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Condominiums and Shared Sovereignty | 1
Condominiums and Shared Sovereignty | 1 Condominiums And Shared Sovereignty Abstract As the United Kingdom (UK) voted to leave the European Union (EU), the future of Gibraltar, appears to be in peril. Like Northern Ireland, Gibraltar borders with EU territory and strongly relies on its ties with Spain for its economic stability, transports and energy supplies. Although the Gibraltarian government is struggling to preserve both its autonomy with British sovereignty and accession to the European Union, the Spanish government states that only a form of joint- sovereignty would save Gibraltar from the same destiny as the rest of UK in case of complete withdrawal from the EU, without any accession to the European Economic Area (Hard Brexit). The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of Condominium as a federal political system based on joint-sovereignty and, by presenting the existing case of Condominiums (i.e. Andorra). The paper will assess if there are margins for applying a Condominium solution to Gibraltar. Condominiums and Shared Sovereignty | 2 Condominium in History and Political Theory The Latin word condominium comes from the union of the Latin prefix con (from cum, with) and the word dominium (rule). Watts (2008: 11) mentioned condominiums among one of the forms of federal political systems. As the word suggests, it is a form of shared sovereignty involving two or more external parts exercising a joint form of sovereignty over the same area, sometimes in the form of direct control, and sometimes while conceding or maintaining forms of self-government on the subject area, occasionally in a relationship of suzerainty (Shepheard, 1899). -
Sediment Dynamics in the Gulf of Lions: the Impact of Extreme Events
ARTICLE IN PRESS Continental Shelf Research 28 (2008) 1867–1876 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Continental Shelf Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/csr Introduction Sediment dynamics in the Gulf of Lions: The impact of extreme events 1. Introduction many small rivers along their western coasts. The Po and Rhoˆne, whose watersheds originate from the Alps, show a prevailing Investigating the fate of riverborne or resuspended sediment seasonal variability with a spring increase in discharge due to that is transported across continental margins is a fundamental snowmelt. However, extreme flood events associated with intense task in developing our understanding of the factors impacting precipitation also occur with sub-decadal recurrence intervals. benthic habitats and ecosystems, the dispersal and sequestration The small rivers on the western coasts are largely event of chemical elements (e.g., carbon, contaminants), and, in the long dominated. Flood sediment is primarily deposited on prodeltas term, the construction of sedimentary strata and evolution of with some redistribution along the shelf under the effect of a continental margin morphology. general cyclonic drift of the shelf circulation. Canyons at the Sediment transport on continental margins depends on a wide southwest (SW) terminus of the shelves intercept the transport variety of processes, including surface waves, bottom-boundary- pathways and control the part of the sediment that is transferred layer currents, and fluid stratification; and parameters such as directly to the deep basin. particle input rates, seabed characteristics, accumulation rates, The Adriatic Sea and the Gulf of Lions also differ in important and slope stability. Large sediment-transporting events lead to the respects, particularly in their morphology. -
Programa Congreso Red Rdb 130212 ENGLISH
Conference programme M EETIN G O F THE W O RLD N ETW O RK O F ISLAN D AN D CO ASTAL AREA BIO SPHERE RESERVES IN M EN O RCA (SPAIN ) M onday 13th of February 2012 Airport pick-up of those attending the conference and shuttle to the hotel. CO N FEREN CE O PEN IN G CEREM O N Y (Island Council of M enorca) 19:00 h. Institutional inauguration of the Conference (UN ESCO , N ational Parks Autonomous Body of Agriculture, Food and Environment M inistry, Island of Jeju Biosphere Reserve, M enorca Biosphere Reserve and Island Council of M enorca). 19:30 h. O pening conference: International outlook of the Island and Coastal Area Biosphere Reserves. M r. M iguel Clüsener-G odt. Ecology and Earth Sciences Department. UN ESCO M aB programme. Presentation of the M enorca Biosphere Reserve welcome video. 20.00 h W elcome cocktail party. 1st meeting of the world network of island biosphere reserves in menorca Tuesday 14th of February 2012 FIRST BLO CK (5 hours) Technical conference day (9 presentations) (Island Council of M enorca) Chairman: Joan Juaneda Presentations of the Jeju and M enorca biosphere reserves 08:00 h Presentation of the Jeju Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Korea) 09:00 h Presentation of the M enorca Biosphere Reserve (Spain) 10:00 h Coffee break. Presentations of the O ceania and Asia biosphere reserves 10:30 h Presentation of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Korea) 10:50 h Presentation of the Palawan Biosphere Reserve (Philippines) 11:10 h Presentation of the Siberut Biosphere Reserve (Indonesia) 11:30 h Presentation of the Yakushima Island Biosphere Reserve (Japan) 11:50 h Presentation of the Kornandorskiye Islands Biosphere Reserve (Russia) 12:45 h Reception at the M aó city council 13:00 h Lunch at the hotel. -
