WAVETABLE SYNTHESIS Digital Generators Analogue VCO Generators
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Minimoog Model D Manual
3 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS WARNING - WHEN USING ELECTRIC PRODUCTS, THESE BASIC PRECAUTIONS SHOULD ALWAYS BE FOLLOWED. 1. Read all the instructions before using the product. 2. Do not use this product near water - for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool or the like. 3. This product, in combination with an amplifier and headphones or speakers, may be capable of producing sound levels that could cause permanent hearing loss. Do not operate for a long period of time at a high volume level or at a level that is uncomfortable. 4. The product should be located so that its location does not interfere with its proper ventilation. 5. The product should be located away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, or other products that produce heat. No naked flame sources (such as candles, lighters, etc.) should be placed near this product. Do not operate in direct sunlight. 6. The product should be connected to a power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the product. 7. The power supply cord of the product should be unplugged from the outlet when left unused for a long period of time or during lightning storms. 8. Care should be taken so that objects do not fall and liquids are not spilled into the enclosure through openings. There are no user serviceable parts inside. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel only. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. -
Enter Title Here
Integer-Based Wavetable Synthesis for Low-Computational Embedded Systems Ben Wright and Somsak Sukittanon University of Tennessee at Martin Department of Engineering Martin, TN USA [email protected], [email protected] Abstract— The evolution of digital music synthesis spans from discussed. Section B will discuss the mathematics explaining tried-and-true frequency modulation to string modeling with the components of the wavetables. Part II will examine the neural networks. This project begins from a wavetable basis. music theory used to derive the wavetables and the software The audio waveform was modeled as a superposition of formant implementation. Part III will cover the applied results. sinusoids at various frequencies relative to the fundamental frequency. Piano sounds were reverse-engineered to derive a B. Mathematics and Music Theory basis for the final formant structure, and used to create a Many periodic signals can be represented by a wavetable. The quality of reproduction hangs in a trade-off superposition of sinusoids, conventionally called Fourier between rich notes and sampling frequency. For low- series. Eigenfunction expansions, a superset of these, can computational systems, this calls for an approach that avoids represent solutions to partial differential equations (PDE) burdensome floating-point calculations. To speed up where Fourier series cannot. In these expansions, the calculations while preserving resolution, floating-point math was frequency of each wave (here called a formant) in the avoided entirely--all numbers involved are integral. The method was built into the Laser Piano. Along its 12-foot length are 24 superposition is a function of the properties of the string. This “keys,” each consisting of a laser aligned with a photoresistive is said merely to emphasize that the response of a plucked sensor connected to 8-bit MCU. -
Digital Developments 70'S
Digital Developments 70’s - 80’s Hybrid Synthesis “GROOVE” • In 1967, Max Mathews and Richard Moore at Bell Labs began to develop Groove (Generated Realtime Operations on Voltage- Controlled Equipment) • In 1970, the Groove system was unveiled at a “Music and Technology” conference in Stockholm. • Groove was a hybrid system which used a Honeywell DDP224 computer to store manual actions (such as twisting knobs, playing a keyboard, etc.) These actions were stored and used to control analog synthesis components in realtime. • Composers Emmanuel Gent and Laurie Spiegel worked with GROOVE Details of GROOVE GROOVE System included: - 2 large disk storage units - a tape drive - an interface for the analog devices (12 8-bit and 2 12-bit converters) - A cathode ray display unit to show the composer a visual representation of the control instructions - Large array of analog components including 12 voltage-controlled oscillators, seven voltage-controlled amplifiers, and two voltage-controlled filters Programming language used: FORTRAN Benefits of the GROOVE System: - 1st digitally controlled realtime system - Musical parameters could be controlled over time (not note-oriented) - Was used to control images too: In 1974, Spiegel used the GROOVE system to implement the program VAMPIRE (Video and Music Program for Interactive, Realtime Exploration) • Laurie Spiegel at the GROOVE Console at Bell Labs (mid 70s) The 1st Digital Synthesizer “The Synclavier” • In 1972, composer Jon Appleton, the Founder and Director of the Bregman Electronic Music Studio at Dartmouth wanted to find a way to control a Moog synthesizer with a computer • He raised this idea to Sydney Alonso, a professor of Engineering at Dartmouth and Cameron Jones, a student in music and computer science at Dartmouth. -
Real-Time Timbre Transfer and Sound Synthesis Using DDSP
