Elgeyo M Arakwet

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

ELGEYO M ARAKWET

DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

1979-83 ELGEYO MARAKWET DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1979—1983

MA N DE RA

T U R K A N A

M A R S A BIT

W A J I R WEST POKOT

S A M B U R U

I S I O L O

BARIN60

LAI KI PI A

NAKURU "X'Ç, \ NYERI

GAR I SSA >. <*G

N A R O K

. MACHAKOS

TANA RIVER K AJ I ADO oO *oP

MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC PLANNING AND

DEVELOPMENT -MOMBASA

ISRIC LIBRARY KE, JANUARY 1980 Sn-ir |S}5 Wageningen, The Netherlands Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact [email protected] indicating the item reference number concerned. y

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

E L G E Y 0 M A R A K ¥ E T

DISTRIC DEVELOPMENT FLAN

19 7 9 - 19 8 3

JANUARY 1980 TABLE 0™ CONTENTS. PAGE"' Plan Overview. ••«•..•••»•»o.••••»••• ••••••••••••.»•• 1*-3 Chapter s- Introduction and Background. ••• 4» 10 Physical aspects of the District* Demographic profile of the District. Socio Economic profile of the District. Chapter lis- Sectoral programmes for the District. ••10—61 A. Production Sector .» •• .10-31 1. Agriculture 2. Natural Resources 3. Commerce & Industry 4. Cooperative Development 5. Tourism and Wildlife.

B. Physical Infrastructure sector ....32-50 1. Transport and Roads 2. Power, Communications and service Centres 3. Water

C. Social Services.,, »51—61 1. Health and Nutrition 2. Education 3. Housing and Social Services.

: c Chapter III s -Intégrât »d District Plan. ^m # ## m 62-74 Appendices?— 1. District Data sheet •••»••••• ...75-83 2. Service Centres Infrastructure & Service. „ 84-87 3. County Council Development Programme J38-90 4. List of cooperative Societies...... 91 5. Schools enrcl^irwti* 92-93 FOREWORD This District Development Plan is presented as part of the Kenya Government's continuing efforts towards- 1 -. * 'decentralized planning. This document essentially reflects a district effort co.-ordinated by the District Development Officer, with inputs, from district officers of the various operating ministries, local authorities and private agencies.. Guidance for the formulation for the plan was given by the Rural Planning Division of the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development,

Users of this plan should be aware of the following events which took place during and after the preparation of the major parts of the document s-

(l) Kenya is presently under a severe budget squeeze which means that probably several of the proposals of the plan will not be implemented as quickly as would be desired and expected.

(2) Although Ministries were asked in advance to provide disaggregated budget data for each District, some found it difficult to do so. It is hoped, however, that where such data have been provided, the D.D.C. will make maximum use of the data for the purpose of ^Sectoral "implementation. It should, however, ibe noted that, because of certain difficulties, the development expenditures for several (ministries are only partial.

(3) Population data is.based on the 19o9 census. The most recent census data was not available at the time of formulation of this Plan,

(4) Re-organization of the Government Ministries and Departments which took place towards the end of 1979 has also not been reflected in this plan.. ELGBYO-MARAKWET DISTRICT FLAN ' OVERVIEW 1979-83

Elgeyo Marakwet District requires considerable develop­ ment to be able to fully utilize its whole potential. The potential for development and problems can be r.- . . considered under the following headings s -

A. Agricultural development B. Livestock development C. Water utilization and Irrigation D. Mineral extraction E. Forestry F. Tourism.

A. Agricultural Developments- Agriculture can be ». ' • . " r,c considered in three types s (i) High potential (ii) dry land (iii) Irrigation (considered under (c). .T I 1) High potential land is mostly in the escarpment and on the plateau zone. To benefit in these areas, the 1 I.A.D.P. is helping small holder farmers through credit, input supply, marketing extension, and communications ^components. Il) For drier parts lower in the valley, I.A.D.P. should be used also. The typical crops of millet, sorghum, cowpeas and cassava could be further developed, with cotton and groundnuts as the main cash crops. The Kerio ^Valley development will be enhanced by a major government /thrust to the valley through Kerio Valley Development JAuthority Programmes. »-...-» .

B. Livestock Development!- Improvement of the existing stocks of cattle and sheep and gradual replacement of local herds with grade animals will be emphasized during the plan period. The I.A.D.P. will assist in tacking this» There are however several problems for this traditional activity. The lack of water, poor, communications, the prevelance of diseases all constrain the potential development of live­ stock. There is a reluctance of the traditional cattle owners to use the limited facilities especially dips, but the provision of Veterinary services is/faââequate for the District. There are active private auctions, but a better development marketing system set up by either using the Livestock Marketing Division or by well organised co-opera-» tive structures would increase the benefits of cattle dealers. The equating of livestock holding to wealth is deeply rooted in the Valley and has tc be handed with care. However a reduction of the cattle numbers and controlled grazing could benefit.

C. Water Utilization and Irrigation Developments- There f* are three specific irrigation schemes in the valley - Arror, Chepsigot and Tot. However, they are small with the one at Tot being largest with a ^OJiectare plot. The traditional irrigation has lead to agricultural development in the past but it has not been an efficient use of water. The runoff 2 has been reduced by inefficient upland irrigation with less for storage for cattle etc. The areas for irriga­ tion potential development are more than 15,000 hectares. The land is suitable for"Irffgàtïbn with crops such as cotton, cowpeas, maize, groundnuts and some vegetable. The Kerio Valley can be considered as one of the best potential areas in Kenya in terms of ^and suitability,» Vith development of reservours this could be utilized for development of local fishing potential which could add to additional activity for local people and supple­ ment, protein requirements and provide employment opportunities by utilizing more fully the resource of storing water.

MlodL*-lrydro power units could also be a potential of the stored and regulated water flowing down the steep escarpment. D. Mineral Extrations- The opening up kf the Flourspar Mining works could be a start of «ui important economic activity in the valley. There has Nen a small copper works at Biretwa and there have al\s0 been several observations of mineral occurances in the area» There is need for a systematic investigation of mineral occurances by establishing a mineral exploration team.

E. Forestry Developments- There is no doubt that a better use of the forests could be of short and long term development benefit. The present degradation and excision is eroding a resource which is so important for catchment - preservation as well as being of commercial potential in its own right. The forests are and could be further exploited for timber extraction but only on a replacement and development basis.

F. Tourism Developments- There is potential for developing tourism because of the scenic beauty and wildlife around the Lake KamnorKericho, South Nyanza, Kisumu, Kakamega and to the inner circuit of Traae-Nzoia, Baringo, Samburu. Even without the possibility of seeing game, the view of the escarpment and the valley çouîd^provide an attraction. Initial camp sites could provide some additional local revenue with the possibility of expansion of tourism depending on development of tourist industry and construction of more adequate road communication through the valley.

CONSTRAINTS TO DEVELOPMENT

The severe constraints to the fulfillment of the above potential ares- 3 -

A. Communications s - All over the District one major constrant is lack^of good communications. The road network is poor^ there is 'no^railway, the telephone and post offices facilities are poor and limited. The roads are too few and with the heavy rains even these few become impassable. They are also poorly maintained.

B. Conservations- In Kerio Valley with the present cropping and livestock pattern the erosion problem is very serious constraint to long term valley develop­ ment. ' h C. Socials - The local people are traditionally pastoralists and mostly japmadjc although they have now become sedentary, they have developed farmers. In the valley and some parts of the plateau the pastoralist tradition has lead to the well known attitude of cattle possession being a form of wealth and status. It is evident that to develop is first to convince and then have the confidence of the people.

Another consträSat is prevelance of diseases« There is widespread malaria, tuberculosis and tsëtsefly is vs~ common. This can prevent sound developmehTT, apart from being socially undesirable.

D. Financial s - As stated in almost all sectoral progra­ mmes finance is a great constraint. The finance for opening up development of the valley is a major const­ raint. The cost of getting good communications into the valley, of serving the people on the plateau and escarpment, of building adequate infrastructure is enormous. From all economic point of view there needs to be a major economic activity to justify such expenditures.

A 4 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION AND BACK' GROUND "~ • >

1.1.1'PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE DISTRICT

Elgeyp/Marakwet is a long narrow District lying between the Uasin Gishu plateau and Kerio jpiver in the Rift Valley. It is located between 35° 20 and 35° ^5* East Longitude and 0° 10' and 0° 20' North latitude. Bordering. Baringo District on the East, Uasin Gishu on the South and Trans Nzoia and West Pokot on the North, the District covers an area of 2810 square kilometres. Administratively, the District is divided into three divisions, i.e. North, Central and Southern respectively. In the Northern division, there are six locations Namely;. Endo (ll)5, Moiben (6), Cherangany (il), Lelan. (6), Sambirir (7) and Arror (6). Central Division has two locations - North Irong (7) and south Irong (13)» Southern division has three locations, i.e. Mosop (6) Soy (il) and Metkei (5)» For purposes of local authorities administration, the district is divided into sixteen County Council Wards.

\ Tigere are three parliamentary constituencies, \ namely; Kerio South, Kerio Central and Kerio North, each represented by a member of parliament. The ; constituencies do not strictly follow the divisional ; administrative boundaries.

1.1.2. CLIMATE

The altitude varies from 3350 metres above.^e^.- level on the Cherangani Hills to around 1000 metres in the Kerio Valley. The Temperature varies with altitude, between 18 C and 26 C mean maximum.. The Cherangani Hills receive between 1200 mm of rainfall while the plateau records are 1000-1200 mm per annum. The Kerio Valley receives between 800 - 1000 mm per annum. The rainy season is March to September with maximum in May and August and minimum in January. Seasonal variation increases in the more arid areas of the valley and reliability decreases. Temperatures in the valley are high (over 33 C) in the lower altitude areas. Evapo­ transpiration is high in these zones which have long dry periods.

1.1.3. TOPOGRAPHY

The District as a whole falls into three topogra­ phical regions. At the Northern boundary (where the Marakwets live), there is a high altitude region of forest and moorland, the Cherangani mountains; a potential area for forest, pyrethrum, tea, woolsheep, potatoes, dairy cattle, etc. On the Eastern fringe is the Kerio Escarpment and Valley. The part of the Kerio Valley covered by the district stretches north­ wards from Kimwarer near the head of Kerio River to Chesegon on the border between Marakwet and West. Pokot, a distance of some 100 miles. The valley is bushed grassland, marginal for agriculture (II) Number of Subiocations , Owing to high temperatures and evaporation rate,

Irrigation is practised mostly on small plo t basis in the valley and produce bananas, chillies, s c rghum, finger millet, cassava,, groundnuts, pawpaw and citrus. Cotton growing has recently been introduced in the valley as a cash crop. Between these two extremes lies an extensive area of fertile land at intermedi ate levels. This area covers the plateau zone, together with the upper slopes of the Cheranganis and the upp er part of the Rift Valley. Mixed farming is a profitable reality in this region. Cash crops grown include pyre thrum, maize, wheat,, potatoes etc.

1.1.4. RIVER FLOWS

The main Kerio River originates in the hills north of Lombus Forest and runs northwards to lake Turkana. The Kerio and its tributaries are typically seasonal with high short durations flood flows and prolonged very low flow periods. The main tributaries - Arror and Embobut rivers do have substantial base flows through­ out the year but the main river downstream of Chesegon receives no dry season inflow. (see Map No. 2). '

1.1.5 LANDUSE POTENTIAL

The agro-climate zone distributiono of the potential landuse in the District is presented below.

TABLE 1 - LANDUSE POTENTIAL

AREA/ZONE TOTAL DIVISION DISTRICT NORTHERN CENTRAL SOUTHERN

Total Area (Ha) 2[88 1 »OQP (Ha) 159,500(Ha)52,850(Ha' )k8,650(Ha) Agric. area „ T"02,00 0 80,000 P5,000 37,000 High potential 80,500 44,500 16,000 20,000 Medium potential 128,850 70,000 32,850 26,000 Marginal " 71,650 45,000 14,000 12,650

District Data Sheet prepared by Ministry of Agriculture Iten (1978).

Of the total land area about 60c/o is agricultural land and nearly a half o f this falls under high potential > zone (Agric - Ec. Zones...1.2) . Rainfall is plentiful and the soils are good for a. variety of crops. This zone covers a large part of the Cherangan i Kills, the plateau and upper parts of the Rift Valley The remaining part of these two regions is categoris ed in the medium zone. The Xerio Valley, covering roughly one third of the district, falls under marginal and range zones. This is the area currently being used for rearing 1 ocal Zebu Cattle and indigeneous I goats but can^also be us ed for growing a variety of cash crops e.g. Cotton. ..../6 6 1.1.6. OTHER RESOURCES

The District Forest area covers about 74 »=J*24^Hà. a administered by Elgeyo Forest Station, Chesoi Station, Kaptagat and Cherangani Forest Stations of the Ministry of Natural Resources. The forests are utilized both for commercial lumbering and as catchment areas.

Fluorspar calcium deposits are found in large quantities in the Kerio Valley and are exploited by the Fluorspar Company of Kenya at Kimwarer. Extraction rate is more than 200,000 tons per annum. The Elgeyo Escarpment contains small quantities of other minerals particularly copper and lead. A small copper smelting works used to operate e.t Biretwo but has now closed down.

1.2. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

The District is basically inhabited by two Kalejin ethinic groups - Keiyos living in the South and Central Divisions, and the Marakwets in the Northern Division. The groups are almost equal in size. A small group of non- Kalenjin tribes live in the District engaged mainly in trade and as forest workers.

1.2.1. TOTAL POPULATION AND GROWTH RATE

The District population according to 1969 population Census was 159»265 but the current estimate (1978) puts it at i9JZ-ï_000. This implies that the population has been growing at 2.41% between 1969-78 period. This growth rate is however, bound to increase to 2. .G'Sio per annum during the plan period (1979-83) due to improvements in health and living standards of the people. The population projection for the next five years (1979-83) is presented below, by division.

TABLE 2 DISTRICT POPULATION PROJECTION (1979-83) '000

YEAR 1969 AREA DIVISION POP CENSUS 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1 . Central 34 42 43 44 45 46 4? 2. Southern 44 55 57 58 60 61 63 3 . Northern 81 100 103 106 108 1 12 114 District Total 159 197 202 208 213 219 224

Sources- Population projections from Kenya Statistical Digest Vol.X of September, 1972 are used to calculate divisional distributions and projections.

« » • « • 0 t * O # 00 «OB 7

The overall population density according to the 1969 population Census was 57 persons per square Kilometres; arid although the third highest of the Districts in Rift Valley at that tirne^ it was low in relation to.the agri­ cultural and possibly maintaining potential of the District. The current population density is about 70 persons per square kilometre with the divisional densities as follows!- Central (66), Northern (62) and Southern (93)» Over the whole Lastrict the density is highest in the plateau zone where it rises to more than 200 persons per square kilometre and lowest in the bottom of Kerio Valley where it drops to less than 10 persons per square kilometre.

1.2.2. POPULATION BY PERTINENT AGE GROUPS '000

TABLE 3 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE GROUPS

YEAR AGE GROUP 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983

0-4 33 34 35 37 38 : 39 6 - 12 37 38 39 41 42 . 44 13-16 26 27 28 29 30 '31 15 - 59 103 105 105 113 117 121 60 + 8 0 9 9 10 10 -y

TOTAL 197 202 208 213 219 224

Source: Kenya Statistical Digest Vol.X of 3rd September, 1972.

Of the total population projected in 1978, 52% are the age group 15 - 59 years. This group makes up the working labour force. The other k8°/o is composed of old and young people who depend on others for their livelihood. This gives a dependency ratio of 0.91 which is low when compared to other areas in Central or Western Provinces.

1.2.3. SEX - RATIO AND MIGRATION TRENDS

The sex ratio according to 19^9 population census was 105» At present there are no indicators that this has changed. In the last ten years there has been movement of people from the District to the neighbouring Uasin Gishu and Transzoia Districts to acquire land formerly owned by the white settlers. Those who move are usually the well-to-do farmers/businessmen who can afford to purchase these farms or businesses individually or in co-operatives. The numbers of those who have moved to these Districts is not available because there are no records kept for this purpose.

/8 8

The movement however, cannot be termed as real migration because those who move still retain their homesteads and farms in the home district. Very few move with their entire families while mostly it is the men who move to these acquired farms/or businesses. There most of them marry a second or third wife to look after the new interests while the first wife remains in the home District to look after the interests there. In reality, those who have moved to these neighbouring Districts consider themselves to be residents of their home District. Even during the time of voting some come back to vote in their home areas.

1.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FROFILE

The KejLvos and Marakwets are past oralis t s by tradition but have taken to agriculture for several ! generations. In the Kerio Valley, excluding the activities of Fluorspar mine, the activities of the people are essent­ ially subsistence cropping and stockrearing. The valley bottom however, is se^jerellyEif f ected by vectorborne diseases such as (yeXlpw f evgxJ It is_a 1sq__afjij^t.ed__hy teetse^fly, As a result, the area is not regularly - used by either man or stock. The Talus Slopes from the ! escarpment are, however, more healthy and extensively used although the population persists in choosing to live in the more elevatejd^jridgejs and descending to the lower slopes during the day to work on shambas. The crops grown in the Valley are bananas, sugarcane, citrus, sorghum, finger millet, maize, groundnuts etc. Uneconomical but traditional prestigious herds of Zebu cattle and indigeneous goats and sheep are. kept. Beekeaping is also another traditional activity.

Along the plateau and around the Cherangani Hills, the main activities of the people are mixed farming. Cash crops include wheat, maize, pyrethrum and small quantities of tea and sunflower. Dairy cattle and wool sheep are kept by a few farmers concentrated in Southern division ( for dairy cattle) and around the Cherangani Hills for wool sheep. These farmers also grow their food crops. Livestock include Zebu cattle and indigeneous sheep, goats and chicken.

The ecological difference between the valley and the plateau zones has also an inflluence on the income levels or living standard of the people in the two zones. Incomes in the highlands and the plateau are higher than those in the valley. The climate, communications, access to markets, health and education facilities and external influence are more favourable in the plateau zone than in the valley where the communities are mainly pursuing subsistence economy.

The commercial sector in the District is very small, composed mainly of retail shops and markets in the various rural markets and local centres. Very few shopkeepers are fulltime engaged in their business, but are part time farmers as well. /_. The retailers get their supplies from Eldoret where there is greater commercial activity. Another important commercial activity in the District is the sale of live­ stock byauction at various sale yards organised by the County Council.

The Fluorspar mine in the Southern Kerio Valley is the only major Industrial enterprise in the District. It employs about 500 people in its mining activities. There are, however, small timber mills in the Elgeyo, Chesoi and Cherangi Forests employing a few people. The bulk of forest timber from the District is used by the Elgeyo Saw Mills which is situated across the border with Uasin Gishu District. The mill also employs some people from the District. The Central and Local Government Institu­ tions in the District also employ a number of people.

From the foregoing it can be summarised that the bulk of the District population depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Except for the very few farmers engaged in cash crops and mixed farming activities along the plateau and the employees of Fluospar and government bodies, the rest of the population enjoy a low standard of living. This is evidenced by the poor unbalanced diet consumed, lack of hygienic knowledge, poor housing and sanitary facilities, low school enrollment etc. For quite a number of years, there has been a tendency for the well off farmers to move to the neighbouring Uasin Gishu and Transzoia Districts where they could buy shambas and live there while still maintaining their homesteads in the District. This habit is on the decline as the number of shambas available for sale in the neighbouring Districts is on the decline.

