permeability are how large the pores in the substance are and how well the particles fit together. Water flows between the spaces in the material. If the spaces are close together such as in clay based soils, the water will tend to cling to the material and not pass through it easily or quickly. If the spaces are large, such as in the gravel, the water passes through quickly. There are two other terms that are used with water: percolation and infiltration. percolation – the downward movement of water from the land surface into soil or porous rock. infiltration – when the water enters the soil surface after falling from the atmosphere. In this lab, we will test the permeability and porosity of sand, gravel, and soil. Hypothesis Which material do you think will have the highest permeability (fastest time)? ______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest permeability (slowest time)? _____________ Which material do you think will have the highest porosity (largest spaces)? _______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest porosity (smallest spaces)? _______________ 1 Porosity and Permeability Lab Mrs. Keadle JH Science Materials 2 large cups (one with hole in bottom) water marker pea gravel timer yard soil (not potting soil) calculator sand spoon or scraper Procedure for measuring porosity 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Linktm Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet
    LinkTM Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet www.globalsynthetics.com.au Australian Company - Global Expertise Contents 1. Introduction to Link Gabions and Mattresses ................................................... 1 1.1 Brief history ...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Applications ..............................................................................................................................1 1.3 Features of woven mesh Link Gabion and Mattress structures ...............................................2 1.4 Product characteristics of Link Gabions and Mattresses .........................................................2 2. Link Gabions and Mattresses .............................................................................. 4 2.1 Types of Link Gabions and Mattresses .....................................................................................4 2.2 General specification for Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link netting...............................4 2.3 Standard sizes of Link Gabions, Mattresses and Netting ........................................................6 2.4 Durability of Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link Netting ..................................................7 2.5 Geotextile filter specification ....................................................................................................7 2.6 Rock infill specification .............................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Manual Borehole Drilling As a Cost-Effective Solution for Drinking
    water Review Manual Borehole Drilling as a Cost-Effective Solution for Drinking Water Access in Low-Income Contexts Pedro Martínez-Santos 1,* , Miguel Martín-Loeches 2, Silvia Díaz-Alcaide 1 and Kerstin Danert 3 1 Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 3 Ask for Water GmbH, Zürcherstr 204F, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-659-969-338 Received: 7 June 2020; Accepted: 7 July 2020; Published: 13 July 2020 Abstract: Water access remains a challenge in rural areas of low-income countries. Manual drilling technologies have the potential to enhance water access by providing a low cost drinking water alternative for communities in low and middle income countries. This paper provides an overview of the main successes and challenges experienced by manual boreholes in the last two decades. A review of the existing methods is provided, discussing their advantages and disadvantages and comparing their potential against alternatives such as excavated wells and mechanized boreholes. Manual boreholes are found to be a competitive solution in relatively soft rocks, such as unconsolidated sediments and weathered materials, as well as and in hydrogeological settings characterized by moderately shallow water tables. Ensuring professional workmanship, the development of regulatory frameworks, protection against groundwater pollution and standards for quality assurance rank among the main challenges for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability
    ISSN: 1402-1757 ISBN 978-91-7439-XXX-X Se i listan och fyll i siffror där kryssen är LICENTIATE T H E SIS Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering1 Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering Jens Johansson Impact of Johansson Jens ISSN 1402-1757 Impact of Water-Level Variations ISBN 978-91-7439-958-5 (print) ISBN 978-91-7439-959-2 (pdf) on Slope Stability Luleå University of Technology 2014 Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability Variations Water-Level Jens Johansson LICENTIATE THESIS Impact of Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability Jens M. A. Johansson Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering Printed by Luleå University of Technology, Graphic Production 2014 ISSN 1402-1757 ISBN 978-91-7439-958-5 (print) ISBN 978-91-7439-959-2 (pdf) Luleå 2014 www.ltu.se Preface PREFACE This work has been carried out at the Division of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources, at Luleå University of Technology. The research has been supported by the Swedish Hydropower Centre, SVC; established by the Swedish Energy Agency, Elforsk and Svenska Kraftnät together with Luleå University of Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology, Chalmers University of Technology and Uppsala University. I would like to thank Professor Sven Knutsson and Dr. Tommy Edeskär for their support and supervision. I also want to thank all my colleagues and friends at the university for contributing to pleasant working days. Jens Johansson, June 2014 i Impact of water-level variations on slope stability ii Abstract ABSTRACT Waterfront-soil slopes are exposed to water-level fluctuations originating from either natural sources, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of Work for Soil Boring and Well Installation at the Rockaway Borough Well Field Site Morris County, New Jersey
