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The Guide to Southwestern National Monuments

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The Guide to Southwestern National Monuments 1 Guide To Southwestern National Monuments December 15, 1938 Department of the Interior :.Jouthwe:':'tern Monum.ents Office i'l"utional Fark .Service Coolidge, Arizona 'chio booklet io publiohed by the Southv,eotern ::on­ uments A.ssocia tion in lceeping r.'i th one of its poli­ cies, naraely: to provide accuru te informP, tion to the gen:~ral traveling public c::mcerning the Southwest. 1 t is plo.n::ed thc~t other informational booklets about vr.,rious features of the Southwest will follow thi::: one. ln addition, a Technicttl Series will ac­ Y..uaint scientists r.-1 th results of reeearch accom­ plished by the staff and friends or the ~outhwestern },lonuments. z~otification of the publication of papers by the Association will be given, upon date of release, to such person~;; or institutions as submit their names to the ~Xecutive Secretary for this purpose. .lfrank Pinkley, Dale s. King, Superintendent ~xec. Sec'y and ::::ditor. BOARD OF ~IHZCTORS Dr. Harold s. Colton, director, :.luseum of Northern Arizona, Flag- staff, Arizona. I/...r. John E. Fast, Box 837, Nogales, Arizona. ~·1lr. Harold S. Gladwin, director, Gila PUeblo, Globe, Arizona. Dr. H. P. Uera, Laboratory of Anthro!_)ology, Santa Fe, New 't:tiexico. :.;r • .lfrank Pinkley, superintendent, Southwestern l'.ronuments Office, National Park Service, t.:oolidge, Arizona. Rev. Victor R. Stoner, Greenway Ststion, 'l'UCson, Arizona. 2 3 'l'HE :SOU'l'HYrESTZRN :·,\ONillL:.:~JTS ASSOCIA'fiON ADV lSUH~ GOUNCIL '1'AllL5 OF GONTZN'!S Page "Uhat is a National Monument?, by Superintendent l!'rank Pinkley. 4 Map of Southwestern National ];lonuments ............... • • • • • • • • • • • • 6 Archeology: Arches ................................... • .......... •. • • • • • • • • • • • 8 Dr. Emil Haury, university of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Aztec .Huins ................................ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Bandelier ............................ • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ll Canyon de Uhelly .................... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 Botany: capulin ;,-loun ta in ....................... • • • • • • · • • • • • · · • · • • • • • • • 15 Mr. Jack 1/hi tehead, 1000 North 'l'emple Compton, California. 1 Gasa tirande ••••••••••••.••••••••.••••• • • • • • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • 16 Chaco Canyon ......................... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Chiricahua ••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 Ethnology: ..a Morro ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 Dr. w. 'If. 1!111, un1vers1 ty of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Gila Cliff Dwellings ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 I.lexico. Gran ~ui vir a ......................... • • • • •·• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 25 Hovenweep ............................ • • • ..... • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2? Montezuma C~stle ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 tieology: Natural Bridges ••••••••••••••••••••••• • •• • •• •• • • • • • • • •• • • 30 Mr. ~dwin D. McKee 1 Grand Canyon National Park, Grand can- 1-Tavajo ............................. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • 31 yon~ Arizona. Organ Pipe Cactus ........................................ 32 Pipe Spring ...................... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 Rainbow Bridge ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 35 Herpetology: Saguaro .................................. • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 36 Dr. Howard K. tiloyd, Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Sunset era tar ............................ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3? Illinois. Ton to .............................................. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 TulllB.cacori ..................................... • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 40 42 Illustrations: 'ifalnu t Canyon ................. • ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 'Nhite Sands .................... ••••••••••• •••••• •• • •••••••• 44 Mr. J • .tL Tovrea, National Park Service, Coolidge Arizona. 1 V/upatki .... ••• ............ •• ••• • • • • • •• ••• • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46 Yucca House ....................... •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 48 Some Interesting southwestern Books ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 50 Ornithology: Mr.-- "Lyndon L. Hargrave, Museum of Northern Arizona, Flag- staff 1 Arizona. Publications: Dr. Leslie Spier, Yale University, New Haven, connecticut. 