A typical small-holding of the average Keiyo/ Marakwet in the plateau zone may be described in the following terms s-

(a) Average size of a farm household 10 acres (b) Crops grown and average yield per season

Maize - 15 bags (ii! Beans - 3 bags ( Potatoes - 2 bags ' Uîi Millet - 4 bags (v) Pyrethrum — 5 bags (c) Animal epts (i) Cows 4 (ii Goats 8 (iii) Sheep 8 (d) Average size of a household - 7 people

(e) Daily diet - Breakfast tea or porridge, Lunch - Ugali and vegetables Supper - Ugali, vegetables and milk . .. /io 10

(f) Roughly -k0°/e of the total produce in the plateau is sold.

(g) The annual.cash income is estimated at Shs. 1000/= per annum in the plateau zone.

(h) About 559^ of the school age children attend school.

The above description is a very rough description of a small holding in the District based on information gathered' from people here and there. A thorough sample survey is necessary to estimate the real situation.

Land Adjudication work is in progress in the District and where this has been done (mainly on the plateau), the average size of a farm holding is about ten acres. Land consolidation is not being done and hence a family holding may consist of several parcels. This suggests that these are at least seven people to each holding. These holdings produce enough stable food crops for the family and in some cases surplus for marketing. Together with the food crops are some cattle, sheep, and chicken to provide for home needs.

At present the land situation in the District is satisfactory, there are nc landless people, squatters or refugees in the District. There are a few destitute and and disabled people numbering about 200 in the District who are aided by the Department of Social Services.

CHAPTER II

SECTORAL PROGRAMMES FOR TEE DISTRICT SECTION »A' - PRODUCTION SECTOR

AI - AGRICULTURES

A.I.I. BACKGROUND

The present land use pattern largely follows the ecological zones of the District. Thus the lower slopes of the Cherangany* s and the plateau zone and the table of Kerio escarpment are high potential areas currently under sjgjall. scale mixed „.farming,. The exception is the higher altitudes of the Cherangany Hills made up of moorland and forests. The Kerio Valley forms a flat O (rarely undulating^) land. Though unexplcited, about 50$''„ of it is in the medium potential range. Presently, this area is used for rearing local Zebu cattle, sheep and goats. Grown are maize, millet, sorghum, bananas, groundnuts, sweet potatoes, pigeon, peas, sun-flower etc. The basis for agricultural development in the valley and the District as a whole lies in the higher altitude where maize, white beans, peas etc.are grown and permanent pastures are to be found. Most farmers are engaged in mixed farming, i.e keeping animals and growing crops in their shambas. » O • • • no «• • « o • « • / • I 11

AI - I

CROP PRODUCTION ; At present, it is estimated that the area under crop production is about ä0jJ3g0__Ha • This excludes all the land left for pastures. As majority of the people are involved in subsistence cropping! the tendency is to grow more food crops, than cash crops i However, with the need for money to meet expenses such as school fees, there is an inclination towards inclusion V of cashcrops in their farming activities. The various cash and food crops grown are described below.

(a) CASHCROPS%

(i) Cottons The area under this crop has not been over 5_0_Ha« In the last two years, efforts have been made fo increase it to an area well above 200 Ha. This çq target may be realised this year. In the next five years, it is expected that 2000 Ha. or more will be under this crop. This however, will depend mostly on the price offered for the crop. Mention must be made of the fact that there is alot of potential land in the Kerio Valley and more than 5000 Ha. can be brought under cotton 9 cultivation. '

(ii) Teas This crop occupies some 35 Ha. in the Kapcherop area. There has not been much progress in JJ" growing of this crop due to high competition with other crops such as maize and pyrethrum. Another reason is that it requires a lot of labour. Efforts have not been made to increase its production but this will change during the plan period when encouragement will be given to farmers through intensive campaigns.

(iii) SUNFLOWER; It is grown in all the three divisions of the District although the hectarage is small, only 87 Ha. Its importance as a cash earner has 7 not been emphasized due to the marketing problems prevailing at present. Under the Integrated Agricultural Development Programme that is due to start in 1979» sunflower will be an important package crop in the Kerio Valley. In the next five years, the area under this crop is expected to increase to about 400 ha.

(iv) PYRETHRUM; There are more than 1000 ha. /oû under the crop. It is an important cash earner for the District. ^onn 1^v^cte e^nsedwftv^rb^(^^(^) A The pyre thrum is low jut through extens-as weTell as expanding ththe crop proproductiond . Areas feasible for the crop production are in Lelan and Moiben in the Northern Division and Mosop and Metkei in the Southern Divisions. "J? ! FOOD CROPS ———_____ In this sub—section, only the most important foodcrops are dealt with. These include maize, wheat, finger millet, sorghum, cassava, bananas and vege­ tables .

/12 (i) Maize s Though it comes under food, crops, it should be considered as a cash crop as it it an important money earner tö' both the large and small scale farmers. In 1977 the crop covered an area of approximately 171600 ha. It is expected that by 1983, maize alone will cover 22,500 ha. This may still be increased when draught resistant maize is introduced in Kerio Valley. Gross output is estimated at Shs. 50 million.

(ii) Wheats This is another important money earner currently covering about ^^OO^Jia.. This is expected to: increase to about 5000 ha. during the plan period.

(iii) Finger millets Finger millet covered 3000 ha. in 1977. The crop is grown along the valley and on the ascarpment but much of it is locally consumed.

(iv) Other food crops s Grown mainly for home consumption are sorghum, cassava, bananas, beans, vegetables etc. Some of the produce find their way into local markets. AI. 2

LIVESTOCKS Livestock production is an important subsector within the agricultural sector as animals play a major role in the livelihood of the people in the District. Emphasis of livestock compared to cropping has been 0%; the decline especially in the highland zone where people tend.to prefer growing of maize and wheat. Tnspite of ; this, people tend to love large herds of local zebu cattle. This result in overgrazing as the land available is on the decline. This is particularly so in parts of Northern Division. In thfl Kerio Valley stock rearing is the number one activity of the people. There are no ranches in the District but Kerio Valley has the potential for cattle, goat and sheep ranching. A brief summary of the main livestock enterprises follows s-

Dairy Catties Milk production is from both exotic (grade) cattle and indigineous cattle (Zebu). However, milk from the Zebu's is so little that most of it is either consumed at home or sold locally, Thus the dairy industry is largely maintained by the grade cattle.

There are about 28,000 dairy cattle in the District. These are found in the highland parts of the District but concentrated in Southern (Mosop) division and parts of northern division around Cheptongei and Moiben locations. Of the 28,000 dairy cattle- about k5°/o are mature cows i.e. there are 12,6000 mature cows which produce 3»75 million Kg. milk per annum. This is a very low level of milk production per cow which will need improvement during the plan period. 13

Beef CattJ.es- These ar; predominantly Zgjbus concentrated in the Kerio Valley. They aie i-£0 found scattered in most of jht- highlan^s.. 'flier a:rv. - c-uj 85,(00 indigenous cattle. These fix-~ .. ;. '; •-. - ^-''- 1'— - out not Tor commer­ cial purposes. Occ icjirj-.illy -vhr.n the need arise, the farmers night sell .j:.i„ or tvo c^r.-uaia to t-et cash money.

Woolshseps - The wop."- sheep ere found around the Cherangany hills in tie ricrj'^err.. Jivi^ion, Tin breed 'is predominantly ccrriedale but cc.rvi sis1 e >.ir.c"-":'-no and crosses with indigenous shaeu 'o or::!ot« The eritr.ririse with about 25,000 sheer is •"fi.v"1.:' :•''• " ' de"-•1 .^---ô 'Vit poor management in recent yoar.r. •.;•_., c .;c :'ei' : ; .,

Indigenous Goat? ai. 1 F*-3 r.s-- 7.^so c,ro concentrated in the Kex^io Valley iiiu tn.^y are ?.lro fOMr.d scattered in most of highland zon.-i. Thare are rr.ore than 80,000 goats and sheep but the citcr^'ises are j oorly developed. Their importance in the highlands is declining rapidly.

Bee Keepings- Beekeeping and hor>?y production is a common practice among many traditional be.ckeep^ . :: in the District. The exploitation o'? ^ 1 o:-; orinfc;. ..t r.e e s... and shrubs for honey production Is ^f paramount importance espe­ cially in the low-iûcdium potcv.tr.v~l artr.s of the District. Such areas are .Kerio Vallry. iClgeyo Eocr.rpment and area surrounding Chebororwa Fcrr.ers Training College where people depend on small-holder Agriculture with local Zebu, sheep and goatt and honey ;:s ' their primary souroe of income.

Hitherto- no organized hcne3r predictie 1 and marketing has taken place iv the Ti^trr ct - The ror?y produced is consumed locally ir. -ene District ^riths:: consumed fresh or used in prepe.rati.on of local', li'quor). At present there are about '0.000 becliivoo i: . the District but there is potential for 19C00 hi/ r -;hr.c:? :an produce 285OOO Kg. of honey annually worth Kshs. 2,8$0,G00/~. If the potential is fully exploited thoro would be a justifi­ cation for sotting ur a rollnsry f.r. the District.

Poultry Keeping?- It i„ .Jill. i-_ che Initial stages and the indi ..VJUP birds still r-ominate the enterprise There are 4000 er:ot; r; b_i. rls and more than 32.000 native birds in the District.- Most of the 2x0tic birds are found in the area arcunc. Zapchercp where some farmers have accepted loans for poultry development<• The sale of eggs and chicken meat are boosting farmers incomes and there is a bright future for the enterprise.

A. 1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

1 • Foor communication Networks. • The road network is very poor/ as will be seen in sect:.-r. describing roads. The telephone and postal services are also limited. This affects agricultural sector in oeverai ways s - 14

(a) During heavy rains, the roads become impassable and it is not pos iible for farmers to trans­ port farm inputs or outputs to or from their shambas at the right time. This sometimes results in crops being damaged while in the hands of the farmers for example, wheat and maize. Another product seriously affected is milk. When the collecting vehicles cannot get to the farmers due to bad weather, they are left with alot of milk in their hands and this tends to discourage them to keeping dairy cattle.

(b) In case of disease outbreak officers sometimes cannot rea.ch effected areas and hence this may result in crop failure or livestock dying in large numbers.

(c) In all these ways, farmers lose income. This seriously retards crop or livestock expansion.

2.. Lack of Marketing and Storage Facilities i- In the District there are no officers or stores for any of the parastatal bodies which are connected with marketing of crops grown. Hence, farmers have to transport their ..r-_ maize, wheat etc. to Eldoret where marketing board have their stores. This results in higher transport costs to the farmers and sometimes crop damage due to lack of stores.

3. Lack of farm inputs such as seeds and fertilizers that are needed at the right times. This is because there are no shops stocking these items in the District, Farmers have to travel to Eldoret to buy them. k. Lack of adequate land preparation and harvesting equipment such as tractors and harvesters. This results in delay in planting and hence poor crop and when the crop is not harvested at the right time it may be destroyed or its quality lowered. These give poor morale to farmers.

5. Farmers low level of education - majority of the farmers in the District have little or no formal education at all nor are they aware of modern farming methods. Hence, it has been very difficult to persuade them to change from traditional subsistence agriculture to improved market-oriented agriculture. The farmers do not under« stand the implications of credit nor do they know the importance of higher gross margin. Consequently credit administration by the Agricultural Finance Corporation has been difficult.

6. Lack of Capital - Most farmers are poor and there­ fore cannot engage in modern agricultural activities. There is need therefore for small and large scale credit facilities. /15 15 7. Soil erosion and water conservation are serious problems affecting the District. Areas mainly affected are in. southern division and Kerio Valley.

8. Lack of adequate trained agricultural personnel leading to poor extension services to the farmers.

A.1.3. OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEMS

The aim is to avail land preparation machines and harvesters at the correct times. This is important when crops such as cotton, wheat and maize are considered. The Tractor Hire Service started to prepare land for cotton growing early 1978 in the District with five tractors working in Kerio Valley. The service will be encouraged to expand its activities. Maize seed, especially the low altitude varieties have not always been available. Dealers should be encouraged and appointed to stock seeds and fertilizers in the District.

Another important factor to consider is storage. Stores should Jbe built in areas where crops are grown for protection against pests and adverse weather condi­ tions, when the crop is harvested. Roads must be improved to ensure timely and efficient transportation of both inputs and outputs.

The marketing system must be improved as it is the most important incentive to agriculture production. Poor system will hinder agriculture development and hence traditional agriculture will continue.

Since capital is needed from planting period of crops to marketing times, credit facilities should be made available to farmers for purchase of various inputs and for the transportation of produce to markets. There is need to involve the various parastatal bodies involved in marketing of various products, in particular K.T.D.A., Cotton lint and seed marketing Board, wheat board, maize board etc.

There is need for increased trained agricultural staff, especially extension staff to disseminate knwo- ledge to farmers » This is being improved every year. Refresher courses will be offerred to existing staff and farmers at F.T.C. - Chebororwa and other training institutions.

Minor irrigation and water conservation schemes should be established in the affected areas especially in Kerio Valley. Essential food stuffs can then be grown throughout the year. This should be complemented with more agricultural experimentation in areas involved.

/16 16

A.I .4. DEVELOPMENT THRUST-TO-DATE

With the aim of turning Xeric Valley into a cotton 'belt, the Cotton Lint Seed and Marketing Board has been approached and involved in land preparation and it is hoped that the marketing facilities will improve. Farmers have also been recruited and are willing to.plant the crop. Cotton seed, and gunny bags are provided free while pumps and inseaticides are on loan basis. The Integrated Agricultural Development Programme will start in 1979 in the District and it is hoped to stimulate increased production of several cash crops. By the time the first phase of programme comes to an end, it is hoped that 1000 farmers with more than 2000 hectares will be catered for.

In the past,Guaranteed minimum Return Loans have been provided and the scheme continues with slow but continuous improvement on loan recoveries. Since 1964, development loans have been issued to 1464 farmers in the District. These include crop and livestock farmers as well. While it is difficult to tell how much money has been issued to farmers over the years, the amounts owed to A.F.C. run into millions. The loan repayments have not been very encouraging as only about 60°/o of loan ' instalments are collected when they are due. This state of affairs is mainly attributed to poor marketing facili­ ties available to farm produce in the District.

The "Rural Access Roads Programme" was started in 1977 in the District and it is expected to improved some 600 Km. of roads in the agricultural productive areas by the time the programme completes its tasks. This will enable farmers to have access to the classified roads and hence buying centres or make it easy for vehicles to collect produce direct from farms.

In order to improve livestock health and reduce mortality, the veterinary Dept. has been organizing various innoculation compaigns in the District. Notably Anthrax, Blackquarter and Rinderpest are carried out annually. Cattle dips have also been built in various parts of the country. To date there are 70 cattle dips and 10 sheep dips in the District.

At present there are 400 hectres under irrigation. ,*l There will be need to expand this, especially in Kerio Valley to cover more than 2400 hectres by the end of the plan period. This would cost more than K£.30,000 to complete the work satisfactorily. There are also three soil conservation projects which have been going on in the northern division. Two of the projects have been accomplished. Another seven conservation projects could be started during the next plan period to cater for the soil loss and also provide casual labour. These should be done as follows s - 2 projects in Southern Division, 2 in Central Division and 3 in Northern Division. Total cost would be approximately K£„30,000 for all the 7 new projects. /.._ 17 During the last plan (197^-78), a wool extension centre was opened in Labot in Lelan location. The centre however did not operate for any length of time due to lack of trained personnel to man the centre, lack of finances and Security problems (the rams were stolen from the centre).

A. 1.5. PROPOSED PLAN OF ACTION

The Ministry of Agriculture has plans to train farmers on improved methods of production of crops such as cotton, maize,•sunflower, potatoes etc. as well as 'on improved livestock. Training will be offered at Chebororwa Farmers College and |±êji Village Polytechnic and through expanded extension services. Although the number of farmers that has been attending the courses at Chebororwa F.T.C. from the District has been small, more will be recruited during the plan period. The Ministry staff that have been in the field for many years will need to be rejuvenated through more training on techniques and approaches to both crop and livestock production. It is also in the plan of the Ministry of Agriculture to train more specialized staff to speed up development in - all fields.

The Ministry also proposes to encourage parastatal bodies which are concerned with crops produced in the District to open offices and buying centres at least at the District Headquarters to ease the farmers problems of transporting their produce to Eldoret.

The Agricultural Finance Corporation intends to increase its loans portfolio by giving more collectable loans. But this will depend on the farmers' ability to borrow and repay. Collection of outstanding loans will be another activity involving visiting as many loanees as possible and selling some securities.

In addition to.; what has been done to control, prevent and eradicate livestock diseases, the ministry intends to declare the escarpment part of the District, a disease „buffer zone as it is adjacent to disease free area. This will mean carrying out of compulso_ry vaccina­ tion of all cattle against foot and mouth disease. This is expected to start during the second half of 1979. on disease and pest control, the Veterinary Department intends to take over the management of all dips in the District. Essentially this will involve employing of dip attendants and supplying of acaricides - Intially farmers will pay a small fee per animal dipped but dipping may be free by 19&0. Farmers will be encouraged to build more dips so that by 1983, there should be 82 cattle dips and 9 sheep dips. This ministry intends to build an artificial insemination centre at Iten and Chepkorio during the plan period. The Veterinary Department intends to take over meat inspection from the health department as soon as they have recruited enough staff. 18

TABLE 4 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ELGEYO/MARAKWET DISTRICT K£'000

YEAR 1978/79 1979/80 1980/81 1981/82 1982/8;! TOTAL DISTRICT

I. A. D „ P. PHASE II 52 88 104 120 136 5OO

JL 6 A o xJ o JL © PHASE IV - 48 60 66 90 262

TRACTOR HIRE SERVICE 19 20 20 20 20 99

SOIL CON­ SERVATION - 40 40 40 40 160

SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATION UNIT 30 30 30 30 40 140

DEVELOPMENT OF LIVESTOCK 5 7 8 8. 9 37 AND: MARKETING

BEEKEEPING 11 .6 10.5 9.4 9.3 9 49.8

LOANS & ADVANCES TO K.T.D.A. .7 ,6 .5 .6 .6 3

TEA FACTORIES - 3.2 2.8 1.9 .9 8.8

TOTAL 118.3 147.3 274.7 295.8 345.5 1259.6

A. 1.6. CONSTRAINTS FOR NEW ACTIVITIES

1. Majority of the farmers lack formal or informal education and it has proved difficult to introduce new farming methods to them. Proposed Ministerial Projects and programmes may lack support from local community and henoe their failure. 19

2. Geographical position of the District presents difficulty in communication and road constructions. The heights above several ranges from 3»500 ft. at Kerio Valley to 11,000 ft. at Lelan and therefore various roads especially in the escarpment and lower parts of Kerio Valley are washed away during heavy rains. This makes it difficult to reach some parts of the District during isuch periods. Roads construction and maintenance is both [expensive and difficult.

3'. Land Adjudication has not been done over the whole District especially in the Kerio Valley. Therefore people in areas where it has not been done cannot secure loans for development of their lands due to lack of Security against such loans.

