Blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of the Faroe Islands, Species List and Collection Sites
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10 Arthropods and Corpses
Arthropods and Corpses 207 10 Arthropods and Corpses Mark Benecke, PhD CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY AND EARLY CASEWORK WOUND ARTIFACTS AND UNUSUAL FINDINGS EXEMPLARY CASES: NEGLECT OF ELDERLY PERSONS AND CHILDREN COLLECTION OF ARTHROPOD EVIDENCE DNA FORENSIC ENTOMOTOXICOLOGY FURTHER ARTIFACTS CAUSED BY ARTHROPODS REFERENCES SUMMARY The determination of the colonization interval of a corpse (“postmortem interval”) has been the major topic of forensic entomologists since the 19th century. The method is based on the link of developmental stages of arthropods, especially of blowfly larvae, to their age. The major advantage against the standard methods for the determination of the early postmortem interval (by the classical forensic pathological methods such as body temperature, post- mortem lividity and rigidity, and chemical investigations) is that arthropods can represent an accurate measure even in later stages of the postmortem in- terval when the classical forensic pathological methods fail. Apart from esti- mating the colonization interval, there are numerous other ways to use From: Forensic Pathology Reviews, Vol. 2 Edited by: M. Tsokos © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ 207 208 Benecke arthropods as forensic evidence. Recently, artifacts produced by arthropods as well as the proof of neglect of elderly persons and children have become a special focus of interest. This chapter deals with the broad range of possible applications of entomology, including case examples and practical guidelines that relate to history, classical applications, DNA typing, blood-spatter arti- facts, estimation of the postmortem interval, cases of neglect, and entomotoxicology. Special reference is given to different arthropod species as an investigative and criminalistic tool. Key Words: Arthropod evidence; forensic science; blowflies; beetles; colonization interval; postmortem interval; neglect of the elderly; neglect of children; decomposition; DNA typing; entomotoxicology. -
Use of Necrophagous Insects As Evidence of Cadaver Relocation
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 1 August 2017. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/3506), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Charabidze D, Gosselin M, Hedouin V. 2017. Use of necrophagous insects as evidence of cadaver relocation: myth or reality? PeerJ 5:e3506 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3506 Use of necrophagous insects as evidence of cadaver relocation: myth or reality? Damien CHARABIDZE Corresp., 1 , Matthias GOSSELIN 2 , Valéry HEDOUIN 1 1 CHU Lille, EA 7367 - UTML - Unite de Taphonomie Medico-Legale, Univ Lille, 59000 Lille, France 2 Research Institute of Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, UMONS - Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium Corresponding Author: Damien CHARABIDZE Email address: [email protected] The use of insects as indicators of postmortem displacement is discussed in many text, courses and TV shows, and several studies addressing this issue have been published. However, the concept is widely cited but poorly understood, and only a few forensic cases have successfully applied such a method. Surprisingly, this question has never be taken into account entirely as a cross-disciplinary theme. The use of necrophagous insects as evidence of cadaver relocation actually involves a wide range of data on their biology: distribution areas, microhabitats, phenology, behavioral ecology and molecular analysis are among the research areas linked to this problem. This article reviews for the first time the current knowledge on these questions and analysze the possibilities/limitations of each method to evaluate their feasibility. This analysis reveals numerous weaknesses and mistaken beliefs but also many concrete possibilities and research opportunities. -
Do Longer Sequences Improve the Accuracy of Identification of Forensically Important Calliphoridae Species?
