Impact of Water-Level Variations on Slope Stability
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Infiltration from the Pedon to Global Grid Scales: an Overview and Outlook for Land Surface Modeling
Published June 24, 2019 Reviews and Analyses Core Ideas Infiltration from the Pedon to Global • Land surface models (LSMs) show Grid Scales: An Overview and Outlook a large variety in describing and upscaling infiltration. for Land Surface Modeling • Soil structural effects on infiltration in LSMs are mostly neglected. Harry Vereecken, Lutz Weihermüller, Shmuel Assouline, • New soil databases may help to Jirka Šimůnek, Anne Verhoef, Michael Herbst, Nicole Archer, parameterize infiltration processes Binayak Mohanty, Carsten Montzka, Jan Vanderborght, in LSMs. Gianpaolo Balsamo, Michel Bechtold, Aaron Boone, Sarah Chadburn, Matthias Cuntz, Bertrand Decharme, Received 22 Oct. 2018. Agnès Ducharne, Michael Ek, Sebastien Garrigues, Accepted 16 Feb. 2019. Klaus Goergen, Joachim Ingwersen, Stefan Kollet, David M. Lawrence, Qian Li, Dani Or, Sean Swenson, Citation: Vereecken, H., L. Weihermüller, S. Philipp de Vrese, Robert Walko, Yihua Wu, Assouline, J. Šimůnek, A. Verhoef, M. Herbst, N. Archer, B. Mohanty, C. Montzka, J. Vander- and Yongkang Xue borght, G. Balsamo, M. Bechtold, A. Boone, S. Chadburn, M. Cuntz, B. Decharme, A. Infiltration in soils is a key process that partitions precipitation at the land sur- Ducharne, M. Ek, S. Garrigues, K. Goergen, J. face into surface runoff and water that enters the soil profile. We reviewed the Ingwersen, S. Kollet, D.M. Lawrence, Q. Li, D. basic principles of water infiltration in soils and we analyzed approaches com- Or, S. Swenson, P. de Vrese, R. Walko, Y. Wu, and Y. Xue. 2019. Infiltration from the pedon monly used in land surface models (LSMs) to quantify infiltration as well as its to global grid scales: An overview and out- numerical implementation and sensitivity to model parameters. -
Water Well Drilling for the Prospective Owner
WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE PROSPECTIVE WELL OWNER (INDIVIDUAL, DOMESTIC USE) WATER WELL DRILLING FOR THE PROSPECTIVE WELL OWNER (INDIVIDUAL, DOMESTIC USE) This pamphlet was compiled by the Board of Water Well Contractors primarily to assist prospective owners of non-public wells. While much of the information is also useful for community, multi-family, or public water supply wells; there are additional considerations, not discussed in this publication, that need to be addressed. If you are the current or prospective owner of a community, multi- family, or public water supply well; please contact the Dept. of Environmental Quality, Public Water Supply Division for assistance. Contact information can be found at the end of this publication. Revised 2007 How Much Water Do I Need? You will need a dependable water supply for your present and future uses. An average household uses approximately 200-400 gallons of water per day. For a family of four, this means that a domestic well should provide a dependable yield of 10 to 25 gallons per minute (gpm) to adequately supply all needs, including lawn and garden watering. Much smaller yields may be acceptable, if adequate storage tanks are used. Most mortgage companies require a well yield of at least 5 gpm. More specific information is available from county sanitarians, engineering firms, water well contractors, or pump installers. Before you have your well drilled, find out from a local drilling contractor, the Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation (DNRC), or the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (MBMG) how much water can be produced from the aquifers in your area, the chemical quality of that water, and the depth to the water supply. -
Well Foundation Is the Most Commonly Adopted Foundation for Major Bridges in India
Well foundation is the most commonly adopted foundation for major bridges in India. Since then many major bridges across wide rivers have been founded on wells. Well foundation is preferable to pile foundation when foundation has to resist large lateral forces. The construction principles of well foundation are similar to the conventional wells sunk for underground water. But relatively rigid and engineering behaviour. Well foundations have been used in India for centuries. The famous Taj Mahal at Agra stands on well foundation. To know the construction of well foundation. To know the different types and shapes of well foundations. To know which type of well foundation is suitable for different types of soil strata. Wells have different shapes and accordingly they are named as:- 1. Circular well, 2. Double D well, 3. Twin circular well, 4. Double octagonal well, 5. Rectangular well. . Open caisson or well Well Box Caisson Pneumatic Caisson Open caisson or well: The top and bottom of the caisson is open during construction. It may have any shape in plan. Box caisson: It is open at the top but closed at the bottom. Pneumatic caisson: It has a working chamber at the bottom of the caisson which is kept dry by forcing out water under pressure, thus permitting excavation under dry conditions. . Well foundation construction in bouldery bed strata Pasighat Bridge Andhra Pradesh The Important Factors of the bridge were as follows.. Length of the bridge - 704 mts. Foundation:- i. Type -Circular Well. ii. Outer Diameter -11.7 mtrs. iii. Inner Dia. -6.64 mtrs iv. Steining thickness -2.53 mtrs. -