REAL-TIME TIMBRE TRANSFER AND SOUND SYNTHESIS USING DDSP Francesco Ganis, Erik Frej Knudesn, Søren V. K. Lyster, Robin Otterbein, David Sudholt¨ and Cumhur Erkut Department of Architecture, Design, and Media Technology Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark https://www.smc.aau.dk/ March 15, 2021 ABSTRACT Neural audio synthesis is an actively researched topic, having yielded a wide range of techniques that leverages machine learning architectures. Google Magenta elaborated a novel approach called Differ- ential Digital Signal Processing (DDSP) that incorporates deep neural networks with preconditioned digital signal processing techniques, reaching state-of-the-art results especially in timbre transfer applications. However, most of these techniques, including the DDSP, are generally not applicable in real-time constraints, making them ineligible in a musical workflow. In this paper, we present a real-time implementation of the DDSP library embedded in a virtual synthesizer as a plug-in that can be used in a Digital Audio Workstation. We focused on timbre transfer from learned representations of real instruments to arbitrary sound inputs as well as controlling these models by MIDI. Furthermore, we developed a GUI for intuitive high-level controls which can be used for post-processing and manipulating the parameters estimated by the neural network. We have conducted a user experience test with seven participants online. The results indicated that our users found the interface appealing, easy to understand, and worth exploring further. At the same time, we have identified issues in the timbre transfer quality, in some components we did not implement, and in installation and distribution of our plugin. The next iteration of our design will address these issues. -
Presented at ^Ud,O the 99Th Convention 1995October 6-9
Tunable Bandpass Filters in Music Synthesis 4098 (L-2) Robert C. Maher University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0511, USA Presented at ^ uD,o the 99th Convention 1995 October 6-9 NewYork Thispreprinthas been reproducedfrom the author'sadvance manuscript,withoutediting,correctionsor considerationby the ReviewBoard. TheAES takesno responsibilityforthe contents. Additionalpreprintsmay be obtainedby sendingrequestand remittanceto theAudioEngineeringSocietY,60 East42nd St., New York,New York10165-2520, USA. All rightsreserved.Reproductionof thispreprint,or anyportion thereof,isnot permitted withoutdirectpermissionfromthe Journalof theAudio EngineeringSociety. AN AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY PREPRINT TUNABLE BANDPASS FILTERS IN MUSIC SYNTHESIS ROBERT C. MAHER DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND CENTERFORCOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN 209N WSEC, LINCOLN, NE 68588-05II USA VOICE: (402)472-2081 FAX: (402)472-4732 INTERNET: [email protected] Abst/act: Subtractive synthesis, or source-filter synthesis, is a well known topic in electronic and computer music. In this paper a description is given of a flexible subtractive synthesis scheme utilizing a set of tunable digital bandpass filters. Specific examples and applications are presented for realtime subtractive synthesis of singing and other musical signals. 0. INTRODUCTION Subtractive (or source-filter) synthesis is used widely in electronic and computer music applications. Subtractive synthesis general!y involves a source signal with a broad spectrum that is passed through a filter. The properties of the filter largely define the shape of the output spectrum by attenuating specific frequency ranges, hence the name subtractive synthesis [1]. The subtractive synthesis model is appropriate for the wide class of physical systems in which an input source drives a passive acoustical or mechanical system. -
Computationally Efficient Music Synthesis
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing Jussi Pekonen Computationally Efficient Music Synthesis – Methods and Sound Design Master’s Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Technology. Espoo, June 1, 2007 Supervisor: Professor Vesa Välimäki Instructor: Professor Vesa Välimäki HELSINKI UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT OF THE OF TECHNOLOGY MASTER’S THESIS Author: Jussi Pekonen Name of the thesis: Computationally Efficient Music Synthesis – Methods and Sound Design Date: June 1, 2007 Number of pages: 80+xi Department: Electrical and Communications Engineering Professorship: S-89 Supervisor: Professor Vesa Välimäki Instructor: Professor Vesa Välimäki In this thesis, the design of a music synthesizer for systems suffering from limitations in computing power and memory capacity is presented. First, different possible syn- thesis techniques are reviewed and their applicability in computationally efficient music synthesis is discussed. In practice, the applicable techniques are limited to additive and source-filter synthesis, and, in special cases, to frequency modulation, wavetable and sampling synthesis. Next, the design of the structures of the applicable techniques are presented in detail, and properties and design issues of these structures are discussed. A major implemen- tation problem is raised in digital source-filter synthesis, where the use of classic wave- forms, such as sawtooth wave, as the source signal is challenging due to aliasing caused by waveform discontinuities. Methods for existing bandlimited waveform synthesis are reviewed, and a new approach using polynomial bandlimited step function is pre- sented in detail with design rules for the applicable polynomials. -
