Tales from Darfur's Heritage

VOL 07 • NO 02

Tales from Darfur’s Heritage: An interview with Ibrahim Ishag Ibrahim

My First 150 days as uNaMid Jsr - direct dialogue, The only Way To Unamid Provides Protecti on achievements and Challenges Resolve Inter-Communal Conﬂ icts to Newly displaced Persons in East darfur in sortony, North darfur

aFriCaN uNioN - uNiTEd NaTioNs hyBrid MissioN iN darFur (uNaMid) Vol. 7 • No. 2 IN THIS ISSUE

Editor-in-Chief NEWS Carlos Araujo EDITOR-IN-CHIEF NOTE pAGe 8 DIDC Implementation Committee Editor pAGe 2 JSR Tours the Mission’s Sector I’M pleAseD to introduce the June 2016 I’m also quite pleased to introduce, in this Discusses Recommencement of the Locality- Musi Khumalo Headquarters Across Darfur issue of Voices of Darfur, which contains edition, the Photo Story which is a collec- level Dialogue Associate Editors news, features and interviews not only about tion of photographs showcasing patrols pAGe 4 DJSR-Protection Leads Integrated Ala Mayyahi unique aspects of life in Darfur but also conducted by the Mission’s Military and Po- Mission to Anka, North Darfur pAGe 9 Commemoration of International Day about UNAMID’s ongoing efforts to facili- lice components across the region in con- for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Staff Writers tate lasting peace in the region. formity with the Mission’s protection of pAGe 6 Handing over of Peace Centre in Abu Action Salah Mohammed In the interview, “My First 150 Days as UN- civilian’s mandate. Karinka, East Darfur Mohamad Mahady AMID JSR - Achievements and Challenges” Finally, in our cover feature, “Tales from pAGe 10 A Library of Peace in Darfur Mr. Uhomoibhi talks about achievements he Darfur’s Heritage”, voices of Darfur pAGe 7 No Child Soldiers– Protect Darfur has made and challenges faced during his presents an interview with a renowned Graphics & Design Campaign Launched in West Darfur Mutaz Ahmed fi rst four months as Head of UNAMID. Darfuri Writer, Ibrahim Ishaq Ibrahim, The article “Direct Dialogue, the Only Way where he speaks of his published nov- Photographers to Resolve inter-communal Confl ict in East els, his views on the literary production Hamid Abdulsalam Darfur” refl ects the Mission’s mediation ef- in Darfur and the role that literature can Mohamad Mahady forts with the local communities in the vil- play in bringing peace to Darfur. INTERVIEW PROTECTION MEDIATION lages and localities in East Darfur. As Voices of Darfur continues to evolve 12 18 22 Contributors In the article “UNAMID Provides Protec- as a news magazine, we welcome your Zurab Elzarov tion to Newly Displaced Persons in Sortony” feedback. To send comments by email, Martin Uhomoibhi’s UNAMID Provides Direct Dialogue, the we describe UNAMID support to thousands please put “Letters to the Editor / voices Translation fi rst 150 days as Protection to Newly only way to resolve Nabil Mohamed of displaced persons who fl ed their villages of Darfur” in the subject line and send Displaced Persons Rindala Eid and sought refuge near the Mission’s Team the email to: UNAMID JSR— inter-communal Eltahir Nourain Mohammed Site in Sortony, North Darfur. [email protected]. Achievements and in Sortony, North Alawad Alawad confl icts in East Ahmad Ibrahim Challenges Darfur Abdalla Abdulraheeem carlos Araujo Darfur Adam War Chief Communications & Public Information Section

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PUBLICATIONS UNIT Communications and Public Information Section (CPIS) - UNAMID Email: [email protected] Website: http://unamid.unmissions.org The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Martin Ihoeghian Bintou Keita Jeremiah Nyamane Lieutenant General Priscilla Makotose UNAMID concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning Uhomoibhi (Nigeria) (Guinea) Kingsley Mamabolo Frank Mushyo Kamanzi (Zimbabwe) the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Renowned Darfuri Writer Ibrahim Ishaq Rakubat Aba Salih is broadcast on radio Al Joint Special Deputy Joint (South Africa) (Rwanda) Police Content in this publication may be freely quoted or Ibrahim, in Khartoum, Sudan. Mr. Ibrahim Salam 98:0 FM in Khartoum and 7.2MHz, 41 Representative/ Special Deputy Joint Special Force Commander Commissioner reprinted, provided credit is attributed to UNAMID. Representative- highlighted the Darfuri heritage in most of Meter Band SW in Darfr daily from 8:30 - 9:30 Joint Chief Mediation Representative- his novels . Photo by Mohammad Noureldin. and repeated from 14:00 - 15:00 Protection Political