4. Ministerial problems such as lack of adequate funds, transport facilities, shortage of staff and required equipment etc.

A. 2. NATURAL RESOURCES

The District is endowed with two important kinds of natural resources which are commercially exploited. They are s -

1 / Flourspar calcium deposit 2) Forests.

A. 2 . 1.f BACKGROUND

Fluorspar Calcium Depositss- Exist in large quantities in Kerio Valley. They are exploited by the Fluorspar Company of Kenya. The Company was formed in 1970 as a joint venture by the Government through I.C.D.C. and Private enterprise.

A. 2.1.2. PROBLEMS ; - The main problems facing the company are s -

( 1 ) Effluents from the mill which require research ") and control to contain the silt. /

(il) People living along the river cannot drink the water when it is polluted.

(ill) Many people in the area want their children to attend Fluorspar Primary School and Medical treatment.

(IV) Short age of houses for company employees.

(V) Frequent landslides because of the rains resulting in the main Nyaru Road being blocked. ./20 20

A2.1.3. DEVELOPMENT THRUST TO DATE

. At the moment the company employees 361 people permanently and in 1977 produced 105,755 tons of the deposits worth Shs. 5^,992,600/=.

At the tine óf establishment several hardships were already experienced by the people of the area who were almost cut-off from the other developed areas by lack of communication. The company employees and other people in the area used to go to Eldcret and other placée using the Tambach road. The company has now constructed a road gJLJkilometres to Nyaru. The company has also constructed a bridge over the Mong River which carries small cars, bicycles and pedestrians. A similar bridge has been constructed over the Kimwarer river. In addition to the two bridges, there is a foot bridge which is used by company employees, people in the area and Kimwarer Primary School children over Kimwarer river.

People of this area who had immigrated to other areas are returning to this area now because of improved communication. The company has also built a dispensary and primary school which serve both the company employees and the public. Other benefits arising out the. company infrastructure are that people of this area can easily market their farm products and can use the company ambulance in cases of illness requiring urgent medical attention.

The company has constructed a floating mill costing 49 million shillings offices, jigs and:crüshes\ modern residential buildings for its employees, recreation facilities and heavy earthmoving equipment worth many thousands of shillings.

A. 2.1.k. PLAN ACTION

Steps taken to control effluents;- The company has invited tenders for the construction of dams where it is hoped that the effluents from the mill could flow and be returned until it settles. Efforts are being made to find ways and means of cleaning the effluents before allowing the same to flow into the river.

In addition to the roads and bridges constructed, the company has built an àirstrip which is now operational. The company hopes to spend more money on office and housing improvements.

A.2.1.5. CONSTRAINTS;- Depressed world market is situation which affects the company's cash flow position.

A2.2.

FORESTRY 21 AZ.2. FORESTRY A2 . 2 . 1 . BACKGROUND

Due to the administrative differences between forest district and administrative district only that portion (33996 Ha.) administered by the Elgeyo Forest Station also oovered in the report. Other Forest areas are administered by Cherangany and Kaptagat Stations.

The bulk of the forest area is still . under indigenous forest. Because of theslow growth of most of the indigenous trees the areas that have been utilized in the past have been replanted with fast growing exotic soft woods. As of 1978 a total of 3055 ha. have been converted into plantationc of these fast growing soft wood while 137 ha. have been replanted with cedar '.'..' ' :_ (indigenous). The latter was done grior,to_ 19JL3» The main uses of the Forest areas ares-

(i) Timber extraction by saw mills (ii) Conversion into shambas by workers (iii) Replanting with exotiv soft woods.

A. 2..2. .- PROBLEMS ' , ' '

.1. Encroachment by the neighbouring communities. In areas such, as West Xipkunuru and Embobut blocks multi­ tudes of people have migrated from their reserves into forest where they have settled illegally. Basically these areas are reserved for water catchment. Because of indiscriminate cutting of trees and" other foliage the Natural'waterflow has been so adversely affected that those people in the Kerio Valley may soon have no water for existence.

2. Excessive theft - Along with encroachment stealing of forest produce is a common phenomena. This leads to loss of public funds.

A.2.2.3. STRATEGY TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEMS % -

(i) By building more stations - Three more stations are required to support the existing stations.

(ii) By increasing policing manpower. At the moment there are a few guards covering a big forest block and there number should be increased,

A.2.2.4 DEVELOPMENT THRUST TC-DATE

(i) At the moment a station is being set up at Chesoi. This, when completed will look after the two areas affected by encroach­ ment viz Kipkurur and Embobut.

(ii) The forestry department has in the last three years increased its annual planting programmes (from 150 Ha. per year to 230 ha.) through a world Bank Loan Project. This in effect means that the department expects to have planted approximately 1200 ha. with soft x^ood by the end of the plan period. . . f22 22 A.2.2.5. PROFOSED FLANS:- Already there is a plan to set up a new station in Cheboyet Forest to boost development activities in this area. The station will probably be ready by the end of 1979. When this is complete, additional planting programme of say another 100 ha. per year will bë realized Rural Afforestation will be another major activity to enlarge and encourage people to plant trees.

A.2.2.6. CONSTRAINTS s -

The only constraint foreseable is that óf finance. Presently the increased planting efforts are hindered by lack of funds to hire labour.

TABLE 5. MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT BUDGET

FOREST DEPARTMENT K£ » 000

YEAR PROJECT 197C/79 1979/80 1980/81 1981/S2 1982/83 TOTAL

1 . Forest Flaritation 38 40.6 43-5 46.5 49.8 218.4 Development

2. Rural Aff créstatioi Extention 33.8 54.8 62.3 68.5 75.^ 299.8 scheme

/23 23

A3 COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY

A3. 1. BACKGROUND

The commercial and Industrial sector of the District is very small. Industrial subsector is non-existant in the District while the commercial sector is composed of small scale traders located in the various urban, rural, market and local centres. This can be seen from Trade Licences issued in 1977»

TRADE LICENCES ISSUED IN 1977

B1. - Wholesalers Nil B2. - Caterers 83 B3. - Motor Vehicles Repair Nil Bk. - Regulated Trade 507 B5. - Miscellaneous 30 B6. - Manufacturers Nil Source - Ministry of Commerce and Industry (D.T.D..O.) Eldoret (1978).

There are nine periodic markets in the District, each of which take place once a week. They are located at Iten, Kapcherop, Kamoi, Sugar, Chebara, Kaptakakwa, Kapsowar, Tot and Chesoi. Comparatively, greater activity takes place at Iten Kapchercp and Kapsowar, The markets are just fenced compounds with no facilities for bin's coolers, grading tables etc. The transactions involve sale of farm products- such as fruits, vegetables, maize, beans etc. and sale of second-hand clothes. The turn­ over during a busy market day can range between two to five thousand shillings.

Another important commercial activity is the sale of livestock in auctions. Cattle auctions are hold once a month at Kapcherop, Chebororwa Kaptalwa, Cheptongei, Sergoit, Kamarin, Kitany, Chepkorio, Kimwosor and Chesoi. The turn over during one auction averanges Ksh. 120,000. Annually 10,000 cattle are. sold and the County Council gets about Kshs. 60,000 in form of fees from auctions. Goat auctions are held in Kerio Valley in the following centres?- Tot, Kabiego, Koitilial, Kopchonwa, Rimoi and Beretwo once every two months.

Other small scale activities include pombe brewing, Charcoal burning, shoe repair's bicycle repair's timber milling, Furniture making and repairs etc. These are of insignificant nature äs they involve one or two traders in a designated centre. . /2k 2k

Most of the traders are farmers as well. Hence trading as a full time activity is conducted by a few people employing little help. The total employment in this sector is currently est±ma'ted at 1500 people in the District.

A. 3.2. PROBLEMS FACING THE COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY SECTOR

(1) Lack of ma.jor Agency Services;- At the moment there are no agents of the major firms in the District. For . example, agents of K.F.A., K.N.T.C., B.A.T., Kenya Breweries, Broke Bond Leibig (K) Ltd., Motor Vehicle & Plants etc. are all situated in Eldoret. Due to this structure, most of the traders in the District have to obtain all their requirements from Eldoret which means they have to pay higher transport costs. This has to a large extent reduced the trading activity within the District.

(2) Lack of Banking Facilities;- All Commercial under­ takings involve exchange of money from one hand to. another. The lack of banking facilities within the District has tended to slacken trading in that traders and other people have to travel to Eldoret for their banking, matters and during their visits, they do their shopping there.

(3) Unplanned Markets ;- Owing to lack of planning, most rural, markets and local centres had not been planned and hence leases for plot owners have not been.issued and in this respect, the traders in these centres have not been able te raise commercial loans for their business due to lack of relevant security. This problem has therefore tended to reduce trading activity throughout the entire District.

(k) Cash flow to the neighbouring Uasin Gishu District;- Most of traders and/or farmers have the tendency of in­ vesting their savings in buying shambas or plots in Uasin Gishu. This deprives the District of any invest­ ment funds in trade or industry.

(5) Growth of townships and hence commerce have been negatively affected by their proximity to Eldoret and Kitale. From Iten District Headquarters, Eldoret is only 25 miles (36 KLMS) away, and as stated earlier, many people tend to go there for shopping. Lack of services such as law firms, private doctors, petrol stations banks etc. in the District encourage people to travel to Eldoret and Kitale.

(6) Poor communication network;- Roads are poor, the telephone and postal services are limited. These affect commerce in that mobile wholesalers cannot reach all the centres nor can traders make orders by phone or post. /25 25

(7) Low incomes of the people both for spending and for investment purposes curtail expansion in this sector.

(8) Shortages of essential commodities in the retail shops.

A. 3.3. SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT THRUST TO DATE

The County Council has been involved in establish­ ment and planning development of centres. Over the past few years, the following have been planned.

(i) Iten township development plan has been completed and lease certificates issued. '

(ii) Chepkorio and Tambach have been planned but survey work is not yet complete.

(iii) Aerial survey has been taken, for Kaptarakwa, Kapsowar, Chebiemit, Bugar, Chebororwa, , . Tot and Kimwarer but plans are not yet done.

The Government has been encouraging trade expansion by providing loans to small scale traders. In 1972, 67 traders were granted loans amounting to shs. 463,000/- by the District Joint Loan Board.

During the last plan period (197^-78) the African Power and Lighting Company extended their supply to Fluorspar Company where it is playing a vital role in the mining activities of the company. The supply has also reached Iten District Headquarters where the central and local Government offices have been sited. '

A. 3.4. OBJECTIVES AMD STRATEGY TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEMS

The County Council intends to accelerate,the planning of all centres in the County so that leases can be issued to enable traders to obtain loans or other financial aid. To this end, a Draughtsmen has been engaged to expedite all planning work. More markets and sale yards will be constructed in order to increase business activity particularly for the small scale producers who form majority of traders.

Expansion of Iten township will be embarked on so as to reduce the reliance of Eldoret for Commerce. The County Council ha.s arranged to. buy more - land f or town expansion purposes and it proposes to provide a number of essential services such as sewage disposal schemes, conservancy services and housing.

When this is completed, the Council hopes to attract investors in industry, agents of big firms and financial Institutions. This strategy for growth of the township will require participation of the Council, the Government and the private sector. A combined effort will bring in quicker realisation of these objectives. /26 26

Educating- the businessmen and local population on improved methods of trading and availability of credit will be given in future«. The department of Social Services will look into possibilities of cottage industries. It is hoped that the current village poly­ technic in the Distric will be expanded and two more will be built during the plan period so that each division will have at least one village polytechnic.

To ensure perfect passage of goods to wholesalers and retailers, the Trade department will work in collaboration with administration and Police to eliminate smuggling and hoarding which has caused shortages of essential commodities.

A.3.5. PLAN OF ACTION

The County Council proposes to.'construct and build modern and open air markets in the following centres by order of priority. Adequate facilities such as provision of bins, cooler etc. will be provided where possible.

1. Modern Markets 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Iten - - Tambach Kapcherop Chepkorio Xapsowar. Tot

2. Open Air Markets

1979 1980 1981 1982

Kamoi Chebiemit Kaptarakwa Kamwosor - Chebara Chepsigot Kabulwo Chebororwa Chessngoch Chepteho Kipsaos Nyaru Kapchorwa Kimwarer Rimoi Chesoi Bugar

Licences s - The County Council will continue as envisaged in the 3rd. development plan to provide new enterprises through trade licencing legislation.

Landuse Planning and Allocation - The council aims at accelarating the growth of Iten township to cater for increase in population. Planning and allocation of land in other centres will be carried out progressively during the plan period.

The Trade development office will advice traders on credit facilities open to them particularly Commercial Banks, I.C.D.C. and District Joint Loan Boards. ./27 27

The I.C.D.C, has promised to continue to offer credit facilities to Kenyan businessmen wishing to expand their operation. Their minirium is shs. 50,000/-. The trade Department will continue to offer small scale loans to 'young' businessmen who do not qualify for I.C.D.C. or Bank Loanc . The present maximum of shs, 10,000/- will be increased to shs. 20,000/- if the County Council contributes towards the funds of the Board. As the number of loan defulters in rising, tight measures will be introduced.to, help the department collect outstanding amounts.

With the assistance of'management Training and Advisory Centre, Arxll conduct courses for small business­ men; In the past, courses were held at Provincial or District level but it is hoped that if funds become available, courses will be organized at Divisional level.

A.3.6. CONSTRAINTS TO NEW ACTIVITIES

1. FINANCE s This is the main constraint which inhabit all major plans that are envisaged. The County Council revenue savings are inadequate for any capital works and consequently the Council depends primarily on loans for its projects. Loans which are obtained from Local Government Loans Authority and National Housing Corpora­ tion etc. have become scarce as demand exceeds amounts available. This situation results in delay in completing earmarked capital projects.

2. HARMONY % - To implement all. .proposed .development •• projects evisaged requires full harmony and co-operation from central and local government departments as well as the indigineous population.

3. LAND;- In adequate land for markets establishment in areas where registration of land has been undertaken is a hindrance to planning of markets. This retards development of the particular area and hence of the region generally. h. Lack of entrepreneurship amongst the local population is a major constrant. Those with funds for investment are not keen to put it in business.

5. The local traders have complained of high cost charges for installing electricity in their premises at Iten and hence only a few traders enjoy this facility.

A4. CO-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT

A.4.1. - 3ACEGR0UND

There are three types of co-operative societies in the District namelys-

/28 28

( 1 ) Agricultural marketing Societies for Iryrethrum, milk wool, cotton, etc. There are 13 of this kind o

(2; Savings and credit Societies (2)

(3) Consumer Co-operative, society (l)

A.4.2. DEVELOPMENT THRUST TO DATE

Xn all, there are oixteen coperative societies. The Dair37- and lyre thrum have continued to be the back­ bone of the co-operative movement in the District but there is room for expansion cf the two sectors and turn them into multipurpose societies to include other activities like dipping, ranching, vegetables, transport etc. The people of the District have continued to show a high commitment to co-cperative activities, and this has contributed remarkably to the development of the high­ land part of the District. ...

Seven active Co-operative Societies are affiliated to Sirikwa Farmers Co—operative Union which has attracted members from four Districts namelys — Uasin Gishu, Trans Nzoia, West ïokot and•Slgeyo/Märakwet. In 1977 'the Co-operatives in the District had a turnover of shs. ^»P53-» 96O with membership of 8,000. A co-operative Union has been proposed and will be registered in 1979.

A. k.J. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

The main problems facing the Cc-operativës in the District are s-

,(i) Some of management committee members and' the staff members are incapable of running the societies.

(ii) Lack of credit facilities to members where land Adjudication has not been done and hence farmers have no title deeds.

(iii) Delay in membership payments.

(iv) I-oor marketing system.

(v) Sad roads.

A.4.k. OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY TO OVERCOME. THE.PROBLEMS

To overcome the problems, the following .steps'- should be takenü- (l.) Intensification of education to members and management committees. (2) Establishment of proper accounting system and improved recording system for recording members transactions with societies. - 29

(3) Employment of qualified staff to run societies.

(4) Regulate the members payment. »

(5) Poor marketing system

(6) Improvement of the poor road and other communication networks.

A. 4.5. FLAN OF ACTION

During the plan period, it is proposed that the following will be implemented s-

(1) Under Integrated Agricultural Development Programme, four Societies will be registered at s- (a) Soy location (Southern Division) sb) Irong Location (Ke rio Valley) c) Sambirir East (Northern Division) (d) Endo Location (Northern Division) (2) Three poultry and eggs Co-operatives in the ' three divisions.

(3) Four Savings and credit Societies fors- (i) K.N.U.T. members of Elgeyo/Marakwet Branch, (ii) County Council of Keiyo/Marakwet employees. (iii) Employees of Co-operative Societies in the District.

(4) An investment Co-operative will be formed to run Tracadero Commercial Building which is presently owned by a loose association of Chepkoric, Kaptarakwa and Metkei Co-operative Societies.

A.4.6. CONSTRAINTS TO NEW ACTIVITIES'

1. Low production from farms. 2. Low membership enrolment. 3. Lack of knowhow by farmers/members of - Co-operatives.

A. 5.1. BACKGROUND - TOURISM AND WILD LIFE

The District offers a number of potential tourist attractions such as the magnificient scenery along Elgeyo Escarpment and the Kerio Valley. Wildlife is also rampant in the forest areas of the valley. However, this tourist potential has not been exploited at all. The wildlife species in the valley include elephants, rhinos, monkeys etc. /30 3Q

A. 5 .2. FROBLEMS; The tourist potential has not been exploited due to several factors s -

(1) No area has been set aside and gazetted as a Game Reserve area or Park.

(2) There are no tourist hotels in the District.

(3) The access roads to tourist spots are very poor.

A.5.3. FLAN OF ACTION

The County Council in liason with the District Development Committee and the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife will set aside la.nd for the establishment cf a Game Reserve during the plan period. The proposed 'Kamnarok Ganie^Reserye ' is expected to be a joint venture between the Baringo and Koiyo/Marakwet County Council as the Game Reserve area will cover the two districts. In addition to setting apart the land for Game Reserve, the County Council intends to build a tourist hotel to boost tourism in the District in the long run.

The opening up of Kamnarok Game Reserve to tourists would make the Northern tourist circuit complete with other areas such as Lake Baringo, Lake Bojr*goria National Reserve, Mt. Eigen National Park and Lake Turkana. In addition to the usual foreign exchange positive gain from tourism, the County Council hopes to earn revenue in form of gate fees, selling of reserve maps, camping fees etc.

