BIBLIOGRAPHY

The bibliography lists only those works cited in the text. The date used in citations is usually the year in which the work was written or first published. Where a second date is given with the publication details, it is the date of the edition of printing actually used. The following method of quoting is accepted: (name of the author, year of publishing, page(s) or section(s)). When the quotation is from author to which the actual chapter is dedicated, the author's name is omitted. Years and dates put in square brackets indicate the date of composing of the publication (script) under scrutiny.

1. Works by Moore, Russell, Wittgenstein, Ryle, Austin, Strawson, Dummett

(I) AUSTIN, J. L. 1938 'dyaeov and Etil>atf.toVia in the Ethics of ', in 1961, pp. 1-31. 1939 'Are There A Priori ?', in 1961, pp. 32-54. 1940 'The of a Word', in 1961, pp. 55-75. 1946 'Other ', in 1961, pp. 76-116. 1950a 'Intelligent Behaviour', in Literary Supplement, 7 April, p. xi. 1950b '', in 1961, pp. 117-33. 1953 'How to Talk-some simple ways', in 1961, pp. 134-53. 1954 'Unfair to Facts', in 1961, pp. 154-74. 1956a 'A Plea for Excuses', in 1961, pp. 175-204. 1956b 'Ifs and Cans', in 1961, pp. 205-32. 1956c 'Performative Utterances', in 1961, pp. 233-52. 1958a 'Pretending', in 1961, pp. 253-71. 1958b 'Three Ways of Spilling Ink', in 1961, pp. 272-88. 1961 Philosophical Papers, ed. G. J. Warnock and J. 0. Urmson, Oxford: Ox• ford University Press (2nd edn. 1970). 1962a La Philosophie Analytique, Cahiers de Royaumont, Philosophie, no. iv, Paris: Minuit (Austin's contributions in discussions on analytic ), pp. 230-47; 282-304; 330-80. 1962b 'Performative-Constative', trans. G. J. Warnock, in C. E. Caton (ed.), Philosophy and Ordinary , Urbana (Ill.): University of Illinois Press, pp. 22-54 (1st edn. 1962a, pp. 271-304). 1962c How to Do Things with Words, ed. J. 0. Urmson and M. Sbisa, Oxford: Oxford University Press (2nd edn. 1975). 1962d Sense and Sensibilia, ed. G. J. Warnock, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

(II) DUMMETT, M. A. E. 1954a 'Translations from the Philosophical Writings of , by and Max Black', , 63: 102-5. 1954b 'Can an Effect Precede its Cause?', in 1978b, pp. 319-32. 1955a 'Frege on Functions: A Reply', , 64: 96-107. 246 BmuoGRAPHY 1955b 'Critical Notice to The Structure ofAppearance', in 1978b, pp. 29-37. 1956 '', in 1978b, pp. 38-49. 1957 'Constructionalism', in 1978b, pp. 50-65. 1958 The Law of Excluded Middle (unpublished). 1959a 'Truth', in 1978b, pp. 1-24. 1959b 'Oxford Philosophy', in Oxford Magazine. 1959c 'Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mathematics', in 1978b, pp. 166-85. 1960a 'Oxford Philosophy', in 1978b, pp. 431-6. 1960b 'A Defence of McTaggart's of the Unreality of ', in 1978b, pp. 351-7. 1963 'Realism', in 1978b, pp. 145-65. 1967a 'Platonism', in 1978b, pp. 202-14. 1967b 'Frege's Philosophy', in 1978b, pp. 87-115. 1973 Frege: , New York: Harper & Row (2nd edn. 1981). 1974 'The Significance of Quine's Indeterminacy Thesis', in 1978b, pp. 375- 419. 1975a 'Can Analytical Philosophy be Systematic, and Ought it to Be?', in 1978b, pp. 437-58. 1975b 'What is a Theory of Meaning? (I)', in 1993b, pp. 1-33. 1976a 'What is a Theory of Meaning? (II)', in 1993b, pp. 34-93. 1976b 'Frege and Wittgenstein', in 199lb, pp. 237-48. 1977 Elements of Intuitionism, with the assistance of Roberto Minio, Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1978a 'Preface', in 1978b, pp. ix-li. 1978b Truth and Other Enigmas, London: Duckworth. 1978c 'What do I Know when I Know a Language?', in 1993b, pp. 94-105. 1981 The Interpretation of Frege 's Philosophy, London: Duckworth. 1982 'Realism', in 1993b, pp. 230-76. 1986 'The Philosophy of and Philosophy of Language', in J. Vuillemin (ed.), Merites et limites des methodes logiques en philoso• phie, Paris: Vrin, pp. 141-55. 1987 'Replies to Essays', in . Contributions to Philosophy, ed. B. M. Taylor, Dordrecht: Nijhoff, pp. 219-330. 1989 'Frege', in J. 0. Urmson and J. Ree (eds.), pp. 113-17. 1991a The Logical Basis of , London: Duckworth. 1991b Frege and Other Philosophers, Oxford: Clarendon Press. 199lc Frege: Philosophy of Mathematics, London: Duckworth. 199ld 'What is Mathematics About?', in 1993b, pp. 429-45. 1992 'Realism and Anti-Realism', in 1993b, pp. 462-78. 1993a Origins ofAnalytical Philosophy, London: Duckworth. 1993b The Seas ofLanguage, Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1995 'The Context : Centre of Frege's Philosophy', in Ingolf Max and Werner Stelzner (Hrsg.), Logik und Mathematik, Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 3-19. BmuoGRAPHY 247 1996 Fabrice Pataut, 'An Anti-Realist Perspective on Language, Thought, Logic and the History of : An Interview with M. Dummett', Philosophical Investigations, 19: 1-33.

(III) MOORE, G. E. 1894 'Shall we Take Delight in Crushing our Roses?' 1895 'What is ?' 1897 I897 Dissertation. 1898a I898 Dissertation. 1898b 'Freedom', in 1986b, pp. 25-58. 1898c 'Amantium querellae (sic)' 1899a 'Do we Love Ourselves Best?' 1899b 'Vanity of Vanities' 1899c 'The of Judgement', in 1986b, pp. 59-80. 1900a 'Is Conversion Possible?' 1900b 'Should Things be Real?' 1900c 'Necessity', in 1986b, pp. 81-100. 1901a '', in 1986b, pp. 121-46. 1901b 'The of Religion', in 1986b, pp. 101-20. 1902 'Truth', in J. M. Baldwin (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy and , 2 vols., Glouchester (Mass.): Peter Smith (2nd edn. 1960), ii, pp. 716-18. 1903a 'Review of F. Brentano, The Origin of the of Right and Wrong', International Journal of Ethics, 14: 115-23. 1903b Principia Ethica, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1903c 'The Refutation of ', in 1922, pp. 1-30. 1905 'The Nature and of Objects of ', in 1922, pp. 31-%. 1908 '' ""', in 1922, pp. 97-146. 1909a 'Hume's Philosophy' (1909), in 1922, pp. 147-67. 1909b 'The -Matter of Psychology', Proceedings of the , 10 (1909-10): 36-62. 1910 'Review of Messer, Empfindung und Denken', Mind, 19: 395-409. 1912 Ethics, Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2nd edn. 1966. 1914 'The Status of Sense-Data', in 1922, pp. 168-96. 1917 'The Conception of Reality', in 1922, pp. 197-219. 1918a 'Some Judgements of Perception', in 1922, pp. 220-52. 1918b 'The Conception oflntrinsic Value', in 1922, pp. 253-75. 1919 'External and Internal ', in 1922, pp. 276-309. 1921 'The Nature of Moral Philosophy', in 1922, pp. 310-39. 1922 Philosophical Studies, London: Routledge. 1923 'Are the Characteristics of Particular Things or Particular?', in 1959, pp. 17-31. 1925 'A Defence of ', in 1959, pp. 32-59. 1927 'Facts and ', in 1959, pp. 60-88. 1932 'Is Goodness a ?', in 1959, pp. 89-101. 1933 'Imaginary Objects', in 1959, pp. 102-14. 1936 'Is a Predicate?', in 1959, pp. 115-26. 1939 'Proof of an External World', in 1959, pp. 127-150. 248 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1940a 'Certainty', in 1959, pp. 227-251. 1940b 'Four Forms of Scepticism', in 1959, pp. 196-226. 1942 'An Autobiography', in Schilpp (ed.), pp. 1-39. 1944 'Russell's "Theory of '", in Schilpp (ed.), pp. 175-225. 1953 Some Main Problems of Philosophy, London: Allen & Unwin. 1959 Philosophical Papers, London: Allen & Unwin. 1966 Lectures on Philosophy, ed. C. Lewy, London: Allen & Unwin. 1979 'Moore Papers', quot. according to Paul Levy. 1986a 'Moore Papers', quot. according to Regan 1986b. 1986b The Early Essays, ed. T. Regan, Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1991 The Elements of Ethics, ed. T. Regan, Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1993 Selected Writings, ed. T. Baldwin, London: Routledge.