VOICES OF DARFUR • JANUARY 2016 1 NEWS

On 6 May 2016, UNAMID’s Joint Special Repre- sentative (JSR), Martin Uhomoibhi, concluded a five-day visit to the Mission’s Sectors across Darfur. During his tour, Mr. Uhomoibhi met with local authorities, internally displaced persons, native administration leaders, refugees as well as UNAMID staff and members of the UN Country Team. In the picture, the JSR addresses South Sudanese refugees at Khor Omer camp near El Daein, East Darfur. Photo by Hamid Abdulsalam, UNAMID.

ry armed movements joining the peace efforts to bring peace to Darfur. The following day, the JSR visited Nyala and met the state authorities. He then visited Kalma camp for the internally displaced where he met with the residents and urged them to exercise re- straint in the wake of a recent shootout in the camp’s market by unidentified armed men and assure them of UN- AMID’s commitment to their protection. He also discussed with UNAMID Sector South leadership ways of augmenting the Mission’s protection efforts to meet the needs of the population we serve in South Darfur, particularly the displaced women and children who tend to bear the brunt of such attacks. Additionally, he listened to demands from the IDPs for additional patrolling and support to community policing projects in the camp. In El Daein, the final leg of the JSR’s visit to the sectors, he met with the Wali of East Darfur as well as native administration leaders and urged them to work in mutual cooperation to resolve long- standing tribal conflicts in the state. He reiterated UNAMID’s readiness to do its utmost to support these reconciliation efforts within its capability. Mr. Uhomoibhi also visited the Khor Omer camp near El Daein where thousands of South Sudanese refugees have sought shelter on account of the past period of views on UNAMID’s mandate and his vide accurate and truthful reports re- instability which South Sudan had expe- JSR Tours the Mission’s Sector Headquarters efforts as Joint Chief Mediator in rela- flecting the reality on the ground. rienced. He held a popular conference tion to the Darfur peace process. The second leg of the JSR’s tour was attended by the South Sudanese refugees First the JSR visited Zalingei and to El Geneina. After a formal call on the and interacted extensively with their trib- Across Darfur met with the acting Wali (Governor) Acting Wali and state officials, Mr. Uho- al chieftains and the relief agencies op- As part of his meetings with senior During his visit, Mr. Uhomoibhi held curity authorities) , internally displaced and state officials of Central Darfur moibhi and his delegation visited Ar- erating in the camp. Ambassador Uho- UNAMID officials, state authorities, and formal meetings, consultations, popu- persons (IDPs) refugees and their rep- and discussed with them the Mission’s damata camp for the displaced in West moibhi commended the efforts of East the local community, UNAMID’s Joint lar conferences and discussions with a resentatives, native administration and mandate and the impact of the ongoing Darfur and met with the camp’s residents Darfur State in hosting their South Su- Special Representative, Martin Uhomoibhi, broad spectrum of Darfuri entities, in- community leaders (nazirs, umdahs and fighting in Jebel Marra on the state. In in a popular conference. He shared with danese neighbors and observed that this visited Zalingei, Central Darfur, El Gene- cluding with key state authorities (Gov- chieftains) as well as UNAMID staff this connection, the JSR raised the issue Ardamata residents his recent mediation is one more reason that Darfur should ina, West Darfur; Nyala, South Darfur, El ernors of States, Government of Sudan and members of the UN Country Team of access restrictions and their negative efforts as Joint Chief Mediator and un- have peace in order to turn from a trou- Daein, East Darfur; between 2-6 May 2016. military and police officials and State se- in the sectors, in order to exchange impact on the Mission’s ability to pro- derlined the importance of non-signato- bled region into a safe resort. V

2 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 3 NEWS

On 24 January 2016, UNAMID’s Deputy Joint Special Representative-Protection, Bintou Keita, visited Anka and Umm Rai, in North Darfur. The mission aimed at ascertaining the protection and humanitarian needs of the community living there following attacks on their villages on 3 December 2015. Ms Keita interacted with members of the displaced population who spoke about their concerns regarding the lack of food, shelter, water resources and medical facilities. Photo by Hamid Abdulsalam, UNAMID.

