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Index Ackroyd, Peter, 350, 360, 364–65, 399 absence of in Poems (1920), 137–43 on TSE’s work, 205, 213, 244 religious, 367, 373 Action française see Maurras, Charles toward popular culture, 67, 68, 69, 75, Adams, Henry, 151–54 162, 186, 317, 320 “The Ad-Dressing of Cats” (poem), toward women, 332 228–29, 237 “American Literature and the American Adelphi, 390, 391–92, 393 Language” (lecture), 24, 284 Adorno, Theodor, 319 “Andrew Marvell” (essay), 306–08, Advocate (Harvard literary magazine), 4, 308–09 108, 311 Andrewes, Lancelot, 148, 152, 192, 201 Aeschylus, 76, 181, 248, 252 in “Journey of the Magi,” 191, 192, Africa, 87, 170, 346 193 African-American culture and black Anglicanism, TSE’s conversion to, 9, 17, ethnicity, 183–84, 186–87, 318, 54, 291, 337, 372, 399 345–48 effect on TSE’s thought, 47, 87, 133, see also jazz; minstrelsy, blackface; ragtime 191–92, 276–77, 298, 301, 331, After Strange Gods (lectures), 23, 88, 289, 357, 379 293, 298, 363, 373–74, 381, 384, negative reaction to, 9, 363, 429 405 see also Christianity and “free-thinking Jews,” 23–24, 150, “Animula” (poem), 194–96, 197, 234–35 335–36, 346, 381 anthropology, 5, 36–37, 55, 79–90, 142, and “Tradition and theCOPYRIGHTED Individual 251, MATERIAL 396 Talent,” 16, 276 and concept of “culture,” 37–38, 88–90, Agrarianism, 418–19 287, 288–89, 292, 295 Aiken, Conrad, 121, 392, 437 see also primitivism and the primitive; letters from TSE, 6, 58–59, 61, 94–95, ritual 348 anti-Semitism, 150, 319, 335, 381, Alain-Fournier, Henri, 5 423–24, 426–27 Aldington, Richard, 80 condemned in the Criterion, 395 ambivalence, 53–54, 63, 64, 110, 133, in Maurras, 290 134–35, 143, 320 in Pound’s Cantos, 420 464 Index anti-Semitism (cont’d) and evil, 141, 371–72 TSE’s footnote on in Notes towards the infl uence on TSE, 4, 36–37, 91, 93, 122, Defi nition of Culture, 336–37 146 see also Jewish fi gures in TSE’s work and The Waste Land, 159, 163 Ara Vos Prec (poems), 7, 8, 437–38 Bauman, Zygmunt, 424 Ariel Poems (sequence), 192–97, 438 Beardsley, Aubrey, 30 see also under specifi c titles Beardsley, Monroe, 421 Aristophanes, 180 “The Beating of a Drum” (essay), 84 Aristotle, 219, 221, 267 Becket, Saint Thomas, 10, 75, 243–47 TSE’s study of, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61–62, 63 Beckett, Samuel, 165 Arnaut Daniel, 9, 163, 201 Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, 194 Arnold, Matthew, 127, 140–41, 266, 390 Bede, Jean-Albert, 83 on “culture,” 88–89, 235, 291–92, 336 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 12, 221, 426 Arts and Letters, 316 Belgion, Montgomery, 395 Ashcroft, Peggy, 426 Bell, Clive, 396 Asher, Kenneth, 289, 290 Belloc, Hilaire, 396 Ash-Wednesday (poem), 47, 87–88, 133, “Ben Jonson” (essay), 414 192, 197–203 Benda, Julien, 391 composition and biographical Benedict, Ruth, 88 background, 4, 9, 191, 277, 388 Benét, William Rose, 438 gender in, 199–202, 331–32 Benjamin, Walter, 16 reception and early criticism, 438–39, Benn, Gottfried, 280 440 Benson, Stella, 429 “At Graduation 1905” (poem), 108 Bergonzi, Bernard, 265 Athenaeum, 152, 264, 396, 414, 437 Bergson, Henri, 5, 54, 55, 56, 131 Auden group, 407–08 infl uence on Prufrock poems, 56, 122, Auden, W. H., 205, 242, 246, 430, 431 124–25, 129–30, 326 TSE’s advocacy of, 13, 389, 399, 402, Bernhardt, Sarah, 139 407–08 Bhagavad-Gita see Hinduism “auditory imagination,” 83, 442, 444 Bidart, Frank, 458 Augustine, Saint, 7, 38, 46, 89, 219, 372 Binyon, Laurence, 389 “Aunt Helen” (poem), 130, 330 Blackmur, R. P., 412, 413, 421, 455 Blake, William, 148, 288, 371 Babbitt, Irving, 4–5, 372, 391, 394 Blast, 115, 120, 363 Balakian, Anna, 29, 31 Blissett, William, 218 “Ballade pour la grosse Lulu” (poem), Bloom, Harold, 279, 425, 432–34 113 Boas, Franz, 81, 88 ballet, 32, 34, 180, 