(N) RUSSELL, B. A. W. 1895 'Review of Heymans, Die Gesetze und Elemente des wissenschaftlichen Denkens', in 1983, pp. 249-55. 1896a 'Notes on the Logic of the Sciences', in 1990, pp. 3-5. 1896b 'The Logic of Geometry', in 1983, pp. 266-86. 1897a 'Seems, Madam? Nay, It Is', in 1983, pp. 105-11. 1897b An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1898a 'Are Euclid's Axioms Empirical?', in 1990, pp. 325-38. 1898b 'On Quantity and Allied Conceptions', in 1990, pp. 114-35. 1898c 'An Analysis of Mathematical Reasoning', in 1990, pp. 153-242. 1899a 'The Classification of Relations', in 1990, pp. 136-46. 1899b 'Was the World Good before the Sixth Day?', in 1983, pp. 112-16. 1899c 'The Fundamental and Axioms of Mathematics', in 1990, pp. 261-305. 1900a A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, Cambridge: Cam• bridge University Press (2nd edn. 1937). 1900b 'The of Mathematics, Draft of 1899-1900', in 1993, pp. 15- 180. 1901a 'Recent Work on the Principles of Mathematics', in 1993, pp. 363-79. 1901b 'Draft of 1901 ',in 1993, pp. 181-208. 1901c 'Recent Italian Works on the Foundations of Mathematics', in 1993, pp. 350-62. 1902/3 'The Pilgrimage of Life', in 1985, pp. 35-55. 1903a The Principles ofMathematics, London: Allan & Unwin. 1903b 'A Free Man's Worship', in 1918b, pp. 40--7. 1904a 'On History', in 1910a, pp. 60--9. 1904b 'Points about Denoting', in 1994, pp. 305-13. 1904c 'Meinong's Theory of Complexes and Assumptions', in 1973, pp. 21-76. 1905a 'The Nature of Truth', in 1994, pp. 490--506. 1905b 'On Fundamentals', in 1994, pp. 359-413. 1905c 'On Denoting', in 1956, pp. 39-56. 1905d 'The Existential Import of Propositions', in 1973, pp. 98-102. BIBLIOGRAPHY 249 1907a 'Some Difficulties in the Theory of Transfinite Numbers and Order Types', Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 4: 29-53. 1907b 'On the Nature of Truth', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 7: 28- 49 (1906-7). 1908 ' as Based on the Theory of Types', in 1956, pp. 57-102. 1909 'The Elements of Ethics', in 1910a, pp. 13-59. 1910a Philosophical Essays, London: Allen & Unwin (2nd edn. 1966). 1910b Principia Mathematica (with A. N. Whitehead), 3 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1910-13; 2nd edn. 1925). 1911a 'Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by ', in 1992b, pp. 147-61. 1911b 'Analytic Realism', in 1992b, pp. 132-46. 1911c 'The Philosophical Implications of Mathematical Logic', in 1973, pp. 284-94. 1911d 'Prisons', in 1985, pp. 97-109. 1911e 'On the Relations of Universals and Particulars', in 1956, pp. 103-24. 1912a The Problems of Philosophy, London: T. Butterworth (2nd edn. 1932). 1912b 'What is Logic?', in 1992b, pp. 54-6. 1912c 'On Matter', in 1992b, pp. 77-96. 1914a 'On the Scientific Method in Philosophy', in 1918b, pp. 75-93. 1914b Our Knowledge of the External World, London: George Allen & Unwin (2nd edn. 1926). 1914c 'The Relation of Sense-Data to Physics', in 1918b, pp. 108-31. 1914d 'Mysticism and Logic', in 1918b, pp. 9-30. 1915a 'Ultimate Constituents of Matter', in 1918b, pp. 94-107. 1915b 'Letter on Sense-data', in 1986, pp. 87-8. 1918a 'Manuscript Notes (1918)', in 1986, pp. 247-71. 1918b Mysticism and Logic, London: Allen & Unwin (3rd edn. 1963). 1918c 'The Philosophy of ' (1917-18), in 1956, pp. 175-281. 1919a An Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, London: Allen & Unwin. 1919b 'On Propositions', in 1956, pp. 285-320. 1921 The Analysis of Mind, London: Allen & Unwin. 1922 'Introduction', in Wittgenstein 1922, pp. ix-xxii. 1924 'Logical Atomism', in 1956, pp. 323-43. 1925 'Introduction to the Second Edition', in 1910b, i, pp. xiii-xlvi. 1927a An Outline of Philosophy, London: Allen & Unwin. 1927b The Analysis of Matter, London: Allen & Unwin. 1940 Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, London: Allen & Unwin. 1944 'My Mental Development', in Schilpp (ed.), pp. 1-20. 1945 History of , New York: Simon & Shuster. 1948 Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits, London: Allen & Unwin. 1950 'Logical ', in 1956, pp. 365-82. 1955 'My Debt to German Learning', in 1997, pp. 106-9. 1956 Logic and Knowledge, ed. R. C. Marsh, London: Allen & Unwin. 1959 My Philosophical Development, London: Allen & Unwin. 250 BmuoGRAPHY 1967 The Autobiography of , 3 vols., London: Allen & Unwin (1967-9). 1973 Essays in Analysis, ed. D. Lackey, New York: Braziller. 1983 The collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 1: Cambridge Essays 1888-99, ed. K. Blackwell et al., London: Routledge. 1984 The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 7: Theory of Knowledge: The 1913 Manuscript, ed. E. R. Earns, London: Routledge. 1985 The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 12: Contemplation and , 1902-14, ed. R. A. Rempel et al., London: Routledge. 1986 The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 8: The Philosophy of Logical Atomism and Other Essays, 1914-19, ed. J. G. Slater, London: Routledge. 1990 The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 2: Philosophical Papers 1896-99, ed. N. Griffin and A. C. Lewis, London: Routledge. 1992a The Selected Letters of Bertrand Russell, ed. N. Griffin, 2 vols., Allen Lane: The Penguin Press, vol. 1. 1992b The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 6: Logical and Philoso• phical Papers, 1909-13, ed. J. G. Slater, London: Routledge. 1993 The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 3: Towards the Principles of Mathematics, 1900-02, ed. G. H. Moore, London: Routledge. 1994 The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 4: Foundations of Logic. 1903-05, ed. A. Urquhart, London: Routledge. 1997 The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell, vol. 11: Last Philosophical Testament 1943-68, ed. G. Slater, London: Routledge. Russell's Letters-numbered according to their classification in Russell's Archive at the University of Texas in Austin.