A.5.^. 'CONSTRAINTS TO NEW ACTIVITIES

1. Lack of funds to construct tourist facilities such as hotels.

2. Poor infrastructure — roads, telephone etc.

3. Acquisition of land for setting aside a game park reserve:

/31 TABLE 6 CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES ELGEYO/MARAKWET CS/NO NAME ACTIVITY/PRODUCE MEMBERSHIP ANNUAL TURN­ OVER ; 707 MOIBEN F.C.S. LTD PYRETHRUM/WOOL 2185 281,729.60 736 IRONG PCS LTD. -do- 580 39,725.30 1 * 809 NYARU F.C.S. LTD. DAIRY/PYRETHRUM 4l6 379»7^2.35 811 KAPTARAKWA FCS LTD -do- 706 476,187.65 876 LELAN PCS LTD WOOL/PYRETHRUM 315 292,960.00

946 METKEI FCX LTD. DAIRY/PYRETHRUM 628 522,482.85 1982 SAMBIRIR FCS LTD. WOOL 157 NO FIGURES AVAIL. 2073 CHEPKORIO FCS LTD DAIRY/PYRETHRUM 2217 639,826.56 2097 SENGWER FCS LTD -do- 245 26,057.78 2173 MUTEI FCS LTD. -do- DORMANT 2338 FLUORSPAR CCS LTD. CONSUMERS TO CHANGE ITS BYE-LAWS TO C6 & C6

26!63 KEIYO/MARAKWET TEACHERS CS & CS LTD. CS & CS 128 102,000.00 2719 KIMWARER FCS LTD COTTON.. NEWLY REGISTERED 2729 KERIO CENTRAL FCS LTD. COTTON 3OO NOT STARTED BUSINESS 27^2 KERIO MTAA CS & CS LTD CS & CS 46 103,340.00 2774 KAPKITONY FCS LTD. DAIRY/PYRETHRUM 204 327,865.20 Total 8,127

A Co-operative Union for the District has been proposed and plans have been made to have it registered by the beginning of 1979. BI TRANSFORT.AND ROADS

! B. 1 i 1 ROADS . .."

' B1 .1 . 1 Background;'- The Elgeyo/Marakwet District can be divided into three regions that differ completely in road construction and maintenance. There is the highland to the West which is very_ yet.during the rainy seasons, and very dusty during the hot,seasons. Then there is the Kerio Valley which runs a long the entire District to the East which is almost a semi—arid region with totally different .weather from the highlands due to altitudinal differences. Finally there is the ridge connecting the plateau and the valley which is very steep and this makes road construction both difficult and expensive.

In all there are 57^.^Kms of classified roads in the District with only 16 Kms of bitumized surface on C^k to_. the. southern part of the District. The bütïmi'sed road leads to Fluorspar Factory. The condition of the other roads in the entire District is very poor. .The road connecting Eldoret., Iten/_and Kabarnet through Chebloch is almost impassible during the rainy season.; Travelling to'Tot' via Chebiemit is simply impossible. ; Then from Iten to Tot via Tarabach through Arror, the road is terrible. This poor state of affairs are the same for the road from Itén to Chepkorio passing through Kaptaràkwa and also from Iten to Chebiemit. Roads from Chebiemit to Lelan, Kaptalainwa to Kabiego and Sambirir are impass­ : able during the rainy season. This is the ;same and from Chebororwa to Kapcherop and Kamoi in Cherangany Location.

Most of the classified roads are on the plateau and are maintained by the Ministry of Works. These roads are much better than those in the valley where in most cases only four wheel drive vehicles can manage.

Regular public transport inform of matatus operate on the plateau zone. ; There is' no bus or railway trans­ port in the.District. The available public transport (Matatus) however, tend to operate on routes leading to outside theiDistrict i.e. to Eldoret or Kitale. For example travellers from Chepkorio, Kimwarer, Muskut, Nyaru etc. in Southern division have easy and cheap access to Eldoret than to Iten, and travellers from Chebiemit, Kapcherop and Chebororwa areas have easy and direct access to Eldoret or Kitalè. This nature cf operations mean that somebody travelling to Iten District Headquarters from Chebiemit has to pass through Eldoret. This state of affairs therefore tend not to integrate the District but; to accentuate the problem of commercial domination of Eldoret over Iten or other centres in the District. Travelling from the valley to the plateau is done mainly pn.foot due to lack of any form of public : transport. There is however, a matatu from Tot which operates very irregularly. On the- plateau there are adequate-matatus operating from Kapsowar, Chebiemit, Kapchero, Chebororwa, Iten, JCaptarakwa and Chepkorio, .^ all leading to Eldoret or Kitale. /33 33 Lorries to transport agricultural produce from the farms are too inadequate and farmers have sometimes to travel to Eldoret to seek them for hire. Intact, Fluorspar company which does alot of transport business to carry their products from the. valley to Kaptagat railway station hire lorries from outside the -Dis-trict ; The nature of roads discourages transporters to operate in the District. From the valley the only commercial agricultural produce cotton, is transported by Cotton & Lint vehicles assisted by Ministry of Agriculture.

Donkeys help farmers to transport, farm produce, fire­ wood, charcoal, drawing water etc. from shambas to their homes. They also help to transport the same products to the markets en market days. A substantial amount pf. charcoal consumed at Iten is supplied by donkeys. These are mainly concentrated near forest', areas and apart from transportation use, they have no other significant role. B1.1.2. Statement of Problems During the rainy seasons, the roads become impassable and some are washed away thereby making it impossible to reach certain parts of the District during such periods. Bridges are washed away and steep gullies are cut which need a bridge even if there is no permanent river. As a result people are compelled to travel long distances and in some cases through the neighbouring Districts to arrive at nearby destinations which, if the roads were good could have been reached with ease and lesser transport • costs.

The roads deteriote so badly during the rainy season because they are earth roads. After the Minist y of Works repairs them during the dry seasons, it takes only a few • days of rain to make them impassable. Gravelled roads are much better and do not deteriorate so quickly.

Another problem is that some farmers do not observe the road reserves and usually fence their farms very close to the road so that it is not possible to make proper drains.

The greatest problem to road maintenance unit in the District is the frequent breakdown of plants and vehicles and lack of funds to repair the same. Each camp has only one tipper (there are seven camps in the District) and when one breaks down the work almost stops except that which can be done within a walking distance from the camp.

B. 1 .1.3 Objectives; Rain is the major enemy to roads and there is nothing that can be done to control it. The aim therefore is to improve the quality of the roads so that they can be passable during the seasons. The Government should set aside enough funds for buying new machines and vehicles and also for repair of old ones. Wananchi should be informed of the importance of road reserves so that water can be drained out always from the roads. /34 34

B.1.1.4

Development Thrust to date; The Fluorspar company has constructed a 24 kilometre all weather road from Nyaru to Chebutie at a cost of Shs. 4 million! thus opening the area to the outside world. The company has also, constructed bridges over Kimwarer and Mong rivers, there by acting as a link between Soy location and Sacho location in Baringo District. The Ministry of Works has also given a contract for gravelling Iten-Eldoret (C51) road with murrum.

B. 1 . 1 .5 .

Plan of Actions- Flans are underway to construct Eldoret- tfllg&tfd- Marigat road [Bitumen standard) which passes through the District via road number C 51. This road is part of the programme to open up Kerio Valley._jr.or'.. development by easing communication problem through and within the valley. It will provide a good link between Baringo and Elgeyo/Marakwet Districts. It is hoped that when Kerio Valley integrated development starts (under Kerio Valley Development Authority), roads within the Valley will be built to connect to this main road and thus produce from the valley can be transported to either Nakuru via Kabarnet or to Eldoret.

On local level, a road is about to be opened from the junction of C51 (Chebloch) to C55 (Metkei). Also the road from Chesoi and Chesegoch (D 340) which passes through the rocky mountains will be repaired soon. In some sections the road passes through ridges and rocks which will have to be blasted and probably new alignments made. There are also plans to construct a bridge on road No. C 52, E 351 and two on E 352. Drifts will be made on E 280, C 52 and retaining walls on D 340. If proposals for gravelling are approved the road from Chebiemit to Cheptongei will, be regravelled.

The District Development Committee has recommended that more bridges across Kerio river be constructed to increase the link points with Baringo District.

Rural Access Roads Programme operating under the Ministry of Works, covers the District. This is a special programme with the following objectivess-

(i) To promote all weather access between high potential farming areas and market centres.

(ii) To provide meaningful employment opportunities to the people in whose areas the programme is being implemented.

(iii) To encourage shifts in land use by promoting production diversification towards cash crops and livestock activities.

(iv) To bring more people out of subsistence and into markeet economy. 0..../35

L 35 --

(v) To improve the quality of rural life and to support the government's growth centre policy by making accessible, on a year round basis the services available at designated centres.

(vi) To improve the access of administrative officers into rural areas. "

The programme will intially cover some 200 Kms of roads in the District and work has already began in Southern Division. After completing the roads in Southern Division, the constructing unit will move to Central and thereafter to Northern Division in Geographical order.

The various roads in the programme are screened and selected by the District Development Committee in accordance with certain guidlines issued by the Ministry of Works (Roads).

8 This programme will stimulate agricultural production and will bring small-holder farmers to the market economy by allowing them all weather access, to markets.' Moreover the exercise will enable rural dwellers to have easier access to social services and facilities.

B.1 .1.6.

Constraints ; Lack of funds by the Ministry of Works is the major factor that faces the activities of the ministry. There are many roads which are not classified by the ministry (formerly maintained by County Council) due to lack of funds. Heavy and unusual rains is another factor to reckon with as well as lack of skilled manpower e.g. artisians and supervisors.

Murram is plentiful in the District but funds for gravelling the roads with it are lacking. Decision on what roads are to be gravelled with murram are made at. . ..• Provincial Headquarters and the local units carries out directives from there.

Maintenance and repair facilitie of machinery and. equipment" are not 'available in the District and this sometimes holds work at standstill. If machinery breaks down, the local staff reports the matter to their divisional headquarters at Eldoret to carry out the necessary repairs and this may take time, depending on the nature of spare parts required and répairs to be carried out. '

B.1.2.

RAILWAYS

The District is not presently covered by Kenya Railways network. However, during the last few years railway extension studies have been carried out by Kenya Railways on possibility of opening a railwayline through Kerio Valley and onwards to Sudan. /36 36

One surveyed route "is from Rongai - Kambi moto ('through a. -turnnel) to Kimwarer in thu Valley (close to Fluorspar company) that would cost some Shs. 85 million. This route could be extended to Koloa and northwards tó Sudan at a cost of more than £60 million. The connection with Sudan will require consultations between the two. countries and for this a consultative committee of technical officials will soon be formed.

The District Development Committee has strongly recommended that construction of the Railwayline to the valley be part of the intergrated development under Kerio Valley Development Authority.

The Railwayline through the valley will play an important part in development of the valley by easing the communication problem to and from the valley as well as within it. Transportation of Fluorspar deposits, cotton livestock etc. from the valley are some of the things the line can do.

B.I.3. AIRSTRIPS

There are three airstrips in the District, at Tot, Litel and Fluospar company. The first two are not operational due to lack of maintenance while the "one at Fluorspar (constructed and maintained by the company) is operational. ....-

• 1 • . ' • .'••••- The District Development Committee has strongly . recommended that the Tot airstrip be repaired and main­ tained by the government for use by Administration and Police (it is in the Ngoroko affected area). It has also been proposed that investigations' be carried out into possibility of opening a second airstrip close to the District Headquarters Iten.

B.2, POWER AND COMMUNIGATIONS

B.2.1. POSTS AND TELEPHONE SERVICES

B.2.1.1. Background and Development Thrust to Date

At present, the existing postal facilities are composed of sub-postal offices in various centres in the District. There is no full operating post office in the District and for services such as money orders, savings bank, telegrams etc. the population has to travel to Eldoret or Kitale. The existing sub post offices are located at s - Iten, Chebiemit, Chebororwa, Chepkorio, Kapcherop, Kapsowar, Kimwarer and Tambach. /37 37

B.2.1.2. Plan of Action

A full post office is proposed at Iten District Headquarters_.and. ..construction work . will begin in early 1979. The Kenya Posts and Telecommunications corporation proposes to open more sub-postal offices at Kaptarakwa, Muskut, Kamwosor and,Bugar. Decision on more areas to be accorded postal facilities will depend on recommendation made by the Administration and the availability of people to carry out the agency services.

Telephone services have reached Iten as well as Chebiemit, Chepkorio and Fluorspar company. Expansion of these services will depend on demand by the local centres.

The.District Development Committee has strongly recommended the-following areas be accorded with postal and telephone-services during the plan periods-

1. Central Division - Tambacfe.and Bugar 2. Southern Division - Kimwarer, Chepkorio, and' Kaptarkwa 3. Northern Division - Kapcherop, Kimnai, Kapsowar Tot and Chebororwa

Constraints to new activities :

The main constraints to the expansion of these ; services are !;-

(a) .Slow move on... excision of land for development of these "services, especially where centres have not ...been planned. The county, council has hired the services of a -Draughtsman and this problem will be eased.

(b) Inability to get suitable accommodation for agency services. ...-.•'

(c) Lack of residential quarters for staff at, sub- postal offices e.g. .Soy.

(d) Lack of sufficient demand for the services, particularly telephone. Except for the government offices in Iten for example, there is little demand from other sectors for this service.

•.#..o.»o...... /_^0 . TABLE 7 KENYA POSTS AMD TELEC OHMUNICATIONS .. .

•Proposed Development 1978-1983 for SLGEYO/MARAKWET DISTRICT •

New Sub-Post Offices to be established .

Opening of sub-post offices does not require capital funding, being operated by agents. Final decision to open a new sub-post office will only be taken when it . can be clearly demonstrated that there is a real need for the post office.

Year Proposed Offices Parent Office

1978

1979 KAFTARAKVA KITALE

1980

1981 .KAMWÖ3CR MOIBEN MUSXUT -•-•MOIBEN-

1982 SUGAR MOIBEN

1983

Departmental Post Offices to be established

This programme aims at improving postal facilities in rural areas through upgrading of many sub-post offices in these areas.

Year Proposed Office Controlling Offices

1978 1979 ITEN ELDORET 198* 1982

Capital Investment for New Departmental Post Offices

Post office building 'constitute the main item of postal capital investment. The buildings are financed from internal sources. The expenditure include building conversion, equip­ ment, staff housing and is apportioned between postal and télécoms because the buildings will be used for both purposes,

e o • • e o .../39 - 39

TOTAL APPORTIONED EXPENDITURE £'000

Year Proposed Building Equip­ Staff Office Conver­ sion ment Housing ­ Postal Telecoms Remarks

1978

ITEN 1979 400 120 - 520 200 PO & TE 1980 1981

1982

1983

-'-'••

sooeooooeeoooeoo»« 40

B2.2. ELECTRICITY

Two places are served with Electricity by the East African Power and Lighting Company, namelys-

1. Iten District headquarters where it is mainly used, by the_ Governméïï.t- .Of'f:icés:"ajnd residential wr.afcVfc^^^-^ä.rTers', and some Shopkeepers in the township. . . The electricity was installed in 1977«

2, .Fluorspar Company1 which is engaged in extraction of fluorspar calcium Deposits in Kerio Valley.

During the plan period electrification may be extended to other centres in the District but this will depend on demand.

TABLE 8s RURAL ELECTRIFICATION FROGRAMKE IN ELGEYO/MARAKWET DISTRICT

Area Year Amount K£ » 000

Tambach 1979/80 4 5

33 SERVICE CENTRES

B.3*1*1« Background.

The level of service centres available to the 197,00 people of Elgeyo/Marakwet District is very low. At present there is only one Urban Centre, Iten, the new District Headquajçt_er,s. This centre has very few facilities available, to the public, since it was upgraded from a rural centre very recently. Six rural centres, five market centres and eighteen local centres serve the District so that for every 6,500 people, there is service at local level or better.

3,3*1.2» Problems. To implement development plans require substantial sums of money and with the meagre resources of funds available to the County Council it has not been possible to develop service contres as anticipated. Capital projects of the Local Authorities are defrayed from long term loans obtained from Local Government Loans Authority, National Housing Corporation and other money lending Institutions. Of late the money available from some of the above Institutions has become scarce in that demand from Local Authorities has exceeded the amount available and in this respect various capital projects that were planned to have been completed during the last plan period were not carried out. ,. /41 k^

Majority of the County Councils derive their revenue from cesses on cash crops such as tea, coffee, pyrethrum and sugarcane and in additional those which have some reserves obtr„iri revenue from the same. The Council is faced with financial stringency because none of the cash crops mentioned above is grown on large scale in the District and in addition, farmers are opposed to imposition of further cesses, a view also held by Ministry of Agriculture.

Owing to lack of planning staff, most rural, market and local centres have not been planned and hence leases for plot owners have not been issued and in this respect the traders in these centres have not been able to raise commercial leans for their business due to lack of relevant security.

B.3»1«3» Development Objectives;-

(a) Planning of Centres - The Council intends to accelerate planning cf all centres in the county so that leases can be issued to enable traders to obtain loans for other financial aid. To this end a. Draughtsman has been engaged to expediate all planning work. The Council expects an increase in revenue from rates when these centres are planned and certificates of leases are issued.

(b) Construction of Markets and Sale Yards - Tfoejr»e is expected an increase inb business activities particularly by the snall-ocals producers who form the majority cf traders.

(c) Expansion cf Iton Township - Since 1976 when the District Headquarters was moved to Iten from Tarr.ba.ch, demand for land and other public facilities has been rising beyond the capability of the council. The township did not grow gradually but instead i.t received within a period of about two months a large number of people as a result of the move from Taobach.

The Council has already arranged to purchase more land for the township expansion purposes. It now proposes to provide a number of essential services such as sewage disposal schemes, conservancy services and housing.

'When this is completed, the council hopes to attract investors in Industry, Agents of big commercial firms and financial Institutions. This is a strategy for the growth of the township which requires the participation of the council, the government and private sector. A combined effort is likely to bring quicker realisation of these objectives. /hz k2

B.3.1.4. Development Thrust to dates -1 (i) Housing; The Council has built an 11 — housing scheme at Iteni this was the initial housing- programme when the council headquarters moved to Iten in early 1975 from Tambach.

(ii) Water Supply; of the 13 water schemes recommended to be taken over by the Ministry of Vater Development only two have been taken over to date.

(iii) Auctions s Two new Cattle sale Yards have been built at Sergoit and at Kitany.

(iv) Educations- The number of Day Care Centres have risen from 26 to 46.

(v) Construction of modern County Council Offices and Chambers (Headquarters ) has been completed.

(vi) The Development plan for Iten township is complete and lease certificates issued.

(vii) Ratings The introduction of rating increased the Councils revenue though not to a magini— ficial amount.

B.3»1«6 Constraints;

-;:" 1 ..8. Finance s— -This- is the main "constraint which inhibits all major plans that are essential. The Council's revenue savings are inadequate for any capital works and consquently the council depends on loans for many of its projects* This situation leads to delay in implementing capital projects.

2. Coordination between various ministries involved in implementation of plans of various centres is another problem. An example of this is where a centre is planned to contain all uti­ lities but water is not provided by the res­ ponsible ministry and this making the plan un­ workable.

3« Lack of qualified personnel to evaluate and distinguish priorities that form a consistent development plan for the centres.

4. Inadequate land for market establishment in areas where registration of land has been undertaken is a hindrance to planning markets.