In Anka Central, a conglomeration of 30 villages with 20,000 residents, 14 of which have reportedly been torched, the DJSR and her delegation met with some 600 community members, mostly women and children, many of whom highlighted the pressing need for humanitarian assistance, especially food, water, shelter and medical facilities. The team also observed that more than 80 per cent of the village had been burnt to ashes. In Umm Rai, a cluster of 50 villages with a population of some 25,000, eight villages were reported to have been burnt. Some 650 community members had gathered to meet the visiting team and spoke about their dire need of food and water resources. Women were observed to have been feeding their young infants raw millet and sorghum. Additionally, Ms. Keita and the team visited Anka ‘B’ village, a cluster of 20 villages of which seven were completely burnt down. More than 2000 people were assembled here and they requested UNAMID for urgent humanitarian interven- tion. Moreover, they expressed their deep concern regarding the insecure conditions in the area and requested The team consisted of members from surrounding areas who revealed that the Mission to set up a team site to DJSR-Protection leads Integrated UNAMID’s Civil Affairs, Protection of most of their livestock was looted protect them from further attacks. Civilians, Human Rights and Communi- while their houses and markets were The integrated team recorded ev- Mission to Anka, North Darfur cations and Public Information sections, burnt down by unidentified armed idence of burnt houses in all three lo- a representative from UN OCHA and a attackers. Following this, they said, cations they visited. Upon their return UNAMID’s Deputy Joint Special Umm Rai, 60 kilometers south-east of to verify reports of mass displacements Government of Sudan official. the majority of villagers living in the to El Fasher, they have put an action Representative-Protection, Bintou Keita, UNAMID’s team site in Kutum, North in the area following attacks by uniden- The team met with community vicinity had fled to the nearby hills plan into place to provide emergency led an integrated mission to Anka and Darfur. The objective of the mission was tified armed men on 3 December 2015. leaders from Anka, Umm Rai and for shelter. relief to the affected populations.

4 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 5 NEWS NEWS Handing over of Peace Centre in Abu No Child Soldiers– Protect Darfur Campaign Karinka, East Darfur Launched in West Darfur

UNAMID’s Child Protection Unit distributed vests inscribed with messages promoting protection of children, on 2 May 2016, at the launch ceremony of the Darfur-wide campaign aimed at raising awareness on the need to end recruitment and use of child soldiers, at Krinding (1) Camp for the displaced in El-Geneina, West Darfur. Photo by Elsadig Daud, UNAMID. On 2 May 2016, UNAMID`s Child addition, UNAMID CPU briefed the in- In his remarks, the Youth Leader in Protection Unit (CPU), launched a Dar- ternally displaced persons (IDPs) on the Krinding (1) IDP Camp, Mr. Ahmed fur-wide campaign, under the theme: seriousness of violating children’s rights Mohamed Issa, explained that some of “No Child Soldiers – Protect Darfur” and urged the community to discourage the children, after observing the vulner- at Krinding (1) Camp for internally dis- their children, below 18 years of age, ability of their families, decide to join the placed persons (IDPs) in El-Geneina, from enlisting into the armed forces or armed groups as a way of seeking pro- West Darfur. The campaign, aimed at armed groups and to report any forms tection through the arms they legally ob- raising awareness on the need to end of abuse or violations of child rights to tain when they are recruited. “None of UNAMID’s Civil Affairs team in East Darfur, handing over of a peace centre to the Ma’alia Native Administration, on 28 March 2016, in Abu Karinka, East Darfur. The initiative was part of the Mission’s Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) programme designed to support the local the recruitment and use of child sol- Child protection officers and local au- us would love to see his/her child in the community. Photo by Abdulrasheed Yakubu, UNAMID. diers by armed groups and armed forc- thorities for investigation. armed forces or with armed groups, but es across the region, brought together Addressing the gathering, UN- as IDPs, people feel deep pain when our On 28 March 2016, UNAMID’s gramme designed to support the local Mission for its initiative and pledged his more than 90 participants including, AMID Child Protection Unit Team women and children go to farms, collect Civil Affairs Section, Sector East, hand- population and cultivate the culture of office’s commitment to increase support women and youth groups, children Leader in West Darfur, Mr. Paul Bugun- firewood or water and they are harassed” ed over a peace centre to the Ma’alia peace through mediation, consultation to the native administration and to work and local community leaders including ya, stated that the “No Child Soldiers– Mr. Ahmed added. Native Administration in Abu Karinka, and negotiations. closely with UNAMID components for Sheik of Sheikhs (prominent leaders) Protect Darfur” campaign is in line Speaking of behalf of the women East Darfur, in the presence of the lo- The Deputy Nazir of the Ma’alia, the local community. of the Camp. with the Mission’s mandate to protect in Krinding (1) IDP Camp, Ms. Sadia cality commissioner, the Deputy Nazir Ibrahim Bashir, stated that the project The UNAMID representative, Tahir During the launch ceremony, the civilian and emphasised that the cam- Ahmed, noted that poverty is one of (leader) of the Ma’alia, the Humanitarian is the first of its kind in Abu Karinka Cevik, reaffirmed the Mission’s support Mission distributed vests inscribed with paign is not only aimed at putting an the key drivers in child recruitment into Aid Commissioner, representatives from and thanked UNAMID for its efforts to Darfuri communities through native messages that promote the protection of end to the recruitment and use of chil- armed forces or armed groups in Darfur. women’s groups and youth unions and to support peace and stability between administration and local authorities and children and discourages adults against dren by the armed groups and military UNAMID Child Protection Unit in- members of the local community. the Ma’alia and the Rezeigat tribes. reiterated the importance of peaceful di- the use of these children as child soldiers forces, but also to ensure that children tends to roll-out this “No Child Soldiers The construction is part of the Mis- In his remarks, the locality commis- alogue as a foundation for intercommu- and copies of the definition of child sol- are afforded an opportunity to grow – Protect Darfur” campaign throughout sion’s Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) pro- sioner, Usman Gazim, commended the nal peace and development. ider according to Paris principle 2007. In and attend school. the region in the next few months.

