gL AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 27. NO. 2 JOURNAL FEBRUARY 1950 3§ r ™ »*m ' V ■ 5 Tlie Mukden Affair by ANGUS WARD (See page 14) IN NEW YORK... “EL MOROCCO” is one spot sure to be visited by anyone eager to see the best in New York. Schenley Reserve Whiskey is one of the good things to be found there. for connoisseurs anywhere in the world . • OVERSEAS ... Wherever people of discriminating taste gather, Schenley is always in evidence. It is one of the fine things that are always in demand wherever the discerning meet. • Always ask for Schenley Reserve, the bright, light American Whiskey with a rich, mellow flavor that is superbly different. Enjoy it with soda, ginger ale, or water—use it in cocktails and other mixed drinks. Its excellence is a tradition. Schenley International Corpora¬ tion, Empire State Building, New York 1, N. Y., U. S. A. In the Smart World, it’s The world's largest selling SCHENLEY whiskey AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION HONORARY PRESIDENT FOREIGN SERVICE DEAN ACHESON SECRETARY OF STATE HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF JOURNAL STATE THE COUNSELOR GEORGE F. KENNAN PRESIDENT W. WALTON BUTTERWORTH VICE PRESIDENT ELBERT G. MATHEWS SECRETARY-TREASURER JOHN M. McSWEEN EY ASSISTANT SECRETARY-TREASURER BARBARA P. CHALMERS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HERVE J. L HEUREUX CHAIRMAN ELBRIDGE DURBROW VICE CHAIRMAN ELBERT G. MATHEWS JOHN M. McSWEENEY WILLIAM P. HUGHES ALTERNATES PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY RAYMOND A. HARE HAROLD N. WADDELL THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL EDITORIAL BOARD EDMUND A. GULLION CHAIRMAN FRANK S. HOPKINS JOHN M. ALLISON PAUL J. REVELEY VOL. 27, NO. 2 FEBRUARY 1950 MARTIN F. HERZ JOAN DAVID MANAGING EDITOR COVER PICTURE: We’ve always wanted to run this picture on the cover but we ALEXANDER PAUL ADVERTISING MANAGER haven’t been able to find out just what it is. Our file copy shows only a date, "1926,” on the back. To the first JOURNAL reader EDUCATION COMMITTEE who can identify it for us, we offer a one-year subscription, for NILES w. BOND CHAIRMAN himself, or for anyone he cares to name. BENJAMIN M. HULLEY JOSEPH S. SPARKS MRS. ELBRIDGE DURBROW THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 11 MRS. JOHN K. EMMERSON By John D. Hickerson, FSO ALTERNATES MRS. WILLIAM L. KRIEG THE MUKDEN AFFAIR 14 FVAN M. WILSON By Angus Ward, FSO ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE BASIC CHANGES MADE IN SELECTION-OUT PROCEDURE 18 JACK D. NEAL CHAIRMAN FULTON FREEMAN By the Editors G. FREDERICK REINHARDT STUART W. ROCKWELL FOREIGN SERVICE SCHOLARSHIP ANNOUNCEMENT 24 DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, II ALTERNATES DOCUMENTS ON GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY, III _... 25 MISS G. EDITH BLAND Review by George F. Kennan, FSO THOMAS S. ESTES THE BOOKSHELF 30 This publication is not official and material appearing- herein represents By Francis C. deWolf, Review Editor only personal opinions, and is not in¬ Helen C. Kelly Elizabeth Hyman A. G. Simson tended in any way to indicate the L. W. Fuller Herbert Block official views of the Department of State or of the Foreign Service as a whole. NEW SCHOLARSHIPS OFFERED „ 53 The Editors will consider all manu¬ scripts submitted to the American DEPARTMENTS Foreign Service Journal. If accepted, the author will be paid a minimum of Letters to the Editors — 3 one cent a word on publication. Pho¬ tographs accompanying- articles will, if accepted, be purchased at one dol¬ Foreign Service Changes 9 lar each. Five dollars is paid for cover pictures. Editorials Copyright, 1950, by the American Foreign Service Association. The re¬ On Sabbatical Leaves 22 printing- of any article or portion of an article from this publication is The New Selection-Out Rules 22 strictly forbidden without permission from the editors. Twenty-Five Years Ago 23 Issued monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, 1809 G Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C. Marriages 23 Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office in Washing-ton, D. C., un¬ In Memoriatn 23 der the Act of March 3, 1879. News from the Department 26 SUBSCRIPTIONS Service Glimpses 28 The American Foreign Service Journal is open to subscription in the United News from the Field 32 States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, 40 cents a copy. Births 55 MISS HALE DINING AT SHERMAN BILLINGSLEY'S FAMOUS NEW YORK STORK CLUB WHERE CHESTERFIELD IS THE LARGEST-SELLING CIGARETTE tkixj/n, Mjwk MMSJI Starring in JOLSON SINGS AGAIN" A Sidney Buchman Production A Columbia Technicolor Production (AUUINS THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Letters to the Editors PHILIPPIC AIR LMES (Orient-iStar3 MORALE AND RECRUITMENT IN THE FOREIGN SERVICE Washington, D. C. December, 1949 To the Editors, AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL: The sensational discussion of recent months about unify¬ ing the armed services seems to have been more puzzling to the general public than it could have been to readers of the FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL. Perhaps it was necessary for purposes of easier understanding to present the issue in ★ PROVED DEPENDABILITY terms of inter-service rivalry, but the controversy reminded time-tested, world-accepted DC-6's, experienced flight crews. us that a similar problem affecting the first line of the na¬ ★ UNEXCELLED SERVICE tional defense, the Foreign Service, has been a familiar one courteous, competent flight attendants. for more than a quarter of a century and that, in one form ★ MAXIMUM COMFORT or another, it is still being solved. Thus far, however, offi¬ pressurized cabin, full-size sleeper berths, "above-weather" flight. cer recruitment for the armed forces seems to be non-con- A FAST, RELIABLE SCHEDULES troversial while in the Foreign Service the controversy lies 300 miles-per hour flight, minimum stopovers, direct routes. close to the surface and will, I think, be dealt with better Travelers to the Orient, India, Israel, San Francisco-Manila flights twice and Europe can find no finer, faster weekly, with connections to Hong if brought out for candid discussion. or more dependable service than is Kong, Tokyo and other Orient cities. We recall that for some years before 1924, when the offered by the ORIENT STAR of Weekly service between Manila and Philippine Air Lines. Europe via India and Israel. Rogers Act was passed, the question of unifying the diplo¬ For complete information, consult your Travel Agent or the neorest P. A. L. office. matic and consular services and improving their integration with the Department of State had been in the thought of the Executive and of Congress until it culminated in legislation 1 PHILIPPIHE AIR HONOLULU SAN FRANCISCO • LOS ANGELES • SEATTLE • CHICAGO • NEWLinES YORK • WASHINGTON. D C j giving effect to a national decision. The decision represented by the Act of 1924 settled two overriding questions that had engaged attention at least since an Act of 1855 governing the diplomatic and consular serv¬ ices. The questions were whether the national interest re¬ quired specially trained people to conduct our foreign rela¬ tions, and, if so, whether it would be better served by profes¬ sional officers in separate diplomatic and consular branches than by a single Foreign Service, closely tied in with the Department. The Congress answered both questions when, through the Rogers Act, it set up the Foreign Service as a single agency of the Government. War Years Bring New Problem Now there is said to be fear among officers of the Foreign Service that the stresses of the war years and of the current period of international tension which have been put forward to justify, or even require, the injection of new blood, call for getting it by exceptional procedures with resulting detri¬ ment to morale and efficiency in the Service, at least while the injection is being given. Such fear centers plainly upon the issue of recruitment for the Foreign Service. On July 31, 1944, there were 811 Foreign Service Officers on active duty, of whom the great majority had entered the service through a system of recruitment comprising search¬ ing written and oral examinations. On the same date 415 officers of the war-recruited Foreign Service Auxiliary, an emergency group chosen by exceptional methods, were also on active duty. By July 1, 1949, the number of active Foreign Service Officers had risen to 1290. Of these, 159 had been appointed under the so-called Manpower Act of 1946. Another group of 84 had been appointed otherwise than by having passed Fine Blended Whiskey.90.5 proof. 60* grain neutral spirits. Frankfort Distillers Corp..N.Y.C. (Continued on page 5) FEBRUARY, 1950 3 In 1 Tropical Suit ... COOLNESS ALONE IS NOT ENOUGH Variety of pattern, comfort of fit and stamina are im¬ portant as well. DAVID RICHARD, Georgetown’s finest Men’s Store, enables TROPICAL SUIT THAT 'BREATHES' FRESH AIR * v you to get the popular North- /Vew tow frtce cool Tropical Suits at prices you would pay in the States. These tropicals, made of wrinkle-resistant Burlington Rayon fabrics, have the same fine tailoring which are found in regular weight suits. The wide variety of pat¬ terns are exclusive with Northcool. Order yours today and be comfortable this summer. 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