5. Transport problem is another constraints. The council does not have sufficient vehicles to oover the entire District while the roads are not propoerly maintained in various places so that vehicles are frequently rendered inoperative. A3 43 B.3.1»5» I'roposed Flan of Action for the Pero Period 1979-83 Table 9 DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF THE COUNTY COUNCIL FOR ; 1979-83 •••..;"'• :r;;;;. ,.-•- --

PROJECTS 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983' TOTAL SOURCE K£ K£ K£ K£' K£ K£ OF FINANCE

1. HOUSING 85OOO 95OQO 90000 85OOO 6OOOO 615OOC N.H.C. 2, WATER 9OOO 95OO I85OC L0G0L.A» 3. SEWERAGE - 50000 5OOOO L.Go L.A. 4, ROADS - : 25OOO 25OOO 5Ö00C L s vi o 1/ o A1 5, EDUCATION- 6, VEHICLES - 12000 12000 Revenue Contribu­ tions Cap­ ital Re­ ceipts 7. MARKET & TRADING 496OO 800 8800 70400 IO5OO 226OOO L0G0L0A. & SERVICES Revenue Con­ tributions 8. SLAUGHTER2125 0 500 250 500 25O 2275O HOUSES . ; 9. STADIUM & COMMUNITY - 25000 5OOOO - 75OOO L0G0 L0A. . CENTRES 10.AUCTION SALE YARD 1200 1200 300 27OO Revenue Con­ tributions 11.CEMETER­ IES 6OO 400 200 200 1400 12. LAND 5OOO 5OOO 10000 L0G0L0A. AQUISITION 13.TOURIST ' - 200000 100000 300000 L.G.L.A.& HOTEL X.T.D.C. 14.TOWN PLA­ 500 I5OO 5OO 5OO 3OOO Revenue NNING Contri­ SERVICES butions

I7155O 201100 142250 4066OO 26545O II8695O

© • « o 00 oee 09 o • / ^^ -.;.". kk

B."3- T.'6 Constraints; """•' ï . Finance - This is the main constraint which _" inhibits all major plans that are essential. The Council's revenue savings are inadequate for any capital-works and consquently the ...: • council depends on loans for many of its projects. This situation leads to delay in implementing capital projects. 2, Coordination between various ministries involved in implementation of plans of,various centres is another problem. An example of this is : where a centre is planned to contain all utili utilities but water is not provided by the responsible ministry and this making the plan unworkable.

3. Lack of qualified personnel to evaluate and ' . _-; -.-. distinguish priorities that form a consistent development plan ; for the centres.

h. Inadequate land for market establishment in areas where registration of land has been under­ taken is a hindrance to planning markets. 5. Transport problems is another constraints. The council does not have sufficient vehicles to cover the entire District while the roads are not properly maintained in various places so that vehicles are frequently rendered inoperative.

A5 45 -

B 4 WATER

B.4.1. BACKGROUND

There are three specific irrigation schemes in the valley at Arror, Chepsigot and Tot. However, they are small with the one at Tot being the largest with a _^0^ hectre plot. On the higher reaches of the valley there is considerable tapping of the streams and rivers as the people are known to be traditional furrow irrigators. On. these irrigation schemes Sorghum, finger millet, cassava, cotton, bananas and fruits are grown.

The water for human consumption is supplied through rural and urban water supplies managed by either the County Council, the Ministry of Water Development and self-help water schemes. Minor Urban Water Sttpplies are functioning at Iten and Tarabach. Rural Water supplies are operated at Nerkwo, Chebilbai, Kapkoi, Kapsowar, Kapcherop and Sangurur. Animals - cattle, goats and sheep consume water from natural sources — i.e. rivers, wells and dams. In places where the rural water supplies exist they are fed from this source.

Bo 4.2.2. PROBLEMS?

1. Lack of funds to maintain several rural water supplies. There is the case with those formerly run and maintained by the County Council.

2. The traditional furrow irrigation practieed in the valley has hot been very efficient in use of water. The run off has been reduced by inefficient upland irrigation with less available for irrigation schemes in the valley and less for storage for cattle etc.

3.. The geographical physique of the District is such that it is expensive sometimes to pump water through the ridges, hills and escarpments. Powerful engines are needed but they are also expensive.

4. Poor communication network existing in the District hinder immediate repairs when some of the existing supplies breakdown.

5. Lack of spares or spare shops in the District.

3.4.2.3. DEVELOPMENT THRUST TO DATE AND STRATEGY

Prior to 1974, the County Council used to run most of the water supplies in the market, rural and small centres. Hoyever, with the abolition of Graduated Personal Tax, the Council had little funds and therefore requested the Ministry of Water Development to ta.ke over the running and maintenance. Inorder of priority the council requested these schemes to be taken overs— /46 46

1. Chepkorio - Already taken over and contractor going ahead with construction of the new water supply.

2. Chebiemit 3. Kilima k. Chebororwa 5. Kàmwosor 6. Sergoit Included under Rural Water Supplies Programme 7. Nyaru 8. Bugar 9. Singore ,, • 10,. r.Kaptarakwa

To date, the first two schemes have been taken over by the Ministry and are currently under rehabilitation. The remaining eight schemes and others not recommended with takeover are in some cases operating while others are not. Most of those with breakdowns are not working because the council has very little funds for maintenances. Bugar, Kapteren, Kapkoi and Sergoit are some of .those not in operation and which need improvements.

Self—help water projects have been constructed at Engong, Sapsowar, Kapcherop and Sangurur with the assista­ nce of District Development Grants. Several projects are under construction — Lekwa, Ilipsoen, Kimnai, Resim, Chesetan and Kimwarer/Cheptembo, The last one is a joint venture betveen the Fluorspar Company and wananchi of the area built in view of the pollution to the natural river water due to the activities of the company,

The minor urban water supply at Iten will need major argumentation, works to the existing supply to cope up with the new District Headquarters requirements. The Tambach supply is quite enough and is able to supply water to the whole area wdfhout drying.

B.4.4. DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

The water development objectives areî-

1. To expand the coverage of improved water supplies to . ; include more people residing in rural areas.

2. To complete National Master Water plan concerned with Data collection, and secondly plan national use of water resources over thirty years or so.

3«: To increase substantially the efforts applied tö Vater conservation in recognition of the increasing importat­ rice ,of conserving as much as possible of the nation's water, resources and relate it soil conservation programme. - • 47 k. To expand the use of water for minor irrigation throughout the District.

5. To integrate completely the planned public sector water activities and self-help activities. f 9 The pojfcenti^al_for..irrigation is^ high^ but only realisable by adoption of strict water and soil use control. Even without water storage it is estimated that as much as 2000 hectree could be effectively irrigated. With water conservation measures this could higher. Without soil and water control the presently irrigated area will diminish as severe erosion de5troys suitable land. B.4.5. PLAN OF ACTION

1. Promotion of more active involvement by local popula­ tion in development of new water schemes and also attempts will be made to spread public investments more widely. The public rural water supply will be closely integrated with self-help efforts. In this regard the following self-help water projects are proposeds-

A Central Division

1. Kapsinende - Rimoi Water Project 2. Chepkeikei " " 3. Nyalil Matany " " 4. Kapsoiyo " "

Northern Division

1. Kabetwa Water Project 2. Kamoi " " 3. Sangurur " " 4. Chebilil Sangech Water Project.

C. Southern Division

1. Simotwo Kapchorwa 2. Kalwal — Soy 3- Kamelil 4. Metkei Kapkitony 5. nmur

The above schemes are to be jointly financed by the government and local community.

2. The government should continue to rehabilitate the County Council Water Schemes not functioning properly.

3. TJjjp develop full potential use of irrigable water will necessitate heavy capital investment. The existing canals descending steep hillsides precariously will need extensive improvements and replacement. The water distribution systems must be suited to steep slopes ( many checks or use of gated pipes etc.). /48 k8

Existing gullies must be bridged. The irrigated fields layouts must be recruited to form contour terraces, with crops grown on contour ridges furrows. The order of .""-'- magnitude óf investiment likely to be high—about Sh. 2000/= per hectre assuming unskilled labour is provided on self-help basis. To make this a feasible development proposal high value and marketable crops must be aimed at so that the cost of investment must be recovered. B.4.1.6. CONSTRAINTS 1. Financial - The water projects and irrigation projects are expensive projects. The County Council and the wanancni have limited resources to contruct these projects.

2. Water and soil conservation.

3. Poor communications in the District.

A9 TABLE 10 s DEVELOPMENT ESTIMATES FOR MINISTRY OF WATER DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT ELGEYO/MARAKWET : ; SUB- Head Sub- It en Title 10cation , Area DEVELOPMENT ESTIMATES ;K£'Ó00 VOTE Head Scheme Name 1978/79 79/80 80/81 81/82 82/83 I Total:Rem. 201 WATER DEVELOPMENT 687 Rural Water Supplies : Ó20 412 Rural Water Supplies III Sergoit 14 1 200 250 465 !

•

I 413 Rural Water Supplies IV Chepsigot 10 20 100 70 200 Cheptebo iiapcherop 5 25 30 Lekwa 5 30 37.5 72.5 030 Water Supply for Settlement Schemes

'. 888 Water Supplies for • livestock Development f) 892 Mombasa & Coastal / Water Supply /

893 Water Resources & ; Follution Control 010 Water Survey General 020 " Pollution Contr. 214.0 I35.O 36.O 36.O 38.5 459.5 National Master Water RIFT 40.0 75.25 6Q. 25 9.75 , 9.75 203.O Q3Q. . Flan Stüdxes 040 " Sub-surface water ~ VALLEY survey P R 0 V I N C E 98.0 63.O 10.0 65.O 55.0 300.0 O5O Lake ; Victoria Hydro- - meterological Survey 1 - •- '"- 50 . ..r- .. DISTRICT? ELGFYO/MARAKWET .DEVELOPMENT ESTIMATES K£'00 Sub- Head . Sub- Item Title ••••*. Location .Are a. or 1 Vote He ad * i 78/79 79/80 80/81 81/82 82/83 Total Re;m. Scheme Name 201 WATER DEVELOFMENI . ...j i | 89^ Minor Uroan-and .... :... • ' Service Centre | Water Chepkprio i. .. 20 100 - 1i20 i Supply Programme It en 100 1 TO ; 210 I 1

• 1

- - .. • i 1 1 S 95 Sewerage; & Sewer­ i ! age. ..Research ! i • ! t ; ! ; ...... t ! ; 896 i Water conserva- ) ' tion; i ; 897 ;"" ^Miscellaneous [& • ; ; i ; | Water Programmes i I

• 010 1 Minor Augrnentatic ns Slgeyo Marakwe j : District '" 5 5.75 :7 7.5 8.5 33;.75 ••!•:•••••" ' ' 020 Drainage

• j • • '

r • .- - i !

River Control & " •*' Î - • Flood Projection j 1 'i i ! 050 Minor Irrigation Biretwo 10 15 5 ! 3C 1 Koitilial & Che;)ku m (Ar ror Riv *•) • i ; 1 • •• '1 . Tot(Embubut Riv k) j Nyaru ' : 1 '. 5T -

SOCIAL SERVICES-SECTION. C

C.1. HEALTH AND NUTRITION

C.I.I. BACKGROUNDs There are two hospitals in, Elgeyo- Marakwet District." Tambach District Hospital providing a total of 177 beds and Xapsowar A.I.C. Mission Hospital with 100 beds. A ward recently constructed at Tambach by a combined effort of the Dutch Government and Local residents will raise the number of hospital beds to 193« Both Hospitals are staffed with three Doctors, one doctor at Tambach District Hospital and two at Kapsowar Mission Hospital respectively. All thxee-jioçtors _are expatriates. They serve a population of about 200,000 people5 an average of about 70,000 per doctor. Both hospitals are on the plateau/escarpment zone. Other medical institutions providing health care include three government health centres at Iten. Chepkorio and Tot, and another three church health centres. The government health centres and dispensaries come under supervision of the Medical Officer of Health stationed at Tambach District Hospital. He operates about 10 mobile clinics along the valley once a month and also at Chebororwa and Kapcherop. The Roman Catholic and A.I.C. Mission, each operate 3 dispen­ saries in Kerio North. The Fluorspar Mining Company run a private sub-clinic at Kimwarer.

The common diseases in the District ares— Kala—aza, Tracoma, Tropical ulcer, Tuberclosis, Malaria, Amöbiasis, Pneumonia, Diarrhea etc.

C.1.2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Medical services cannot be efficiently run because of the following problems s-

1. Remoteness of the District which renders communications very difficult. Foor roads prevent medical services being taken to the people instead a sic person has sometimes to be taken on a streatcher many miles before he reaehee the nearest hospital or dispensary.

2. General ignorance of the people coated by cultural factors - taboos etc. prevent them from'seeking medical treatment when they are sick.

3. Traditional belief in healers, herbaxnst and local surgeons. It is estimated that about 50°/o of the local population still believe in traditional treatment.

Ä2 - 52

Lack of motivation by medical staff who consider it a punishment when they are posted to areas especially in the Valley. Most of the health centres and dispensaries are still manned by unqualified staff and inadequately staffed. Lack of staff houses iB another problem facing staff in these Institutions.

C. 1 . 3 . DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY

The Government main objective for development of medical services is to control, prevent and eliminate communicable diseases, deficiency conditions, envirome— ntal health hazards and those hazards associated with child birth and child rearing. . These objectives could be achieved only if promotions and preventive services are more emphasized than curative services.

To improve planning and provision of services, the District was recently divided into four rural health units according to the population, geographical set up and the access to medical facilities due to road communication.

The following strategy is recommended to achieve the above objectives s -

1. The following dispensaries should be upgraded to health centre status on completion of their building structures.

Karawo sor is! Chebiemit Chebororwa (si lJergoi t and Kapkoi (e) Xapcherop

The following Institutions should be completed and adequately staffeds-

(a) Biretwo Dispensary (h) Kobulwa " (c) Kochorwa "

Kocholwa dispensary and Mission dispensaries should be taken over by the Government to relieve people from paying outpatient fees for treatment. This system should be abolished since the incomes of the people are very low. The following dispensaries are affected;-

Mogil dispensary (C.t/ —^(b(:) Kaptara^wa dispensary c) Kapcherop d) Kabetwa •• •—K. (/ e Li t er " — <• If* f) Chesoi H g) Kaptabut " h) Chebulbei " ,/53 53

The Government should consider funding missionary health facilities so that thoy are provided free to wananchi.

CI.4. SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT THRUST TO DATE

The various hospitals,health centres and dispensaries available to the people of the District are mentioned under (l) on background. In addition to these the Government has embarked on construction of a new District Hospital at Iten at a cost of £495*000 spread over a five year period. The completen of the hospital will raise the national long term target of hospital beds per population to a ratio of O s 8 s 1,000 national figure.

Secondly the opening of rural health units and their supportingj sub-health centres and dispensaries have gone a long way* in provision of medical services. The opera­ tional and planned inst;.iuÄ:.-.ons are in the centre of the majority of the population. Mainly out-patient and maternity services aie rendered in all operation health centres. The Family Field Sducat--v?e give family planning lecturers in various institutions during their mobile health clinics from where there are already established delivery points. There are three established delivery points at Iten, Tarabach( Tot and Chepkorio health centres.

C. 1 . 5 . FLAN OF ACTION

1 e Provision of a paramedical training institution in the District to train local people as village health workers for two to three months. They should be provided with knowledge on the cases, treatment and prevention of the common diseases in the area.

The health ministry recently sent a study team to find out the possibility of having Kapsowar Hospital as a training Institution, the recommendation must be upheld and followed-up.

Institutional staff houses in Tambach Hospital Health Centres and dispensaries should be built and maintained regularly where .possible.

The harambee and voluntary health institutions should be built on certain plans so that the government can take them over x^ith ease.

The government development budget for the plan period is set in the table below. It includes constru­ ction of the new District Hospital at Iten, improvement of Tambach Hospitals Rural health services and enviro- ment health.

C.I.6. CONSTRAINTS TO NEW ACTIVITIES 1 . Lack, of trained manpower to man the present and planned institutions 2. Unsatisfactory level of service into the interior due to insufficient delivery points. 3. Inadequate resource and organisation. 4. Financial constraints , ,,,,„,,....,,.../54 5* TABLE 11 ; PRELIMINARY ESTIMATED DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE FOR MINISTRY OF HEALTH - FOR ELGEYO MARAKWET DISTRICT X£ Sub Head Sub Details LOCATIONAL ESTIMATES Vote Head AREA Total 78/79 79/80 80/81 81/82 82/83 Remarks III HOSilTAL 317 721 Iten District -r 4- • Hospital(new) Iten 495,000 50,000 125,000 100,000 120,000 100,000 722 Tambach Tambach 40,000 10,000 30,000

113 ' RURAL HEALTH SERVICES 335 Improvement of H, Centres Tot 90,500 - - — 90,500 —

• Improvement of l/l ft Disp. (1) w*wfc»tf 23,500 •- - 23,500 - Construction of 1 ft if. new Disp. (1) ? 38,500 - — — — 38,500 i Upgrading of • i Disp. to H. i Centres Chebiemit 110,500 - - - 110,500 - 1 12 ENVIRONMENTAL H„ HEALTH Water Supplies Kapcherop 2,500 2,500 Kamoi 2,500 - 2,500 - — - v- [ Teden 2,500 - • - 2,5QO - - Biretwo 2,500 - - - 2,500 -

Kamwosor 2,500 • - - - 2,500 - Koitilial 2,500 - - - - 2,500 ChepJkorio 2,500 - - - - 2,500 Water. Quality- Improve (3) 3,600 - - - - - Waste disp.Un. (2") 3,600 - - - - - Latrines (100) 2,000 - - - - - Vehicles (2) 12,856 ------55 -

EDUCATION

BACKGROUND

The district has 1A8 primary schools vr th very few in the Kerio Valley due to p$or enrollment. The distribution by division is as follows:-

1. Southern Division - 27% z*0 Primary Schools 2. Central Division -• 26% 39 Primary Schools 3„ Northern Division - k7%_Gß Primary Schools 1^8

In 1977 -, the Primary School enrollment was abqtit 30,000 as at the end of the year

There are a total of eleven Secondary schools in t?-e district, with an enrollment of more than 1844 students. Five schools are Government aided while the rest are Harambee Secondary Schools»

PROBLEMS

1. In almost all the schools in the plateau, these is a very actute shortage of classrooms, teachers houses and other necessary buildings. Also lack of land suitable for school construction lacks in some cases.

2. Staffing problem-The primary Schools establishment is 12^0 teachers but to date only 1120 are in service. Further to this, about 50% of the teaching force in Primary Schools is unqualifie, which is about 500 teachers. The number increases at an annual rate of 2% per annum and at this rate, it will take a long time to have 100% trained teaching staff. In the government secondary schools, the staffing situation is satisfactory but the harambee schools are faced with the problen of unqualified teachers and shortage of staff as well as lack of facilities like Science Laboratories and Libraries.

3. The level of utilization is low especially in the Kerio Valley and Lelan areas where the classrooms are half empty. A few of the harambee schools have the same problem of underutilization and poor enrollment. k, Poor access to some schools, thereby making it difficult for children to get to the schools and the ministry of Education inspectorate team to inspect the school.

DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEBY

(l) Launching a campaign to have more children going to schools through barazas etc.

II) Encourags parents to put up better school buildings on harambee basis.

III) Opening up more access roads leading to schools. OE"> •;•••.--•<»,,- _.

- 56 -

(iv) To enhence efforts to recruit and tr,axn more '.••.local teaëhers. In the past most of the teachers recruited came from other Districts and after experiencing the difficulty conditions in the District leave for their home districts. It has been difficult in the past to recruit local teachers due to the standards set tut as more students come out of the secondary schools, this gap will be filled.