6 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 7 NEWS NEWS DIDC Implementation Committee Discusses Commemoration of International Day for Mine Recommencement of the Locality-level Dialogue Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action

UNAMID Ordnance Disposal Office in Zalingei, handed over sewing machines and a power generator, on 5 April 2016, to the disabled women The Darfur Internal Dialogue and Consultation (DIDC) implementing committee held a meeting, on 18 April 2016, at UNAMID in the area to help them start small-scale income-generating projects. The event was part of the commemoration of the International Day Headquarters in El Fasher, North Darfur. The meeting was attended by UNAMID’s Deputy Joint Special Representative - Protection, for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action. Photo by Mohammed Idriss Mohammed, UNAMID. Bintu Keita. Photo by Salah Mohammed, UNAMID. On 5 April 2016, UNAMID Ordnance Office, Ms. Yousra Elgorayeb stated that commemorative event and also extended his On 18 April, the Darfur Internal Chairman of the DIDC Implementation that the IDPs have actively participated Disposal Office (ODO), Sector Central, Unexploded Ordnance (UXOs) continue gratitude to the Mission’s ODO for its con- Dialogue and Consultation (DIDC) Im- Committee, Sidig Wadah, expressed his in the dialogue processes in all the five in collaboration with the [Sudan] Nation- to pose a threat to the safety and security of tinued efforts in raising UXO injury or death plementation Committee held a meeting appreciation to UNAMID for its efforts states in Darfur. He encouraged all par- al Ordnance Disposal Office (NODO) Darfur communities. She further explained risk awareness amongst vulnerable commu- at UNAMID Headquarter in El Fash- in supporting the DIDC implementa- ties to implement the recommendations commemorated the International Day for that 22 people have been injured and 15 nities. He added that risk awareness creation er, North Darfur. The meeting, attend- tion process and reaffirmed the Com- and the outcome of the locality level Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine killed as a result of UXO accidents in Cen- is essential for any process of development, ed by UNAMID Deputy Joint Special mittee`s readiness to work closely with meetings. “We would like to emphasize Action under the Theme: “Mine Action is tral Darfur since 2005. “There are different prosperity and stability to take effect. Representative, Protection, Bintu Keita, the Mission to implement the remain- the importance of discussing the return Humanitarian Action”. The event, which types of unexploded devices in Darfur, Addressing guests at the same event, Chairman of the DIDC Implementa- ing phases of the dialogue. of the IDPs to their places of origin and took place in Zalingei, Central Darfur, some of which, unfortunately, look like chil- the SAF representative, Colonel Hamza tion Committee, UNAMID DIDC Sec- Ambassador Osman Dirar, a mem- the strengthening of the social fabric in was attended by State Ministers of Social dren’s toys. These unexploded remnants of Mohammed Ali, emphasised the impor- retariat and Implementation Committee ber of the DIDC Implementation Com- Darfur. I also call upon the non-signatory Welfare, Youth and Sports, UNAMID conflict not only pose a direct risk to civil- tance of awareness creation and under- Members, discussed modalities for the mittee, later stated that the meeting had rebel movements to join peace talks in an Officials and representatives from differ- ians, but are also an indirect obstruction in took to work jointly with UNAMID to recommencement of the second phase discussed the continuation of the locali- effort to achieve comprehensive peace in ent local organizations, GoS Police and the delivery of humanitarian aid, they pre- conduct risk awareness activities in many of the locality-level dialogue and consul- ty level dialogue in all Darfur states. “We Darfur,” Omda Hassan added. Sudan Armed Forces (SAF). vent the return of refugees and internally parts of central Darfur. tation process to be held in the five states appeal to the donor