Global Governance, Conflict and China
Global Governance, Conflict and China <UN> Chinese Perspectives on Human Rights and Good Governance Editor-in-Chief Zhang Wei Editorial Board Bai Guimei – Ban Wenzhan – Chang Jian – Chen Shiqiu – Duan Qinghong – Han Dayuan – Li Buyun – Li Weiwei – Liu Hainian – Luo Yanhua – Shu Guoying – Sun Xiaoxia – Wei Mei – Xia Yinlan – Zhang Aining – Zhang Xiaoling – Zou Xiaoqiao Chairman of the International Advisory Board Gudmundur Alfredsson Members of International Advisory Board Florence Benoit-Rohmer – Brian Burdekin – Andrew Clapham – Barry Craig – Felipe Gomez-Isa – Jonas Grimheden – Zdzislaw Kedzia – Wayne Mackay – Peter Malanczuk – Fabrizio Marrela – Ineta Ziemele – Tom Zwart volume 2 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cphr <UN> Global Governance, Conflict and China By Matthias Vanhullebusch leiden | boston <UN> Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Vanhullebusch, Matthias. Title: Global governance, conflict and China / by Matthias Vanhullebusch. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill Nijhoff, 2018. | Series: Chinese perspectives on human rights and good governance ; volume 2 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2017052794 (print) | LCCN 2017055352 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004356498 (e-book) | ISBN 9789004356467 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: International law--China. | China--Foreign relations--1949- Classification: LCC KZ3410 (ebook) | LCC KZ3410 .V36 2018 (print) | DDC 355/.033551--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017052794 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2352-2593 isbn 978-90-04-35646-7 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-35649-8 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. -
Shellfish Reefs at Risk
SHELLFISH REEFS AT RISK A Global Analysis of Problems and Solutions Michael W. Beck, Robert D. Brumbaugh, Laura Airoldi, Alvar Carranza, Loren D. Coen, Christine Crawford, Omar Defeo, Graham J. Edgar, Boze Hancock, Matthew Kay, Hunter Lenihan, Mark W. Luckenbach, Caitlyn L. Toropova, Guofan Zhang CONTENTS Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................ 1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 10 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Condition of Oyster Reefs Globally Across Bays and Ecoregions ............ 14 Regional Summaries of the Condition of Shellfish Reefs ............................ 15 Overview of Threats and Causes of Decline ................................................................ 28 Recommendations for Conservation, Restoration and Management ................ 30 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 36 References ............................................................................................................................. -
Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas
Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA BASINS Main seas, straits and gulfs in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, together with locations mentioned in the text for the distribution of marine mammals and sea turtles Ukraine Russia SEA OF AZOV Kerch Strait Crimea Romania Georgia Slovenia France Croatia BLACK SEA Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Monaco Bosphorus LIGURIAN SEA Montenegro Strait Pelagos Sanctuary Gulf of Italy Lion ADRIATIC SEA Albania Corsica Drini Bay Spain Dardanelles Strait Greece BALEARIC SEA Turkey Sardinia Algerian- TYRRHENIAN SEA AEGEAN SEA Balearic Islands Provençal IONIAN SEA Syria Basin Strait of Sicily Cyprus Strait of Sicily Gibraltar ALBORAN SEA Hellenic Trench Lebanon Tunisia Malta LEVANTINE SEA Israel Algeria West Morocco Bank Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of SirteMEDITERRANEAN SEA Gaza Strip Jordan Suez Canal Egypt Gulf of Sirte Libya RED SEA Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas Compiled by María del Mar Otero and Michela Conigliaro The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by Compiled by María del Mar Otero IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain © IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Malaga, Spain Michela Conigliaro IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Copyright © 2012 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources With the support of Catherine Numa IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Annabelle Cuttelod IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the sources are fully acknowledged. -
Marine Plankton Diatoms of the West Coast of North America