    SDMS Document 68234 EPA CONTRACT NUMBER: 68-01-7250 EPA WORK ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 251-2L81 EBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED STATEMENT OF WORK FOR SOIL BORING AND WELL INSTALLATION AT THE ROCKAWAY BOROUGH WELL FIELD SITE MORRIS COUNTY, NEW JERSEY OCTOBER, 1989 Prepared by: Approved by: CMvOAji' Lu.^:, Edward W. Blanar Dev R. Sachdev, Ph.D. P.E. Site Manager Regional Manager Region II w S o o NJ O o VD -CO-^ , TABLE OF CONTENTS Page GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1 A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 B. SITE GEOLOGY 1 C. HYDROGEOLOGY 4 D. SCOPE OF WORK 5 E. HEALTH AND SAFETY 11 II, SPECIAL CONDITIONS 12- A. SOLICITATION REQUIREMENTS 12 B. WORK PROVIDED BY SUBCONTRACTOR 14 C. WORK PROVIDED BY EBASCO 16 D. HEALTH AND SAFETY 17 E. PROJECT SCHEDULE 17 F. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 18 G. SUBMITTALS AND DELIVERABLES 21 H. PRICE SUMMARY FORM 22 III. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 25 A. CODES AND STANDARDS 25 B. MONITORING WELLS, AND SOIL BORING 25 C. DECONTAMINATION 30 D. RECORDS 31 FIGURES 1 Site Location Map 2 2 Rockaway Borough Site Map 3 3 Proposed Well Locations 6 4 Proposed Soil Boring Locations 10 5 Typical Groundwater Monitoring Well 28 TABLES Summary of Monitoring Well Depths and Screen Lengths ATTACHMENTS 1. Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) 2. Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan for REM III Pre-Bid Site Visits 3. Medical Surveillance Program 4. Quality Assurance Nonconformance Report s? 5. Direction to Site 4 6. Standard Specifications for Sealing o Abandoned Wells o NJ O o I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Borough of Rockaway (Rockaway Borough) is located in central Morris County, New Jersey (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • 2005 Bramble Agent Training
    2005 Bramble Agent Training Table of Contents 2 ........... Blackberry Certification Program 47 ......... Blackberry Cultivars In Depth 87 ......... Bramble Disease Control 105 ....... Bramble Life Cycle and Environmental Requirements 139 ....... Estimated Costs of Producing, Harvesting & Marketing Harvesting & Marketing Blackberries in the Southeastern Blackberries in the Southeastern United States 169 ....... Fresh Fruit & Food Safety 204 ....... IR-4 Program: How it Works and What is in the Pipeline for Brambles 235 ....... Pruning & Training Brambles 277 ....... Significant Insect Pests of Significant Insect Pests of Caneberries and Caneberries and Management Options Management Options 338 ....... Update on Blackberry Production in South Georgia 361 ....... Weed Control in Brambles Blackberry Certification Program Zvezdana Pesic-VanEsbroeck Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State University Gina Fernandez Department of Horticultural Science Tania Guzman Department of Plant Pathology Myron Fountain N.C. Crop Improvement Association, Inc. PrimaryPrimary PurposePurpose ofof thethe MicropropagationMicropropagation UnitUnit atat NCSUNCSU ToTo meetmeet thethe increasingincreasing needneed ofof smallsmall fruitfruit andand vegetablevegetable industriesindustries inin NorthNorth Carolina,Carolina, thethe southeastsoutheast andand otherother areasareas forfor virusvirus--indexed,indexed, diseasedisease--free,free, truetrue--toto--typetype vegetativelyvegetatively propagatedpropagated andand certifiedcertified plantingplanting stocks.stocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Organic Blackberries & Raspberries
    Center for Crop Diversification Crop Profile Organic Blackberries & Raspberries Cheryl Kaiser1 and Matt Ernst2 Introduction Blackberries and raspberries (both Rubus spp.) are included in the group of small fruits generally referred to as ‘brambles’ or ‘caneberries.’ Erect (thorny and thornless), thorny primocane fruiting, and semi-erect (thornless) blackberries, as well as fall bearing raspberries, present an opportunity for organic production in Kentucky. Pests, especially spotted wing drosophila (SWD), present the greatest challenge for organic bramble production. Thornless semi-erect and primocane fruiting blackberries and fall-bearing raspberries that ripen their fruit after the first week of July are more time and effort than locating markets for particularly susceptible to SWD damage. Organic conventionally produced crops. It is important bramble growers can use fine-meshed netting for organic producers to identify markets willing to exclude this pest, and they currently have to pay the price premiums necessary to justify one effective pesticide for SWD. June-bearing any additional marketing costs. Product quality raspberries, however, are a greater challenge due is also important to building the organic market; to pest and disease problems that can be difficult for example, berries with SWD maggots could to manage organically. Trailing blackberries are obviously diminish consumer acceptance and not recommended for commercial production in enthusiasm for berries, whether or not grown Kentucky due to their lack of winter hardiness. organically. Organic production of brambles requires the use Brambles in Kentucky have often been sold of pest management and fertilization methods on the farm as U-Pick. Promotions for organic that do not include synthetic compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnana, a New Genus of Gyponini from Southeastern Brazil (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae)