C.2 4. PLAN OF ACTION. To encourage expansion of existing schools rather than open new ones. In order for the District to be ready for the implementation of the planned nine year primary Education, more improved and better facilities will be necessary. In the valley where the Ngoroko activities are encountered it has been recommended that boarding primary schools be constructed. The development budget of the Ministry if presented below.

TABLE 12; MINISTRY OF EDUCATION - DEVELOPMENT BUDGET £»000 Year Pro.iect 1978/79 79/B0 30/« 1 31/82 82/83 TOTAL ' *$£ '£•• " V;' • • V*-. Primary School "2 6.hk 3.25 k 9.69 Storage facility

Secondary School 1-/52 12.45 18.81 14.00 16.99 63.77 Education District Equipment 6.23 2;.33 10.12 - 18.68 Stores

C.2.5. CONSTRAINTS TO NEW ACTIVITIES (1) Shortage of qualified teaching staff.. (2) Lack of funds to implement the objectives. (3) Low local interest in education in some areas, some parents have not yet understood the importance of education for their children.

/57 57

HOUSING AND SOCIAL SERVICES

C.3.1. BACKGROUND. The services under this sector are looked after by Deparment of Social Services in the District and the County Council. The activities covered include s-

(a) Community Development - Women groups, self- help projects Family life training courses etc.

(b) Social Welfare - Relief of Distress, Vocation Rehabilitation, Nursery Centres etc., (c) Adult Education.

(d) Sports and culture.

(e) Youth development Village Polytechnics, Youth Clubs etc., (f) Provision of Housing. C.3.2 . PROBLEMS

The problems faced by the housing and social services sector ares-

(1) Shortage of Personnel Staff. There are not enough Officers in the District to look after all the activities mentioned above. For example, there is no Rehabilitation Officer, Sports Officer and Women Organisation Officer. The field staff are also inadequate. There are eleven community development assistants catering for eleven locations butsome locations are large and need at least two locational Community Development Assistants. At divisional level there is not a Nursery School supervisors are also lacking.

(2) Nature of the District geographically is ouch that it is not easy to visit all the parts due to poor communication network.

« (3) Local Politics that exist between the local [inhabitants of the District, that is the Keiyos and M HMarakwets. The people of Marakwet look upon the Keiyos with suspicion in some matters. (4) The means of contact between the Government Officers and local population is limited by the inadequate transport facilities of the department concerned.

The foregoing problems affect the people of the District in several ways % - 57

HOUSING AND SOCIAL SERVICES

C.3.1. BACKGROUND.

The Services under this sector are looked after by Deparment\of Social Services in the District and the County Counci\. The activities covered includes- \ (a) Community Development - Women groups, self- help^ projects Family life training courses etc. (b) Socialyîfelfare ~ Relief'of Distress, Vocation Rehabilitation, Nursery Centres etc.,

' ' ' \ '• • / " • (c) Adult Education. (d) Sports and Vulture. \ i (e) Youth development/village Polytechnics, Youth Clubs etc., (f ) Frovision of Hoyising.

C.3.2.

The problems faced' by the housing and social services sector ares-

(1) Short age oy Personnel!Staff. There are not enough Officers in the /District to \look after all the activities mentioned above. For example, there is no Rehabilitation Officer, Sports Officer and Women Organisation Officer/ The field staff, are also inadequate. There are eleven community development assistants catering for eleven locations bfttsome locations Vre large and need at least two locati/onal Community Development Assistants. At divisional levea there is not a Nursery School supervisors are aiso lacking.

(2) Nature of the District geographically is such that it is/not easy to visit all the parts due to poor communication network. \

(3) /Local Politics that exist between \he local inhabitants of the District, that is the Xeiyos ^xid M Marakwets. /The people of Mara\kwet look upon the ifeiyos with suspicion in some matters-. /' ••..•• 1 k • • • • t. \ The means of contact between the Government Officers/and local population is limited by the inadequate transpor/t facilities of the department concerned.

The foregoing problems affect the people of the District in several ways :- «;$

• « * ^"*" »•••••••• ••••/ j 1 • 58

(1) The District is not covered fully and easily. (2) Efficiency of'Government" Officers is reduced and hence services to the people,

(3) Instead of Government Officers going to serve the people in the countryside, the people are' forced to come to the Headquarters which in some cases is. a long way from their homes

. ••. (k) Due to lack of visits officers never understand •.•''„ fully the problems of the people. C.3.3. DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGY.

The main objectives is to raise the standard of living both economically and socially with more emphasis to social development of the people. The department of Social Services with other concerned aims at strengthening and promoting the followings -

(1) The Harambee movement i.e. self—help element in developmental projects.

(2) Social well being of the people. (3) Directly and indirectly providing more, economic power to the people. (4) The department also aims at promoting literacy of the people.

The strategy to accomplish the targets and goals takes several forms s- (a) Educations- There is alqt of education involved, This takes place in the form of seminars, meetings, i.e. Barazas and Committee Meetings. ' In other words,, the masses are made aware of their needs and they are directed how to satisfy these needs. (b) Groups?- People are encouraged to form as many groups as possible. Through group meetings people discuss and resolve on their kind of action to be taken for certain problems. These groups take the form of Women Groups, Adult Education Groups, Self- help groups of various kinds, Youth.groups etc.,

(c) Visit from the Offices The Government Officers are very instrumental in that they pass informa­ tion to the people, they assess their problems and needs and then advisse. Moreover through research and findings carried out, it is possible to asses the situation and modify the strategy. This is more to where destitutes and aid to self-help projects is concerned.

: ' "^ - "'.....":.':".':".".' ./59 - 59 -

O.3.4. SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENT THRUST TO DATE "i'j 'ADULT LITERACY; Up to date there are 28 Adult Literacy Classes (Ailed) with a total "of ^51 students and 9 Unaided classes with a total of over 168 students. Of course the graduates from these classes are many and we hope they gain from such education. 2. SELF-HELP PROJECTS; -There are 338 ongoing projects. They include Primary Schools, Nursery Schools,, Cattle Dips, Water Projects, Churches. Over the years 236 proj projects have been completed as followss-

1973 - 70 Projects were completed. 1974 „. 58 ••••« " . " 1976 - k9 " "'•• " 1977 - 59 " •-•"• " Self-help contributions have now exceeded k.J million Kenya Shillings.

3- NURSERY SCHOOL CENTRES s There are 65 Nursery Centres with a total of 2,143 children. :

4. CLIENTS ( DESTITUTE ) AIDED; The Department has also had some progress in assisting those who are destitutes. It has aided 172 of these. It also has undertaken, the work of Rehabilitatlug the disabled and. so far 19 disabled have been trained at Kericho. ••.rr.--'-. 5. CLUB AND SPORTS;

Alot has been achieved on Games and Sports. Within the District 6 football clubs have been started and are functioning while 4 Netball clubs aire also functioning. Some National sportmen ana women have been discovered from the departments efforts to tap local resources where athletes are concerned.

6. » WOMEN GROUPS; The department has been able to.„;, initiate the organization of 35 women groups all ,oyer the District.

C.3.5. PLAN OF ACTION.

1 MINISTRY INTENTIONS ;:-

The Ministry of Housing and Social Services would .. much like, to see the following over the next five years:-

1. .ADULT EDUCATION; On Adult Education, we would like to establish more classes, double the. ones we have.•This, means we would like to establish at least 28 more classes. Of course, this means that for every location we would like to have at least 3 classes. '/. *.."...v...;.T../6o - 60

Emphasis of course well be at KERIO VALLEY where we shall need an additional 10 classes. Our efforts will be more so in those areas where no classes have been started so far. 2. SELF-HELP PROJECTS;

For the next five years, the Department would like to see more diversified self-help projects. The Depart­ ment will also be encouraging the people to first of all complete those projects already started.

All this taken into account efforts at being made to increase the self-help effort by at least a quarter in terms of on-going projects. This means we would like to have more self-help projects - at least 84 more projects to make a total of 422 on-going projects. Again emphasis will be put on KERIO VALLEY.

3. NURSERY SCHOOL CENTRES;

The Department will strive to increase the number to one in every Sub—location,(Nursery School)in the next five years. This will be more than triple the present number of Nursery School and also the enrolment in these. 4.. WOMEN GROUPS;

At present there are 35 women groups. Most of these are concentrated on the higher places i.e. Central and Southern Divisions. Efforts will be made to establishf, women at least another 20 women groups 10 in KERIO VALLEY and another 10 in the rest of the District.

5. GAMES AND SPORTS ;

Where Clubs are concerned efforts will be made to establish Volley-Bail clubs all over the District. Each Division will be encouraged to have as many clubs as possible. Trophies and Cups will be obtained to encourage healthy competitions. This will also happen to the Sports, whereby we would like within the next five years to have as many National Athletes as possible.

6. VILLAGE POLYTECHNICS;

So far, there is only one Village^ Polytechnic In the next five years efforts are being made to see"that at least each Division has a Village Polytechnic. Therefore, we shall need an additional 2 Village Polytechnics.

In general therefore, the next five years will see a doubling and in some cases tripling of our efforts. - 61

C.3.6. CONSTRAINTS TO NEW ACTIVITIES.

(a) STAFF % As mentioned earlier, the staff at certain levels is inadequate. Therefore;, this is going to be a major constraint unless additional staff are provided. (b) TRANSPORTa

This is a major constraint in that it is not easy to reach the people. The department has very few vehicle and needs additional 3 to 4 vehicles to be able to fulfil its mission. (c) Budgetary constraint by the Ministry and County Council.

In conclusion, the aim is to .double the efforts and provide more services to the Wananchi. The resources available wwill be fully mobilized to see that the Ministerial intentions are fulfilled.

/62 . . . . . --••'•• 9 CHAPTER THREES ^El.^:~::ï^.J-/:,^':i!i^l£. J^~ï •' •• ù 3.1 PROPOSED STPÏ-' -o^ ^•'••u T :i.V ?r .opi^z-

The ; med i u,v and !• m;,'.-- -.• ';.~: m d'iveioprne'nt objectives for the District a: - te b*.- "•_>••. -:Lty r.lieviation through the creation of' income -- v-\r}\Yrîg' ôpperfcûV>ities and the provision of ba.-.:.ic -j.ociv.l- S5vvr.:c-3C particularly education and health for all t'r.-o f opul ;i'iaii„

•'The ba.oie str^vc^y v,i'ot >: o ?r;.\dor a : proper ' balance in the ut i 2.1 .-.;£. •••'.c--_ -\ t" - ..;.-- ^ic-..'- .•/«•.-••:-T;-.,-:C5 between economie and sucixL 'ypo cf racr'ri vj.ties (projects) t and a realistic buiîg^'iri.-, o;', iarj • t;:jo:rfc and rr current expendi­ ture to ass'u're tb..*ve .;-•...! >.)r . j i.r^s c.m pvoperly implemented.

The prjpcctd b.':-"'iv3J7 is ;''rir ;...:-o^rro generating activities tnjd us to ,"1"-;. p?::.c. . veto , Introduction of cash crops s"tL i.-;. ..-'t\:ç-n. ttni i. J: it-:.,, f;.nd gradual replacement of the l.vc-i i .!„.:..:vj 3;oc\.; of Zebu animals and local go?:to an , ;.-•'.". v^r* :-*i. : b ."'f. y cattle will boost the farmor-ü j.r--c-:sir.>}. ~ ''•-?.*;•<• L-i-.i. ..'•'': :L.:>. s mu.st be provision of technical! ?.md ox~' ;•;•:...>:•'. . . / / .- •.-.•_ 03' the Ministry of Agriculture to p.--:.":• •.'.,.^ t~v //o?:-:'?-:--i;.y k.ic.v»hs* arid, encourage­ ment to the farr!'}'-'?;•,, E..:^-..1 .iv,v.-. c.'. rf rxiieral wealth in ~ the valley will "; •/: ,J.IO >..}; V.-T- •;.';.-,-;• -, f ••,-_?*:-,.;•: tin g o.inploy"?nt and generating iiiccï- ;,

Poor, coir^aax'.::-:.,-.. ':.-. :;:-.-.= v •-; >;v:: u ',:j.thir:. v;bo valley has been sighted a-.i tb.*-: ri-.'jor p.r.-blc's:. 1c increasing agricul­ tural pre duct ion :v 1 ;.-.• "v-i 11 - ~ :;•-.=> i, o btgb. t:r.nt;port costs, ïipprevec ;: i. :.'..• : -.-' .. i-,. :-.:. ^r,:: fco the level of all woethor riaió '/ov*."'.•"-. •-;• •;.ur^'i lUlcviata the situation but ?•?. dr-ft' r..: J: :. ;.:.':'•. r!:i •. ~L t-:. ili cr-wbiem would require constrnoti^i;. -:-•? ;••. "..--MÛ c>^,s.irîc?H on '3-go a Railway lino throu-.l". ,.h-v :---;vr'î::.--n par-;, ci* tbft Kerio Valley te Kaptagat c. K }.-'''•:&'.."J-- .-.• tat „• ov.' ,, This line can be useful, to bo--;' tb.v c':?.viv"go f.nd 31gcyo/Marakwet side of the Vall::y<-. ;.'..;?; c.n.'_->- r;l: r-ula tb.;-; roads be improved btt C-JITO d~~- .-tic.-: sbc^'o •"--- ;•.•'.'.••••»:.?. to the construction 02' bvio^:3 re •*••.-.nxio-:-V Cb'.üpkura ~ Kinyachi, Riretwo ~- Kap tuk ;;i;o "U;?wc--.:;r - Mogor'-ro .-»to incrder to facilitate trad;: b-o'jvfer. tl:-;- tv;> «:.d os of ibe valley.

On the vat?.r :::: '.v.:at...t.r. .lie problem can be solved by adopting thra fcllov/:ln.g srr/à'-ïgio;^-

(a) Con^^ructi -.-, . •:;:':" •>; r.-1!. 1 ?-• and. bc~>olcs, This^^ould involv-'-. s-:. liyö.:.-o±o{??. cal Garve;r to find if the water *

(b) Piping 'tî-.r.prri.nr sîri-'T-v to ïatsr points in r drj areas b'-ii.-i;:/ I;: t 5 otic. 3';carprnent,

o 7 o r. o <» o « c * o o / ö 3 - 63 -

:.. (c)' Looking- ahead to the possibility of* irrigation . using furrow or canals along or below the 5»000 ft. contour on the escarpment joining river .. Kimwarer to the river Torok and tapping into ^ many tapering streams off the escarpment.

'" On the plateau and the highland zone where the land is high potential but incomes are low and employment : low,, .the. strategy should be crop diversification (reduction* , of food crops and traditional large herds of cows, goats and the existing ones. Both internal and external'demand f ; for cash crops such as tea, pyrethrum, sunflower, coffee, ; Iwheat etc. and for dairy products is high and in this sense the proposed strategy of promoting and increasing cash crop production appears consistent with central government's policy of increasing foreign currency earnings •••••• I1 • " In regard to health and education programmes, first priority should be given to the improvement of the "••'' existing facilities which implies a lower additional cost per person served than would be the case of constrution of new facilities. While this is true for the plateauzohè, the District Development Committee feels that additional facilities should be constructed in the valley where the level of these services is very low. Of particular importance a few boarding primary; schools could be constructed in the valley to ensure continous education for the children in the area because ' of the high dropout rate. A similar priority: should be given to the construction and staffing of new health facilities in the valley where at the moment* it is estimated that 50$ of the population attend to traditional medicines and witchcraft.

To make the local people aware of government policies the District Development Committee through Pro Provincial Administration, Social Services Department and other; bodies will strive to educate wananchi through barazas and'extension services and encourage them to adopt moderate farming methods which will boost their cash earnings. This will involve teaching of more personnel to be posted to various parts of.the District.

3.2. RESOURCE POTENTIAL

It is estimated that of the total land area of the District 162,000 hectares is agricultural land i.e. (60% of the District area) and of this 80,500 hectares is in the high potential zone suitable for agriculture and intensive livestock (Dairy cattle and wool sheep). A further 130,850 hectares is in the medium potential zone which is suitable for a variety of cash and food crops as well as for livestock. /6k o.-

Most of the remaining T\t6$0 hectares could be brought n under cultivatiönfif^irrigartion water and adoption of . modern agricultural-Knowledge could be adopted by the people especially in the valley. The present population density of the District is 70 persons per square Kilometre, However, condidering the medium and high potential land, and the rural population only the land/man ratio is ^hac/person and will be 0,9 hac. person by the end of I.983 assuming the population growth will continue at the rate of 2.6l°/o per annum.

The possibility of minor irrigation in the valley is very good indeed. Not only because of favourable natural conditions but in particular the; people are not strangers to irrigation. They were irrigating arid had laid down irrigation rules long before any national irrigation scheme was thought of. First attention should be given to the extention and improvement of existing schemes at Endo, Embobut and Arror. Much can be improved, particüly as to tbTé distribution óf water, methods of irrigating thé land and the excessive, subdivision of the arable land area. New schemes can be started in the Southern part, at Emea and Kaptoret where attempt have been made by some people.

Other natural resources which can be exploited in the valley for development apart from the rivers would be the development of game and minerals, like Flourspar. Past re-s-earch has shown that there exists natural mineral like lead, copper etc. which have not so far been exploited. Wildlife exists in the valley which could be protected and part of the area turned into a tourist resort »

There are also large amounts wild bees in the valley. An effort to keep the existing bees would provide some income for the residents of the valley, as well as introduction of new methods of beekeeping.

On the plateau the climate is suitable for a variety of cash crop production e.g. tea, sunflower, pyrethrum, coffee, wheat, etc. and other food crops. The area currently under these crops is very small compared to the suitable lancL0 In the valley, the climate is suitable for cotton production and it is estimated that 5000 hectares can be brought under cotton production«. Daiiy cattle and woolsheep do well on the plateau and farmers could more than triple the existing herds without much pressure on the land but reduce on the traditional herds.

;S<

0 e e • # • * ••••••/ Ô5 - 65

3.3. . DEVELOPMENT THRUST TO DATE Public development effort have been directed mainly in favour of providing social and economic infrastructure i.e. schools health centres, roads to the high potential areas on ..the plateau. However, these efforts have only been partial in the sense that" this land continues to be underutilized and unemployment is high because of lack of complementary efforts such as availability of farm inputs, marketing facilities, technical assistance services and in general maintenance of infranstruncture * such as road are poor.

Efforts have been made to provide basic health services throughout the District. At present there are two main hospitals, one at Tambach Government District hospital and a Missionary hospital at Kapsoyar. There " are three qualified doctors in the two hospitals serving a population of about 200,000 people, an average of 70,000 persons per doctor. The hospitals mainly serve the population on the plateau with 177 beds. At present majority of the people on the plateau have an easy access to the health units while those in the valley have in ^ some cases to travel long distances for the facility. In either case, the staffing and material facilities of most bf these units is inadequate because of shortage of operating funds. Furthermore, the lack of attention to envirómentai sanitary•• improvements (e.g. drinking water), personal hygiene and continued poor ntitrition conditions of a large part of the.population is. generating an ever increasing demand on the existing health units.

