Government of Jharkhand
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GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND Engineer-in-Chief-cum-Member Secretary Programme Management Unit Public Disclosure Authorized State Water & Sanitation Mission Drinking Water & Sanitation Department Ranchi, Jharkhand Doranda Market (Pani Tanki Campus), Doranda, Ranchi Phone: 0651-240920, 9431171291 Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Assessment & Environmental Management Framework For the World Bank Assisted Water Supply Project in Selected Districts of Jharkhand Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT JULY-2013 Public Disclosure Authorized ENV Developmental Assistance Systems (India) Pvt Ltd B-5/131, Indira Nagar, Lucknow- 226018 Phone: 0522-2310576/77 E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.dasindia.org Study on Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for The World Bank assisted water supply project in the selected Districts of Jharkhand Environmental Assessment & Environmental Management Framework for The World Bank Assisted Water Supply Project in Selected Districts of Jharkhand TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION SUBJECT PAGE NO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A - G CHAPTER44TU - 1U44T 1 - 6 1 INTRODUCTION44T 44T 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 JHARKHAND STATE WATER AND SANITATION MISSION 1 1.2.1 MAIN OBJECTS 2 1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY 2 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 2 1.5 THE STUDY AREA 3 1.6 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY 3 1.6.1 APPROACH 3 1.6.2 METHODOLOGY 3 1.6.2.1 DATA COLLECTION AND REVIEW 3 1.6.2.2 SAMPLE HABITATIONS FOR FIELD STUDY 4 1.6.2.3 SITE VISITS 5 1.6.3 METHODS FOR DATA COLLECTION 5 1.6.4 TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION 5 1.6.5 CONSULTATIONS 6 1.6.5.1 FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION 6 1.6.5.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION / DISCLOSURE WORKSHOPS 6 CHAPTER44TU - 2 U44T 7 - 22 2 RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION IN JHARKHAND : POLICY, REGULATORY 7 FRAMEWORK & PROGRAM 2.1 RWSS AT THE NATIONAL CONTEXT 7 2.2 SECTOR REFORM PROJECTS 8 2.3 SWAJALADHARA 8 2.4 SUB – MISSION PROJECT (SMP) 9 2.5 TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN 11 2.6 REGULATORY AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 12 RD 2.6.1 THE 73P P AMENDEMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA AND JHARKHAND 12 PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT 2001 2.6.2 NATIONAL WATER POLICY 13 2.6.3 NATIONAL WATER MISSION ON CLIMATE CHANGE 13 2.6.4 JHARKHAND STATE WATER POLICY 2011 13 2.6.5 GUIDELINES FOR GROUND WATER USE 14 2.6.6 THE WATER (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1974 14 2.6.7 THE WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) CESS ACT, 1977 14 2.6.8 THE AIR (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT 1981 14 2.6.9 THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986 14 2.6.10 THE EIA NOTIFICATION OF 2006 15 2.6.11 THE WETLANDS (CONSERVATION NAD MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2010 15 2.6.12 THE HAZARDOUS WASTES ( MANAGEMENT, HANDLING & TRANSBOUNDARY 15 MOVEMENT) RULES, 2008 2.6.13 BIO MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULES, 1998 15 Page | i Study on Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for The World Bank assisted water supply projects in the selected Districts of Jharkhand 2.6.14 MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING RULES 2000 15 2.6.15 E WASTE (MANAGEMENT & HANDLING) RULES, 2011 16 2.6.16 EIA MECHANISM AND WILDLIFE CLEARANCES 16 2.6.17 WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT, 1972 16 2.6.18 FOREST CONSERVATION ACT, 1980 16 2.6.19 THE INDIAN FOREST ACT, 1927 16 2.6.20 THE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ACT, 2002 17 2.6.21 WORLD BANK SAFEGAURD POLICIES 17 2.6.22 PERMISSIONS, CLEARANCES AND INSTITUTIONS 19 2.7 SECTOR INSTITUTIONS 20 2.7.1 CONVERGING INSTITUTIONS 20 2.7.1.1 NODAL INSTITUTIONS: DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION DEPARTMENT (DWSD OR 21 DDWS) 2.7.1.2 PROPOSED WORLD BANK ASSISTED PROJECT 21 CHAPTER44TU - 3 U44T 23 - 70 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 23 3.1 INTRODUCTION 23 3.2 AN OVERVIEW OF JHARKHAND: HISTORY 23 3.3 GEOGRAPHY OF JHARKHAND 23 3.3.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 23 3.3.1.1 LOCATION 23 3.3.1.2 ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP 24 3.3.1.3 DEMOGRAPHY 25 3.3.1.3.1 POPULATION (CENSUS 2001) IN LAKHS 25 3.3.1.3.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS 25 3.3.1.4 IRRIGATION POTENTIAL 26 3.3.1.5 NATURAL RESOURCES 26 3.3.1.5.1 FOREST & WILDLIFE 26 3.3.1.5.1.1 INTRODUCTION 26 3.3.1.5.1.2 LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STATE 26 3.3.1.5.1.3 FOREST COVER 26 3.3.1.5.1.4 FOREST COVER IN TRIBAL DISTRICTS IN JHARKHAND 27 3.3.1.5.1.5 REASONS FOR CHANGE DETECTED IN 2011 ASSESSMENT 28 3.3.1.5.1.6 FOREST COVER OF THE STATE IN DIFFERENT ALTITUDE ZONE 28 3.3.1.5.1.7 FOREST COVER IN DIFFERENT FOREST TYPES 28 3.3.1.5.1.8 TREE COVER 29 3.3.1.5.1.9 GROWING STOCK 29 3.3.1.5.1.10 BAMBOO 29 3.3.1.5.2 IMPORTANT PLANTS 29 3.3.1.5.3 WILDLIFE 29 3.3.1.6 MINES & GEOLOGY 30 3.3.1.7 INFRASTRUCTURE 30 3.3.1.7.1 ROAD 30 3.3.1.7.2 ALL WEATHER AND METAL ROADS 30 3.3.1.7.3 HEALTH 30 3.3.1.8 INDUSTRIALISATION 31 3.3.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY 31 3.3.2.1 FORMATION 31 3.3.2.2 DIVISIONS 31 Page | ii Study on Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for The World Bank assisted water supply projects in the selected Districts of Jharkhand 3.3.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY 31 3.3.3.1 RANCHI PLATEAU 31 3.3.3.2 PAT REGION 31 3.3.3.3 HAZARIBAGH PLATEAU 32 3.3.3.4 KODERMA PLATEAU 32 3.3.3.5 SIMDEGA-SINGHMBHUM UPLANDS 32 3.3.4.6 MANBHUM AREA 32 3.3.3.7 PALAMU PLATEAU 32 3.3.3.8 RAJMAHAL PLATEAU 32 3.3.3.9 DAMODAR VALLEY 33 3.3.4 RIVER BASINS OF JHARKHAND 33 3.3.4.1 EAST FLOWING RIVERS: 33 3.3.4.2 NORTH FLOWING RIVERS: 33 3.3.4.3 SOUTH EAST FLOWING RIVERS: 33 3.3.5 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF JHARKHAND 34 3.3.6 GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES 34 3.3.7 CLIMATE 36 3.3.8 ECOLOGY 36 3.3.8.1 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS 37 3.3.8.2 DROUGHT AND OTHER HAZARDS 37 3.3.8.3 WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES RESERVE FORESTS 38 (A) HAZARIBAGH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY 38 (B) PALAMU NATIONAL PARK 38 (C) BETLA NATIONAL PARK 38 (D) DALMA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY 39 (E) PALAMAU TIGER RESERVE 39 (F) TOPCHANCHI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY 39 3.4 AGRICULTURE 40 3.4.1 AGRICULTURAL & LAND HOLDINGS 41 3.4.2 SOILS 41 3.4.3 LANDUSE PATTERN 42 3.5 WATER RESOURCES IN JHARKHAND – AN INTRODUCTION 43 3.5.1 STATUS OF SURFACE WATER IN JHARKHAND 43 3.5.1.1 MAJOR STREAMS OF JHARKHAND 43 3.5.1.1.1 BRAHMANI RIVER SYSTEM 43 3.5.1.1.2 SUBARNAREKHA RIVER SYSTEM 43 3.5.1.1.3 DAMODAR RIVER SYSTEM 44 3.5.1.1.4 AMANAT & ANURANGA RIVER SYSTEM 44 3.5.1.1.5 BARAKAR AJOY & MAYURAKSHI RIVERS 44 3.5.1.1.6 WETLANDS OF JHARKHAND 44 3.5.1.1.7 MAJOR WETLAND TYPES OF JHARKHAND 44 3.5.1.1.8 DISTRICT WISE WETLAND STATISTICS & MAPS 45 3.5.1.1.9 IMPORTANT WETLANDS OF JHARKHAND 46 a. UDHWA LAKE (BIRD SANCTUARY) 47 b. GETALSUD RESERVOIR 47 c. TILAIYA RESERVOIR 48 d. KONAR RESERVOIR 48 e. TENUGHAT RESERVOIR 49 f. MASSANJOR RESERVOIR 49 Page | iii Study on Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for The World Bank assisted water supply projects in the selected Districts of Jharkhand 3.5.2 STATUS OF GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY 49 3.5.3 DISTRICT WISE STATUS OF AVAILABILITY & QUALITY OF GROUND WATER 50 3.5.3.1 AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY 50 3.5.3.2 DEPTH OF WATER & DISCHARGE 53 3.5.3.3 GROUND WATER MAPS OF JSAC 55 3.5.3.4 SUMMARY 55 3.5.4 DRINKING WATER & SANITATION 56 3.5.4.1 RURAL WATER SUPPLY THROUGH PIPE LINE 56 3.5.4.2 URBAN WATER SUPPLY THROUGH PIPE LINE 56 3.5.4.3 ARSENIC AND FLUORIDE TREATMENT 56 3.5.4.4 COVERAGE & TYPES OF SOURCES 56 3.5.4.5 CURRENT WATER SUPPLY AND TREATEMENT PLAN 57 3.6 SANITATION 58 3.6.1 QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES 59 3.6.2 TOTAL SANITATION CAMPAIGN 60 3.6.3 ISSUES IN SANITATION 60 3.6.4 PROFILE OF DISEASES CAUSED BY POLLUTANTS IN JHARKHAND 60 3.6.4.1 THE POLLUTANTS 60 3.6.4.2 PROBLEM OF ARSENIC: 61 3.6.4.3 CONTAMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE 62 3.6.4.4 INCREASING POLLUTION IN THE RIVERS 62 3.7 THE PRIMARY VILLAGE LEVEL DATA 63 3.7.1 INTRODUCTION 63 3.7.2 DRINKING WATER 63 3.7.3 WATER TREATEMENT 64 3.7.4 DEFECATION PRACTICES 65 3.7.5 HAND CLEANING 65 3.7.6 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL 66 3.7.7 WASTE WATER DISPOSAL 67 3.7.8 SALIENT POINTS OF VILLAGE DATA 67 3.7.9 CONCLUSION OF FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION / PUBLIC CONSULTAION 69 CHAPTER44TU - 4 U44T 71 - 82 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT APPRAISAL & ASSESSMENT 71 4.1 KEY PARAMETERS 71 4.2 APPRAISAL 71 4.3 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 73 4.3.1 IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF JHARKHAND 73 4.4 THE PRIMARY DATA 74 4.4.1 ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT – ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 74 4.4.1.1 DRINKING WATER 75 4.4.1.2 SANITATION 77 4.4.1.3 AVAILABILITY OF DATA 78 4.4.1.4 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY 79 4.5 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 79 4.5.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IDENTIFIED 79 4.5.1.1 POTENTIAL POSITIVE OR BENEFICIAL IMPACTS 79 4.5.1.2 POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS 80 4.5.1.3 POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 80 4.5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 81 Page | iv Study on Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for The World Bank assisted water supply projects in the selected Districts of Jharkhand CHAPTER44TU – 5 U44T 83-106 5.