271 Bollingen Prize controversy, 420–21 Barker, George, 389, 402 Bolo see “King Bolo” Barnes, Djuna, 13, 316, 318, 402, 403 Boni and Liveright, 8, 316 Barnes, J. S., 394 Bornstein, George, 315 Barthes, Roland, 450 Bosschère, Jean de, 270 Bartók, Bela, 221 Boston, 3, 4, 8, 108, 116, 122 Bateson, F. W., 415 Unitarianism, 342, 364–65, 371 “Baudelaire” (essay), 24, 277, 371–72 “The Boston Evening Transcript” (poem), Baudelaire, Charles, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31–32, 130, 135–36, 137, 138, 330 94, 307, 309 Bottrall, Ronald, 389 Index 465 Boyd, Ernest, 100 “Bustopher Jones: The Cat about Town” Bradbrook, Muriel, 416, 431 (poem), 231, 233–34 Bradley, F. H., 5, 19, 41–42, 48, 58, 62, “Byron” (essay), 285 63–64, 245, 326 Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 198, 277–78, and the “revolt against dualism,” 55, 285 60–61, 176 TSE’s dissertation on see Knowledge and Cailliet, Emile, 83 Experience in the Philosophy of F. H. Calendar of Modern Letters, 392–93, 396, 397 Bradley Cambridge University, 313, 411, 412, “Brief Treatise on the Criticism of 416–17 Poetry” (essay), 268 see also Clark Lectures Brooker, Jewel Spears, 150–51, 176, 437, “Cape Ann” (poem), 211–12 439 capitalism, TSE’s resistance to, 297, 378 Brooks, Cleanth, 411–12, 413, 420, 421, see also industrialism 455 Carlyle, Thomas, 263 on The Waste Land, 166, 439, 441–42, “Catholicism and International Order” 456 (lecture), 380, 382 Browne, E. Martin, 242, 243, 248, 257, Cats (musical), 12, 235–37 259, 260–61 Cavalcanti, Guido, 199 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 142 Chamberlain, Neville, 396 Browning, Robert, 4, 121–22, 426, 450 Chandler, Raymond, 68 and the “dissociation of sensibility,” 61, Chapbook, 210, 301 85, 306 Chaplin, Charlie, 75, 84 Buddha, 38, 41, 42, 43–44, 47, 49, 50 Chapman, George, 391 Fire Sermon, 45–47, 160 Charles I, 217, 223 Buddhism, 40–44 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 279 in The Cocktail Party, 47–51 Cheetham, Eric, 10 in Four Quartets, 43, 47 Chekhov, Anton, 242, 282 in The Waste Land, 44–47, 160 Chesterton, G. K., 219, 336 “Burbank with a Baedeker: Bleistein Chinitz, David, 355, 361 with a Cigar” (poem), 100–01, on TSE and popular culture, 34, 110, 139, 141, 151–52 162, 317, 319 Jewish fi gures in, 140, 141, 339–40, Chopin, Frédéric, 128 426–27 “Choruses from The Rock” (poems) see under Burgum, Edwin, 276 The Rock Burke, Edmund, 18, 297 Christianity, 44, 142, 143, 277, 291, Burke, Kenneth, 412, 455 336–37, 365, 370, 371–74 burlesque, 72, 93, 243, 251 in the Ariel poems, 192–96 “Burnt Norton” (poem), 12, 217, 218, in Ash-Wednesday, 199–202 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 246, 332, and Buddhism, 43–44, 44–47, 50–51 368–69 in Four Quartets, 219–21, 224, 225–26, biographical background, 11, 216, 217, 374 332, 359, 369 and Hinduism, 40–41 relation to other works by TSE, 197, 211, in Old Possum’s Book and Cats, 234, 212, 246 236–37 see also Four Quartets in TSE’s plays, 240–41, 244, 245, Bush, Ronald, 151, 154, 198 248–49, 250, 252–61, 277 466 Index Christianity (cont’d) Collège de France, 5 in TSE’s social criticism, 292–95, Collier, Patrick, 317 380–85, 394–95 Collingwood, R. G., 60 and The Waste Land, 441–42 “Columbo and Bolo” see “King Bolo” see also Anglicanism, TSE’s conversion to; communism, 383, 407, 409 Unitarianism TSE’s opposition to, 204–05, 379–80, Christie, Agatha, 68 393–94, 394–95 Churchill, Suzanne, 353, 357, 361 community, 228, 372–73 “The Church’s Message to the World” in Ash-Wednesday, 199 (lecture), 382 in The Cocktail Party, 48, 51, 76–77 cinema, 66, 77, 80, 183, 317 in The Family Reunion, 249 TSE’s critique of, 74, 75, 237, 319–20 in “Gerontion,” 148 Claire, Ina, 259 in “The Hollow Men,” 171 Clark Lectures, 8, 54, 56, 62, 306, 416 in Murder in the Cathedral, 245–46, 247 