(V)RYLE, G. 1927 'R. Ingarden, "Essentielle Fragen" ', Mind, 36: 366-70. 1929a 'Heidegger's "Sein und Zeit'", in 1971, i, pp. 197-214. 1929b 'Negation', in 1971, i, pp. 1-11. 1930 'Are There Propositions?', in 1971, ii, pp. 12-38. 1932a 'Systematically Misleading Expressions', in 1971, ii, pp. 39-62. 1932b 'Locke on the Human Understanding', in 1971, i, pp. 126-46. 1933 'Imaginary Objects', in 1971, ii, pp. 63-81. 1936 'Unverifiability-by-Me', in 1971, ii, pp. 121-30. 1937 'Taking Sides in Philosophy', in 1971, ii, pp. 153-69. 1938a 'Welcoming Speech', Erkenntnis, 7: 303-6. 1938b 'Categories', in 1971, ii, pp. 170-84. 1939 ''s ""', in 1971, i, pp. 1-44. 1940 'Conscience and Moral Conviction', in 1971, ii, pp. 185-93. 1945 'Philosophical Arguments', in 1971, ii, pp. 194-211. 1946 'Review of Marvin Farber: The Foundations of Phenomenology', in 1971, i, pp. 215-24. 1949a The of Mind, Harmondsworth: Penguin (2nd ed. 1973). 1949b 'Discussion of : ""', in 1971, i, pp. 225-35. BIBLIOGRAPHY 251 1951a 'The Verification Principle', in 1971, ii, pp. 287-93. 1951b '', in 1971, i, 249-57. 1953 'Ordinary Language', in 1971, ii, pp. 301-18. 1954a Dilemmas, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1954b 'Proofs in Philosophy', in 1971, ii, pp. 319-25. 1956a 'Introduction', in A. J. Ayer et al., pp. 1-11. 1956b 'Sensation', in 1971, ii, pp. 336--49. 1956c 'Hume', in 1971, i, pp. 158-66. 1957a 'Final Discussion' (together with A. Quinton and M. Warnock), in Pears (ed.) 1957, pp. 142-63. 1957b 'The Theory of Meaning', in 1971, ii, pp. 350--72. 1958 'A Puzzling Element in the of Thinking', in 1971, ii, pp. 391-406. 1962 'Phenomenology versus ''"', in 1971, i, pp. 179-96. 1964 'Our Thinking and Our Thought', in 1993, pp. 51-65. 1966a Plato's Progress, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1966b 'Jane Austen and the Moralists', in 1971, i, pp. 276-91. 1967 '', in 1971, i, pp. 147-57. 1968 'Paper Read to the Oxford Philosophical Society SOOth Meeting', in 1993, pp. 101-8. 1970 'Autobiographical', in 0. P. Wood and G. Pitcher (eds.), Ryle, London: Macmillan, pp. 1-15. 1971 Collected Papers, 2 vols., London: Hutchinson. 1972a 'Thinking and Self-Teaching', in 1979b, pp. 65-78. 1972b 'Thinking and Saying', in 1979b, pp. 79-94. 1973 'Negative "Actions"', in 1979b, pp. 105-20. 1974 'Mowgly in Babel', in 1979b, pp. 95-104. 1976 'Improvisation', in 1979b, pp. 121-30. 1979a 'Bertrand Russell: 1872-1970', in G. W. Roberts (ed.), Bertrand Russell Memorial Volume, London: Allen & Unwin, pp. 15-21. 1979b On Thinking, Oxford: Blackwell. 1979c 'Adverbial Verbs and Verbs of Thinking', in 1979b, pp. 17-32. 1979d 'Thought and Soliloquy', in 1979b, pp. 33-50. 1979e 'Thought and Imagination', in 1979b, pp. 51-64. 1986 'Conversation with Gilbert Ryle', in Magee, pp. 128-45. 1990 'Logical Atomism in Plato's ', Phronesis, 37: 21-46. 1993 Aspects of Mind, ed. R. Meyer, Oxford: Blackwell.

(VI) STRAWSON, P. F. 1949 'Truth', Analysis, 9: 83-97. 1950a 'On Referring', in 1971, pp. 1-27. 1950b 'Truth', in 1971, pp. 190--213. 1952 Introduction to Logical Theory, London: Methuen. 1954a 'Particular and General', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 54: 233-60. 1954b 'Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations'", in 1974a, pp. 133-68. 1955 'A Logician's Landscape', Philosophy, 30: 229-37. 1956a 'Construction and Analysis', in A. J. Ayer et al., pp. 97-110. 252 BmLIOGRAPHY 1956b 'In Defence of a Dogma' (with H. P. Grice), Philosophical Review, 65: 141-58. 1957a 'Metaphysics' (with H. P. Grice and D. F. Pears), in D. F. Pears (ed.), pp. 1-22. 1957b 'Propositions, Concepts, and Logical ', in 1971, pp. 116-129. 1958 'Persons', Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy ofScience, 2: 330-53. 1959 Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics, London: Methuen. 1960 'Post-Linguistic Thaw', Times Literary Supplement, 6 September (anonymously). 1961a 'Perception and Identification', in 1974a, pp. 85-107. 1961b 'Social Morality and Individual Ideal', in 1974a, pp. 26-44. 1962 'Freedom and Resentment', in 1974a, pp. 1-25. 1964 'Identifying Reference and Truth-values', in 1971, pp. 75-95. 1966a 'Aesthetic Appraisal and Works of Art', in 1974a, pp. 178-88. 1966b The Bounds of Sense, London: Methuen. 1966c 'Self, Mind, and Body', in 1974a, pp. 169-77. 1967 'Analysis, Science, and Metaphysics', in R. Rorty (ed.), The Linguistic Tum, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 312-20. 1969a 'Grammar and Philosophy', in 1971, pp. 130-48. 1969b 'Meaning and Truth', in 1971, pp. 170-89. 1970a 'Imagination and Perception', in 1974a, pp. 45-65. 1970b 'Categories', in 1974a, pp. 108-32. 1971 Logico-Linguistic Papers, London: Methuen. 1973 'Different Conceptions of Analytical Philosophy', Tijdschrift voor Filosojie, 35: 800-34. 1974a Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays, London: Methuen. 1974b Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar, London: Methuen. 1975 ', Logic and ', in RUdiger Bubner et al. (eds.), Semantik und Ontologie, Neue Hefteftlr Philosophie, 8: 1-14. 1977 'Scruton and Wright on Anti-Realism etc.', Proceedings of the Aristote• lian Society, 77: 15-21. 1981 'Comments and Replies', Philosophia, 10: 315-28. 1985 and : Some Varieties, London: Methuen. 1986 'Conversation with Peter Strawson', in B. Magee, pp. 146-64. 1989 E. Pivcevic, 'An Interview with Professor Sir Peter Strawson', Cogito, 4:3-8. 1992a 'Echoes of Kant', Times Literary Supplement, 3 July, p. 12. 1992b 'The Incoherence of ', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume, 66: 139-43. 1992c Analysis and Metaphysics, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1st pub. in French in 1985). 1994 'Individuals', in D. Fl~istad (ed.), Contemporary Philosophy, 7 vols., Dordrecht: Kluwer, i, pp. 22-41. BIBLIOGRAPHY 253

