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Falkland Islands: Appendices

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Falkland Islands: Appendices UK Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies: 2011 Biodiversity snapshot. Falkland Islands: Appendices. Author: Nick Rendell, Environmental Planning Department, Falkland Island Government. More information available at: www.epd.gov.fk This section includes a series of appendices that provide additional in formation relating to that provided in the Falkland Islands chapter of the publication: UK Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies: 2011 Biodiversity snapshot. All information relating to the Falkland Islands is available at http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page- 5606 The entire publication is available for download at http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-5759 1 Table of Contents APPENDIX 1: BIODIVERSITY RELATED NATIONAL STRATEGIES AND LEGISLATION .. 3 APPENDIX 2: PROTECTED AREAS AND BIODIVERSITY/HABITAT SITES OF INTERNATIONAL BIODIVERSITY IMPORTANCE .............................................................. 11 APPENDIX 3: RESEARCH PRIORITIES ............................................................................. 18 APPENDIX 4: RESEARCH PRIORITIES ............................................................................. 15 TERRESTRIAL HABITATS ............................................................................................... 20 MARINE HABITATS .......................................................................................................... 20 INTERTIDAL HABITATS ................................................................................................... 21 FRESHWATER HABITATS ............................................................................................... 21 APPENDIX 6: SPECIES ....................................................................................................... 22 ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES .............................................................. 22 ENDEMIC FLORA ............................................................................................................. 24 NATIVE FLORA ................................................................................................................ 25 FRESHWATER ALGAE, MOSSES, LICHENS AND FUNGI............................................. 28 BIRD SPECIES ................................................................................................................. 29 TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES ................................................................................... 29 FRESHWATER FISH AND INVERTEBRATE SPECIES .................................................. 32 MARINE MAMMALS ......................................................................................................... 36 OTHER MARINE SPECIES .............................................................................................. 38 APPENDIX 7: BIODIVERSITY THREATS ............................................................................ 40 INVASIVE SPECIES (MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL) ..................................................... 40 FERAL GRAZING ANIMALS ............................................................................................. 44 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ......................................................................................... 45 APPENDIX 8: USEFUL CONTACTS .................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX 9: COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................... 56 2 APPENDIX 1: BIODIVERSITY RELATED NATIONAL STRATEGIES AND LEGISLATION National environmental strategies • The Falkland Islands Environmental Charter (September 2001) that lays out eleven key commitments for FIG and UK Government. http://www.ukotcf.org/pdf/charters/falklands.pdf • Falkland Islands Structure Plan (2001-16) http://www.epd.gov.fk/?page_id=131 • Falkland Islands Government Islands Plan (2009-14) http://www.falklands.gov.fk//The_Islands_Plan.html (Link) • Falkland Islands Biodiversity Strategy (2008-18) http://www.epd.gov.fk/?page_id=166(Link) • Falkland Islands State of the Environment Report 2008 http://www.epd.gov.fk/?page_id=166 (Link) • Falkland Islands Government National Oil Spill Contingency Plan 2009 National legislation 1. Conservation of Wildlife and Nature Ordinance 1999 http://www.falklandsconservation.com/wildlife/law.html 2. Endangered Species Ordinance 2003 3. Environment Protection (Overseas Territories) (Amendment) Order 1997 http://www.bgs.ac.uk/falklands-oil/download/Marine_Env_Prot_Ord_95.pdf 4. Fisheries (Conservation and Management) Ordinance 2005 5. Grass Fires Ordinance 2002 6. Marine Farming Ordinance 2006 7. Marine Mammals Ordinance 1992 http://www.bgs.ac.uk/falklandsoil/download/Marine_Mammals_Ord_92.pdf 8. Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution) Act 1971, Oil in Territorial Waters Ordinance & MARPOL 9. Offshore Minerals Ordinance 1994 http://www.bgs.ac.uk/falklands- oil/download/minsord.pdf 10. Plant Disease Regulation Controls 1944 and Customs Ordinance 20 03 – controls the import of plants and animals 11. Planning Ordinance 1991 – includes provisions for the preparation of development plans, the handling of planning applications and Environmental Impact Assessments Conservation of Wildlife and Nature Ordinance 1999 http://www.falklandsconservation.com/wildlife/law.html The Conservation of Wildlife and Nature Ordinance 1999 was drafted to replace the previous Wild Animals and Birds Protection Ordinance 1964. It contains provisions for the protection 3 of wild birds, wild animals and wild plants, introductions of new species an d for the designation of National Nature Reserves. It extends a cross all land and the territorial sea adjacent to the Falkla nd Islands up to a distance of twelve nautical miles to the baselin es. However, the Fish eries (Conservation and Management) Ordinance 2005 also exten ds the Con servation of Wildlife and Nature Ordinance 1999 to the fishing waters beyond the territorial sea. Introduction of New Species It is an offence to release or allow to escape in to the wild, any animal or bird which is of a kind not ordinarily resident or a visitor to the Falkland Islands. It is also an offence to plant or otherwise cause to grow in the wild any plant not ordinarily found growing in the wild. There is no enforcement of se ed mixtures used with in pasture improvement, although provision exists for the granting of licences. National Nature Reserves The ordinance provides for the designation of National Nature Reserves on any area of crown land, marine area or on privately owned land with the agreement of the owner. All Nature Reserve Orders or Sanctuary Orders p reviously designated un der the Wildlife and Birds Protection Ordin ance 1964 and the Nature Reserves Ordin ance 1964 were re- designated as National Nature Reserves under the new ordinance. There are eighteen National Nature Reserves (that is, 18 separa te sites, islands or geographically connected and wholly owned group of islan ds (Table 3.2, Fig. 3.2). Eight NNRs are owned by FIG, nine are privately owned a nd one is owned by Falklands Conservation. Under provisions in the Conservation of Wildlife and Nat ure Ordinance 1999, absolute, temporal or seasonal N NR-specific regulations can be made regarding access and use of the land and native wil dlife. These regulations would be in addition to those set out for protected animals and birds. Endangered Species Ordinance 2003 The Endangered Species Ordinance 2003 was enacted in order that t he Falkland Islands upholds the Conventio n on Intern ational Trade in Enda ngered Species (CITES). The ordinance controls the import and export of species listed under Appendix I, II and III of CITES and gives management authority of CITES to FIG (and delegated to the Department of Customs and Immigration). Und er a Me morandum of Understanding, FIG can request advice regarding the trade of CITES species from the Joint Nature Conservation Committee in UK. The Falkland Islands have been party to the Convention since 1973, although there are only a few species normally resident in the Falkland Islands that are CITES listed. There may be a need to review the listing for some of the uncommon gene ra that are listed and traded in UK, such as Olsynium and Calceolaria. But a s there are relatively few requests to export CITES-listed species fr om the Fal kland Islands, risks to Falkland Isl and biodiversity from such trade is considere d low at pre sent, and the regulatory regime is a dequate to address the issue. 4 There has been a moratorium in t he Falkland Islands since 2001 preventing the export of penguins or eggs for collections or breeding programmes. This will only change if there is a significant change in the conservation status of any of the penguin species and collection/capture is considered necessary for the species survival. Environment Protection (Overseas Territories) (Amendment) Order 1997 http://www.bgs.ac.uk/falklands-oil/download/Marine_Env_Prot_Ord_95.pdf The Environment Prot ection (Overseas Territ ories) (Amendment) Order1997 enables the provision of the London Dumping Convention to be imple mented in Falkland Island waters. It is very closely based on Part II of the UK F ood and En vironment Protection Act 1985. Under Section 3, a licence is required for dep osits in Falkland Islands waters or Falkland Islands controlled waters whether in the sea or under the sea-bed. A licence is req uired for deposits from a range of sources including vessels, platforms and other ma n-made structures, but excluding pipelines. Scuttling of vessels and incineration at sea also require
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