Porosity and Permeability Lab
Mrs. Keadle JH Science Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. porosity – the amount of empty space in a rock or other earth substance; this empty space is known as pore space. Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material’s total volume. permeability – is how well water flows through rock or other earth substance. Factors that affect permeability are how large the pores in the substance are and how well the particles fit together. Water flows between the spaces in the material. If the spaces are close together such as in clay based soils, the water will tend to cling to the material and not pass through it easily or quickly. If the spaces are large, such as in the gravel, the water passes through quickly. There are two other terms that are used with water: percolation and infiltration. percolation – the downward movement of water from the land surface into soil or porous rock. infiltration – when the water enters the soil surface after falling from the atmosphere. In this lab, we will test the permeability and porosity of sand, gravel, and soil. Hypothesis Which material do you think will have the highest permeability (fastest time)? ______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest permeability (slowest time)? _____________ Which material do you think will have the highest porosity (largest spaces)? _______________ Which material do you think will have the lowest porosity (smallest spaces)? _______________ 1 Porosity and Permeability Lab Mrs. Keadle JH Science Materials 2 large cups (one with hole in bottom) water marker pea gravel timer yard soil (not potting soil) calculator sand spoon or scraper Procedure for measuring porosity 1. -
Linktm Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet
LinkTM Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet www.globalsynthetics.com.au Australian Company - Global Expertise Contents 1. Introduction to Link Gabions and Mattresses ................................................... 1 1.1 Brief history ...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Applications ..............................................................................................................................1 1.3 Features of woven mesh Link Gabion and Mattress structures ...............................................2 1.4 Product characteristics of Link Gabions and Mattresses .........................................................2 2. Link Gabions and Mattresses .............................................................................. 4 2.1 Types of Link Gabions and Mattresses .....................................................................................4 2.2 General specification for Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link netting...............................4 2.3 Standard sizes of Link Gabions, Mattresses and Netting ........................................................6 2.4 Durability of Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link Netting ..................................................7 2.5 Geotextile filter specification ....................................................................................................7 2.6 Rock infill specification .............................................................................................................8 -
Manual Borehole Drilling As a Cost-Effective Solution for Drinking
water Review Manual Borehole Drilling as a Cost-Effective Solution for Drinking Water Access in Low-Income Contexts Pedro Martínez-Santos 1,* , Miguel Martín-Loeches 2, Silvia Díaz-Alcaide 1 and Kerstin Danert 3 1 Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 3 Ask for Water GmbH, Zürcherstr 204F, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-659-969-338 Received: 7 June 2020; Accepted: 7 July 2020; Published: 13 July 2020 Abstract: Water access remains a challenge in rural areas of low-income countries. Manual drilling technologies have the potential to enhance water access by providing a low cost drinking water alternative for communities in low and middle income countries. This paper provides an overview of the main successes and challenges experienced by manual boreholes in the last two decades. A review of the existing methods is provided, discussing their advantages and disadvantages and comparing their potential against alternatives such as excavated wells and mechanized boreholes. Manual boreholes are found to be a competitive solution in relatively soft rocks, such as unconsolidated sediments and weathered materials, as well as and in hydrogeological settings characterized by moderately shallow water tables. Ensuring professional workmanship, the development of regulatory frameworks, protection against groundwater pollution and standards for quality assurance rank among the main challenges for the future. -
Low Tunnels Reduce Irrigation Water Needs and Increase Growth, Yield