(VII) WITTGENSTEIN, LUDWIG 1912 'What is Philosophy?' (missing). 1922 Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung, London: Kegan Paul & Unwin (2nd edn., trans. D. F. Pears and B. F. McGuinness 1960). 1929 'Some Remarks on ', Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volume, 9: 162-71. 1933 'Letter to the Editor', Mind, 42:415-16. 1953 Philosophical Investigations, ed. G. H. von Wright, and G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell. 1956 Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, ed. G. H. von Wright, Rush Rhees and G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell. 1958a N. Malcolm, Ludwig Wittgenstein. A Memoir, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1958b The , ed. Rush Rhees, Oxford: Blackwell. 1959 'Wittgenstein's Lectures in 1930-33', in G. E. Moore, pp. 252-324. 1964 Philosophical Remarks, ed. R. Rhees, trans. R. Hargreaves and R. White, Oxford: Blackwell. 1965 'Lecture on Ethics', Philosophical Review, 74: 3-13. 1969 , ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, trans. D. Paul and G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell. 1974a Letters to Russell, Keynes and Moore, ed. G. H. von Wright, Oxford: Blackwell. 1974b Philosophical Grammar, ed. R. Rhees, trans. , Oxford: Blackwell. 1976 Wittgenstein 's Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Cambridge 1939, ed. C. Diamond, Hassocks (Sussex): Harvester Press. 1977 , ed. G. E. M. Anscombe, trans. L. McAlister and M. Schattle, Oxford: Blackwell. 1978 Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Oxford: Blackwell (3rd edn.). 1979a 'Notes on Logic', in 1979e, pp. 93-107. 1979b 'Notes Dictated to G. E. Moore in Norway', in 1979e, pp. l08-ll9. 1979c Ludwig Wittgenstein and the , ed. B. F. McGuinness, trans. Joachim Schulte and B. F. McGuinness, Oxford: Blackwell. 1979d Wittgenstein's Lectures, Cambridge, 1932-35, ed. Alys Ambrose, Oxford: Blackwell. 1979e Notebooks 1914-1916, 2nd edn., ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell (1st edn. 1961). 1980a , 2nd edn., ed. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, trans. , Oxford: Blackwell (1st edn. 1977). 1980b Remarks on the , vol. 1, ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell. 1980c Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. 2, ed. G. E. M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, trans. C. G. Luckhardt and M.A. E. Aue, Oxford: Blackwell. 1980d Wittgenstein's Lectures. Cambridge, 1930-32, ed. D. Lee, Oxford: Blackwell. 254 BmuooRAPHY 1981a Ludwig Wittgenstein. Personal Recollections, ed. R. Rhees, Oxford: Blackwell. 1981b Zettel, 2nd edn., ed. G. H. von Wright and G. E. M. Anscombe, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell (1st edn. 1967). 1982 Last Writings in the Philosophy of Psychology, vol. 1, ed. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, trans. C. G. Luckhardt and M. A. E. Aue, Oxford: Blackwell. 1983 'Some Hitherto Unpublished Letters from Ludwig Wittgenstein to ', The Cambridge Review, 23 February, pp. 56-64. 1984a 'Letters to Malcolm', in 1984b, pp. 85-134. 1984b N. Malcolm, Ludwig Wittgenstein. A Memoir, 2nd edn., Oxford: Oxford University Press (1st edn. 1958). 1990 B. F. McGuinness and G. H. von Wright, 'Unpublished Correspondence between Russell and Wittgenstein', Russell, 10: 101-24. 1993/8 Wiener Ausgabe, 5 Bander, Hrsg. Michael Nedo, Wien: Springer. 1997 Denkbewegungen. Tagebucher 1930-1932, 1936-1937, Hg. Ilse Soma• villa, Innsbruck: Haymon.

MS102 MS111 MS103 MS113 MS104 MS152 MS106 TS213 MS107 TS225 MS108

2. Works by Other Authors

AMBROSE, ALICE. 1972. 'Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Portrait', in A. Ambrose and M. Laserowitz (eds.), Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophy and Language, London: Allen & Unwin, pp. 13-25. ANELLIS, I. A. 1987. 'Russell and Engels: Two Approaches to a Hegelian Philoso• phy of Mathematics', Philosophia Mathematica, 2nd ser., 2: 151-79. ANSCOMBE, G. E. M. 1969. 'On the Form of Wittgenstein's Writings', in R. Klibanski (ed.), Contemporary Philosophy, 3 vols., Firenze: La nuova Italia, i, pp. 373-8. ARRINGTON, R. L. 1975. 'Can There be a Linguistic Phenomenology?', Philosophi- cal Quarterly, 25: 289-304. AYER, A. J. 1940. The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge, London: Macmillan. --. 1952. 'Individuals', Mind, 61: 441-57. --. 1954. Philosophical Essays, London: Macmillan. --. 1972. Bertrand Russell, New York: The Viking Press. --. 1977. Part ofMy Life, London: Collins. --. 1983. 'Analytical Philosophy', in A. Diemer (ed.), 16th World Congress of Philosophy, New York: Peter Lang, pp. 45-59. --. 1985. 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Alexander, S. 1 Brouwer, L. E. J. 107,231,242 Ambrose, A. 40 Brown, C. 200 n. Anellis, I. H. 76 n. Budd, M. 74 n. Anscombe, G. E. M. 5, 8, 88,217 Burke, E. 163 Aristotle 23n., 39, 102n., 119, 122n., Burnet, J. 127 125-7, 131, 133, 136n., 140, 142-6, 151-3, 166, 181, 191, 201 n., 224 Candlish, S. 21 Arrington, R. 178 n. Canfield, J. V. 99 n. Austen, Jane 122, 146 Cantor, G. 48, 50, 51 n., 52, 54-5 Austin, J. L. 1-2, 5-8, 10, 40 n., 41 n., Cappio, J. 59, 63 42 n., 112 n., 129 n., 133 n., 135, 139, Carnap, R. 5, 126, 129 n., 131, 153 n., 146 n., 151-85, 189, 191, 193 n., 160 n., 178-9, 189, 195, 215 207 n., 211,215 n., 217 n., 237,240 Carruthers, P. 9 A. Ayer, J. 2, 7 n., 8, 17, 79, 81, 125, Cauchy, A. L. 58 129 n., 152, 153 n., 158-9, 161-2, Cavell, S. 152, 157 n., 159-60, 164 169 n., 179, 189-91 Cerf, W. 164 n. Charlesworth, M. J. 5 Bach, J. S. 150 Chihara, C. S. 59 Bacon, F. 57 Chornsky,N. 150,166,194,203,211 Baker, G. P. 9, 83, 89, 109, 111, 