Do longer sequences improve the accuracy of identification of forensically important Calliphoridae species? Sara Bortolini1, Giorgia Giordani2, Fabiola Tuccia2, Lara Maistrello1 and Stefano Vanin2 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy 2 School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom ABSTRACT Species identification is a crucial step in forensic entomology. In several cases the calculation of the larval age allows the estimation of the minimum Post-Mortem Interval (mPMI). A correct identification of the species is the first step for a correct mPMI estimation. To overcome the difficulties due to the morphological identification especially of the immature stages, a molecular approach can be applied. However, difficulties in separation of closely related species are still an unsolved problem. Sequences of 4 different genes (COI, ND5, EF-1α, PER) of 13 different fly species collected during forensic experiments (Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, Lu- cilia sericata, Lucilia illustris, Lucilia caesar, Chrysomya albiceps, Phormia regina, Cyno- mya mortuorum, Sarcophaga sp., Hydrotaea sp., Fannia scalaris, Piophila sp., Megaselia scalaris) were evaluated for their capability to identify correctly the species. Three concatenated sequences were obtained combining the four genes in order to verify if longer sequences increase the probability of a correct identification. The obtained results showed that this rule does not work for the species L. caesar and L. illustris. Future works on other DNA regions are suggested to solve this taxonomic issue. Subjects Entomology, Taxonomy Submitted 19 March 2018 Keywords ND5, COI, PER, Diptera, EF-1α, Maximum-likelihood, Phylogeny Accepted 17 October 2018 Published 17 December 2018 Corresponding author INTRODUCTION Stefano Vanin, [email protected] Species identification is a crucial step in forensic entomology. -
UNIVERSITY of WINCHESTER the Post-Feeding Larval Dispersal Of
UNIVERSITY OF WINCHESTER The post-feeding larval dispersal of forensically important UK blow flies Molly Mae Mactaggart ORCID Number: 0000-0001-7149-3007 Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 This Thesis has been completed as a requirement for a postgraduate research degree of the University of Winchester. No portion of the work referred to in the Thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institute of learning. I confirm that this Thesis is entirely my own work Copyright © Molly Mae Mactaggart 2018 The post-feeding larval dispersal of forensically important UK blow flies, University of Winchester, PhD Thesis, pp 1-208, ORCID 0000-0001-7149- 3007. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Copies (by any process) either in full, or of extracts, may be made only in accordance with instructions given by the author. Details may be obtained from the RKE Centre, University of Winchester. This page must form part of any such copies made. Further copies (by any process) of copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the permission (in writing) of the author. No profit may be made from selling, copying or licensing the author’s work without further agreement. 2 Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisors Dr Martin Hall, Dr Amoret Whitaker and Dr Keith Wilkinson for their continued support and encouragement. Throughout the course of this PhD I have realised more and more how lucky I have been to have had such a great supervisory team. -
Protophormia Terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) a New Forensic Indicator to South-Western Europe
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante Ciencia Forense, 12/2015: 137–152 ISSN: 1575-6793 PROTOPHORMIA TERRAENOVAE (ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830) (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) A NEW FORENSIC INDICATOR TO SOUTH-WESTERN EUROPE Anabel Martínez-Sánchez1 Concepción Magaña2 Martin Toniolo Paola Gobbi Santos Rojo Abstract: Protophormia terraenovae larvae are found frequently on corpses in central and northern Europe but are scarce in the Mediterranean area. We present the first case in the Iberian Peninsula where P. terraenovae was captured during autopsies in Madrid (Spain). In the corpse other nec- rophagous flies were found, Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps and Sarcopha- ga argyrostoma. To calculate the posmortem interval, the life cycle of P. ter- raenovae was studied at constant temperature, room laboratory and natural fluctuating conditions. The total developmental time was 16.61±0.09 days, 16.75±4.99 days in the two first cases. In natural conditions, developmental time varied between 31.22±0.07 days (average temperature: 15.6oC), 15.58±0.08 days (average temperature: 21.5oC) and 14.9±0.10 days (average temperature: 23.5oC). Forensic importance and the implications of other necrophagous Diptera presence is also discussed. Key words: Calliphoridae, forensic entomology, accumulated degrees days, fluctuating temperatures, competition, postmortem interval, Spain. Resumen: Las larvas de Protophormia terraenovae se encuentran con frecuen- cia asociadas a cadáveres en el centro y norte de Europa pero son raras en el área Mediterránea. Presentamos el primer caso en la Península Ibérica don- 1 Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales/Instituto Universitario CIBIO-Centro Iberoame- ricano de la Biodiversidad. -
AUGUST 30TH 2018 Welcome To
