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South Dakota National Guard Papers, 1885-1981 H74.28

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South Dakota National Guard Papers, 1885-1981 H74.28 South Dakota Historical Resource Center Manuscript Collection Inventory SOUTH DAKOTA NATIONAL GUARD PAPERS, 1885-1981 H74.28 While the military lineage of the South Dakota National Guard goes back to Troops A and B of the Dakota Cavalry Battalion during the Civil War, The National Guard had its formal beginnings in 1885. In that year, Dakota Territory formally organized two regiments of infantry and a battery of artillery to constitute the Dakota National Guard, When Dakota Territory was split into the states of North and South Dakota in 1889, the territorial National Guard was divided, with South Dakota getting the 2nd Regiment. The 2nd Regiment was soon designated the 1st Regiment South Dakota National Guard Infantry. A lack of financial support by the legislature made times rough, but the Guard flourished. The patriotism of South Dakota’s soldiers and the generosity of the citizens helped to make up for the lack of funding. When the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898, the 1st Regiment was sworn into the Federal service as the 1st South Dakota Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was sent to the Philippines and served through the early months of the Philippine Insurrection after the Spanish-American War ended. Protests by Governor Andrew Lee that the South Dakota regiment was being held in the Philippines illegally since its term of service had ended with the end of the war resulted in the he regiment being relieved in June of 1899 and returned to the United States. It was formally mustered out of the Federal service in October 1899. After the return of the 1st South Dakota, the only organized National Guard troops in South Dakota consisted of a battery of artillery and a troop of cavalry. Under Governor Herried, two regiments of infantry were organized. Despite increasing financial support by the legislature, it soon became obvious that South Dakota could not support two regiments of infantry at even the minimum standards required by the War Department. The two regiments were combined into a new regiment that was designated the 4th Regiment South Dakota National Guard Infantry. By 1916, the Guard had organized several separate companies besides the 4th Regiment and was a strong and viable military force. The 4th South Dakota had barely returned from its service on the Mexican border in 1916 and 1917 when the United States entered World War I. The 3rd Battalion was back in the Federal service by the middle of 1917, performing guard duty on vital installations throughout the state. By October 1917, the entire regiment was called up. Upon arriving at Camp Greene, North Carolina, the South Dakotans discovered that their regiment was being split up to form the 147th Field Artillery Regiment, the 116th Supply Train and the 146th and 148th Machine Gun Battalions. The South Dakotans rendered good service, with the 147th becoming one of the premier American artillery units in France. A second South Dakota regiment, the 1st South Dakota Cavalry, was sworn into the Federal service for World War I, but suffered a similar fate as did the 4th Infantry. The 1st Cavalry had 1 been reorganized early in 1917 as the 5th Infantry, but the War Department ordered it turned into cavalry in May 1917. The 1st Cavalry was sent to Camp Cody, New Mexico. There it was dismembered. Many of the men were used as replacements in other units and the remainder were transferred to the 59th Depot Brigade and used as a training command. The reorganization of the National Guard after the war saw South Dakota retain the 147th Field Artillery. In addition, South Dakota was given the 109th Engineer Regiment, parts of the 109th Quartermaster Regiment, the 34th Signal Company, and various other troops. With the exception of the 147th, the South Dakota troops were assigned to the 34th infantry Division. The World War II service of the South Dakota National Guard began in November 1940 when the 147th Field Artillery was called into the Federal service and sent to Fort Ord, California, for training. After a year at Fort Ord, the 147th was embarked for the Philippines and was west of Hawaii when Pearl Harbor was bombed. The regiment was rerouted to Australia. The regiment served in Australia and New Guinea until December 1943, when the regiment was divided into the 147th and 260th Field Artillery Battalions. The 147th Battalion continued in active combat as artillery for the 158th Regimental Combat Team in New Guinea and the Philippines and eventually landed in Japan. The 260th Battalion spent the rest of the war as a transport and supply unit. The other South Dakota National Guard units saw heavy fighting in North Africa and Italy and were among the first Americans troops sent to Europe. The 109th Engineer Regiment was reduced to a battalion. The 109th Quartermaster