114, Christ, Jesus 42 117-18, 218 n., 224 n., 235 n. Church, A. 4-5 Baldwin, T. 21, 46 Clark, R. 90-1 Bali,S. 19 Coffa, A. 52 n., 58-60, 86 n. Bambrough, R. 106 n. Cohen, J. L. 24 Bedford, E. 181 Collingwood, R. G. 1, 119, 146 Bell,E.T. 77 Condillac, E. B. 192 Bell, D. 225 Cook Wilson, John 6, 119, 151 Bennett, J. 172 n. Cooper, D. E. 100 H. Bergson, 29 Copernicus, N. 103 n. Berkeley, G. 19, 34,45 n., 128, 158, 161, Couturat, L. 15, 49, 57 179, 192-3 Croce, B. 119 Berlin, Isaiah 7, 8, 163 Crombie, I. M. 144 Bernays, P. 4 Crusius, Otto 13 I Biletzki, A. Cudworth, R. 6 Black, M. 4, 5, 126 n., 145 n., 242 n. Cunningham, S. 47 n. Blackburn, S. 230 n. Curry, G. 67 n. Balzano, B. 119 Boole, G. 50, 58, 77 Danto, A. 8 Bornet, G. 50 Darwin, C. 103 n. Borradori, G. 9 Davidson, D. 9-10, 97 n., 125, 134 n., Bosanquet, B. 3 174n., 189, 194,215-16,233, 234n., Boswell, J. 45 n. 235-6, 237 n., 238-9, 241, 244 K. Bouwsma, 0. 129 De Morgan, C. 58 Bradley, F. H. 3, 6, 15, 21, 29, 35, 42 n., Descartes, R. 6, 17 n., 26, 92 n., 122 n., 47, 65, 125, 131, 134, 141-2, 154, 161, 165, Bradley, R. 95 179,200,229 R. Braithwaite, B. 3 n., 4 n., 105 n. Dickens, C. 42, 122 Brentano, F. C. 16 n., 31,91 n.,119, 120 Dickinson, G. L. 17, 57 Broad, C. D. 2 Dilthey, W. 103 n. Bromberger, S. 193 n. Donnellan, K. 64 n. 271 INDEX OF NAMES Dreben, B. 92 Dummett, M.A. E. 1, 8-10,29 n., 59, 63, Hacker, P.M. S. 1, 9-10, 11 n., 83, 109, 65, 73 n., 84 n., 85-6, 97 n., 104, 109, 111, 114, 117-18,235 n. 115-16, 120 n., 125 n., 130 n., 139, Hacking, I. 93, 115 140 n., 148 n., 173 n., 191, 214-44 Hager, P. 58 n. Durfee, H. A. 164 Hale, B. 120 n. Haller, R. 106, 108 Etchemendy, J. 195 n. Hamlyn, D. W. 148 Euclid49 Hampshire, S. 8, 10, 132 n., 152, 162-3, Eudoxus 145 167-8, 198 Evans, G. 9, 63 n., 196 n., 198 n., 235 Hardie, W. F. R. 8 Hare, R. M. 8, 151 n. Farrell, B. A. 5, 6 Hart, H. L. A. 8 Flew, A. G. N. 8, 10, 149 n., 191 Hegel, G. W. F. 21, 24, 47, 81,229 Floyd, J. A. 92 Heidegger, M. 36 n., 119 Fodor, J. A. 126 n., 148 Heijenoort, J. van 115 Foot, P. 8 Heinemann, F. H. 244 n. Foster, J. 9 Helmholtz, H. von 47,71 Frege, G. 3-6, 8-10, 15, 26, 27 n., 35 n., Hempel, C. G. 103, 130 42, 48, 51, 53, 57-9, 62, 65-7, 72, Hertz, H. 97 73 n., 75-7, 84 n., 90, 92, 94, 97 n., Heymans, G. 47 104, 113-16, 120 n., 122, 124-7, 129, Hilbert, D. 4, 227 137 n., 139 n., 143, 147-8, 150 n., Hilmy, S. S. 110, 118 152, 157 n., 163, 166, 168 n., 173 n., Hintikka, J. K. 17, 41 n., 61 n., 83 n., 84, 182n., 184n., 201, 203, 211, 215, 94 n., 100, 105, 106 n., 107, 109, 115, 217-29, 232-3, 234n., 235-7, 240, 116 n. 242,244 Hobbes, T. 192 Freud, S. 18 Holroyd, M. 13 Frigierri, J. 169 n. Horwich, P. 182 n. Hume, D. 18, 32-4, 44, 119, 128, 136, Galileo, G. 131, 142, 150 148,161,193,198,232 Galton, R. 106 Husserl, E. 52 n., 58 n., 91 n., 119-20, Garciadiego, A. R. 53 144 n., 165 Garver, N. 96 n. Hylton, P. 60, 68, 81 Gasking, D. A. T. 118 n. Gauss, C. F. 77 Ilyenkov, E. V. 109 Geach, P. T. 5, 51, 66-8, 76 n., 126 n., Ingarden, R. 119 206 n., 217,219 n., 242 n. Isaacs, N. 165 n., 176 Gellner, E. 29 n. Gentile, G. 119 Jackson, A. C. 118 n. Gier, N. 101 n. James, Henry 61 Gillies, D. A. 53 n. James, Willaim 18, 29, 151 A. Glock, H.-J. 1, 105 Janik, 91 GOdel, K. 56 Joachim, H. H. 29 Goodman, N. 139, 190-1,216,217,225 Johannessen, K. 98 L. Graham, K. 163 Johnson, E. 169 Gramsci, A. 108, 109 Johnson, Samuel 45 Grattan-Guinness, I. 3 n., 56, 58 Johnson, W. E. 6, 39-40, 77, 90, 105 n., Grayling, A. 48 n., 114 151, 152 n. Grice, H. P. 8, 153n., 185n., 188, 191, Joseph, H. W. B. 40, 152, 162 n. 211 Griffin, N. 47,48 n., 49 n., 61 Kaldor, N. 108 Guetti, J. 85 INDEX OF NAMES 272

Kant, I. 10, 13-14, 16 n., 17, 21, 23, 27, ~cGuinness, B. F. 90--1, 92 n., 93, 99, 33, 44, 45, 47, 101, 125-8, 152, 156, 108-9 191-2, 193, 196, 197 n., 216,225 ~cTaggart, J. E. ~. 3, 15-17, 24, 27, Kaplan, D. 60 n., 194 n. 33 n., 40, 42, 139 Katz, J. J. 26, 126 n., 226 ~ehta, V. 129, 169 n., 201 n. Kenny, A. 89, 92 n., 129-131 ~einong, A. 23 n., 65-6, 68, 119 Keynes,J.~.4. 7, 17,20,23,27,108 ~erleau-Ponty, ~. 166 Kienzler, W. 108 n. ~esser, A. 30 Klagge, J. 230 ~ill. J. s. 25, 126 Klein, F. 47 ~onk, Ray 48, 57 n., 73, 107 Kneale, W. 8, 42 ~oore, A. W. 200 n. Koppelman, D. 76 n. ~oore, G. E. 1, 3, 6-10, 13-46, 48-51, Kotarbinski, T. 56 n. 53, 55 n., 57-8, 62, 64--6, 68-9, 70 n., Kovesi, J. 22 n. 74n., 78n., 81,88-94,99, 110, 116, Kremer, ~. 68 n. 122 n., 135, 139, 151-2, 154 n., 155 n., Kripke, S. 60 n., 64 n., 74, 87, 105, 109, 156 n., 157-9, 178 n., 179-80, 182, 241 197 n., 216,223-4, 226 Kiinne, W. 30 n., 120 n. ~oore, G. H. 50, 51 n., 53 n., 54, 57 ~ore H. 6 Lambert, K. 64 ~orrell, 0. 48 n. Lavater, J. C. 105 n. ~uirhead, J. H. 44 Lazerowitz, ~. 5 ~ulligan, K. 195 n. Leibniz, G. W. 49-50, 75, 77, 152, 162, ~urdoch, I. 8 191, 200, 216, 227 n., 244 Leich, C. ~. 83 Nagel, E. 11 Leonard, H. S. 191 n. Nagel, T. 210 n. Lesniewski, S. 56 Niihr, K. 106 Levy, Paul 13, 16, 17 n., 66, 69, 70 n. Narski, I. S. 109 Lewis, C. I. 92 Neurath, 0. 220 n. Lewis, C. S. 8 Newton, I. 137, 142 Lewis, D. 36 n., 172 n. Noonan, H. 9 Locke, John 6, 18, 119, 122-3, 148, 193, Nowell-Smith, P. H. 8, 179 224 Nussbaum, M. C. 146 n. Lotze, R. H. 47 Nyfri, J. C. 163 n. Lukasiewicz, J. 184 Luntley.~.243 Owen, G. E. L. 133 n. Luther,~. 100 Lycan, W. 80 Passmore, J. A. 6, 9, 151 Lyons, W. 148 Paton, H. L. 1, 119, 129, 130 Paul, G. A. 5, 125 n., 135 n.196 ~abbott, J. D. 8 Peacocke,C.9,235 ~acColl, H. 51, 66,77 Peano,G. 15,51-5,57-8,65,75 ~ach, E. 126 Pears, D. F. 10, 22, 63-4, 76, 81-2, 93 n., ~agee, B. 183 n. 94, 95 n., 115, 163, 191 ~akin, G. 52 n., 65 Peirce, C. S. 58, 77 ~alcolm, N. 5, 97, 108-9, 130 n., 161 n., Pelagius 6 189 n. Phaedrus 144 ~arx, Karl 108-9, 144 Pidgen, C. 188 n. ~atar, A. 1 Pitcher, G. 177 n. ~ayer, V. 58 n. Plantinga, A. 42 n. ~cDowell, J. 9, 89,235 Plato 10, 13, 17 n., 86, 104, 119, 126-8, ~cGinn, C. 109, 111 n., 113 133, 143-5, 148, 152, 159, 179, 220, 223,234,242 273 INDEX OF NAMES Pope, A. 146 Schmit, R. 189 n. Prawitz, D. 243 Schneider, H.