27th MAY 11TH – AUGUST 30TH 2018 Welcome to WELCOME SUMMARTÓNAR 2018 This year we celebrate the 27th Summartónar festival This year the Association of Faroese more regular, especially with the annual CONTENTS Composers (Felagið Føroysk Tónaskøld) Spring Concert and a series of concerts Programme .................................................................................... 8 celebrates the 27th Summartónar festival. over the summer in collaboration with the Artists ........................................................................................ 24 Listasavn Føroya. In 1991 a concert with Composers and songwriters featured at summartónar 2018 ................................... 33 The majority of the programme is of Faroese works by several Faroese composers was Other information ............................................................................. 33 music, performed by Faroese musicians. presented at the St Magnus Festival in Orkney. Partners ...................................................................................... 34 Photography by veingir However, Summartónar is also an international After participating at a festival in a community event with visiting performers, composers, comparable with the Faroe Islands, we and song-writers from around the world: from decided to establish a similar festival the Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, following year in the Faroes. We used the Russia, Belgium, USA, Scotland, Slovenia, name Summartónar from the beginning and The Nordic House Italy, Argentina, Germany, -
Enhancing Forensic Entomology Applications: Identification and Ecology
Enhancing forensic entomology applications: identification and ecology A Thesis Submitted to the Committee on Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Arts and Science TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Sarah Victoria Louise Langer 2017 Environmental and Life Sciences M.Sc. Graduate Program September 2017 ABSTRACT Enhancing forensic entomology applications: identification and ecology Sarah Victoria Louise Langer The purpose of this thesis is to enhance forensic entomology applications through identifications and ecological research with samples collected in collaboration with the OPP and RCMP across Canada. For this, we focus on blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and present data collected from 2011-2013 from different terrestrial habitats to analyze morphology and species composition. Specifically, these data were used to: 1) enhance and simplify morphological identifications of two commonly caught forensically relevant species; Phormia regina and Protophormia terraenovae, using their frons-width to head- width ratio as an additional identifying feature where we found distinct measurements between species, and 2) to assess habitat specificity for urban and rural landscapes, and the scale of influence on species composition when comparing urban and rural habitats across all locations surveyed where we found an effect of urban habitat on blow fly species composition. These data help refine current forensic entomology applications by adding to the growing knowledge of distinguishing morphological features, and our understanding of habitat use by Canada’s blow fly species which may be used by other researchers or forensic practitioners. Keywords: Calliphoridae, Canada, Forensic Science, Morphology, Cytochrome Oxidase I, Distribution, Urban, Ecology, Entomology, Forensic Entomology ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Blow flies are among the most familiar of insects. -
Terry Whitworth 3707 96Th ST E, Tacoma, WA 98446
Terry Whitworth 3707 96th ST E, Tacoma, WA 98446 Washington State University E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Published in Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Vol. 108 (3), 2006, pp 689–725 Websites blowflies.net and birdblowfly.com KEYS TO THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF BLOW FLIES (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO UPDATES AND EDITS AS OF SPRING 2017 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................... 5 Separating families ....................................................................................................... 10 Key to subfamilies and genera of Calliphoridae ........................................................... 13 See Table 1 for page number for each species Table 1. Species in order they are discussed and comparison of names used in the current paper with names used by Hall (1948). Whitworth (2006) Hall (1948) Page Number Calliphorinae (18 species) .......................................................................................... 16 Bellardia bayeri Onesia townsendi ................................................... 18 Bellardia vulgaris Onesia bisetosa ..................................................... -
Arthropod Succession in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and Compared Development of Protophormia Terraenovae (R.-D.) from Beringia and the Great Lakes Region
Arthropod Succession in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory and Compared Development of Protophormia terraenovae (R.-D.) from Beringia and the Great Lakes Region By Katherine Rae-Anne Bygarski A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Applied Bioscience In The Faculty of Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology July 2012 © Katherine Bygarski, 2012 Certificate of Approval ii Copyright Agreement iii Abstract Forensic medicocriminal entomology is used in the estimation of post-mortem intervals in death investigations, by means of arthropod succession patterns and the development rates of individual insect species. The purpose of this research was to determine arthropod succession patterns in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, and compare the development rates of the dominant blowfly species (Protophormia terraenovae R.-D.) to another population collected in Oshawa, Ontario. Decomposition in Whitehorse occurred at a much slower rate than is expected for the summer season, and the singularly dominant blowfly species is not considered dominant or a primary colonizer in more southern regions. Development rates of P. terraenovae were determined for both fluctuating and two constant temperatures. Under natural fluctuating conditions, there was no significant difference in growth rate between studied biotypes. Results at repeated 10°C conditions varied, though neither biotype completed development indicating the published minimum development thresholds for this species are underestimated. Keywords: Forensic entomology, decomposition, Protophormia terraenovae, minimum development threshold. iv Acknowledgments This research would not have completed without the collaboration, assistance, guidance and support of so many people and organizations. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Helene LeBlanc for her supervision, support and advice throughout this project. -
