Ecography ECOG-03995 Becciu, P., Menz, M., Aurbach, A., Cabrera-Cruz, S
Ecography ECOG-03995 Becciu, P., Menz, M., Aurbach, A., Cabrera-Cruz, S. A., Wainwright, C., Scacco, M., Ciach, M., Pettersson, L. B., Maggini, I., Arroyo, G. M., Buler, J. J., Reynolds D. and Sapir, N. 2019. Environmental effects on flying migrants revealed by radar. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ ecog.03995 Supplementary material 1 APPENDIX 2 Details of the behavioral responses of migrants in relation to atmospheric conditions and geographic 3 features 4 5 1. Flight initiation, termination and migration intensity 6 Insects 7 WIND: Radar studies have revealed that wind speed and direction have pronounced effects on 8 migratory departure and landing and consequently on the intensity of migration aloft (Rose et al. 1985, 9 Chapman et al. 2010, 2015a, Drake and Reynolds 2012). Favorable seasonal tailwinds (e.g. northerlies in 10 autumn) are associated with high migration intensity of many insects over the southern UK (Hu et al. 11 2016). Specifically, seasonally advantageous high-altitude tailwinds promote the initiation and 12 maintenance of migratory flight of autumn generation of the noctuid moth Autographa gamma heading 13 south, from northern Europe to the wintering grounds around the Mediterranean Sea (Chapman et al. 2008, 14 2015b). Airflows associated with synoptic scale fronts can provide short term ‘windows’ for crucial, 15 seasonally-adaptive movements in directions different from those in which the prevailing wind direction 16 would take the migrants. For example, massive autumn insect migration was associated with the passage 17 of synoptic-scale cold fronts, with insects flying in northerly winds immediately behind the leading edge 18 of the front (e.g., Beerwinkle et al.
[Show full text]