-J. 100 Price, H. H. 2, 8, 30 n., 158, 161, 179 Schopenhauer, A. 99 Prichard, H. A. 151-153,158,171 n. SchrOder, F. W. E. 58 Priest, G. 54, 199 Searle, J. R. 173, 175 n., 176 n., 209 n. Priest, S. 130 Sellars, W. 232 n. Shaftesbury, A. 146 Quine, W. V. 0. 9 n., 10, 92, 125 n., Shakespeare, W. 104, 150 136 n., 139, 183 n., 184, 188-9, 195, Sidgwick, H. 21, 23,25 204-6,208, 21fr-17, 238,243 n. Sigwart, H. C. 13 Quinton, A. M. 8, 194 Simons, P. M. 73 n., 140 n., 187 n., 195 n., 198 n. Raatzsch, R. 106 n. Skyrms, B. 95 Ramsey, F. P. 3-4, 26 n., 29, 34 n., 36 n., Sluga, H. 222 39-41, 54, 65, 103-4, 105 n., 115, Smith, Barry 195 n. 121 n., 169, 224 n., 240 Socrates 145 Rankin, H. D. 145 n. Spencer, H. 47 n. Rao, B. N. 136 n. Spengler, 0. 106 n. Regan, T. 14,22,43-4 Sraffa, Pierro 104, 108-9, 118 Ricketts, T. 57 Stebbing, L. S. 3, 17, 149 Riska, A. 62 n. Stout, G. F. 39 Rodin, A. 147, 149 Strachey, L. 13, 17 Rodrfguez-Consuegra, F. A. 50, 58, 62, Strawson, P. F. I, 8, 10, 30 n., 36 n., 41, 76 42 n., 64 n., 78, 91n., 120, 124 n., Rorty, R. 42 n., 122 n., 146 n. 125 n., 139, 140 n., 141 n., 157 n., 169, Rosenberg, J. F. 178 n. 182-213, 214-15, 215 n., 216, 232-3, Ross, W. D. 134 n., 151 240 Rossi-Landi, F. 108 Stroll, A. 1 Rousseau, J.-J. 89 n. Stumpf, C. 47 Russell, Alys 48, 49, 57 Sylvester, R. 19 Russell, B. A. W. 1, 3-4, fr-10, 13-15, 17, 21-3, 24n., 26-9, 30n., 31 n., Tarski, A. 182, 215, 236 32 n., 35 n., 38, 42-3, 47-82, 84, Taylor, A. E. 127 86 n., 90-2, 94-6, 97 n., 99, 104, 110, Theaetetus 145 113, 116, 120-2, 124--8, 129 n., Thomae, J. 115 131 n., 135-6, 137 n., 139 n., 140 n., Tiles, C. 197 n. 145, 148, 151, 156, 157 n., 158-9, Tou1min, S. E. 8, 91 n. 163, 165 n., 168 n., 174 n., 183-5, Turner, R. 164 189-90, 197 n., 198, 200 n., 201, 202 n., 203 n., 207, 21fr-17, 223-6, Uebel, T. 129 n. 228 n., 233, 240, 244 Urmson, J. 0. 2, 7-8, 74, 120, 16fr-7, Ry1e, G. 1, 7-8, 10, 19 n., 32,41-2, 78-9, 179 n. 82, 86 n., 89, 119-50, 152, 153 n., 155, Urquhart, A. 69 n. 156 n., 160 n., 167 n., 168 n., 170 n., 177 n., 183 n., 189, 191, 207 n., 209- Van Gogh, V. 88 10,214 n., 215,217 n., 239 n., 240 V anderveken, D. 176 n. Vendler, Z. 148 Sainsbury, R. M. 9, 72 V1astos, G. 144 n. Sahlin, N.-E. 104 n. Sandt, R. A. van der 233 n. wahl, R. 6fr-7 Santayana, G. 29, 57 Waismann, F. 7, 227 Savigny, E. von 83, 86, 97 n. Wang, Hao 57,92 Sayre, P. 238 Ward, James 3, 13 n., 21, 47 INDEX OF NAMES 274 Warnock, C. J. 2, 8, 129, 152, 157-8, 36 n., 37, 39, 40-1, 42 n., 45 n., 48 n., 167, 179 55 n., 57, 61 n., 64, 72-4, 75 n., 76 n., Warnock, M. 8 77-80, 82, 8~118, 120--1, 124, 125 n., Waterlow, S. 69 126-9, 130 n., 132 n., 133 n., 139 n., Weierstrass, K. T. W. 51, 55, 58 142 n., 143 n., 145, 147, 148 n., 149 n., Weininger, 0. 93 n. 150 n., 151, 153-4, 155 n., 156 n., Wettstein, H. 67 160--1, 163, 166, 173 n., 181 n., 183 n., Weyl, H. 4 186 n., 187-90, 193, 197-8, 200 n., Whichcote, B. 6 202 n., 203, 204 n., 205 n., 206, 210-- White, M. 5, 17, 18,26 11, 215, 217-21, 223, 225-30, 235, Whitehead, A. N. 48, 57-8, 75 n., 80, 90, 237-8, 240 n., 242 92, 101 n., 102 n., 228 n. Wolfram, S. 232 Wiggins, D. 201 n. Woolf, Virginia 15, 29, 61 n. Williamson, T. 187 n. Wright, C. 9 Wisdom, A. J. T. D. 4-5, 7, 10, 79, 107, Wright, G. H. von 1, 5, 7, 83 n., 103 n., 133 n., 139 n., 143 n., 145 n., 150 n., 112 155 n., 156, 158, 183 n., 189 Wittgenstein, L. 1, 3-11, 15, 19 n., 22, Za1ta, E. N. 120 n. 23n., 25-7, 29, 30n., 3ln., 32n., Zemach, E. M. 85, 102 n., 209 n. INDEX OF CONCEPTS

In the Index of Concepts the following abbreviations used throughout the book have been adopted: MRTJ for Multiple Relation Theory of Judgements; RTJ for Relation Theory of Judgements; TDn for Theory of Denoting; TDs for Theory of Descriptions; TQ for Theory of Quantification. Many headings and subheadings are followed by the name of an author put in square brackets. This indicates that entries under that heading or subheading pertain specifically to that author. Subheadings in square brackets indicate an entry that does not strictly fall under the heading word, but is of its family. a priori, philosophy as 26: and logic and Strawson on 196-7 mathematics as 101; see also synthetic a aggregates, opposed to units 53 priori agnosticism 28 a priori/a posteriori, dichotomy 7, 225, 227 aletheism 51, 55 f., 58 f., 187 'aboutness' 31-2 'all' 4, 52, 60, 127, 187 abstract, criticism of: analysis 17 concepts 158 of complex perception 62 entities 8 of composits 60 objects 120, 217 n.: Dummett's answer to linguistic 179-80, 181: relations to sub- it217,243 stantial analysis 19, 34 abstraction 226 of logical forms 72 acceptance 132 mathematical47, 58, 243 acquaintance 15, 59, 68, 79, 81 philosophical: as distinction 18 ff., 40; as contemplative [Russell] 15 Russell's conception of 81 an epistemological counterpart of TDs 61, see also conceptual analysis 75 analytic/synthetic Moore uses the term of 28, 35, 35 n. defence of the dichotomy 188 replaced by noticing 64-5 Kant's distinction, is not exhaustive 225 Russell's principle of 60, 63, 68; inspired analytical hermeneutics 10 by Moore 68 Moore's 13, 115: Wittgenstein develops Ryle' s criticism of 131 n. 89 Wittgenstein: allegedly criticises 109; in Russell 68 agrees with 97 n. analytic(al) philosophy action(s) 131, 199 as clarification 26, 124 adverbial account of 147 consists not only of analysis 124 copying 111-12 as New Look Philosophy 10: in Moore identification of 199 16 f., 24, 29, 38 as intelligent behaviour '131 as philosophical logic 14 menta131 as product of