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Memoirs, by Albert Speer Barbara Miller Lane Bryn Mawr College, Blane@Brynmawr.Edu Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College Growth and Structure of Cities Faculty Research Growth and Structure of Cities and Scholarship 1973 Review of Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs, by Albert Speer Barbara Miller Lane Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/cities_pubs Part of the Architecture Commons, History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Custom Citation Lane, Barbara M. Review of Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs, by Albert Speer. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 32 (1973): 341-346. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. http://repository.brynmawr.edu/cities_pubs/26 For more information, please contact [email protected]. 341 Violette, Gallo di Siena, Engelsberger, ical will to power we will create stone Negro Marquina. The author remarks documents."I As early as 1920, when the Skilledstonemasons and stonecarversare that most of the names are now unfamiliar Nazi movement had hardly begun, Adolf now difficultto find, and there are few in Vienna and unknown abroad. Hitler made this statementto his assembled books in print on these hard crafts.The The author also discussessome virtually audience at the Hofbraiuhausin Munich. Stonesof the ViennaRing, subtitled Their extinct nineteenth-centurycrafts: the Mar- From that time forward, until Berlin was Technologicaland Artistic Significance, is an morierer("marblers") boasted that their crumblingin ruinsaround him, Hitler con- extraordinaryvolume. artificial veined marble could not be dis- sistently repeated his promise to create a The authoris an EmeritusProfessor of tinguished from real marble in the same new monumental architecture,one which Geology at the ViennaPolytechnic who room; the Punktierer("pointers") did all would leave "stone documents" of the becameinterested in buildingstones about the hard carving for the eminent sculptors "thousand-yearReich." fifty yearsago. He was activeas a consul- who modelled statuary in clay and never Other authoritarianrulers were lavish tantto preservationistsof architecture,and wielded hammer and chisel in their lives. patrons of architecture.Often they sought he eventuallybecame a formidableauthor- The second part of the book gives con- to embody the idealsof their regimes in the ity in his interdisciplinaryfield. (The six- cise data and excellent descriptionsof some forms of the buildings they commissioned. teen-pagebibliography of thepresent book 460 buildings. The public and private But no other regime ever made so much of includesthirty-three books and articles by buildings of the Ring were enriched with its architecturein propaganda and public ProfessorKieslinger, published between muscular telamons, voluptuous caryatids, relations.None, for that matter,had a frus- 1929and 1972.)His expertisewas particu- and other sculptural decoration. The au- trated architectas dictator, a former archi- larly valuableafter World War II when thor treats sculpture as an integral part of tect as principalideologue,2 or a successful many buildingsin Viennawere damaged architecture.The Ring is a veritable out- architectas ministerof armamentsand war by bombingor artilleryand had to be re- door museum of statuary, and more than production. Hitler's admiration for archi- storedor razed.Clambering about black- loo monuments and fountainsare also de- tects and architecturewas unbounded. His enedwalls, the authorwas ableto identify scribed here. desire to create a personal, but lasting, hundredsof kindsof stoneand brick and to The illustrations are without doubt monumental architecture was a passion makeappropriate recommendations. among the finest architecturalphotographs which sometimeseven overrode his love of The volumeis dividedinto a "Technical ever published. It is evident that Elfriede conquest, to which it was closely allied. Part"and a "DescriptivePart." The first Mejcharalways found the preciseplace and The publication, in 1969 and 1970, of partdiscusses materials and methods which time of day at which the bold relief of Albert Speer'smemoirs3 has renewed pub- are rarelymentioned by architecturalhis- these buildings shows to best advantage. lic interestin these and other aspectsof the torians.In nineteenth-century Vienna there This is an original, scholarly,and beauti- Nazi regime. Aside from Rudolf Hess, still was a hierarchyof wall construction.In ful book. It was also a labor of love. serving his life term in Spandau prison, ascendingorder: Speer is the only surviving wartime inti- 1. BrickWall. Called in Viennaby the mate of Hitler; he was, for a time, the sec- pejorativename Rohbau("raw