The third priority is providing academic education to the entire school age children in the District as well as the adult population through adult literacy classes. At present about 55°/° of the total school age children go to primary sehool. However, the type of the education given tó boys and girls in primary as well as in secondary sehoöls is geared towards white collar jobs which are scarce in the District and. nationally. There are no technical sehools in the District for teaching practical skills. There is however one village Polytechnic but is poorly equiped and hence does not appeal to many school levels. Adult education has not been .very effective in the District because the target population has not been well informed about the programme and are also preoccupied with' other activities. '

The exploitation-of calcium fluoride deposits by the- Fluorspar Company in the valley has brought about a durable road, electricity, a health dispensary and provided some employment for some of the local people. However, technical and proffessional jobs are held by non-locals due to low level of education in the area.

/66 - 66

The Intergrated Agricultural Development Programme has recently been introduced in the District with the following objectives*

1. To increase the production of selected food- crops by small scale farmers together with opportunity for upgrading cattle and improving health status of livestock.

2. To overcome services production constraints tó farming experienced by small farmers especially input supply and land working seasonal credit and marketing. 3. To help improve extention services. To encourage improvement in communications (roads) and water supplies in rural areas. 3.4. SUMMARY OF PROBLEMS

The main problem facing the District can be -••""* * W ...-."SM- summarised in terms of low levels of income among the people of the District. It can roughly be said that about 70$> of the total households earn less than Shs. 2,000 per year, and these can be considered poor. This is accompanied by a high rate of un-and under—employment rate. Illiteracy rate is high and school attendance is low. It is estimated that about 60P/o of the school age children attend school. Incidence of sickness is '.'. high especially in the valley where medical facilities are scanty. The source of such problems can be attributed to several factors?

1. Poor Communications to and from the District as well as within the District itself. Getting farm produce from the District is a costly operation. The- nearèst outlet is'Eldoret which is an average of 75 - miles from the valley bottom, including a two hour truck through the Elgeyo escarpment. There is therefore ~„t little inducement to produce over the subsistence level if most of the profit goes into transport costs.

2. Health situation is another problem. Most of the valley floor is infested with flies which is noted for célébrai mjilaria and other disease vectors. Until the health situation in the lower areas has been cleared, one cannot expect the people to be enthusiastic to emigrate from the higher areas with better rainfall and climate.

/é7 6?

3» Ttfater is another factor» Kerio Valley is a semi- arid region with rainfall relatively low - 700 mm to 800 mm falling between April and May while other months are relatively dry» Hence development of the valley will require an overall investigation of its water resources and possible utilisation; including possibility of irrigation from Korio Rivex- itself.

n **•• Traditiongl ,g~iA.,.Ç 2^ï:;xc2-l values still hold high among the people in the District and these contribute to lack of acceptance of modem methods of agriculture, medicine and education which in turn leads to slow rate of development.

5. Another problem: is 'i;licit of' rJ£9JLirity_ in the Kerio Valley where Ngoroko ig^nancc has disrupted the activities of the people. Ngc "okos arc aimed livestock thieves who have been harassing tbs residents of the Kerio Valley by stealing their ".nirualt.. -rid ;':hio has had the effect of sending the people fro::; -.jhoir settlements in the valley to live on the slopes of the* eccarpmenb for security. The people have therefore to walk long distances from the homes to the shambac ii; the valley.

3.5. MAJOR PROJECTS FOR THE FLAN PERIOD

Table 3o"! suiam^rioes the different sectoral projects proposed by Central government ministries. The programmes and projects proposals appear consistent with the development objectives and strageties of the District of particular importance is the I.A.D. Programme which aims at increasing the production of selected crops by small scale farmers together with opportunity for upgrading cattle and improving health status of livestock. The serious product;.u,ri constraints to farming experienced by these farmers will alao be overcome especially input supplys land working arid seasonal credit and marketing. The programme will assist farmers in improving extension services through regular farmer and extension officer training courses as well as encouraging improvement in road communication and water supplies in the rural areas. All these objectives are consistent with poverty allevia­ tion and will increase cauh earnings of the small scale farmers who for«! J" h e bulk of the population in the District. The programme will be cf special importance in the Xerio Valley who re- the ti'aditional subsistence agri­ culture is practised ;;.;r.id .Large herds of local zebu cows, goats and sheep are kept for prestigious purposes.

A second important observation relevant to the needs of the people in the rural accean roads programme which is intended to link merke fis farms and health centres in the rural area;.: o

The third «:.•;.:,. -i.-.^a of expenditure is on health facilities. Tho cocstractiori of a new District Hospital at Iten with adequate modcTn facilities and improvement of rural health centres will go along way in reducing mortality rates in the District, /(. 68 Whereas most of the programmes/Projects are consis­ tent with the District proposals, there are some remarks to. be made in- regard to ministerial proposals. The funding of Tea Factory in the District is unwarranted because the acreage arid tea cultivation is «very low. Rather* these funds should be used to granting credit facilities for expansion of tea growing in the area..

N T\ The recently formed Xorio Valley Development I Authority is ?'. vellcorce move which x^ill open up the I valley avid hor.tjfuily initiate programmes and projects aimed at alleviating poverty through creation of income generating opportunities to the people of the area. \1 3.6. THE ROLE OF RURAL DEy^LOP^NT___FWID There are.several gaps and projects not Identified by.the ministries which the District considers important for development. These projects are identified locally and will provide employment and income to the needy people of the District. These are summarised in Table 3.2. A vegetable factory is a viable project in the Southern division where people are producing big quanti— v ties of vegetables and d-ae to lack of adequate market and storage facilities moat of it is used to feed cattle or is spoilt in the gardons s This could be an alternative source of income and employment generation. Feasibility studies for the factory should be conducted by 1980, for which the District would require the technical advisory assistance from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Ban ing the possibility of obtaining funds from central government5 financing for construction of . the eètate would be ticvyht from Kenya Industrial Estates or I.G«D.Co

Silos and storage facilities are essential to complement the crop diversification programme intiated through I0A0D,Fand ether programmes.

Construction of more cattle dips will be necessary to cater for the proposed increase in dairy cattle.. While /1 the veterinary department plans to take over the running / A and maintenance of dips,, funds for constructing new ones './ will come from local sources supplemented by the Rural I Development Funds«

The proposed water projects to be undertaken by the -Ministry of .'Water will only serve part of the District .population in need of water. Other parts need and dfiserye water for both human and animal consumption. Several projects have been identified and started through self-help group efforts and the government will come to their assistance bthrough the RDF Programmes.

Soil conservation, rural afforestation and minor irrigation measures are necessary in several parts of the District and will be undertaken to complement those i.under. the Ministry of Agriculture P '~ : -.. .•"•-' - 6.9

These will serve to protect the soil as well as creating -.--. employment to the needy local people.

,.-;•' TO'-: •• Introduction of cash crops like coffee, fruit will -,..,,. initially require assistance from RDF programmé^ "for ; . •-.-. construction, of nursuries for these crops for distribution -.to- -the wananchi.

In conclusion the RDF programme will play a vital role in supplementing- sectoral ministerial projects and encourage the people to participate more vigorously in self-help harambee projects. The recent decentralisation of the funds to the District level will further improve the efficiency and implementation of these projects. In the past cattle Dips, water projects and minor irrigation projects have benefited from Rural Development Funds. In future, rural afforestation, soil conservation and construction of raws projects will be included.

3.7. MAJOR CONSTRAINTS FOR FLAN IMPLEMENTATION ' • •

There are several institutional bottlenecks which will have to be overcome prior and or during the execution of the plan.

One of them will be to overcome the conservation and general apathy of the people so that they can become more involved in development programmes and projects.

Shortage of qualified agricultural extensive staff is another shortcomings. The government will be required to train more people who can be posted to various parts of the District to advice farmers.

Budgetary constraints by various government departments is major constraint to implementation of ..various programmes and projects proposed for the District. The ability of government departments to implement the development programmes in the District depend on the availability of funds. In the past delays have occured in implementing projects due to inauequate operating funds.

Delays in acquisition of land for development projects such as the District hospital at Iten will have to be overcome. The Central and local Government will have to act quickly to avert delays in implementing such projects.

3.8. EXPECTED IMPACT OF THE FLAU . .- -

M • '• • ^ The proposed projects will have, moderate effect oh employment and income generation over the first few years but will lay a strong foundation for improvement of both in future. The opening up of Xerio Valley, by the recently formed Kerio Valley development Authority and various ministerial programmes will open up the area for more than 5,000 families living there, whereas the cash earnings and employment will increase. . •-?-•.•

/70 70 It is, however, difficult to estimate by how much. By the end of the plan period, however the acreage under cotton cultivation will rise from the present 1000 ha to 5000 ha. The rural access roads programmes vî 11 open hew lands and improve marketing facilities in the entire District. These roads together with other forms of infrastructure are designed to benefit the small farmer population in the District.

Whereas the present school attendance is around 6

The improvement and construction of new health units in the District will generally improve the well being of the people. Infant mortality rates is likely decline and the population growth rate will rise. 3.9« IMPROVING FUTURE PLANNING

The present planning exercise has provided several lessons which must be heeded iijforder to strengthen plan—.x ning in the future. Whereas District planning is a positive step in the direction of decentralized decision making and grass-roots of participation, it is felt that more needs to be done to strr-..->gthen tl.is aspect. A large part of the District p :_ira lac i en* Vc- not involved in determining their needs and prlox-iL clzj. Formation of local committees right through from village level to the District is urgently required and training cf their officials, on basic planning techniques arid government policies should be pursued actively through administration and community development offices.

The sectoral working groups formed for the planning exercise were not very effective as a planning tool because most of the members did not take their participation seriously. Strong consideration should be given to ;.-_:: training of tbo sectoral planning groups on District Planning prior to the commencement of the exercise. These sectoral groups could then be permanent subcommittees to formulate the plan and continue to monitoring and evalua­ tion of the implementation phase while it is desirable that more non—official members be invited to join the D.D.C. .for planning purposes. ....',.='..'.' /7t The inability of the D.D.G\ to reimburse non-official members their travelling and subsistence expenses will be a bottleneck* Most ox" "the non-government officers in the planning sectoral, groupa hardly attended any meetings because of the above K&SOIU These people will also require training» ' • '•; Another cc-rioua'- weakness lias been the limited availability of baj-ip^.d/.vta needed to have ab etter knowledge of the stage of development of the District and to monitor improvements on a more permanent basis. It is felt that the agricultural office should make greater of f ort in collecting more grd.ee data on animal and crop production and marketing of both-by various administrave areas of the District«, The office of the District Development Officer should be allocated funds to conduct sample surveys on Economic Social indicators of the District, This should be done in conduction with the Department of Social Servicesr

The supply of dissagragated District data from ministries should be enhanced so that these information are available early enough to avoid delays in preparation of the document. The District departmental heads should also be equiped with their respective ministerial •intentions so that the Information can easily bé verified •at local level« In conclusion it Is also felt that in line with .decentralisation, of the planning exercise should be the decetralisiatlon of the decision making in impleme­ ntation of various:, development projects to District level* District Icvol officers should be improved and strengthened to cooo with tiia requirements of-the planning and iinDliisientation of the plan, 72 TABLE 3,1. PRIORITY PROJECT PROPOSALS FROM CENTRAL MINISTRIES PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS, LOCATION ETC, ESTIMATE COST PHASING K£ •OOO

A. PRODUCTION SECTOR

Agriculture I.A.D.P. Phase (il) 500 1979-83 Agriculture I.A.D.P. Phase (iv) 26k 1979-83 Tractor Hire Service Mainly in Kerio Valley 99 1979-83 Soil Conservation Units 160 198O-83 Development of livestock movement & Marketing 18 1979-83 Livestock Marketing Buying Centre & Transport 19 1979-83 Beekeeping Development ^9,775 1979-83 Loans & Advances for KTDA 2,960 1979-83 Tea Factory 8,785 1980-83 NATURAL RESOURCES

1. Rural Afforestation extension scheme 299,760 1979-83

2. Forest Plantation Dev. 218,400 1979-83

WATER DEVELOPMENT: (a) Rural Supplies III Sergoit 465 1979-83 (b) Rural Supplies IV at Chepsigot 200 1979-82 Kapcherop 30 1982-83 Lekewa 72.5 1981-83 (c) Wat er Resources & Pollution Control 962.5 1979-83 , I' Im 73

B. INFRASTRUCTURE

Electricity; Rural Electrification (Tambach) h5 1979-80 Post Office: Construction of new Dept. Post Office at Iten. 720 1979-80 Irrigation: Small Scale Irrigation 160 1979-83 Roads: (l) Rural Access roads Programme N/A 1979-83 C. SOCIAL SERVICES

Primary Schools (i) Construction of District Equipment Stores 18.68 1979-81 (iiConstruction of storage facilities 9.69 1981-83 Secondary Schools Secondary Education 63.7 1979-83 Health: (i) New District Hospital Iten 495 1978-83 (ii)1 Tambach Hospital 40 1980-82 (iii) Rural Health services . 263 1978-83 (iv) Environmental health 17.5 1979-33 (v) Other improvements 22.2 1979-83

D. GENERAL Kerio Valley Development Authority 200 1979-80

K M 7* - '•K TABLE 3.2. DISTRICT PROPOSAL IN ADDITION TO MINISTERIAL INTENTIONS.

PROJECT CHARASTERISTICS ESTIMATES PHASING LQCATIONS ETC.. Cost £'000 Production Sector 1. Vegetable Factory- Southern Division Not available 1980-83 2. Cash Crop Nurseries 20 1979-83 Northern Division Kerio Valley Rural afforestation 3. r- Nurseries 10 1979-83 Kerio Valley h. Minor Irrigation and Soil conservation -2.5. .L _.-.;•_ 1979-83 Kerió Valley Infrastructure 1. Water projects Kaptarakwa, Kapteren, Kapsowär, Kapsait, Kibomo, Kipsaos, Metkei/Kapkitany, Koimur, Kapchorua, Kimnai, Sangurur, Kabetwo etc. 150 1979-83 2. Cattle Dips 12 in each financial year four in each Division 120 1979-83 3. Silo & Storage facili facilities Iten Not available 1979-83 k. Banking facilities Iten " " 1979-83 Social Services 1. 2 Village Polytechnics Northern & Southern Division 50 1979-83 2. Construction of 3 health centres One in each division 15 1979-83

/'.' /?5 - 15 - '/: APPENDICES APPENDIX - 1. DISTRICT DATA SHEET

PROVINCE R.V.P. DISTRICT K/MARAKWET STATIONS Agriculture- ITEN TOTAL TOTAL BASIC DATA DISTRICT DIVISION PTVISION DIVISION DIVISION AREA Northerii Central Southern Total area (Ha)28l,000 hact. 281.000 hect, 3 159,500 hac, 62,850 hac. 58,650 hac. Agric. area (Ha) 162,000 hect, 80,000 45,000 37,000 High Potential(Agric-Ec.Zones 1,2,) 80,500 hect, 44,500 16,000 20,000 Medium Potential (Agro.Ec.Zone 3 130,850 hect, 70,000 32,850 26,000 Marginal(Agro.Ec.Zone 4) 71,650 hect, 45,000 14,000 12,650 Range & desert (Agro.Ec.Zones 5»6 Irrigated areas Tot & Chepsigot Tot Chepsigot How much is irrigated now(Ha) 400 hac. 300 hac, 100 hac. How much is expected to be irrigated in 1980?(Ha) 1000 hac. 1,000 hac. 500 hac, 350 hac. 150 hac. LAND USE AND POPULATION/EMPLOYMENT A. Small holdings(give size range) 2-5 hac, 5 hac, 3 hac. 2 hac. Number of small holdings 14,267 registered parcels 7062 3,351 3854 Total small holder area (Ha) 51,961 hac. 26,440 13,149 12,372 Portion of land multiple cropped(ha) 100,000 hac. 40,000 hac. 35,000 hac. 25,000 hac. Number of permanent non-family workers 8,000 5,000 2,000 3,000 Peak number of casual non-family workers 12,000 6,000 2,500 3,500 In what month(s)? March - May September - December

» - i i - r f- .* •. 1 ' f * ,/?6 16

PROVINCE DISTRICT DATA SHEET DISTRICT SECTOR s Agriculture, DISTRICT DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION» DIVISION TOTAL 3 Northern Central Southern B. Larges farms(give size range) (20 - 35 hac. l)Private (up to 7 owners) Number of farms 220 120 65 35 Total of house holds 600 400 120 80 Number of permanent non-family workers 1,300 700 300 300 Peak number of casual non-family workers 1,800 1,000 450 350 In what month (s)? Feb., March, May, -July, September - December Other (Cooperative, group etc) Number of farms Total area (Ha) N/A Number of households Number of permanent non-family workers Peak number of casual non-family works In what months

Ranching Number of ranches There are /no)ranches at Present. Total ranching area (Ha) It is possible to establish ranches covering 18720 hac, Number of households Number of permanent non-family workers Number of livestock Cattle Goats O Other Pas toralists € Number of households There are no Pastoralists in the district. Number of People Total Pastoralist area (Ha) Number of Livestock Cattle Goats 777 77 DISTRICT DATA SHEET Province District SectorsAgriculture. DISTRICT DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION DIVISION TOTAL 3 Northern Central Southern Other EROSION/DEFORESTATION PROBLEMS Moderate (Name of Locations) (i) Northern - Moiben, Lelan. (2) Central Irong North and (3) Southern Severe (name of Locations) (i) Northern - Cherangany, Endo (2) Central, - Annin, Tambach (3) Southern - Soy Location

A. CROPS Below is a list of representative crops. Please specify other crops if they are significant in your district. Industrial Crops Food Crops Coffee Maize Tea Sorghum Sisal Millet Pyrethrum Bananas Sugar Potatoes (White) Sun flower Sweet Potatoes Other oil seeds Beans Cashew nuts Horticulture Coconut Fodder crops Vattle Tobacco Cotton 778 78

DISTRICT DATA SHEET PROVINCE DISTRICT SECTOR; Agriculture In listing the crops on the next two pages, each crop should be described on one line in terms of area and on a Second line in terms of output. Flease use hectares and tons unless these measures are inappropriate. For food crops like Maize, Beans, if tJtere are normally two crops per year, please show them separately e.g., as long rain maize and short rain maize. For examples Crop Unit 1976 1977 1978 etc.

Maize (long rain) Hectares Tons Maize (short rain) Tons

It may be difficult to give area estimates and projections, especially if the crop is patchy or interplanted. We expect reasonable estimates, but precise measurement is clearly not possible. When projecting crop estimates make sure there is reasonable overall consistency; for example, not all crop areas can increase unless more land is bought under cultivation. This projection is to give some idea of the future cropping patterns you feel are likely with known government policies and prices. Output projections should reflect changes in area and in expected yield.