the Enlightenment 17 negative quasi- 147 as revolution in philosophy 17, 20 rational, speaking as 239 as scientific method 17 theoryofll0-11, 180 there is one thing in 86, 130 two kinds of 140 see also method, analytical; scholastics actual/potential 13 3 analytical philosophy, history of 119, adjectivals 209 the tum of 1946 in 155 ff. adverb(s) 180 f. its tum to philosophical logic 50 ff. aesthetics 115, 165 analytical schools the interconnection between logic, ethics American analytic philosophy 9: Dum• and 101 mett's studies 216; its rivalry with the 276 INDEX OF CONCEPTS analytical schools (cont.) of mathematics: Frege and Wittgenstein British 214-12; its triumph over the on 218; a ground for accepting the English 139 truths of arithmetic 227 Cambridge Circle: First 3, as Socratean multiple [McGinn] 111 n. Athens 6; Second 3 f.; Third 4 f. of 98 Cambridge School 5 f. appraisals esoteric philosophy, in Cambridge 13 aesthetic 196 Oxford Circle 9, 235 logicall88, 196 Oxford School 8 f.: as Aristotelian Athens apprehension 6; as crypto-Fregean 8 f.; and Dummett of sense-data, as different from knowledge 214-14, 229; the end of the 139; two of propositions 32 groups in the proto- 8; and Wittgenstein as thinking, or knowing 120 9, 118 argument(s) Vienna Circle 8, 126, 152 agonic 144 analyticity, in Moore 26: vs. Frege's 226 common sense 161 anti-abstract philosophy 16 f. from illusion 161 anti-dichotornism 173 Moore on 24: open-question 19 anti-duplicationism paradigm case 162 Ryle's 130, 132, 132 n., 138: uses Wittgen• reductio ad absurdum 13 n., 123 f. stein's tertium quid argument 86 n.; regressus ad infinitum 215 doesn't mean identificationism 141 in Ryle 123, 131 ff., 135, 142 in Strawson 199 tertium quid 87, 238 in Wittgenstein 218 transcendenta148, 192 f.: introduced 193 n. anti- 85 ff. arithmetic 25, 138 anti- in logic, as a motive for Rus• as calculation with numbers 100 sell's logical atomism 81 arithmetcal terms, have logical character 226 anti-realism arithmeticus, homo, man as 226-7 definition 217, 230-1 art(s) degrees of accepting: weak and strong 232 no between language and works forerunners of: Austin 155; Ryle 135, 155 of 107, 115 logical formulation 231 the practice of 138 motives for 231 f. Wittgenstein's seven 101 f., 115 is a research program 231 works of, see aspect; type versions of 230-2 articulation, language is necessarily an 114 anti-speculative philosophy 16 aseptic words 158, 166 antonyms 154 [infected words 153 f., 158, 166] 'any' 52, 60, 187 aspect(s) apophantical knowledge bundle of, the work of art as 196 accepted by Russell 51,56-7,58 f. as forms of objects 95 criticised by Moore 36 n. have no entity 141 appearance(s) 161 the reality of 161 and knowledge 159 aspect-changing, Wittgenstein's problem of and reality 198; replaced by the truth/ 84-5: and Strawson 190 falsehood dichotomy 21 assert, vs.: imply 184; presuppose 194 no sound and smell 198 asserting application is more fundamental than presupposing 232 to agree on, of a description 196 the most-important speech-act 211 of language 111: as the of think• the of 211 ing 227; is identical with thought 218 assertion 230 fallacy 41 INDEX OF CONCEPTS 277 Frege's concept of 182 n. behaviour is superfluous in logic 218 logical, of forms 127 astonishment 104 of objects 94 asymmetry 208, 210 reasoning is intelligent 130 f. between subject and predicate 204 behaviourism atom(s) as reductionism 230 logical 64, 182, 187, 204, 207: different Ryle: his alleged logical 130; distanced types of 81-2; identity of epistemo• himselffrom 147 logical, ontological and 80 being 34-5 physical 133 to have a 66 see also ; the nature of 165 atomic: being qua being fact [Russell] 82; [Strawson] 202 Aristotle on 144 82: analysed 105 in Moore 36 [Dummett] 225 Plato on 127 atomism belief British 22 as different from knowledge 31, 157 cognitive 122 doxastic fallacy 41 conceptual 22 see also attitudes, propositional modal95 bewitchment, through language 114 restored by Moore 22 ff. bipolarity 176 see also logical atomism Bloomsbury Group 17, 27,61 n. attention body by apprehension 38: a central problem in and mind, are separated 131, 199 early analytic philosophy 84-5 our 199 its role for construction and analysis 62 bona mens and TDs 62 in Moore 20 attitudes, moral 212-13 in Ryle 122 n. attitudes, propositional botanising words 165 in Moore 34-5 in Russell: as epistemological forms 74; calculation/contemplation, dualism 100, 150 an exception from his principle of ex• vs. lingua characterica 75, 77 tensionality 75 calculi, Wittgenstein's seven 100--1 in Wittgenstein 98 calculus 14 7 awareness language as, replaced by the doctrine of in Dummett 236, 239, 243 language-games 117-8 Moore's, and Russell's acquaintance 28, logic as [in Cambridge] 6 35 n. reasoning as 196 axiom(s) thinking as 76, 105 of infinity, Black's criticism 4 n. Calvinists, vs. Pelagians 6, 146 of reducibility, Ramsey's criticism 4 Cambridge, vs. Oxford 6 ff., 119, 158 vs. theorems of language 241 'can' 133, 179 f. capacity basic intelligent 132, 134 combination 204, 206 to use a language 237, 241 individuals 188, 191, 194 f., 197 f., 21Cr-17 card(s) semantic type 188, 195 -games 142 statements 179 playing 137 f., 143 see also colour Camap-Ryle thesis 130 f., 153 n. beauty 14, 23, 27 in Austin 160 n. 278 INDEX OF CONCEPTS Camap-Ryle thesis (cont.) (es) formulated 131 collective, vs. distributive [LeSniewski] 56 casuistry 19, 113 -inclusion 53, 55, 58 categorial as individuals 203 vs. grammatical criteria 201, 203-4 Moore on membership in a 36-7 homogeneity 198 rejection of: Frege's 59; Goodman's 217; mistakes 130 f. Russell's 56, 59 categories Russell on 58, 73; as combinations of no final catalogue of 125 terms 52 as logical: forms 125; types 130, 140 