see also The Varieties of Metaphysical Poetry in Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats, 236 class, social, 296–97, 377–78 in The Rock, 220 classicism, 370, 397–98 in TSE’s 1930s plays, 240, 250 inadequacy as label for TSE, 19, 25, 133, in TSE’s social criticism, 11–12, 294–95, 192, 301, 308–09, 432 386 TSE on, 304–05, 370, 379, 391, 392–93 see also homogeneous societies, TSE’s TSE’s 1928 declaration of, 9, 17, 133, attraction to 191, 301, 337, 379 Complete Poems and Plays, 276 vs. romanticism, 5, 17, 269, 271–72, The Confi dential Clerk (play), 239, 251, 290–91, 304–05, 369–70, 380, 255–56, 258, 259, 261 see also under Murry, J. Middleton attenuation of “poetry” in, 13, 77, 261 “The Classics in France – and in Conrad, Joseph, 103, 169–71, 172, 173, England” (essay), 268 176 Clemenceau, Georges, 152 “Conversation Galante” (poem), 109, 126, Clutton-Brock, Arthur, 263 127, 128, 131, 135 The Cocktail Party (play), 13, 76–77, 88, “Convictions (Curtain Raiser)” (poem), 239, 242, 251, 252–55, 259 93–94 Buddhist elements, 47–51 “A Cooking Egg” (poem), 97–98, 138, Christian elements, 47–51, 254, 277 143, 340, 348 gender in, 332–33 Coppard, A. E., 389 poetic technique, 76–77, 260–61 Coriolan (poetic sequence), 192, 204–09 popularity of, 13, 68, 77, 259 see also “Triumphal March”; “Diffi culties sexuality in, 357–58 of a Statesman” Cocteau, Jean, 395 Cornford, Francis M., 36, 84 Codrington, R. H., 82 and Sweeney Agonistes, 180, 181, 189 Cohan, George M., 71 Coterie, 316 Cole, Merrill, 360 “Cousin Nancy” (poem), 130, 135, 330 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 225, 266, 291, Coward, Noel, 239 294 Cowley, Abraham, 308 Collected Plays, 179 Coyle, Michael, 319, 404–05 Collected Poems, 11, 204, 205, 209, 213, Crane, Hart, 389, 408, 456–57 218, 241 Crashaw, Richard, 8, 225 Index 467 Crawford, Robert, 36–37 Day Lewis, Cecil, 395, 425, 431 Critchley, Simon, 424 de Vries, Hugo, 267 Criterion (journal edited by TSE), 82, 137, Dean, Tim, 361 264, 313, 316, 379, 380, 388–98, “The Death of St.
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  • “The Auden Group”

    “The Auden Group”

    1 Subject: ENGLISH Class: B.A. Part 1 English Hons., Paper-1, Group B Topic: THE AUDEN GROUP Lecture No: 20 By: Prof. Sunita Sinha Head, Department of English Women’s College Samastipur L.N.M.U., Darbhanga Email: [email protected] Website: www.sunitasinha.com Mob No: 9934917117 “THE AUDEN GROUP” INTRODUCTION • The Auden Group or the Auden Generation is a group of British and Irish writers active in the 1930s that included W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, Cecil Day Lewis, Louis MacNeice and Christopher Isherwood. • The Auden Group is also sometimes referred to as the Nineteen Thirties Poets or The Oxford Poets who represented a new, more experimental literary style. • All the poets knew one another, and most had been educated at either Oxford or Cambridge, all sharing vaguely left-wing viewpoints. The writers associated with the grouping—W. H. Auden, Louis MacNeice, Cecil Day- 2 Lewis, Stephen Spender, Christopher Isherwood never gathered together in the same room, nor shared any coherent poetic or literary values. • Rather, the poets connected individually, particularly through Auden, who collaborated several times with both Isherwood and MacNeice, and wrote with Day-Lewis an introduction to the annual Oxford Poetry. • In the public mind, the individuals continued to be linked, with poet Roy Campbell referring to “MacSpaunday” in his 1946 work, Talking Bronco, a word created from the names of MacNeice (Mac), Spender (sp), Auden (au- n), and Day-Lewis (day). • The English Poetry of 1930s is primarily recognized as the poetry of leftist philosophy. The poets during this period were highly influenced by the philosophy of Karl Marx and his followers.