/79 TT CD ß O <+ rt- rt- a CD H H rt- O CD ff 3 o 4 * C CD 3 4

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PO PO PO PO PO o o •P- •p- 00 Ut 00 Ut o o oo Ut •p- O o o L Ut Ut o o 3 - -80

PROVINCE R. V. F. DISTRICT DATA SHEET DISTRICT K/MARAKWET " ' SECTORS Agrciculture

CROP UNIT 1976 1977 1978. 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Finger millet Hectares 159^ 3000 2800 285O 2900 3100 3150 3200

Tones 1275 2400 2240 2280 2320 2480 2520 2560 Wheat Ha 1664 3200 4000 • 4100 4250 4350 4400 4500 Ton 3328 6400 8000 8200 8500 8700. 8800 9000 Maize Ha 12125 17590 19068 20000 20100 20400 207OO 21000 Tons 36375 53770 57204 60000 6O3OO 612OO 62100 63000 Sorghum Ha 154 200 • 175 180 I85 195 200 210 .. Bags . 2272 3600 315O 36OO 3700 39.00 4000 4200 Beans Kac 2040 4ooo : 6OOO 6OOO 605O 61Ó0 65OO 72OO Tons 1428 2800 4200 4800 j 5445 5490 588O 6480

-• Groundnuts Ha. 146 100 117 118 120 125 135 140 Tons 88 60 70 •:" 71 96 1ÓÖ 108 i4o .:. Bananas Ea. : 58 "50 - 40 45 60 65 f 75 • 80

Tons 812 700 600 ' 675 900 975 I35O 1440 Potatoes Tons 1149 . 1195 180 220 !• 45O 700 85Ö 900 Ha. 5745 5975 72O 99OO 2250 3500 425b 450Ö. Horticulture- : qt-c' •••••"' " "-'200 -••• Ô50-. • •• 30CV • ^\o~- _jli_ 3J>©-'< ' ..vr •• 'itSÔ ' Tons DISTRICT DATA SHEET

5. LIVESTOCK 1976/77 1977/78 1978/79 1979/80 1981/82 1982/83

Cattle - Grade and cross-Number 14694 15972 17361 21768 26347 31532

Local - Number 87769 95401 103695 127627 154480 186241

io Annual offtake-% 8 9 9.5 11 12 15 Hides and Skins - Numbers Hides 4820 5248 7987 11500 L 16434 21699 Skins 323^0 27838 28547 Milk production-in Litres Total Milk production including 409852OO 44549200 48422400 59758000 723308OO 87,109,200 Home use Sheep - Vool - Numbers 17238 21548 27O6O 28012 29133 30298 Hair - Numbers 80839 101049 126311 131364 136619 142084

Goats - Numbers 5596O 68611 85764 89195 92763 96473 Pigs - Numbers 2 0 3 2 10 120

Poultry- Numbers 167458 167458 267935 428696 685912

Donkeys- Numbers 1575 1575 1764 1976. 2214 i Camels - Numbers 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hives - unimproved <- Numbers 95OO 10000 K'.r^o 10500 10000 8500

Hives-improved-Numbers 0 0 100 300 1000 4000 Honey Production - in Kgs.8 21375 22500 52400 56700 65000 102500 Wax Production - in Kgs. 2137.5 2250 5240 5670 6500 10250 Ot/ier (specify) - - - - - — Beef cattle when ranches have been established 0 0 0 0 1000 2600 L . — . 81

DISTRICT DATA SHEET

5. LIVESTOCK i 1976/77 1977/78 1978/79 1979/80 I98I/82 1982/83 Cattle - Grade and cross-Number 14694 15972 I736I 21768 26347 31532 Local - Number 87769 95401 IO3695 127627 154480 186241 °/o Annual offtake-^ 8 9 9.5 11 12 15 Hides and Skins - Numbers Hides 4820 5248 7987 11500 16434 21,699 Skins 32340 27838 28547 jMilk production-in Litres Total Milk production including Home use 409852OO ^549200 48422400 59758OOO 723308OO 87.109,200 ! Sheep - Wool - Numbers 17238 21548 27060 28012 29133 30298 | Hair - Numbers 80839 101049 126311 131364 136619 142084 | Goats - Numbers 5596O 68611 85764 89195 92763 96473 j Pigs - Numbers 2 0 3 2 10 120 Poultry - Numbers 167458 167458 267935 428696 685912 Donkeys - Numbers 1575 1575 1764 1976 2214 Camels - Numbers 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hives -unimproved -Numbers 9500 10000 10180 10500 10000 8500 Hives-improved -Numbers 0 0 100 300 1000 4000 Honey Production - in Kgs. 21375 225OO 52400 56700 65000 102500 Wax Production - in Kgs. 2137.5 2250 5240 5670 650Ü 10250 Other (specify) — - - - - - Beef cattle when ranches have r\ r» r» mnn 9^nn 82

11. ONGOING GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES (see Budget Sheets)

1T1. COMMUNITY, HARAMBEE AND RDF PROJECTS ( EXPECTED IN 1977/78)

(a) RDF PROJECT Number DDC Contribution MOA Assistance Community Group Contri­ bution

Crop

Livestock

i Infrastructure implemented t by MOA i

Other " by MOA

! (b) Co iimunity and Harambee Number Non-MOA MOA Assistance Community . . ( Govt. Contribution) Group Contri­ tion

I Crop | Livestock Infrastructure Affecting ! MOA I Other " MOA j / \ Comments on the RDF Type of Projects (d) Commentsoon the other Proj. j SAMBIRIR WATER CANAL Funds for the Labour is RENNOVATION 1 - same are provi- also provided by MOA by Community Served on Hara­ mbee basis. - 83 -

IV. DESIRED GOVERNMENT PROJECTS IN DISTRICT

(a) Comment on the present, government and agricultural programme e.g. I.A.D.P. as to whether these should be extended, closed and changes in some way during the plan period. (Use another sheet if necessary). The programmes e.g. I.A.D.P. should be planned two to three (2.3 yrs) years before implementation to avoid confusion. Late arrival of inputs and other related problem are experienced in the present I.A.D.P. Otherwise the programme should be extended to cover a long period which exceeds the present 5 Years Programme.

(b) Any new programmes and projects that should be considered in the plan period. Irrigation should be considered and plans be made to harness and utilize the river waters in Kerio Valley, which for a long time has been neglected.

Soil Conservation measures should also be taken wholly as projects that need planning and assistance.

M 8k APP. Zs- SERVICE CENTRES INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES;- ELGYO/MARAKWET DISTRICT

i CENTRE ADMINISTRATION POLICE WATER SUPPLY SE¥A~ ELECT- HEALTH] HEALTH DIS- CENTRE Prov. District Div. Chief's Sta­ Post Council Other RAGE TRICI­ HOSP. CENTRE FEN- 3q. Hq. Hq. Asst. tion Govt. TY NSARY Chief's

Camp. i URBANs Iten X X X X RURALs Chepkorio X X X X X Chobmiet X X X X Kapsowar X X X Kimwarer X X X X Kapcherop X X X Tambach X X X X X MARKET; Kaptarakwa X X X Kamwosor .X X X Tot X X X X Chebororwa X X X Chebara x . X X LOCALs Kamariny X Bugar X X Sergoit X X X Biretwo X X Kessup X X Kapteren X Nyaru X Turesia X Kipsaos X X Tumeiyo Muskut •v X X Chesoi X X X Cheptongei X Chesegon X Chesongoch x • X Kipsoen x X - 85

ADMINISTRATION POLICE WATER SUPPLY SEWA-ELEC­ EEALTK HEALTH DIS.- CENTRE Prov, District Div. Chief's Station Post Council! Other RAGE TRICITY Hosp. Centre pen- Hq. Hq. Hq. Asst. Govt. sary Chief's Camp

Kapchorua Tabare LOCALS Kaptalamwa X Koitilial X Ibiso Kocholwo X Kamelil Chororget X Simit Anin X Cheptebo Sesia Emsea X Singore X X Kendur Chebilbai Kimnai X Kamoi X Kapkitony X Chemunata Kibigos Kapterit X Kapsait X Tangul8 X Maina Kapkoi X

,/86 87

CENTRE F OST & TELECOM. EDUCATIONAL WELFARE LOC. JUDIC. CRAFT TRANS

i- Uöt Tele- Primary oeconu.cs.ry Banking Cinema Library Govt. Court Village Bus Service Office Phone School School Service Hq. House Polyte* Frequancy (Sub chnic r-. o. ) Kapchorwa X X Tabare X Kapkoi X X Kapkitony X X LOCALS Kocholwo X X Kämelil X Choroget X Simit X An in X Cheptebo Sesia X X Singore X X X Kendur X Chebilbai X X Kimnai X X Kamoi X X Chemunata X X Kibigos X Kondabile X Tenden X Kapterit Kapsait X Tangul X Main a X Chebilil X

1 1 88

COUNTY COUNCIL OF KEIYO/MARAKWET DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOR PERIOD • 1979/1983

PROJECTS 1 1 1 1g82 £|83 TOTAL- SOURCE OF FINANCE m* $t° gg T K£

1. HOUSING 85,000 95,000 90,000 85,000 60,000 415,000 N.H.C. 2. WATER 9,000 9,500 18,500 L.G.L.A.

3 „ SEWERAGE 50,000 50,000 J-/ s vj 0 •L' « A >

4. ROADS 25,000 25,000 50,000 L • G • 1/ • A »

5. EDUCATION ------6. VEHICLES 12,000 "~ 12,000 REVENUE CONTR- BUTION & CAPITAL RECEIPTS 7. MARKETING & TRADING L.G.L.A. & REVE- SERVICES 49,600 800 800 70, •VOO 105,000 226,600 UUTJ. OQL'.JIBUTIONS 8. SLAUC/TER HOUSES 21,250 5OO 250 500 250 22,750 L.G.L.A.&R. CC-T^I.

9. STADIUM & COMMUNITY CENTRE 25,000 50,000 - 75,000 Lt G« L» A„ 10. AUCTION SALE YARDS 1,200 1 ,200 300 2,700 REVENUE CONTRIBUTION 11. CEMENTARIES 6OO 400 200 200 1,400 REVENUE CONTRIBUTION 12. LAND ACQUISITION 5,000 5,000 10,000 L.G.L.A.

13. TOURIST HOTEL 200,000 100,000 300,000 L.G.L.A. & K.T.D.C.

14. TOWN PLANNING SERVICES 500 1,500 5OO 5OO 3,000 REVENUE CONTRIBUTION

1ZU5J0 .201 A100 1^2X25_0 _ 406^600 _265_^50_ 186^0. /39 w

COUNTY COUNCIL OF KEIYO/MARAKWET STAFF LIST

' Authorised Present Level of Vacancies Post required Remarks Establish. strength Employment not approved 1. CLERK'S DEPARTMENT Clerk to Council 1 1 District Administrative Officer District 1 1 Committee Clerk 2 2 District office Copy typist 1 1 District office Registry clerk 1 1 District office Office Messenger 1 1 District Office

2. TREASURER'S DEPARTMENT County Treasurer 1 1 District Accountant District 1 1 Internal Auditor 1 1 District office Establishment Officer 1 1 District office 1 1 Revenue Officer District 1 1 Revenue Assistants 2 2 Divisional Cashier 1 1 District office Accountancy Assistant 1 1 District office Copy typist 11 1 District office Clerical Officers 3 3 District office 4 4 Office Messenger 1 1 District office 3. POOLOF VEHICLES Mechanic 1 1 - - Drivers 7 7 4. MARKETS & CONSERVANCY Draughtsman Surveyor 1 1 District Sweepers 2 2 Conservancy cleaners 7 7 Cemetery Attendants 3 1 2 2 - 90 .

Authorised Present Level of Vacancies Post required Remarks * trength Employment not approved . '• '..•:'' i . I ' •('•'. •:.,' ;'• ''; ' .: ;• '•. Establish I5- BUILDING & WORKS 1 Carpenter 1 1 District office - - Watchman 1 1 - - . Labourers 2 2 - - 6. VETERINARY DEPARTMENT Veterinary Scouts - - Locational 6 6 Hides & Skins Instructors 10 10 Locational - — - Labourers 3 3 Locational - - 7. WATER SUPPLIES Water Operators 7 7 - - Artisan 1 1 - -

8. STOCK AUCTIONS Clerks 2 2 - -

9. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Locational C.D.A.S. 11 11 Locational — _ Nursery School teachers 46 46 Nursery School - - 10. SPORTS Sports Supervisor - - District 1 __J

» t to ,' ! I /91 - 91

APF. 4 CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES ELGBYO/MARAKWET

CS/NO. NAME ACTIVITY/PRODUCE MEMBERSHIP ANNUAL TURNOVER

707 MOIBEN F.C.S. LTD. ÏYRETHRUM/WOOL 2185 281,729.60 736 IRONG PCS LTD. -do- 58O 39,725.30

809 NYARU F.C.S. LTD. DAIRY/FYRSTFOUM 4l6 379,7^2.35 811 KAI'TARAXWA PCS LTD > -do- 7O6 476,187.65

376 LELAM PCS LTD. WOOL/PYRETHRUM 315 292,960.00 946 METKEI FCS LTD., DAIRY/PYRETHRUM 628 522,482.85

19-32 SAMEIRIR FCS LTD. WOOL 157 NO FIGURES AVAILABLE

2073 CHEFKORIO FCS LTD. DAIRY/PYRETHRUM 2217 639,826.56 2097 SENGWER FCS LTD. -do- 245 26,057.70

2173 MUTEI FCS LTD. -do- DORMANT 2358 FLUORSPAR CC3 LTD. CONSUMERS T 0 C HANGE ITS B Y E - L AWSTOCS&CS 2663 KEIYO/MARAKWET TEACHERS CS & CS LTD CS & CS 128 102,000.00

2719 KIMWARER FCS LTD. COTTON N E W L Y REGI STERED' 2729 XERIO CENTRAL FCS LTD. COTTON 3OO NOT STABTED BUSINESS 27^2 KERIO MTAA CS & CS LTD. CS & CS 46 103,340.00

277^ KAPKITONY FCS LTD. DAIRY/FYRETHRUM 204 327,865.20 A cooperative union for the district has been - TOTAL 8 127 •/ro-:?,: - -/" *iyJ "•linr. h^v^r '--eon m«v?e .to hive it re<-istcré^ Ay the be£inni*V*"Osf 1*?79.! h •• 1 < APPENDIX 5 SCHOOLS ENROLLMENT. 1978 A. PRIMARY SCHOOLS ENROLLMENT.

CLASS DIVISION 1 2 3 4 0 5 tf 6 7T0T • •'. TOTAL CLASSES

CENTRAL 1061 11265 275 DIVISION 267^ I695 181 9 1829 1370 823

SOUTHERN HOe 1325 1244 1248 1146 855 856 8478 285 DIVISION NORTHERN DIVISION 4445 2522 2275 2239 1648 1304 969 15^02 457

TOTAL 8925 5542 5338 5316 4162 3220 2648 351^5 1017

Source; District Education Office sten.

I: .,./93 93

B. SECONDARY SCHOOLS

FORM NO. OF SCHOOL 1 11 111 1V V V1 TOTAL TEACHERS STREAMS

4ETKEI (HARAMBEE) 4 12 - - - - 16 3 2

ST. PATRICK GOVT.AIDED 80 80 80 80 60 60 44o 18 12

LELBOINET (HARAMBEE) 34 22 15 - - - 71 5 3 MARAKWET (HARAMBEE) k9 53 47 42 - - 181 6 4

MOKWO (HARAMBEE) 6k 73 35 - - - 172 5 4

KESSUP (K.I.C.) 80 - k2 36 34 - 192 9 5 KITANY (HARAMBEE) ko 51 36 38 - - 165 7 " TAMBACH (GOVT.AIDED) 90 104 49 49 - - 292 4 - SINGORE (HARAMBEE) k9 52 38 27 - - 166 9 4

SIMOTWO (HARAMBEE) 40, 45 - - - - 85 3 2

KAPKENDA (GOVT. AIDED) 7k 41 77 65 - - 257 10 6

KAPSOWAR (HARAMBEE) k9 47 25 22 - - 143 4 4

CHEBARA (GOVT. AIDED) 8k 90 45 41 - - 260 6 4 1 N.B. Tambach, Chebara 1an d Kapkenda figures includes Harambee streams and Teachers.

Sources D.E.O. - sten. ELGEYO MARAXWET DISTRICT

tlLOHims 5 t Î 2 1 O S !D IS IS I 1 ' -<

MAP NO. 1. LAND POTENTIAL

HIQH ALTITUDE _ABOVE FOREST LINE

HIGH POTENTIAL

„MEDIUM POTENTIAL

MARGINAL AREA

.MBA« CED IDES ..MUl tt«l«[S .. MARKET CtNIRES

..10CAI CEN'HS

It-/ •*-' > ÎUBÇSIfl I

• HAMW050H ^ ELGEYO MARAKWET DISTRICT MAP NO. 2. CATTLE & SHEEP DIPS

S* A y oOss ° Q

\ / e) >Ç o ° o °/ A ° o •» ej ! 0° o o° / ^ o' v o e i >? e o\ °c° *' 40e e°° ° ../ I © .' ° CATTLE DIP UNDER CONS- 'S " / TRUCTION OR NEEDS REPAIR v o o /

(y OPERATIONAL CATTLE DIP

A° °o V OS OPERATIONAL SHEEP DIP o • \

9 PROPOSED CATTLE /SHEEP DIP

ie o o 1.o

/o o0 o\ Co 8.o_e^ ELGEYO MARAKWET MAP N2 3

./ l'CHESEGON 7 PHYSICAL FEATURES

S ! ) v>^ / '' ƒ V \# f CHERENGANY ' ƒ X *"**" MOUNTAINS ! / \BKAPCHËROP I *

• y*. <—s A A/- v ^kCHEBIEHIT \

I 1 / M ( / \ ' 2 i \s J

\ ATAMBACH l v\ ,KABARNET V jAcHEPKORIJ^CHEPKOF O S ELDORET y \ ! I

( \ ! ELGEYO MARAKWET DISTRICT MAP NO. 4. 9 VIEW OF KERIO VALLEY

V JTAMBACH O \ K ABARNET O

V OCHEPKORIO>OCHEPK -

QELDORET

< >

! ' 5 L—.Ü ivûïn MÄKÄTOY m$m\ii

K.lCHiUti S , ] î i a

"==i MAP NO. 5. u ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES

^" (VJ^ s ''•^JHESOItGOtH i V ( Vr\. -r r £ KAPSDWAH \ iCKEBosoawà • V r • CHEBAHÙ Z

y^fHËBÎ ÉMÎT*- * *"——- • —^"^L S / M BUCtR I

\ • SERGÛII .A

• UMOIIR m \ :

U MB AtH \ A KAPlERfN .DISTRICT BOUNDARY l BlREIWO © * ^.DIVISIONAL BOUNDARY

.VOCATIONAL BOUNDARY

. UflBJII CtHIRES

. RURAL CEKtRES 1 ..MARKU CENTRES ..10CAI CENTRES ÄCHEPIOBIB H

k/lUBE5IA

\ ) IWÔSL.

V..rvyxipJAoy v ELGEYO MARAKWET DISTRICT

MAP NO. 6 ROADS NETWORK

MAINTAINED BY KITALE DISTRICT ^

MAINTAINED BY UASIN GISHU DISTRICT

3 MAINTAINED BY BARINGO DISTRICT

URBAN CENTRES RURAL CENTRES MARKET CENTRES LOCAL CENTRES

r NATIONAt I BUNK ROADS

rPRIMARY ROADS

StCCHOARY ROADS SCALE : 1 : 250,000 : . MINOR ROADS ELGEYO MARAKWET DISTRICT

«UMIICS i I ] ! I 0

MAP NO. 7

HEALTH FACILITIES

V \ ~\ v. •^

/o'Sfio A/

H DISTRICT HOSPITAL «*-

HC HEALTH CENTRES D DISPENSARIES

SHC SUB-HEALTH CENTRES

Wt U»B4» CEKlRtS A smut CUHES • HARKEI CEN1RES • IOCJI crnnts