similarity of 78 rearranging, of language 207 n. see also paradox Ryle 177 n.: introduces their study 125; 'class', Austin analyses 166 criticises 140 colour(s) 95, 142 Strawson: criticises Ryle's 209; of words absolute 37 and sentences 187, 201, 209; as onto• calculation with 100 logical types 201,203 Moore's analysis of22 f., 25, 28, 30, 37 f. category sentences, vs. hypothetical sentences shades of, as basic individuals 217 130 combination of causal theory of: objects 50: of individual features of 62 action, criticised 133 f. terms: as logical form 67; and denoting perception, criticised 136 phrases 75; see also class time 232 combinatorial theory of possibility 95 71 combinatoric, of structured units 116 cause 128 common sense can come after its effect 232 and Locke 122f. of sense-data 33, 80 as starting point in philosophy 17, 26, 33, certainty 227, 232 178 n. central for Russell 78 common-sense philosophers 158 controversy between Moore and Russell communication on43 definition 96: as interchange of has degrees 78 f. 233 and knowledge 28 in a system: of thoughts 221; of indi• the search for, criticised 156,156 n., 179 viduals (invariant units) 116-8; of change states of affairs 194 helps to distinguish language with particu• linguistic 183, 211: as only one language• lars from language with places/times 202 game among others [Wittgenstein] 220 of our reactive attitudes 212 of senses 220 Wittgenstein on 95 Strawson's priority is 198 channels, quasi- complete the aim of training: to put the agent in 111 analysis 175 as ways 113 [final solutions in philosophy 219] chemical analysis of mind 123 complex chemist, the philosopher as a 124 n. description, predicate 122 chemistry, philosophical 19 perceiving 62 chess playing 125, 136, 138, 145, 148 'complex(es) doesn't express: a meaning 115; a thought composition of, central for TDs 67 227 in Moore 19, 22, 25 , cognitive, see selective search a proposition is a 48 clarifying, the activity of26, 124, 126 and simples 59, 62 f. speech-acts [Austin] 170 in Wittgenstein 84-5, 97 INDEX OF CONCEPTS 279 see also selective search conservatism, philosophical compositionality of Austin 162-3 in moral theory 212 of Wittgenstein 163 n. in Russell 53 n. constructing as Wittgenstein's central problem 85 individuals, in TDn 60 comprehensive a proof, is analogous to experience 243 analysis of all situations 156 reasoning as a process of [Frege] 224-5 list of expressions, there is no 122 see also mathematics speech-act theory 177 constructionalism concept(s) 206, 211 logical 59, 80 as different from: particulars 204; things 52 the reverse side of analysis 81 -formation: basic methods of 243; is constructions, logical creative 243 classes as 59 in Frege 228: are forms 226 physical objects as 80 investigating, through investigating prop• constructivism, in mathematics 231, 243 ositions 130 contact, between: are known universals 81 language and reality 215 have priority over propositions 106 logic and elements 80 conceptual mind and objects 68 anatomy 185 see also picture theory; touch confusions 25: characterise the thinking of contemplation both academy and ordinary man 140 in Moore 15, 23, 27 examination 139, 145 in Wittgenstein's seven arts 101 necessity, there are many types of26 see also calculation/contemplation preconditions of both scientific and every- content: day knowledge are investigated by meta• of judgement 62: is identical with fact 21 physics 191 of perception [Moore] 28 structure 192 of thought [Russell] 75 see also scheme, conceptual context, of sentence's use 183, 185 f., 211 conceptual analysis context principle in Moore: vs. logical fallacies 25-6; as is connected with conceptual analysis 124 distinction analysis 19 discovered by Plato 126; rediscovered by: philosophy as 120, 183, 190 f. Kant 126; Russell 127 in Ryle 122, 124 f.: grounded 120; of both Dummett' s first use of 217 scientific and ordinary thinking 128 in Frege 84 n., 224, 228 conceptualism 243 n. Ryle on: 126 f. concrete Wittgenstein: against 106; for 128 ethics 212 contextual definition 65, 72, 75 individuals, things 39 serves as ground for: TDn 52; TDs 60 conditions contingent, the rules of calculations are 101 of grasping individuals 196 continuity, the problem of 48, 51 f., 55, 70 for identification in space/time 192 continuum 81 onto/logical, of reasoning 195 convention(s) configuration 95, 98 in Austin 155, 172 n., 180 confusions by accepting a pragmatic 112 of causal and 125-6 by using a sentence 183, 211 of the type of speech-acts 170 see also science 200 copula(s) 127 the act of 23, 30 counting 56, 76 stream of 135, 137, 147 280 INDEX OF CONCEPTS counting (cont.) deduction based on the identity of indiscernibles prin• criticised by Ryle 143 ciple 64, 200 n. is the same in all contexts 227 and distinguishing particulars 201 deductive as one-one mapping 78, 228 process, language-constructing as 227 court, words used in 171 reasoning, the mastery of language as 238 craving [Austin] relations, are not the only relations in for generality 153 logic 186 for reduction 179 deep for a term fixing truth 162 vs. surface structure of sentences 195 creative or universal grammar 203 imagination 122 definite descriptions (DDs) 64 picturing 99 help to construct individuals 61 turn, Wittgenstein's 104 ff. vs. non-committal descriptions 198 works 99 see also descriptions, theory of see also concept; imagination definition(s) creativity its elements are organically interconnect• became central in Wittgenstein 107 ed225 of language, is connected with its logical seeking 124 powers 125 theory of60 in mathematics: Wittgenstein on 115 deixis 207 of mathematics 234 denoting, theory of (1Dn) 52, 56, 59 ff., of mind 148 n. 65 ff., 72, 75, 81 in perception 193 is based on Pean