HORTSCIENCE 54(3):470–475. 2019. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13568-18 mental conditions and plant stage (size). Increased ET results in increased crop water needs. Factors influencing ET are SR, crop Low Tunnels Reduce Irrigation Water growth stage, daylength, air temperature, rel- ative humidity (RH), and wind speed (Allen Needs and Increase Growth, Yield, and et al., 1998; Jensen and Allen, 2016; Zotarelli et al., 2010). Therefore, fully grown plants Water-use Efficiency in Brussels demand larger amounts of water, especially in warm, sunny, and windy days (Abdrabbo et al., 2010). Under LT, however, rowcover Sprouts Production reduces direct sunlight and blocks wind, which Tej P. Acharya1, Gregory E. Welbaum, and Ramon A. Arancibia2 reduces ET even at higher temperatures School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 330 Smyth Hall, Virginia Tech, (Arancibia, 2009, 2012). Therefore, reducing ET in crops grown under LTs may reduce Blacksburg, VA 24061 irrigation requirements and improve WUE. Additional index words. rowcover, temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration The use of LT can be beneficial to extend the harvest season of brussels sprouts (Bras- Abstract. Farmers use low tunnels (LTs) covered with spunbonded fabric to protect sica oleracea L. Group Gemmifera). Brussels warm-season vegetable crops against cold temperatures and extend the growing season. sprout is a cool season, frost-tolerant vegeta- Cool season vegetable crops may also benefit from LTs by enhancing vegetative growth ble crop from the family Brassicaceae. It is an and development. This study investigated the effect of the microenvironmental condi- important source of dietary fiber, vitamins tions under LTs on brussels sprouts growth and production as well as water re- (A, C, and K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), quirements and use efficiency in comparison with those in open fields. -
Redalyc.New Technologies in Groundwater Exploration. Surface
Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal ISSN: 1695-6133 [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona España Yaramanci, U. New technologies in groundwater exploration. Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal, vol. 2, núm. 2, 2004, pp. 109-120 Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=50520203 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geologica Acta, Vol.2, Nº2, 2004, 109-120 Available online at www.geologica-acta.com New technologies in groundwater exploration. Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance U. YARAMANCI Technical University of Berlin, Department of Applied Geophysics Ackerstr.71-76, 13355 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT As groundwater becomes increasingly important for living and environment, techniques are asked for an improved exploration. The demand is not only to detect new groundwater resources but also to protect them. Geophysical techniques are the key to find groundwater. Combination of geophysical measurements with bore- holes and borehole measurements help to describe groundwater systems and their dynamics. There are a num- ber of geophysical techniques based on the principles of geoelectrics, electromagnetics, seismics, gravity and magnetics, which are used in exploration of geological structures in particular for the purpose of discovering georesources. The special geological setting of groundwater systems, i.e. structure and material, makes it neces- sary to adopt and modify existing geophysical techniques. -
Effective Porosity of Geologic Materials First Annual Report
ISWS CR 351 Loan c.l State Water Survey Division Illinois Department of Ground Water Section Energy and Natural Resources SWS Contract Report 351 EFFECTIVE POROSITY OF GEOLOGIC MATERIALS FIRST ANNUAL REPORT by James P. Gibb, Michael J. Barcelona. Joseph D. Ritchey, and Mary H. LeFaivre Champaign, Illinois September 1984 Effective Porosity of Geologic Materials EPA Project No. CR 811030-01-0 First Annual Report by Illinois State Water Survey September, 1984 I. INTRODUCTION Effective porosity is that portion of the total void space of a porous material that is capable of transmitting a fluid. Total porosity is the ratio of the total void volume to the total bulk volume. Porosity ratios traditionally are multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percent. Effective porosity occurs because a fluid in a saturated porous media will not flow through all voids, but only through the voids which are inter• connected. Unconnected pores are often called dead-end pores. Particle size, shape, and packing arrangement are among the factors that determine the occurance of dead-end pores. In addition, some fluid contained in inter• connected pores is held in place by molecular and surface-tension forces. This "immobile" fluid volume also does not participate in fluid flow. Increased attention is being given to the effectiveness of fine grain materials as a retardant to flow. The calculation of travel time (t) of con• taminants through fine grain materials, considering advection only, requires knowledge of effective porosity (ne): (1) where x is the distance travelled, K is the hydraulic conductivity, and I is the hydraulic gradient. -
Statistical Control of Processes Aplied for Peanut Mechanical Digging In
