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Tussen Feit En Fictie. De Katholieke Beeldvorming Over Het Verzet, 1944-1950 De Katholieken En Het Verzet: Een Snel Verzuurde Relatie?

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Tussen Feit En Fictie. De Katholieke Beeldvorming Over Het Verzet, 1944-1950 De Katholieken En Het Verzet: Een Snel Verzuurde Relatie? Tussen feit en fictie. De katholieke beeldvorming over het verzet, 1944-1950 De katholieken en het verzet: een snel verzuurde relatie? Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Geschiedenis aan de Universiteit Gent Hannes Raes Promotor: Prof. Dr. Bruno De Wever Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Departement Geschiedenis Vakgroep Nieuwste Geschiedenis Academiejaar 2008-2009 Dankwoord Een thesis schrijf je niet alleen. Zonder de steun van een heleboel mensen tijdens mijn onderzoek, had dit proefschrift ongetwijfeld nu niet in uw handen gelegen. Bij deze wil ik dan ook iedereen bedanken die bij het tot stand komen van dit proefschrift een hulp en/of steun betekenden. Bijzondere dank gaat uit naar mijn promotor, Prof. Dr. Bruno De Wever, voor het nalezen en corrigeren van mijn onafgewerkte versies. Daarnaast hebben zijn raad en wetenschappelijk inzicht in de materie mij enorm vooruit geholpen tijdens mijn onderzoek. Een tweede persoon die ik hier expliciet wil vernoemen is mijn moeder. Haar bedank ik voor het nalezen en corrigeren van mijn teksten. Ik bekijk deze masterproef als het ‘sluitstuk’ van de vier jaar durende opleiding geschiedenis en wens dan ook van de gelegenheid gebruik te maken om mijn ouders te bedanken voor gekregen steun gedurende die tijd. Ten slotte nog een woordje van dank gericht aan Jade, voor haar steun en begrip, voor er ‘gewoon’ altijd te zijn voor mij, in deze toch ietwat ‘stressvollere’ periode waarin dit proefschrift tot stand kwam. 1 Inhoudsopgave Dankwoord........................................................................................................................... 1 Inhoudsopgave.................................................................................................................... 2 Lijst met gebruikte afkortingen .......................................................................................... 6 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................... 7 Deel 1: Theoretische beschouwingen.............................................................................. 10 Hoofdstuk 1: Probleemstelling......................................................................................... 11 Hoofdstuk 2: Methodologie .............................................................................................. 17 1. Publieke opinie achterhalen aan de hand van personderzoek?......................... 17 2. Mijn werkmethode. Geschreven pers als bronnenmateriaal............................... 20 3. Een kwalitatieve analyse van mijn bronnen. Op zoek naar het discours… ....... 25 3.1. Discours plaatsen in zijn maatschappelijke context............................................ 26 3.2. Theoretisch model van de linguïstische pragmatiek ........................................... 27 Hoofdstuk 3: Historische achtergrond............................................................................. 30 1. Het Belgische verzet.............................................................................................. 31 1.1. Ontstaan van het verzet. Antifascisme en patriottisme ....................................... 32 1.2. Het verzet tijdens de bezetting ........................................................................... 35 1.2.1. De verzetsorganisaties ......................................................................... 35 1.2.2. De houding van katholieken, socialisten en liberalen t.o.v. het verzet... 40 1.2.3. De soorten acties van het verzet .......................................................... 42 1.3. De rol van het verzet tijdens de bevrijding.......................................................... 43 1.4. Het verzet ná de bevrijding................................................................................. 45 1.4.1. Een machtsvacuüm moet ingevuld worden........................................... 45 1.4.2. Ordehandhaving in het naoorlogse België ............................................ 47 1.4.3. Het verzet en de repressie.................................................................... 49 1.5. De ‘identiteit’ van ‘het verzet’?............................................................................ 51 2. De Katholieken....................................................................................................... 55 2.1. Voor de oorlog ................................................................................................... 56 2.2. Tijdens de bezetting........................................................................................... 62 2.3. Na de bevrijding van België................................................................................ 67 3. Een blik op de gekozen periodieken..................................................................... 72 3.1. De Standaard/De Nieuwe Standaard ................................................................. 73 3.1.1. Ontstaan............................................................................................... 73 2 3.1.2. Houding tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog ............................................ 74 3.1.3. De situatie in de periode 1944-1950 ..................................................... 75 3.2. Het Volk ............................................................................................................. 77 3.2.1. Ontstaan............................................................................................... 77 3.2.2. Houding tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog ............................................ 78 3.2.3. De situatie in de periode 1944-1950 ..................................................... 78 3.3. La Libre Belgique ............................................................................................... 79 3.3.1. Ontstaan............................................................................................... 79 3.3.2. Houding tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog ............................................ 80 3.3.3. De situatie in de periode 1944-1950 ..................................................... 80 3.4. La Métropole...................................................................................................... 81 3.5. Gazet van Antwerpen......................................................................................... 81 3.5.1. Ontstaan............................................................................................... 81 3.5.2. Houding tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog ............................................ 82 3.5.3. De situatie in de periode 1944-1950 ..................................................... 83 3.6. De Vlaamse Linie............................................................................................... 84 3.6.1. Ontstaan............................................................................................... 84 3.6.2. De situatie in de periode 1944-1950 ..................................................... 85 3.7. De Gids op Maatschappelijk Gebied .................................................................. 86 3.7.1. Ontstaan............................................................................................... 86 3.7.2. Houding tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog ............................................ 86 3.7.3. De situatie in de periode 1944-1950 ..................................................... 86 Deel 2: Op zoek naar de beeldvorming over het verzet…............................................... 88 Hoofdstuk 1: Het Verzet in actie tegen de bezetter......................................................... 89 1. Over de ‘verzetsactiviteiten’ tijdens de oorlog…................................................. 91 1.1. Gazet van Antwerpen......................................................................................... 91 1.2. La Libre Belgique ............................................................................................... 95 1.3. La Métropole...................................................................................................... 98 1.4. De Nieuwe Standaard ........................................................................................ 98 1.5. Het Volk ............................................................................................................100 1.6. De Gids op Maatschappelijk Gebied .................................................................103 1.7. De Vlaamse Linie..............................................................................................103 2. Besluit....................................................................................................................105 Hoofdstuk 2: Het Verzet en de Repressie .......................................................................108 1. De volksrepressies ...............................................................................................112 3 1.1. Gazet van Antwerpen........................................................................................112 1.2. La Libre Belgique ..............................................................................................115 1.3. La Métropole.....................................................................................................117 1.4. De Nieuwe Standaard .......................................................................................117 1.5. Het Volk ............................................................................................................119 1.6. De Gids op Maatschappelijk
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