Praxe Inês Pardal Maia

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Praxe Inês Pardal Maia MESTRADO EM SOCIOLOGIA Da integração no Ensino Superior à integração na ordem social: uma interpretação sociológica da praxe Inês Pardal Maia M 2017 Inês Pardal Maia Da integração no Ensino Superior à integração na ordem social: uma interpretação sociológica da praxe Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Sociologia, orientada pelo Professor Doutor João Teixeira Lopes Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto Setembro de 2017 Da integração no Ensino Superior à integração na ordem social: uma interpretação sociológica da praxe Inês Pardal Maia Dissertação realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Sociologia, orientada pelo Professor Doutor João Teixeira Lopes Membros do Júri Professora Doutora Natália Azevedo Faculdade de Letras - Universidade do Porto Professor Doutor João Teixeira Lopes Faculdade de Letras - Universidade do Porto Doutor José Pedro Silva Instituto de Saúde Pública - Universidade do Porto Classificação obtida: 18 valores A meus pais Sumário Agradecimentos .............................................................................................................. 10 Resumo ........................................................................................................................... 11 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 12 Índice de figuras e quadros ............................................................................................. 13 Introdução ..................................................................................................................... 15 Capítulo 1 - Ensino Superior: expectativas, transição e integração ........................ 17 1.1. Ensino Superior: principais dinâmicas e transformações .................................... 17 1.2. Transição para o Ensino Superior e o processo de integração............................. 19 1.2.1. Integração académica e integração social ................................................... 21 1.2.2. Papel das Instituições de Ensino Superior e das Associações de Estudantes 24 Capítulo 2 - A praxe em Portugal ............................................................................... 26 2.1. O estudo da praxe ................................................................................................ 26 2.1.1. A praxe como rito de passagem ou ritual de iniciação ................................. 27 2.1.2. Violência e exercício do poder na praxe ...................................................... 29 2.1.3. Percepções e modos de viver a praxe ........................................................... 31 2.1.4. A praxe como reflexo da juventude .............................................................. 33 2.1.5. O consumo de álcool em contexto de praxe ................................................. 33 2.1.6. Estereótipos, sexualidade e sexismo ............................................................. 34 2.2. A praxe como fenómeno social total ................................................................... 35 2.3. Percurso histórico ................................................................................................ 36 2.3.1. Da fundação da Universidade de Coimbra a 1950 ....................................... 37 2.3.2. Anos 60: da apropriação progressista ao corte ........................................... 40 2.3.3. Pós-25 de Abril e o regresso da praxe .......................................................... 44 2.4. Contextualização internacional ........................................................................... 45 2.5. Oposição e controvérsias: movimentos anti-praxe, comunicação social e legislação ................................................................................................................................................. 47 Capítulo 3 – Metodologia ............................................................................................. 51 3.1. Uma incursão etnográfica .................................................................................... 51 3.2. A definição dos casos em estudo ......................................................................... 52 3.3. A entrevista e a observação como ferramentas privilegiadas .............................. 54 3.4. Trabalho de campo: soluções entre obstáculos e oportunidades ......................... 55 Capítulo 4 – Praxe na Universidade do Porto (UP) e os estudos de caso ................ 60 4.1. Praxe na UP: momentos determinantes da sua história ....................................... 60 4.2. FEUP e FLUP: os contextos em estudo e seus estudantes .................................. 65 4.3. A integração na FEUP e na FLUP ....................................................................... 68 7 4.3.1. Acção institucional: recepção e estruturas de apoio ..................................... 69 4.3.2. Associações de Estudantes ........................................................................... 70 4.3.3. Grupos com propostas de integração: ........................................................... 71 Civil’IN (FEUP) ..................................................................................................... 71 Real Tertúlia dos Bastardos (FLUP) ...................................................................... 74 4.3.4. As percepções dos estudantes ....................................................................... 76 4.3.5. E as alternativas à praxe? ............................................................................. 79 Capítulo 5 – Experiências em praxe ........................................................................... 84 5.1. Os retratos sociológicos ....................................................................................... 84 5.2. Problematizando os retratos – pistas sobre o fenómeno ...................................... 95 5.2.1. A multiplicidade nos modos de relação ........................................................ 95 5.2.2. Praxe no singular .......................................................................................... 96 5.2.3. O principal mecanismo integrador e sua legitimação ................................... 97 5.2.4. A liberdade individual e o espaço para a crítica ........................................... 99 5.2.5. Ensinamento da e para a vida ..................................................................... 101 5.2.6. Um teste encenado ...................................................................................... 102 5.2.7. Experiência única: o carácter irrepetível da praxe e a dicotomia boa/má .. 105 5.2.8. Como rito de passagem e ritual de suspensão ........................................... 107 5.2.9. As noções de união, igualdade e respeito ................................................... 109 5.2.10. Poder e violência ...................................................................................... 111 5.2.11. Entre a preservação da tradição e a mudança ........................................... 113 5.2.12. Percepções acerca da mediatização do fenómeno .................................... 116 5.2.13. Entre ambiguidades .................................................................................. 118 5.2.14. Instrumento de transmissão ideológica .................................................... 119 Conclusões ................................................................................................................... 121 Bibliografia ................................................................................................................. 128 Anexos ......................................................................................................................... 133 Anexo 1 – Modelo Analítico de José Madureira Pinto (2002) ................................. 134 Anexo 2 – Modelo Analítico de Vincent Tinto (1997) ............................................ 135 Anexo 3 – Modelo Analítico .................................................................................... 136 Anexo 4 – Grelha de Pesquisa Observacional .......................................................... 137 Anexo 5 - Guião-modelo de entrevista a estudante primeiranista em praxe ............ 139 Anexo 6 - Grelha de análise de conteúdo - entrevista a estudante primeiranista em praxe ............................................................................................................................................... 142 Anexo 7- Guião-modelo de entrevista a representante da casa praxista .................. 143 Anexo 8- Grelha de análise de conteúdo – entrevista a representante da casa praxista ............................................................................................................................................... 146 Anexo 9 - Guião-modelo de entrevista a dirigente associativo ................................ 147 8 Anexo 10 – Grelha de análise de conteúdo – entrevista a dirigente associativo ...... 150 Anexo 11 - Tópicos de entrevista a representante do Civil’IN ................................ 151 Anexo 12 – Tópicos de entrevista a representante da Real Tertúlia dos Bastardos . 153 Anexo 13 .................................................................................................................. 155 Anexo 13.1. Sara – Os irmãos como referência ....................................................... 156 Anexo 13.2. João – O peso da tradição familiar ...................................................... 159 Anexo 13.3. José – Uma aventura na nova
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