VOLUME I · Nº 2 · 2013 Editor: Gonzalo De Lucas (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)
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VOLUME I · Nº 2 · 2013 Editor: Gonzalo de Lucas (Universitat Pompeu Fabra). Associate Editor: Núria Bou (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Xavier Pérez (Universitat Pompeu Fabra). Advisory Board: Dudley Andrew (Yale University, USA), Jordi Balló (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain), Raymond Bellour (Université Sorbonne-Paris III, France), Nicole Brenez (Université Paris 1-Panthéon-Sorbonne, France), Maeve Connolly (Dun Laoghaire Institut of Art, Design and Technology, Irland), Thomas Elsaesser (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands), Gino Frezza (Università de Salerno, Italy), Chris Fujiwara (Edinburgh International Film Festival, United Kingdom), Jane Gaines (Columbia University, USA), Haden Guest (Harvard University, USA), Tom Gunning (University of Chicago, USA), John MacKay (Yale University, USA), Adrian Martin (Monash University, Australia), Cezar Migliorin (Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil), Meaghan Morris (University of Sidney, Australia and Lignan University, Hong Kong), Gilberto Perez (Sarah Lawrence College, USA), Àngel Quintana (Universitat de Girona, Spain), Joan Ramon Resina (Stanford University, USA), Eduardo A.Russo (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina), Yuri Tsivian (University of Chicago, USA), Vicente Sánchez Biosca (Universitat de València, Spain), Jenaro Talens (Université de Genève, Switzerland and Universitat de València, Spain), Michael Witt (Roehampton University, United Kingdom). Editorial Team: Francisco Javier Benavente (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Alejandro Montiel (Universitat de València), Raffaelle Pinto (Universitat de Barcelona), Ivan Pintor (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Glòria Salvadó (Universitat Pompeu Fabra). Executive Issue Editor: Francisco Algarín Navarro (Universitat Pompeu Fabra). Editorial Assistants: Núria Aidelman (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Margarida Carnicé (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Albert Elduque (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Endika Rey (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Helena Vilalta (Universitat Pompeu Fabra). Contributors: Miguel Armas, Peter von Bagh, Javier Bassas Vila, Alfonso Crespo, Fernando Ganzo, Xavier Garcia Bardon, Pierre Léon, Miguel Marías, David Phelps, Marcos Uzal. Translators: Francisco Algarín Navarro, Javier Bassas Vila, Albert Elduque, Fernando Ganzo, Lupe Núñez-Fernandez, Endika Rey, Alex Reynolds, Helena Vilalta. Original design and layout: Pau Masaló. Special Thanks:Miguel Armas, Álvaro Arroba, Nicole Brenez, Bernard Eisenschitz, Fernando Ganzo, Miguel García, Flo Jacobs, Ken Jacobs, Alexandra Jordana, Pierre Léon, David Phelps, Jackie Raynal, Gina Telaroli, Marta Verheyen. Manager: Aitor Martos. Publisher: Colectivo de Investigación Estética de los Medios Audivisuales (CINEMA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). This issue has been funded with the economic support of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, through OCEC Project (Observatory on Contemporary European Cinema), with reference number HAR2009-11786. Place of publication: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Departamento de Comunicación. Campus de la Comunicación – Poblenou. Roc Boronat, 138 08018, Barcelona (Spain). E-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.upf.edu/comparativecinema Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema, Volume 1, Nº 2, «Forms in revolution», Barcelona, 2013. Legal Deposit: B.29702-2012. ISSN: 2014-8933. Some rights are reserved. Published by Universitat Pompeu Fabra and the Observatory of European Contemporary Cinema under a Creative Commons License (Attribution – NonCommercial – ShareAlike 3.0 Unported). Cover image: Deux ou trois choses que je sais d’elle (Jean-Luc Godard, 1967) Introduction Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema is a biannual publication founded in 2012. It is edited by Colectivo de Investigación Estética de los Medios Audiovisuales (CINEMA) at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), and focuses on comparative cinema and the reception and interpretation of film in different social and political contexts. Each issue investigates the conceptual and formal relationships between films, material processes and production and exhibition practices, the history of ideas and film criticism. Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema addresses an original area of research, developing a series of methodologies for a comparative study of cinema. With this aim, it also explores the relationship between cinema and comparative literature as well as other contemporary arts such as painting, photography, music or dance, and audio-visual media. Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema is published in three languages: Catalan, Spanish and English. The issues come out in June and December. At least half of the articles included in the journal are original texts, of which at least 50% are written by authors external to the publishing organisation. The journal is peer-reviewed and uses internal and external evaluation committees. Finally, each issue of the journal is complemented by documentary materials and texts published online, which facilitate and enrich the topics studied in each volume, thus establishing links between longer research projects and monographic focuses throughout this process. Summary Editorial by Gonzalo de Lucas / 7 FILMS UNDER DISCUSSION. INTERVIEWS The Power of Political, Militant, ‘Leftist’ Cinema. Interview with Jacques Rancière by Javier Bassas Vila / 9 A French Roman. A Story about the Influence of Soviet Avant-Garde on Cahiers du Cinéma and the Later Rediscovery of Nicolas Ray. An Interview with Bernard Eisenschitz by Fernando Ganzo / 18 A conversation with Jackie Raynal by Pierre Léon (in collaboration with Fernando Ganzo) / 29 Interview with Ken and Flo Jacobs. Part 1: Interruptions by David Phelps / 42 ARTICLES EXPRMNTL: an Expanded Festival. Programming and Polemics at EXPRMNTL 4, Knokke-le-Zoute, 1967 by Xavier Garcia Bardon / 53 The Wondrous 60s: an e-mail exchange between Miguel Marías and Peter von Bagh by Miguel Marías and Peter von Bagh / 65 Paradoxes of the Nouvelle Vague by Marcos Uzal / 77 REVIEWS Glòria Salvadó Corretger. Espectres del cinema portuguès contemporani: Història i fantasmes en les imatges by Miguel Armas / 83 Rithy Panh (in collaboration with Christophe Bataille). La eliminación by Alfonso Crespo / 85 EDITORIAL · Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema · Vol. I · No. 2. · 2013 · 7-8 Editorial. Forms in Revolution Gonzalo de Lucas In a recent interview, Brian Eno reminisced classical, modern, experimental, documentary, his idea, in relation to the digital, that the and without the need to separate them in such problems or imperfections of a medium end up strict categories, as it would happen later on and becoming its most characteristic form: ‘when until the present day. you distort something digitally it sounds ‘wrong’ in traditional terms. But that glitch, those little During the years before May 68, in an arc tics, are the character of this new digital world; that could be traced between 1963 and 67, if we they are its sonic form, if you like. Distortion is take as a reference the two key editions of Knokke always the signature of things. If you see a 1930s of that decade, cinema experienced a formal photograph and it has grain, what it shows doesn’t revolution in which aesthetics and politics were in matter much; you know its origin because of its sync. Just before entering academic departments, physical aspect. Each era shows its personality cinema declared itself anti-academic and anti- through what is wrong’. (GALINDO, 2012: 25). canonical, a thought to be continuously discussed and experienced. It is not surprising then, that In the 1960s, the awareness of the those were untameable years, and that they also possibilities of distortion was expanded in represent a distortion for any honest attempt at a relation to photosensitive film, 16mm in lineal order. particular. In that time, more perhaps than in any other period, cinema expressed itself through After that would come all the conquests of distortions, through what was ‘wrong’, recording academic regulation that would culminate in and amplifying the margins and defects of the cinema festivals as we know them today. In 1976, medium itself, such as the grain of the film or the precisely during his anti-cours for Canadian noise of direct sound, and hence working on its television, Langlois already warned: ‘There are matter. In Hollywood, the old masters explored two film-makers that today represent what I call the shadows, and in New York luminosity, until cinema in freedom. (…) One day I listened to they blinded the images. Picasso explain to someone, when talking about Van Gogh: “He is the man who taught us to paint It was a period brimming with formal badly”. Well, the man who taught us to make films inventions that would result in the germ of badly is called Andy Warhol. (…) If you watch the stylistic findings of successive decades: the closely a film by Godard, or one by Warhol, you descent of the sacred to worldly life (in Buñuel, will see that they are both completely immersed Oliveira, Pasolini and later Garrel), would only in life. This is what I call cinema in freedom. A be an example. Inventions in all the cinemas and cinema that is not afraid of breaking something places: the old and the new, here and elsewhere, and to show it’. (LANGLOIS, 2006: 259). • LANGLOIS, Henri (2006), «Le cinéma en liberté. GALINDO, Bruno (2012). «Brian Eno. Brian the Brian». Warhol / Godard». In Jean-Luc Godard. Documents. En Rockdelux, nº311, November, p.25. París. Centre Pompidou. 7 FILMS UNDER DISCUSSION / INTERVIEWS · Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema · Vol. I · No. 2. · 2013 · 9-17 The Power of Political, Militant, ‘Leftist’ Cinema. Interview with Jacques