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Rapport N° 3507 N° 3507 ______ ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE CONSTITUTION DU 4 OCTOBRE 1958 DOUZIÈME LÉGISLATURE Enregistré à la Présidence de l'Assemblée nationale le 12 décembre 2006. RAPPORT FAIT (1) AU NOM DE LA COMMISSION D’ENQUÊTE relative à l’influence des mouvements à caractère sectaire et aux conséquences de leurs pratiques sur la santé physique et mentale des mineurs Président M. Georges FENECH, Rapporteur M. Philippe VUILQUE, Députés. —— (1) La composition de cette commission figure au verso de la présente page. La commission d’enquête relative à l’influence des mouvements à caractère sectaire et aux conséquences de leurs pratiques sur la santé physique et mentale des mineurs est composée de : M. Georges FENECH, Président ; Mme Martine DAVID, M. Alain GEST, vice- présidents ; MM. Jean-Pierre BRARD, Rudy SALLES, secrétaires ; M. Philippe VUILQUE, rapporteur ; Mmes Patricia ADAM, Martine AURILLAC, MM. Serge BLISKO, Philippe COCHET, Christian DECOCQ, Marcel DEHOUX, Guy GEOFFROY, Michel HEINRICH, Jean-Yves HUGON, Michel HUNAULT, Jacques KOSSOWSKI, Jérôme LAMBERT, Mme Geneviève LEVY, MM. Pierre Morel-A-L’HUISSIER, Jacques MYARD, Daniel PRÉVOST, Éric RAOULT, Jacques REMILLER, Mme Chantal ROBIN-RODRIGO, M. Serge ROQUES, Mme Michèle TABAROT, MM. Philippe TOURTELIER, Christian VANNESTE, Philippe VITEL. 3 SOMMAIRE ___ Pages INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 9 COMPTE RENDU DU DÉPLACEMENT DE LA COMMISSION D’ENQUÊTE DANS LA COMMUNAUTÉ DE TABITHA’S PLACE À SUS (PYRÉNÉES-ATLANTIQUES) ........ 13 PREMIÈRE PARTIE : LES ENFANTS, UNE PROIE POUR LES SECTES ............ 17 I. L’ENFANT VICTIME........................................................................................................ 19 A. L’ENFERMEMENT SOCIAL ...................................................................................... 19 1. Un phénomène dissimulé derrière la liberté d’opinion.................................... 19 2. Un nombre important d’enfants victimes, qui reste difficile à évaluer ........... 21 3. La disparition du temps de l’enfance................................................................ 25 4. L’enfant, vecteur et victime du prosélytisme du mouvement sectaire........... 26 5. La souffrance résultant de la fermeture au monde extérieur ......................... 27 6. Le manque d’esprit critique, résultat de l’enfermement social....................... 31 7. Les caractéristiques de l’emprise mentale sur les enfants : le conditionnement et la culpabilisation ............................................................... 34 8. Les risques de violences physiques ................................................................. 36 9. Les atteintes à la vie familiale ........................................................................... 42 10. Le paroxysme de l’enfermement social : la difficulté à sortir de la secte.................................................................................................................... 47 a) L’appréciation complexe de la notion de danger............................................... 47 b) La nécessaire assistance du mineur par un avocat............................................ 49 c) Les difficultés matérielles ................................................................................. 50 d) Les difficultés psychologiques........................................................................... 51 e) L’insuffisante prise en charge des victimes d’emprise sectaire.......................... 52 B. L’ENFERMEMENT À TRAVERS L’INSTRUCTION À DOMICILE............................... 53 C. L’ENFANT PRIVÉ DE SOINS.................................................................................... 59 1. Des conditions de vie déplorables.................................................................... 59 2. Des prescriptions alimentaires dangereuses pour la santé des enfants....... 60 4 3. Des soins préventifs refusés ............................................................................. 61 4. Des traitements thérapeutiques récusés ......................................................... 64 a) Tabitha’s Place ................................................................................................ 64 b) Les Témoins de Jéhovah ................................................................................... 65 II. L’ENFANT MANIPULÉ................................................................................................... 68 A. L’ENFANT, UNE VICTIME DES THÉRAPIES NON CONVENTIONNELLES ............. 68 1. Naissances démiurgiques et fausses renaissances ....................................... 69 a) L’enfant artefact............................................................................................... 69 – Deux exemples : les Raëliens et la Fraternité Blanche Universelle ................ 69 – Les actions menées par le ministère de la santé et des solidarités................... 70 b) L’enfance falsifiée ............................................................................................ 71 – Le « rebirth »............................................................................................. 72 – « La mémoire retrouvée » .......................................................................... 73 – Le marché du passé psychique.................................................................... 74 2. L’enfance dénaturée .......................................................................................... 76 a) L’enfant du Nouvel-Âge.................................................................................... 76 b) L’exploitation psychosectaire des enfants souffrant de troubles psychiatriques.................................................................................................. 79 c) Des pratiques portant atteinte à la dignité des enfants handicapés.................... 80 3. Les problèmes de l’adolescence mis à profit par les sectes.......................... 83 a) La toxicomanie................................................................................................. 83 b) Les troubles du comportement .......................................................................... 84 B. L’ENFANT, UN OBJET DE DÉMARCHAGE POUR DES CAUSES APPAREMMENT HUMANITAIRES ........................................................................... 86 C. L’INSTRUMENTALISATION DU SOUTIEN SCOLAIRE............................................. 87 D. LA PRESSE ET LA PROTECTION DES MINEURS .................................................. 91 E. LES PIEGES DES RÉSEAUX NUMÉRIQUES........................................................... 92 SECONDE PARTIE : L’ACTION DES POUVOIRS PUBLICS, UN ENGAGEMENT INÉGAL.......................................................................................... 95 I. UNE VIGILANCE QUI NE S’EST JAMAIS RELÂCHÉE .................................................. 97 A. UNE MOBILISATION CONSTANTE DES PARLEMENTAIRES ................................. 97 1. Les commissions d’enquête, le groupe d’études et les questions écrites ................................................................................................................. 97 2. Le droit applicable, la loi « About-Picard » et ses prolongements possibles............................................................................................................. 99 a) La loi « About-Picard ».................................................................................... 99 5 – Le délit d’abus de l’état d’ignorance ou de faiblesse..................................... 101 – Les limitations apportées à la publicité des mouvements sectaires................. 102 b) Les freins à une bonne application de la loi...................................................... 105 c) La possibilité de mieux sanctionner l’enfermement social des mineurs.............. 108 B. UNE IMPLICATION FORTE DES POUVOIRS PUBLICS........................................... 110 1. L’action interministérielle ................................................................................... 110 a) Une longue maturation..................................................................................... 110 b) La Mission interministérielle de vigilance et de lutte contre les dérives sectaires (MIVILUDES)................................................................................... 112 – Les actions menées par la MIVILUDES...................................................... 113 – De nouveaux pouvoirs d’action .................................................................. 115 2. Les actions ministérielles................................................................................... 118 a) Les chargés de mission ministériels.................................................................. 118 b) L’exemple de l’action du ministère de la jeunesse, des sports et de la vie associative : un encadrement juridique des associations satisfaisant................ 119 c) Les correspondants régionaux des ministères ................................................... 122 3. Les actions locales............................................................................................. 124 a) Les cellules de vigilance ................................................................................... 124 b) Les correspondants régionaux de la MIVILUDES ............................................ 126 II. DES FAIBLESSES MANIFESTES ................................................................................. 127 A. UNE SENSIBILISATION
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