Journal of the Brazilian Association of Agricultural Engineering ISSN: 1809-4430 (on-line) STATISTICAL CONTROL OF PROCESSES APLIED FOR PEANUT MECHANICAL DIGGING IN SOIL TEXTURAL CLASSES Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-Eng.Agric.v37n2p315-322/2017 CRISTIANO ZERBATO1*, CARLOS E. A. FURLANI2, ROUVERSON P. DA SILVA2, MURILO A. VOLTARELLI3, ADÃO F. DOS SANTOS2 1*Corresponding author. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/ Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT:Thedigging of peanut, which has the pod production in the subsurface, is directly affected by soil conditions, physical or environmental characteristics, at the time of operation and may be the cause of unwanted losses. Therefore, the quality of the operation is very important for minimizing these losses. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of mechanizeddiggingoperation of peanut according to three soil textural classes(Sandy, Medium and Loamy) and their water content conditions at operation through statistical process control. The experiment was conducted at three locations in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, under sampling scheme arranged in tracks and 40 sampling points for each textural class of soil, using the mechanical digging variables as indicators of quality. We found that the mechanized digging operation in Sandy soil was the most critical, just meeting the specifications of quality indicators, reflecting higher losses and lower quality of the operation. Medium soil showed at the digginggood and homogeneous conditions in relation to water content in soil and pods, and because it has favorable characteristics it obtained the lower total losses and higher quality of operation. -
Statement of Work for Soil Boring and Well Installation at the Rockaway Borough Well Field Site Morris County, New Jersey
SDMS Document 68234 EPA CONTRACT NUMBER: 68-01-7250 EPA WORK ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 251-2L81 EBASCO SERVICES INCORPORATED STATEMENT OF WORK FOR SOIL BORING AND WELL INSTALLATION AT THE ROCKAWAY BOROUGH WELL FIELD SITE MORRIS COUNTY, NEW JERSEY OCTOBER, 1989 Prepared by: Approved by: CMvOAji' Lu.^:, Edward W. Blanar Dev R. Sachdev, Ph.D. P.E. Site Manager Regional Manager Region II w S o o NJ O o VD -CO-^ , TABLE OF CONTENTS Page GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1 A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 B. SITE GEOLOGY 1 C. HYDROGEOLOGY 4 D. SCOPE OF WORK 5 E. HEALTH AND SAFETY 11 II, SPECIAL CONDITIONS 12- A. SOLICITATION REQUIREMENTS 12 B. WORK PROVIDED BY SUBCONTRACTOR 14 C. WORK PROVIDED BY EBASCO 16 D. HEALTH AND SAFETY 17 E. PROJECT SCHEDULE 17 F. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 18 G. SUBMITTALS AND DELIVERABLES 21 H. PRICE SUMMARY FORM 22 III. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 25 A. CODES AND STANDARDS 25 B. MONITORING WELLS, AND SOIL BORING 25 C. DECONTAMINATION 30 D. RECORDS 31 FIGURES 1 Site Location Map 2 2 Rockaway Borough Site Map 3 3 Proposed Well Locations 6 4 Proposed Soil Boring Locations 10 5 Typical Groundwater Monitoring Well 28 TABLES Summary of Monitoring Well Depths and Screen Lengths ATTACHMENTS 1. Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) 2. Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan for REM III Pre-Bid Site Visits 3. Medical Surveillance Program 4. Quality Assurance Nonconformance Report s? 5. Direction to Site 4 6. Standard Specifications for Sealing o Abandoned Wells o NJ O o I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Borough of Rockaway (Rockaway Borough) is located in central Morris County, New Jersey (Figure 1). -
Volume :4 2017-2018
VOLUME :4 2017-2018 A Civil Engineering Magazine Civil-o-sphere by Department of Civil Engineering Technique Polytechnic Institute ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION A DETAIL DESIGN OF AN TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION OVERHANGING T-BEAM ROOF A NEW WAY TO MEASURE THE BUILDING WITH WASTE STRENGTH OF MODERN FORMS OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT CONCRETE FLOORING A DETAIL ESTIMATION OF A WELL FOUNDATION MIVAN TECHNOLOGY A 1 Vision of Our Institute To make Technique Polytechnic Institute a CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE in learning, teaching and knowledge transfer in an ambience of Humanity, Wisdom, Intellect, Knowledge, Creativity and Innovation in order to nurture our students to become culturally and ethically rich professionals with bright future of our country. Institute Mission Statements 1. To provide Knowledge with Academic Excellence and to prepare our students for their successful professional career. 2. To inspire our Faculty members to always Excel and in turn Motivate the Students to achieve Excellence. 3. To provide a stimulating learning environment with a technological orientation to maximize individual Potential. 4. To develop innovative and efficient use of modern instructional technology. 5. To ensure our students of all ability levels are well equipped to meet the challenges of education, work and life. 6. To encourage development of interdisciplinary research, which addresses strategic needs of industry and society. 7. To encourage and support professional development for faculty and staff. 8. To educate and prepare students to contribute as engineers and citizens through the creation, integration, application, and transfer of engineering knowledge 2 Vision of the department: The Vision of the Civil Engineering Department is to develop high quality Diploma Engin eers with sound pragmatic knowledge, strong sense of ethical values and good team work working & management capabilities whose collective energy will be the driving force to render the social needs with the ability to keep pace with rapidly changing global technologies.