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S.R.S.D. Memorial Shiksha Shodh Sansthan, Agra, India JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, ANALYSIS & DEVELOPMENT A Peer Reviewed Refereed Research Journal ONLINE ISSN-2455-5835 Volume III, Issue I, February 2018, pp. 28-42 UGC Sl. No. 64525 Socio-Economic Study on Ranibahal Village near Canada Dam Abhijit Das Assistant Teacher, Kalitaganj Sarala Sundari High School Kaliaganj, Uttar Dinajpur Abstract Worldwide, dams played a key role in development of a country’s agriculture and economy. They supply water to meet industrial and domestic needs, control floods and generate power. The Massanjore Dam was built in 1956 on river Mayurakshi, located in Dumka, Jharkhand (then Bihar) servers the purpose of controlling flood, irrigation of fields in Jharkhand and supply of 4MW electricity to the state of West Bengal. The area has been experiencing soil erosion due to inadequate forest cover, denudation of forest, uncontrolled grazing. Some program of social and farm forestry were launched but have not made any significant headway. There is lot of scope of pisciculture and tourism in the reservoir area but unfortunately no initiative has been taken in this direction. The study indicates that the dam improved the socio-economic status of the area but environmentally it needs restoration and upgradation for maximum benefits in the area. Keywords: Massanjore Dam. Introdcution Ranibahal Village is situated in Dumka district. Ranibahal is a Village in Dumka Block in Dumka District of Jharkhand State, India. It is located 25 KM towards South from District headquarters Dumka. 23 KM from Purana Dumka. 260 KM from State capital Ranchi. Ranibahal Pin code is 814148 and postal head office is Raghunathpur (Dumka). Banskuli (4 KM), Sadipur (4 KM), Bilkandi (6 KM), Kumirdaha (8 KM), Masanjore (10 KM) are the nearby Villages to Ranibahal. Ranibahal is surrounded by Rajnagar Block towards South, Dumka Block towards North, Sikaripara Block towards East, Masaliya Block towards west.1 Objective: To study the socio-economic study on Ranibahal village near Massanjore. Methodology: Field survey has been done here and the specific questionnaire vis-à-vis observation method have used here. Result and Discussion: Natural division: Broadly speaking the district may be divided in to following 3 physiographic zones JRAD, Vol. III, Issue I, Feb. 2018 ONLINE ISSN-2455-5835 1) The hilly portion: It covers about 38% of the total area. It extends as a continuous chain of about 100 miles from the Ganges at Sahibganj to the southern boundary of the district. It is made up of discontinuous hilly ranges and valley and includes whole of the Damin-i- koh at the Dumka subdivision. The hills are occupied by scattered settlements. 2) The rolling county: It contains long ridges with intervening depressions. It covers of the area. 3) The flat country: It consist of a boring of low land between the Ganges and the hills. It is largely cultivated and is susceptible liable to annual inundation. Beginning at the north- west corner of the district (Tappa Manilari) it forms a narrow continuous strip of alluvial soil.2 The relict of and in the description in explanation of the land forms. A particular seeking to analyses the nature of relief, various methods have been used in drawing in some of the profiles. A number of parallel lines should be drawn on the map. Care have been taken to touch the important features profile have been drawn at an interval of two on the toposheet of the study area with the help of proper scale. All the profile drawn separately may be arranged in one column representing a serious from one and of the map to their other Map 1: Relative Relief Zone Map Map 2: Average Slop Zone Map (Base on smith’s method map no.73, p8) It is often important to relate the altitude at the highest and lowest points in only particular area that is to ascertain the amplitude at available relief. This method has been developed by G.H. smith who used the term relative relief or local relief. Relative relief is so known as amplitude at relief or local relief which present actual variation of altitude is a unit of area with respect to its local base level. In this method the topographic sheet is divided into rectangles of 5 minutes of latitude and longitude. In reach rectangle the differences between lowest and highest elevations are marked and plotted on a small scale base map. The isopleth line is drawn to depict the variations of relative heights of the map. Our study areas 4 district zone of relative relief. Socio-Economic Study on Ranibahal …. 29 | P a g e JRAD, Vol. III, Issue I, Feb. 2018 ONLINE ISSN-2455-5835 1. Low relative relief zone: This zone has an altitude of below 400. It lied in the north- western portion of the regions. 