Development and Validation of a New Technique for Estimating a Minimum Postmortem Interval Using Adult Blow Fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Carcass Attendance
Int J Legal Med DOI 10.1007/s00414-014-1094-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Development and validation of a new technique for estimating a minimum postmortem interval using adult blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) carcass attendance Rachel M. Mohr & Jeffery K. Tomberlin Received: 6 May 2014 /Accepted: 6 October 2014 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract Understanding the onset and duration of adult Introduction blow fly activity is critical to accurately estimating the period of insect activity or minimum postmortem interval (minPMI). When an animal dies, it attracts a variety of scavengers that Few, if any, reliable techniques have been developed and break down the body and return its nutrients to the soil [1]. consequently validated for using adult fly activity to deter- The preeminent mechanism of that mechanical breakdown is mine a minPMI. In this study, adult blow flies (Diptera: the feeding of immature arthropods such as blow flies Calliphoridae) of Cochliomyia macellaria and Chrysomya (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Although the mobile adult insects rufifacies were collected from swine carcasses in rural central arrive before their progeny, blow fly larvae have predictable, Texas, USA, during summer 2008 and Phormia regina and thermally dependent development, which can be used to esti- Calliphora vicina in the winter during 2009 and 2010. Carcass mate a “postmortem interval” (PMI) [2]. Therefore, most attendance patterns of blow flies were related to species, sex, existing research on insect/carcass interaction has focused on and oocyte development. Summer-active flies were found to the immature stages in studies with human decedents [3, 4], arrive 4–12 h after initial carcass exposure, with both dogs [5], and swine [6]. -
Evaluating the Effects of Temperature on Larval Calliphora Vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Consumption
Evaluating the effects of temperature on larval Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) consumption Kadeja Evans and Kaleigh Aaron Edited by Steven J. Richardson Abstract: Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are responsible for more cases of myiasis than any other arthropods. Several species of blowfly, including Cochliomyia hominivorax and Cocholiomya macellaria, parasitize living organisms by feeding on healthy tissues. Medical professionals have taken advantage of myiatic flies, Lucillia sericata, through debridement or maggot therapy in patients with necrotic tissue. This experiment analyzes how temperature influences blue bottle fly, Calliphora vomitoria. consumption of beef liver. After rearing an egg mass into first larval instars, ten maggots were placed into four containers making a total of forty maggots. One container was exposed to a range of temperatures between 18°C and 25°C at varying intervals. The remaining three containers were placed into homemade incubators at constant temperatures of 21°C, 27°C and 33°C respectively. Beef liver was placed into each container and weighed after each group pupation. The mass of liver consumed and the time until pupation was recorded. Three trials revealed that as temperature increased, the average rate of consumption per larva also increased. The larval group maintained at 33°C had the highest consumption with the shortest feeding duration, while the group at 21°C had lower liver consumption in the longest feeding period. Research in this experiment was conducted to understand the optimal temperature at which larval consumption is maximized whether in clinical instances for debridement or in myiasis cases. Keywords: Calliphora vomitoria, Calliphoridae, myiasis, consumption, debridement As an organism begins to decompose, target open wounds or necrotic tissue. -
Hiking, Guided Walks, Visit Tórshavn FO-645 Æðuvík, Tel
FREE COPY TOURIST GUIDE 2018 www.visitfaroeislands.com #faroeislands Download the free app FAROE ISLANDS TOURIST GUIDE propellos.dk EXPERIENCE UP CLOSE We make it easy: Let 62°N lead the way to make the best of your stay on the Faroe Islands - we take care of practical arrangements too. We assure an enjoyable stay. Let us fly you to the Faroe Islands - the world’s most desireable island community*) » Flight Photo: Joshua Cowan - @joshzoo Photo: Daniel Casson - @dpc_photography Photo: Joshua Cowan - @joshzoo » Hotel » Car rental REYKJAVÍK » Self-catering FAROE ISLANDS BERGEN We fly up to three times daily throughout the year » Excursions directly from Copenhagen, and several weekly AALBORG COPENHAGEN EDINBURGH BILLUND » Package tours flights from Billund, Bergen, Reykjavik and » Guided tours Edinburgh - directly to the Faroe Islands. In the summer also from Aalborg, Barcelona, » Activity tours Book Mallorca, Lisbon and Crete - directly to the » Group tours your trip: Faroe Islands. BARCELONA Read more and book your trip on www.atlantic.fo MALLORCA 62n.fo LISBON CRETE *) Chosen by National Geographic Traveller. GRAN CANARIA Atlantic Airways Vága Floghavn 380 Sørvágur Faroe Islands Tel +298 34 10 00 PR02613-62N-A5+3mmBleed-EN-01.indd 1 31/05/2017 11.40 Explanation of symbols: Alcohol Store Airport Welcome to the Faroe Islands ................................................................................. 6 Aquarium THE ADVENTURE ATM What to do ..................................................................................................................