MARINE PLANKTON DIATOMS OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY EASTER E. CUPP UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1943 BULLETIN OF THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA EDITORS: H. U. SVERDRUP, R. H. FLEMING, L. H. MILLER, C. E. ZoBELL Volume 5, No.1, pp. 1-238, plates 1-5, 168 text figures Submitted by editors December 26,1940 Issued March 13, 1943 Price, $2.50 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA _____________ CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND [CONTRIBUTION FROM THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, NEW SERIES, No. 190] PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Taxonomy and taxonomic names change over time. The names and taxonomic scheme used in this work have not been updated from the original date of publication. The published literature on marine diatoms should be consulted to ensure the use of current and correct taxonomic names of diatoms. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 1 General Discussion 2 Characteristics of Diatoms and Their Relationship to Other Classes of Algae 2 Structure of Diatoms 3 Frustule 3 Protoplast 13 Biology of Diatoms 16 Reproduction 16 Colony Formation and the Secretion of Mucus 20 Movement of Diatoms 20 Adaptations for Flotation 22 Occurrence and Distribution of Diatoms in the Ocean 22 Associations of Diatoms with Other Organisms 24 Physiology of Diatoms 26 Nutrition 26 Environmental Factors Limiting Phytoplankton Production and Populations 27 Importance of Diatoms as a Source of food in the Sea 29 Collection and Preparation of Diatoms for Examination 29 Preparation for Examination 30 Methods of Illustration 33 Classification 33 Key 34 Centricae 39 Pennatae 172 Literature Cited 209 Plates 223 Index to Genera and Species 235 MARINE PLANKTON DIATOMS OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY EASTER E. -
Barotropic Eastward Currents in the Western Gulf of Lion, North-Western Mediterranean Sea, During Stratified Conditions Andrei Petrenko, C
Barotropic eastward currents in the western Gulf of Lion, north-western Mediterranean Sea, during stratified conditions Andrei Petrenko, C. Dufau, C. Estournel To cite this version: Andrei Petrenko, C. Dufau, C. Estournel. Barotropic eastward currents in the western Gulf of Lion, north-western Mediterranean Sea, during stratified conditions. Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier, 2008, 74 (1-2), pp.406-428. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.03.004. hal-00518970 HAL Id: hal-00518970 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00518970 Submitted on 2 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Barotropic eastward currents in the western Gulf of Lion, north-western Mediterranean Sea, during stratified conditions A. Petrenko a,⁎, C. Dufau b,1, C. Estournel b a Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LOB-UMR 6535, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et de Biogéochimie, OSU/Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, Marseille, Francev b Pôle d'Océanographie Côtière, Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Toulouse, France The circulation of the Gulf of Lion, a large continental shelf north of the western basin of the Mediterranean Sea, is complex and highly variable. -
Download the Report
Menorca Preservation Fund INDEX 1. CONTEXT SUMMARY 2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT PER AREA OF INTEREST a. Marine Conservation b. Land Conservation and local food c. Fresh Water d. Waste Management e. Renewable Energy 3. INFORMATION SOURCES AND OTHER NGO’S: 4. INTERVIEWS 1 1. CONTEXT The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the Mediterranean, east of the Spanish mainland. Scientists regard these islands as one of the best-kept marine environments in the Mediterranean region. However, its ecosystems face significant pressure, due to many reasons including; recreational and industrial overfishing, mass tourism, inappropriate sewage systems, water consumption, boats anchoring in vulnerable areas, pollution from plastics and other materials etc. Menorca is the furthest east of the islands and is often called the jewel of the Mediterranean due to it traditionally being more low-key than its neighbours, Mallorca and Ibiza. This has often resulted in Menorca being side-lined in terms of funding and legislative priorities allocated from the Govern Balear (based in Mallorca) to protect its natural ecosystems and biodiversity. Menorca has an approximate population of 90,000 people and a surface of 700km2. However, during the summer months, the population rises to over 200,000 people. The island is divided into 8 administrative authorities (town halls) and these are governed by the Consell Insular de Menorca (CIME) who is in turn governed by the Govern de les Illes Balears. The Govern de las Illes Balears (GOIB) is responsible for making legal decisions affecting education, health, water, renewable energy and marine conservation, amongst others. However, with regards to the preservation of Menorca, the current Consell Insular is taking on a much more hands-on approach as they feel that the decisions affecting the island should be made, or at the very least informed by, the islands local government and town halls. -