4 5 Construction needs will be different j,n tl1e two ureas. The monument, on the average, will need less roads and trails and What is a National Monument? more museum and exhibit space. The monurn.ent will need less util­ nntional monument is an area proclair:1ed under the law by the ity operators' buildings and eq_uipment and more per~onnel per President, the area containing a natural exhibit of nation­ thousand visitors. A wide historic, prehistoric, or scientific value. Theoreti­ cally, the monument is reserved primarily for 1 ts educational For all these reasons, ~nd several others, it has been found worth but has secondary recreational and inspirational values. poor practice to attach monuments to nearby parks for administra­ tion. ?ark superintendents too often look upon monuments as The NatiOnal ~.ionument Act was passed in order to speed up parks and difficulties arise fr01a such misconceptions .. the reservation of such areas which might have to hang in the balance for years while Congress was deciding their fate. By Stephen T. t;Iather, first director of the National Park ser­ placing decision in the hands of the President, months and even vice, as an experiment started the group of Southwestern Monu­ years of 'Naiting could be eliminated. ments several years ago.. The years prove that a group of monu­ ments can be dealt with better from the ~:Jashington Office as such Technically, a national park is anything which is so de­ a unit than as a detached series of individuals. The method of clared by Congress. Theoretically, a national park is a surpass­ groupiilg monuments and handling them through a group head has re­ ingly scenic area, reserved primarily for its inspirational as­ cently been extended to the· eastern and southeastern parts of the pects but w!th high secondary significance for educational and United States. recreational purposes. At the present writing the 25 national monuments in the The whole national park idea has expanded faster than Con­ southuestern group have a total area of 73] ,747.46 acres, or gress could follow and the result has been a rather chaotic ideal 1,143.35 square :niles. 'l'his would :•Jake a sizable park if it were on the part of the public as to the difference between parks, put together in one place for administration, but it becomes monuments, historic parks, parkways, and military parks. Further rather a hectic problem when you break your park into 26 pieces, co;.i.plica tiona have been introduced by the desperate need for the scatter ·them over four states, and then administer them as a reservation of some surpassing scenic area before destruction unit. took place; the Presidential proclamation has been used to pro­ tect so;ne such areas until Congress, with its slower motion, .Visitors to the number of 319,164 came to see us last year C:Juld get ar~:mnd to tlD.king a park. 'l'his happened with Grand Can­ and we are expecting IDB.ny more during the present year. Ue hope yon, Zion, Bryce, Carlsbad Caverns, and several other national that you will be a:'tong them and that you will thoroughly enjoy p<..o.rks. It results in a widely held idea on the part of the pub­ your visit. lic that almost anything is taken into the monument class and Cordially, then the monuments are picked over, the best of them promoted to the park class, and the left-over material makes up the national monuments. Of course 1 no such thing is true.. Monuments and parks can, and should be, kept as distinct as rare books and jew­ els·. Because a monument is basically educational whereas a park is basic~lly inspirational the administration of the two areas :·,mst be dif.t:'erent. The visitor to the park r.'ants to get the great inspirational views c:..nd then he may, or he may not, want to December 15, 1938. know ho·;-J it all happened. That same visitor, who wants to be let alone to enjoy his fine view by himself in the park, will begin clamoring for a guide as soon as he gets out of his oar at a his­ torie or prehistoric monument. He knows there is a story behind what hip eyes can see at the monument and he vYants that story. A short investigation will prove the need of at least double the personnel per thousand visitors at a monument over a park because of this intensive personal service which is demanded. 6 7 }-\ 0 I ;:'{ ----- D I u -r A "'~~~~~~' I f I ".'~;;,;;;,.•~pw·~-,,_:·::·"'~ ----~~~~-' --r--,_,~-~· ' i ' " 0 J'-J ~--· !"wur;·;::~:, ,-· j' MON --- """""• 7' . ~7-·D_~t_\ .. S H!BtcMJlll>. NAT ~ '->---.,------- •0 '1-- -- -- 0 __ ____, ' 8 9 Delica.ts Arch in the Harry ::teed photo northern portion of Arches National t;onument. USNPS, Grant photo Looking northeast across the plaza of Aztec Ruin. In the foreground is the Arches National Monument Great Kiva before reconstruction; in the middle ground a. smaller kiv~ with Grand County, Utah reconstructed roof. The background shows a portion of the building's east wing. Person~el: Cu~todian Harry Reed (part.ti~e): M~ab, Utah. Elevat~on: Sl2ehtly over 5,000 feet. Area:
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