The Sonification Handbook Chapter 9 Sound Synthesis for Auditory Display
The Sonification Handbook Edited by Thomas Hermann, Andy Hunt, John G. Neuhoff Logos Publishing House, Berlin, Germany ISBN 978-3-8325-2819-5 2011, 586 pages Online: http://sonification.de/handbook Order: http://www.logos-verlag.com Reference: Hermann, T., Hunt, A., Neuhoff, J. G., editors (2011). The Sonification Handbook. Logos Publishing House, Berlin, Germany. Chapter 9 Sound Synthesis for Auditory Display Perry R. Cook This chapter covers most means for synthesizing sounds, with an emphasis on describing the parameters available for each technique, especially as they might be useful for data sonification. The techniques are covered in progression, from the least parametric (the fewest means of modifying the resulting sound from data or controllers), to the most parametric (most flexible for manipulation). Some examples are provided of using various synthesis techniques to sonify body position, desktop GUI interactions, stock data, etc. Reference: Cook, P. R. (2011). Sound synthesis for auditory display. In Hermann, T., Hunt, A., Neuhoff, J. G., editors, The Sonification Handbook, chapter 9, pages 197–235. Logos Publishing House, Berlin, Germany. Media examples: http://sonification.de/handbook/chapters/chapter9 18 Chapter 9 Sound Synthesis for Auditory Display Perry R. Cook 9.1 Introduction and Chapter Overview Applications and research in auditory display require sound synthesis and manipulation algorithms that afford careful control over the sonic results. The long legacy of research in speech, computer music, acoustics, and human audio perception has yielded a wide variety of sound analysis/processing/synthesis algorithms that the auditory display designer may use. This chapter surveys algorithms and techniques for digital sound synthesis as related to auditory display. -
CD-Synth: a Rotating, Untethered, Digital Synthesizer
CD-Synth: a Rotating, Untethered, Digital Synthesizer Patrick Chwalek Joseph A. Paradiso Responsive Environments Group Responsive Environments Group MIT Media Lab MIT Media Lab 75 Amherst Street 75 Amherst Street Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Cambridge, MA 02139, USA [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT sounds out of a combination of oscillators, filters, and ef- We describe the design of an untethered digital synthesizer fects. For light-based synthesizer systems, transmitted light that can be held and manipulated while broadcasting au- can be modulated in specific patterns to change virtually dio data to a receiving off-the-shelf Bluetooth receiver. The any characteristic of a sound that is produced by photodi- synthesizer allows the user to freely rotate and reorient the ode exposure. An example is Jacques Dudon's photosonic instrument while exploiting non-contact light sensing for a instrument [7, 4] from the 1980s, which was composed of truly expressive performance. The system consists of a suite a photodiode, light source, semi-transparent rotating disk, of sensors that convert rotation, orientation, touch, and user and an optical filter. The disk was patterned in such a way proximity into various audio filters and effects operated on that when rotated, the intensity of light passing through it preset wave tables, while offering a persistence of vision dis- changes at audio frequencies (like an optical sound track on play for input visualization. This paper discusses the design a film, or vintage optical samplers like the Optigan), and of the system, including the circuit, mechanics, and software was further operated on by the handheld filter or manu- layout, as well as how this device may be incorporated into ally moving the lightsource and/or photodetector, so that a performance. -
User Manual Synclavier V
USER MANUAL ARTURIA – Synclavier V – USER MANUAL 1 Direction Frédéric Brun Kevin Molcard Development Cameron Jones (lead) Valentin Lepetit Baptiste Le Goff (project manager) Samuel Limier Stefano D’Angelo Germain Marzin Baptiste Aubry Mathieu Nocenti Corentin Comte Pierre Pfister Pierre-Lin Laneyrie Benjamin Renard Design Glen Darcey Sebastien Rochard Shaun Ellwood Greg Vezon Morgan Perrier Sound Design Drew Anderson Victor Morello Jean-Baptiste Arthus Dave Polich Wally Badarou Stéphane Schott Jean-Michel Blanchet Paul Shilling Marion Demeulemeester Edware Ten Eyck Richard Devine Nori Ubukata Thomas Koot Manual Kevin E. Maloney Jason Valax Corentin Comte ARTURIA – Synclavier V – USER MANUAL 2 Special Thanks Brandon Amison Steve Lipson Matt Bassett Terence Marsden François Best Bruce Mariage Alejandro Cajica Sergio Martinez Chuck Capsis Shaba Martinez Dwight Davies Jay Marvalous Kosh Dukai Miguel Moreno Ben Eggehorn Ken Flux Pierce Simon Franglen Fernando Manuel Rodrigues Boele Gerkes Daniel Saban Jeff Haler Carlos Tejeda Neil Hester James Wadell Chris Jasper Chad Wagner Laurent Lemaire Chuck Zwick © ARTURIA S.A. – 1999-2016 – All rights reserved. 11 Chemin de la Dhuy 38240 Meylan FRANCE http://www.arturia.com ARTURIA – Synclavier V – USER MANUAL 3 Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 11 1.1 What is Synclavier V? ................................................................................................... 11 1.2 1.2 History of the Original Instrument -