Kids Stay Free Summer
KIDS STAY FREE ON YOUR SUMMER HOLIDAY 2020! KIDS STAY FREE TERMS AND CONDITIONS: The irst child under 12 years old will stay free of charge, sharing a standard double room with two adults. To take advantage of this offer, the child must be included in the booking. The following hotels offer free stays for children when you book between 9 September and 24 November 2019, for stays between 1 April 2020 and 31 October 2020. Don’t miss out! Book early HOTEL NAME CITY/COUNTRY KIDS STAY FREE MELIÁ VILLAITANA ALICANTE 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE SOL PELICANOS OCAS BENIDORM 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE MELIÁ BENIDORM BENIDORM 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE MELIÁ GRAND HERMITAGE BULGARIA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 11 YEARS GOES FREE SOL LUNA BAY RESORT BULGARIA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 11 YEARS GOES FREE SOL MARINA PALACE BULGARIA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 11 YEARS GOES FREE SOL NESSEBAR PALACE AI BULGARIA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 11 YEARS GOES FREE SOL NESSEBAR BAY AI BULGARIA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 11 YEARS GOES FREE SOL NESSEBAR MARE AI BULGARIA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 11 YEARS GOES FREE SOL SANCTI PETRI CADIZ 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE MELIÁ ATLANTERRA CADIZ 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE MELIÁ CALA D'OR CALA D´OR - MALLORCA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE SOL CALAS DE MALLORCA ALL INCLUSIVE CALAS DE MALLORCA - MALLORCA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE SOL MIRADOR DE CALAS CALAS DE MALLORCA - MALLORCA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE SOL CALA ANTENA CALAS DE MALLORCA - MALLORCA 1ST KID FROM 2 TO 12 YEARS GOES FREE MELIÁ CALVIA BEACH -
New Record of Dust Input and Provenance During Glacial Periods in Western Australia Shelf (IODP Expedition 356, Site U1461) from the Middle to Late Pleistocene
atmosphere Article New Record of Dust Input and Provenance during Glacial Periods in Western Australia Shelf (IODP Expedition 356, Site U1461) from the Middle to Late Pleistocene Margot Courtillat 1,2,* , Maximilian Hallenberger 3 , Maria-Angela Bassetti 1,2, Dominique Aubert 1,2 , Catherine Jeandel 4, Lars Reuning 5 , Chelsea Korpanty 6 , Pierre Moissette 7,8 , Stéphanie Mounic 9 and Mariem Saavedra-Pellitero 10,11 1 Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, F-66860 Perpignan, France; [email protected] (M.-A.B.); [email protected] (D.A.) 2 CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, F-66860 Perpignan, France 3 Energy & Mineral Resources Group, Geological Institute Wüllnerstr. 2, RWTH Aachen University, 52052 Aachen, Germany; [email protected] 4 Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, LEGOS (Université de Toulouse, CNRS/CNES/IRD/UPS), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; [email protected] 5 Institute of Geosciences, CAU Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany; [email protected] 6 MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany; [email protected] 7 Department of Historical Geology & Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; [email protected] -
State of the Climate in 2009
STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2009 D.S. Arndt, M.O. Baringer and M.R. Johnson, Eds. Associate Eds. L.V. Alexander, H.J. Diamond, R.L. Fogt, J.M. Levy, J. Richter-Menge, P.W. Thorne, L.A. Vincent, A.B. Watkins and K.M. Willett (a) Yearly mean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in 2009 and (b) SSTA differences between 2009 and 2008. Anomalies are defi ned as departures from the 1971-2000 climatology. Refer to Chapter 3, Figure 3.1 for a more detailed description. Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 91, No. 7, July 2010 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 06:29 AM UTC STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2009 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 06:29 AM UTC HOW TO CITE THIS DOCUMENT Citing the complete report: Arndt, D. S., M. O. Baringer, and M. R. Johnson, Eds., 2010: State of the Climate in 2009. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91 (7), S1–S224. Citing a chapter (example): Diamond, H. J., Ed., 2010: The tropics [in “State of the Climate in 2009”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91 (7), S79–S106. Citing a section (example): Halpert, M., G. D. Bell, and M. L’Heureux, 2010: ENSO and the Tropical Pacific [in “State of the Climate in 2009”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 91 (7), S79–S82. Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 06:29 AM UTC E DITOR & AUTHOR AffILIATIONS (alphabetical by name) EDITORS Attaher, Samar M., Agricultural Research Center, MALR, Alexander, Lisa V., Climate Change Research Centre, Universi- Cairo, Egypt ty of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Baez, Julian, DMH-DINAC / CTA-UCA, Asunción,