2. Moderate relative relief zone: It varies from 400-800. It covers the southern portion and small portion of northern part. 3. High relative relief zone: It amounts about 800-1200. It is situated in the middle position encircling the very high relative relief zone. 4. Very high relative relief zone: It amounts about 1200-1600. The zone is situated in the middle of the map.3 Through not pioneer in devising the method of average slope determination, went worth. C,K is the first person who devised a general and random method of determine average slope over an area from a map. He covered the contour map of the area with an east-west, north-south grid. Then he counted all contour crossing and tabulated them. Thus the average number of contour crossing per mile is obtained. The following is the formula for determine the average slop. Where N = number of average contour crossing per, mile, I = contour interval. After analysis the slop of the study area it is observed that the slop of the configuration ranging between so to above 10 degree. The isopleths map have been drawn to depict the variations in the angle of slope over the different parts of the area. The variation in slopes in different areas shown on the slope zone map. Geological Map Of The Study Area Geologically the Massanjore dam sites is situated on granitic rocks belonging to the Chhatanagpur granitite series. This is most striking in the sense that the surrounding tracts are composed of gneissic rocks. A fairly large trap dyke of basaltic rock (Rajmohal series) with a thickness the river bed. Another relatively small pagmatic vein also traverses across the river valley. This bed rocks consists of a complex assemblage of acidic and basic members traversed by a pegmatic vein. A thin layer of alluvial mainly of fluvial origin also found on the bed. Below Socio-Economic Study on Ranibahal …. 30 | P a g e JRAD, Vol. III, Issue I, Feb. 2018 ONLINE ISSN-2455-5835 this another bed of variable thickness of weathered rocks also found however in most cases fresh rocks mainly granite has been found below to10 to 20 depth. The granite of the region is found medium. They are sometimes highly jointed while massive greatest are also found in one or two places. Joints are mainly oblique and closely spaced along the right bank of the river course grained paraphyritic granite is also found. This rock contains oblique and vertical joints under microscope, it shows a unique assemblage of acid plagioclase quartz ferromagnesian minerals, orthoclase, altered hornblende, ignite and iron one. Here the individual crystals of orthoclase, hornblende and quartz are so big that can be easily identified with unaided eye. Along the control part of the main valley, trap dyke of basic rocks (Basalt and Dolerite) are exposed these are slightly weather greenish black rocks. With very fine grained in nature. This is lightly crystalline rocks under microscope the basic rocks shads on assemblage if sine to medium grained pelagic lase, cugite, hornblendes, and a little too little magnetite and garnet perhaps, this is the product of basic instruction during the period of the great have to of the Rajmahal series. It is interesting to note that such type of basic trap Dykes are also very common throughout the study area, particularly along the northern side of the study area. A well-developed pegmatite vein also found on the river bed. The pegmatite is composed of large crystal of quartz and pink fields per some crystal are found well developed. The pegmatite is well mosaic but some joint planes are also found. Like trap Dykes pegmatite veins are also very common is the entire study area. This very course texture acid rocks of plutonic origin are similar to that of the chhotonagpur region of Bihar. Under microscope, it shows relatively less perfectly, developed quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblendes. Thus the Massanjore dam site offer geologically a unique site for the construction of a safe dam. The only weakness, geologically in the presence of oblique and vertical joints in depth. In our study area we found three types of drainage pattern. Such as trellis pattern, dendritic pattern and radial pattern. Drainage pattern refers to the particular plane or design which the individual stream courses collectively from. In the northern plant it is the trilling pattern. This pattern displays a system of sub parallel streams. In the middle part of the area we find radial pattern. Here the system diverging from a central elevated area. They developed on domes, volcanic cones and various other types of isolated comical hills. In the south western part of the study area rivers from dendritic pattern. They general slope of the area in from North West to south east.

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