Regiment was divided. Several new units were formed out of pieces of South Dakota units. Few of the South Dakota units finished the war with an appreciable number of South Dakotans in their ranks. After World War II, the South Dakota National Guard was organized into the 196th Regimental Combat Team, the 109th Engineer Battalion, and the 175th Fighter Squadron. The 196th included the 196th Infantry Regiment and the 147th Field Artillery Battalion. Both groups were activated during the Korean War, but neither saw action. The 109th Engineer Battalion was activated in September 1950 during the Korean War and was sent to Mannheim, Germany in 1951 to provide bridge security on the Rhine River. The National Guard has been organized and re-organized several times since the Korean War. The South Dakota Guard now includes both the Army and Air Force units. The 147th Field Artillery still is a part of the South Dakota Guard. The Guard contains artillery, air units, engineers, transport units, ordnance companies, a band, and several medical units. The SOUTH DAKOTA NATIONAL GUARD PAPERS, 1885-1981 is a conglomerate collection. It has been assembled from a number of sources. Several small collections have been integrated into the larger collection to obtain a more coherent and cohesive collection. The collections include reports of South Dakota’s Adjutant General, material from the Adjutant General’s files, material from the files of Captain William A. Grebing, correspondence, unit histories, rosters, maps, and official orders, documents, and publications issued by the Adjutant General and other items. The collection was originally processed and arranged in 1974/1975. It was rearranged in 1982 after a large body of new material was added. As with the original material, the new 2 material was found in many different places at the Historical Resource Center. The current rearrangement took place in 1996. As presently arranged, the collection is divided into ten areas. These areas are: I. Reports II. Orders III. Regulations IV. Files V. Documents and Publications VI. Correspondence II. Units VIII. General IX. Miscellaneous X. Oversize Items The collection is an open collection. New material will be added as the occasion arises. The accession file contains a list of the manuscript collections at the Historical Resource Center that contain National Guard material. Also in the accession file is a list of National Guard material contain in the Center’s Public Documents Room. NG PAPER Manuscript Collection Inventory, South Dakota National Guard Papers, 1885 - 19--; H74.28 BOX DESCRIPTION BOX 3657A "Report of the Adjutant General of the Territory of Dakota to Hon. Folder #1 Arthur C. Mellette, Governor. December 4, 1889." "Annual Report of the Adjutant general of the State of South Dakota to Hon. Charles H. Sheldon, Governor. December 1st, 1898." 3 Letter, 30 November 1894, from Geo. A. Silsby, Adjutant General, to Governor Charles H. Sheldon, containing a summary of Silsby's Report for 1894. TLS, 1 December 1898, from H. A. Humphrey, Adjutant General, to Governor Andrew E. Lee, containing the report of the Adjutant Generals' Department for 1898. TLS, 1 December 1899, from H. A. Humphrey, Adjutant General, to Governor Andrew E. Lee, containing the report of the Adjutant Generals' Department for 1899. TLS, 1 December 1900, from H. A. Humphrey, Adjutant General, to Governor Andrew E. Lee, containing the report of the Adjutant Generals' Department for 1900. ALS, 15 November 1901, from S. J. Conklin, Adjutant General, to Governor C. N. Herreid, containing the report of the Adjutant Generals' Department for 1901. Report, 1 December 1910 from C.H. Englesby, Adjutant General, to "The Governor", containing summary of conditions of the Organized Militia, Unorganized Militia and National Guard with exhibits E - V. Annual Report, 7 November 1911, from C. H. Englesby, Adjutant General, to "The Governor" containing summary of condition of South Dakota National Guard. Exhibits A - D enclosed. Report, 7 November 1911 by Vessey with exhibits Biennial Report, 2 December 1912, from C. H. Englesby, Adjutant General, to "The Governor," (unsigned carbon copy) containing summary of condition of South Dakota National Guard. Folder #2 Biennial Report of the Adjutant General of the State of South Dakota to the Governor for the Biennial Period Ending 30 June 1924. Biennial Report of the Adjutant General of the Sate of South Dakota of the Adjutant General's Department, and the Historical Commission, Soldiers Relief Commission, and the Soldiers Compensation Board for the Period 1 July 1925 to 30 June 1926, Fiscal Years 1925-26, to the Governor of South Dakota. Biennial Report of the Adjutant General, South Dakota. 1 July 1930 to 30 June 1932. 4 Biennial Report of the Adjutant General, South Dakota. July 1938 to 30 June 1940. Biennial Report of the Adjutant General, South Dakota. 1 July 1940 to 30 June 1942. Biennial Report of the Adjutant General, South Dakota.
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