    ARTICLE Magnana, a new genus of Gyponini from Southeastern Brazil (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) Alexandre Cruz Domahovski¹² & Rodney Ramiro Cavichioli¹³ ¹ Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia (DZOO). Curitiba, PR, Brasil. ² ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-4236. E-mail: [email protected] ³ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-0629. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A new leafhopper genus in the tribe Gyponini is proposed based on Magnana splendida gen. nov. et sp. nov., from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representatives of the new genus differ from other genera in the tribe mainly by the large body size, the narrow head, moderately produced anterad, the rugose crown and frons, the ventral surface of metatarsomere I with two double rows of setae, and the aedeagus bearing atrial processes. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as remarks on the morphology of other gyponine genera. Keywords. Auchenorrhyncha; Iassinae; Neotropical region; Taxonomy. INTRODUCTION wing with veins R₄ ₅ and M₁ ₂ free (Dietrich, 2005; ₊ ₊ Krishnankutty et al., 2016). Specimens are mostly Iassinae Walker, 1870 is one of the most diverse collected with the aid of sweeping nets and yel- subfamilies of Cicadellidae, including more than low plates, however, Malaise and light traps are 2,000 species and 170 genera distributed world- the most effective methods for sampling these wide, which are currently classified into 12 tribes insects (Domahovski & Cavichioli, 2018). (Krishnankutty et al., 2016; Domahovski, 2020). This paper aims to describe a new genus of Gyponini Stål, 1870, whose representatives are Gyponini, based on Magnana splendida gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Essential Guide to Rubus
    The Herb Society of America Essential Guide to Rubus Table of Contents From the Bramble Patch 2 The Brambles: Sorting through the Thicket of Rubus Terminology 3 General Culture 10 Cultivars of Note 12 Rubus as Metaphor: The Bramble Bush and the Law 16 On a Roll with Raspberries (With Recipes) 18 The Traditional Bramble (With Recipes) 21 Blackberry Leaf Tea 24 The Literary Rubus 25 Sources 28 The Herb Society of America, Inc. is dedicated to promoting the knowledge, use, and delight of herbs through educational programs, research, and sharing the experience of its members with the community. Environment Statement The Society is committed to protecting our global environment for the health and well-being of humankind and all growing things. We encourage gardeners to practice environmentally sound horticulture. Medical Disclaimer It is the policy of The Herb Society of America not to advise or recommend herbs for medicinal or health use. This information is intended for educational purposes only and should not be considered as a recommendation or an endorsement of any particular medical or health treatment. Please consult a health care provider before pursuing any herbal treatments. Information is provided as an educational service. Mention of commercial products does not indicate an endorsement by The Herb Society of America. 1 Ghost bramble Photo courtesy of robsplants.com Notes from the Bramble Patch From the blackberry tangled verges along country lanes to the new smaller, thornless raspberries being bred for today’s gardeners, the genus Rubus is a diverse one – feeding us and ornamenting our gardens and providing food and protective cover for wildlife and pollinators alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E - Additional Design Requirements and Plant Lists
    Appendix E - Additional Design Requirements and Plant Lists City of Seattle Stormwater Manual July 2021 Note: Some pages in this document have been purposely skipped or blank pages inserted so that this document will copy correctly when duplexed. Appendix E — Additional Design Requirements and Plant Lists Table of Contents E-1. Flow Control Structures ............................................................................. 1 General Requirements .............................................................................. 3 Access ................................................................................................ 4 Design Criteria ........................................................................................ 4 Multiple Orifice Restrictor .................................................................... 4 Weir Restrictor ................................................................................. 5 Flow Control Device Sizing ......................................................................... 5 Orifices ......................................................................................... 5 Riser Overflow .................................................................................. 6 E-2. Flow Splitters ......................................................................................... 7 General Design Criteria ............................................................................. 7 Materials ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]