construc- In the October 1970 JSAH this reviewer ond most powerful man in the Third Reich. tion"). Used only for utilitarianbuildings wrote about the first volume of this series: But as the dust has settled, it has become like factoriesand stables. "On the evidence of this introductoryvol- apparentthat Speer'slengthy memoirs re- 2. BrickWall, stuccoed. The most com- ume and the announced program, Die veal surprisinglylittle about the mechanics mon type of construction.Often trimmed WienerRingstrasse is a monumental work of Nazi government. Scholars have ob- with stone. of relevanthistorical scholarship. It should served so many gaps in his account of the Brick 3. Wall,facedwith stone slabs. Only be of outstanding value and interest to all operation of his ministry as to shed consid- the brick is load-bearing.Similar to the serious students of nineteenth-century ar- erable doubt on the whole.4 Speer's char- Americanbrownstone house. chitecture and civilization." acterizationof Hitler as a man both forceful 4. StoneAshlar, backed with brick.Both The two volumes under review have and modest has helped to explain to a stoneand brick are load-bearing. kept the promise. broad popular audience in this country StoneWall. On 5. theRing only the Vo- JOHN MAASS Hitler's appeal to his followers, although tive Church,Opera, University,Parlia- City of Philadelphia ment, City Hall, and Burg Theaterwere entirelybuilt of costlycut stone. Hundredsof kinds of building stone 1. BarbaraMiller Lane,Architecture and Politics were broughtto Vienna,not only fromall in Germany,1918-1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), partsof the Austro-Hungarianmonarchy p. 147 fn. 3. but alsofrom Italy, Germany, France, Bel- 2. Alfred Rosenberg. Albert Speer,Inside the ThirdReich; Me- 3. (1969) and Inside the Third Sweden, and Their Erinnerungen gium, Spain. very moirs,trans. from the German Richard Reich(1970). The English edition is more than a nameshave a rich,romantic sound-Ros- by and ClaraWinston, Introduction by Eu- translation:it omits a number of details present marino,Brocatello, Porto Venere,W6l- in the German edition and includes a few new gene Davidson,New York: Macmillan, lersdorfer, Savonnibre,Grotto Chiaro, passages.Unless otherwisenoted, page references 1970, xviii+ 596 pp., illus. $12.5o hard- in the notes below are to the version. Bardiglio, Margaretener,Rouge Royal, English back,$1.95 paper. 4. See, for example, Felix Gilbert, "The Dy- Breitenbrunner,Sankt Philippiner, Polce- namics of Nazi Totalitarianism,"Social Research, vera,Nalresina Galleria, Seravezza Brache "Outof ournew ideologyand our polit- XXXIX(1972), 191-203. 342 R7; "' 4* .... 3 , -~....?~-? ? r-; s.? :I r? ?; r ??%~t; 'it. Fig.3. Speer,studio for sculptorJosef Thorak(from Speer, Neue Deutsche Baukunst). Fig.2. Speer,New Chancellery,Berlin (fromSpeer, Neue Deutsche Baukunst). chelangesque.6If, on the otherhand, one confinesoneself to best-knownand Dance Dresden- Speer's Fig. 1. Tessenow, School, mosteffective the of Hellerau,before World War I (fromRittich, work, complex party at Architekturund Bauplastik der Gegenwart). congressgrounds Nuremberg,Speer's young, respectful,and eager to learnfrom talentappears to be thatof a stage-designer Hitler's earlier favorite, Paul Ludwig ratherthan an architect.Much of the this characterizationhas been familiar to Troost,who diedin 1934.He saystoo that, dramaof the Nurembergbuildings result- of as scholars for years from other memoirs. althoughHitler's architectural ideas were ed from the use flags quasi-architec- tural Speer's memoirs have also been much sometimesa littlegrandiose for his taste, he elements(Fig. 8); Speer'singenious of at also touted as a study in self-analysis,and cer- sharedwith bothHitler and Troost a fond- arrangement searchlights night the tainly a truthfulaccount of the motivations ness for Neo-classicalstyles, modernized helped to createexcitement among in the of a leading Nazi officialwould be good to andbrought up to date.Speer's own liking participants NurembergCongresses. But the executed have. Yet Speer's introspections,then and for Neo-classicismwas acquired,he says, among principal works, thenew Chan- now, never go much beyond banal trivi- partlyfrom his fatherand partly from his theparty congress grounds, for ality: teacherand supervisor at the BerlinTech- cellery(Fig. 2), the Germanpavilion nischeHochscule, Heinrich Tessenow. theParis World's Fair of 1937(Fig. 6), and In memoirs writingthese I becameincreasingly Someof thisis true: the little-knownstudio for sculptorJosef astonishedto realizethat before 1944 I so rarely surely Speer'syouth -in factalmost never-found the time to reflect does seem to have appealedto Hitler,as Thorak(Fig. 3), thereare commonand
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