Wavetable Synthesis 101, a Fundamental Perspective
Wavetable Synthesis 101, A Fundamental Perspective Robert Bristow-Johnson Wave Mechanics, Inc. 45 Kilburn St., Burlington VT 05401 USA [email protected] ABSTRACT: Wavetable synthesis is both simple and straightforward in implementation and sophisticated and subtle in optimization. For the case of quasi-periodic musical tones, wavetable synthesis can be as compact in data storage requirements and as general as additive synthesis but requires much less real-time computation. This paper shows this equivalence, explores some suboptimal methods of extracting wavetable data from a recorded tone, and proposes a perceptually relevant error metric and constraint when attempting to reduce the amount of stored wavetable data. 0 INTRODUCTION Wavetable music synthesis (not to be confused with common PCM sample buffer playback) is similar to simple digital sine wave generation [1] [2] but extended at least two ways. First, the waveform lookup table contains samples for not just a single period of a sine function but for a single period of a more general waveshape. Second, a mechanism exists for dynamically changing the waveshape as the musical note evolves, thus generating a quasi-periodic function in time. This mechanism can take on a few different forms, probably the simplest being linear crossfading from one wavetable to the next sequentially. More sophisticated methods are proposed by a few authors (recently Horner, et al. [3] [4]) such as mixing a set of well chosen basis wavetables each with their corresponding envelope function as in Fig. 1. The simple linear crossfading method can be thought of as a subclass of the more general basis mixing method where the envelopes are overlapping triangular pulse functions. -
Wavetable FM Synthesizer [RACK EXTENSION] MANUAL
WTFM Wavetable FM Synthesizer [RACK EXTENSION] MANUAL 2021 by Turn2on Software WTFM is not an FM synthesizer in the traditional sense. Traditional Wavetable (WT) synthesis. 4 oscillators, Rather it is a hybrid synthesizer which uses the each including 450+ Wavetables sorted into flexibility of Wavetables in combination with FM categories. synthesizer Operators. Classical 4-OP FM synthesis: each operator use 450+ WTFM Wavetable FM Synthesizer produces complex Wavetables to modulate other operators in various harmonics by modulating the various selectable WT routing variations of 24 FM Algorithms. waveforms of the oscillators using further oscillators FM WT Mod Synthesis: The selected Wavetable (operators). modulates the frequency of the FM Operators (Tune / Imagine the flexibility of the FM Operators using this Ratio). method. Wavetables are a powerful way to make FM RINGMOD Synthesis: The selected Wavetable synthesis much more interesting. modulates the Levels of the FM Operators similarly to a RingMod WTFM is based on the classical Amp, Pitch and Filter FILTER FM Synthesis: The selected Wavetable Envelopes with AHDSR settings. PRE and POST filters modulates the Filter Frequency of the synthesizer. include classical HP/BP/LP modes. 6 FXs (Vocoder / EQ Band / Chorus / Delay / Reverb) plus a Limiter which This is a modern FM synthesizer with easy to program adds total control for the signal and colours of the traditional AHDSR envelopes, four LFO lines, powerful Wavetable FM synthesis. modulations, internal effects, 24 FM algorithms. Based on the internal wavetable's library with rich waveform Operators Include 450+ Wavetables (each 64 content: 32 categories, 450+ wavetables (each with 64 singlecycle waveforms) all sorted into individual single-cycle waveforms), up to 30,000 waveforms in all. -
11C Software 1034-1187
Section11c PHOTO - VIDEO - PRO AUDIO Computer Software Ableton.........................................1036-1038 Arturia ...................................................1039 Antares .........................................1040-1044 Arkaos ....................................................1045 Bias ...............................................1046-1051 Bitheadz .......................................1052-1059 Bomb Factory ..............................1060-1063 Celemony ..............................................1064 Chicken Systems...................................1065 Eastwest/Quantum Leap ............1066-1069 IK Multimedia .............................1070-1078 Mackie/UA ...................................1079-1081 McDSP ..........................................1082-1085 Metric Halo..................................1086-1088 Native Instruments .....................1089-1103 Propellerhead ..............................1104-1108 Prosoniq .......................................1109-1111 Serato............................................1112-1113 Sonic Foundry .............................1114-1127 Spectrasonics ...............................1128-1130 Syntrillium ............................................1131 Tascam..........................................1132-1147 TC Works .....................................1148-1157 Ultimate Soundbank ..................1158-1159 Universal Audio ..........................1160-1161 Wave Mechanics..........................1162-1165 Waves ...........................................1166-1185