• The following pages have some identification markers for each of found in

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Sno. Name Binomial Name 1 Black francolinus 2 Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus 3 Francolinus pondicerianus 4 Francolinus pictus 5 Swamp Francolin Francolinus gularis

©www.ogaclicks.com identification Tips Black Francolin : Francolinus francolinus: Resident of North, North West & East India

Black head & Crown streaked with brown

Black Bill Prominent teardrop-shaped white patch on face

Bill dusky brown; base Black chin & throat Chestnut collar around neck of lower mandible pale

Upper parts are brown, with buff edges on feathers Partial Chestnut collar Black breast around neck

Upperparts are rufous buff and Back is black, finely White Throat feathers have blackish centers barred with white

Back is black, finely barred with white Male

Belly pale chestnut, Breast is creamy buff, with white markings with black barring Legs are Pink Uppertail coverts are black, finely barred with white Uppertail covert is black, finely barred Large white spots along flanks with white

Female Important id point Reference : Birds of ©www.ogaclicks.com Difference from Male Inskipp and Grimmett www.HBW.com Chinese Francolin identification Tips Chinese Francolin : Francolinus pintadeanus : Resident of Manipur in India Black lores Black head & Crown Broad chestnut stripe from crown to nape Black eyestripe Black Bill Black malar stripe Prominent teardrop-shaped white patch on face

Bill dusky brown; base White chin & throat of lower mandible pale Upperparts are rufous buff and Upper parts are black with heavy white spotting feathers have blackish centers

White-spotted breast Chestnut patch on Wing coverts

Back is black, finely Back is black, finely barred with white barred with white

Belly & Underparts with larger white spots Buff underparts barred darker

Legs are Orange

Male Female Uppertail covert is black, finely barred with white Important id point Reference : Birds of Indian Subcontinent ©www.ogaclicks.com Difference from Male Inskipp and Grimmett www.HBW.com Grey Francolin identification Tips Grey Francolin : Francolinus pondicerianus : Widespread resident in India ( Except East & North east ) Brown head & Crown

Broad Rufous Buff stripe from crown to nape Black Bill Thin Black malar stripe Pale Ear coverts & cheek Buffy chin & throat with black border Upperparts greyish brown, boldly streaked with pale buff and finely barred with black and chestnut Breast is buff, prominently barred with black Chestnut patch on Wing coverts

Back is brown, finely barred Underparts buff, prominently barred with black

Uppertail covert is brown, finely barred Legs are Orange

Important id point Reference : Birds of Indian Subcontinent ©www.ogaclicks.com Difference from Male Inskipp and Grimmett www.HBW.com Painted Francolin identification Tips Painted Francolin : Francolinus pictus : Resident of Peninsular India Black streaked head & Crown

Bright rufous face Black Bill Rufous chin & throat Mantle is black with heavy white spotting

Upperparts are rufous buff and Wing coverts are brown, with black feathers have blackish centers center & buff edges on feathers

White-spotted breast Back is black, finely barred with white

White chin Primaries are brown, with & throat black edges on feathers

Belly & Underparts with Uppertail covert is larger white spots black, finely barred with white Buff toned and slightly barred underparts Legs are Orange Rufous vent

Male

Female Important id point Reference : Birds of Indian Subcontinent ©www.ogaclicks.com Difference from Male Inskipp and Grimmett www.HBW.com Swamp Francolin identification Tips Swamp Francolin : Francolinus gularis : Resident of North East India Whitish-buff lores Brown head & Crown Broad whitish-buff supercilium Black Bill Brown eyestripe

Rufous chin & throat Upperparts brown, finely barred rufous and buff

Underparts boldly streaked white Uppertail covert is brown, finely barred

Legs are Orange Rufous vent

Important id point Reference : Birds of Indian Subcontinent ©www.ogaclicks.com Difference from Male Inskipp and Grimmett www.HBW.com