community to ful- In 2015, around 21 consultations During the event, UNAMID handed displaced people, and prevent farmers from UNAMID’s ODO personnel contin- of Darfur in early May, 2016. fill its budgetary commitments and im- were conducted at the locality-lev- over 12 sewing machines and a 20 KVA cultivating their land” Ms. Yousra said. She ue to work closely with other UNAMID Addressing the opening session, mediately release funds to facilitate the el across Darfur, in addition to four generator to the Disabled People Organi- added that UNAMID’s ODO personnel in components, the United Nations Chil- DJSR Bintou Keita, highlighted the im- completion of the consultation process,” meetings held in the Sudanese capital, zation. The project is part of ODO’s effort Central Darfur have assessed more than 300 dren’s Fund (UNICEF), international portance of stimulating dialogue at the he added. Ambassador Dirar also com- Khartoum for the Darfuri community to provide socio-economic support to dis- square kilometers of land, more than 2,000 and local nongovernmental organizations grassroots level in all parts of Darfur, in mended the active participation of the residing in the city. These consulta- abled people who run small-scale income kilometers of roadways, declaring them (NGOs), and Government institutions to conformity with the Doha Document Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and tions have focused on the root causes generating projects in the area. The colour- ordnance-free, destroyed 4500 UXOs and help raise awareness in the reduction of for Peace in Darfur (DDPD). Ms. Keita refugees in the DIDC dialogue and con- of the conflict in Darfur including the ful event included a military musical band, trained more than 100,000 people in how to risk of injury from unexploded ordnance expressed the Mission’s readiness to consultation process. inter-communal clashes, power and drama performances, music concert and recognize and mark UXOs. in the Mission’s Area of Responsibility. tinue to support the implementation of The Head of the Coordination Office resource sharing, justice and reconcili- a friendship football match between UN- In his remarks, National Ordnance UNAMID organized similar events to the DIDC process to achieve peace, sta- for IDPs in South Darfur, Omda Has- ation processes. Plans are underway to AMID and AL-Hilal Football Club. Disposal Office (NODO) representative mark the Day in El Daein, East Darfur; El bility and development in Darfur. san, who is also a member of the DIDC conduct 26 locality-level meetings in all Speaking at the event, the Offi- in Sector Central, Mr. Shamsedein Eltyeb, Geneina, West Darfur; Nyala, South Dar- Speaking at the same occasion, the Implementation Committee, confirmed states of Darfur in the near future. cer-in-Charge of UNAMID Sector Central commended UNAMID for organizing the fur; and Zalinei, Central Darfur.

8 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 9 NEWS

Left to right, Xima Awada Yakub (4 years) 1 and her sister Zamai, are pictured reading books at the newly restored library at the Cultural Center in El Fasher (North Darfur). UNAMID sponsored the rehabilitation of the library with more than140,000 Sudanese pounds . Photo by Albert González Farran, UNAMID

The newly restored library at the Cul- 2 tural Center in El Fasher (North Dar- fur). UNAMID sponsored the rehabilitation of the library. Photo by Albert 3 González Farran, UNAMID

improve the standard of the library and will serve as a learning and training center for our boys and girls, kids and even 2 the elderly in the community.’’ The success of the project has proved that public libraries in Darfur have great potential for bringing peace and stability in the war-torn society through improved access to education, cultural heritage and knowledge development. However, lack of sufficient technical and financial support, and poor access to information services and facilities limit the capacity of public libraries in Darfur to reach and provide effective services to the local community members. The implementation of the project was a model of successful cooperation between the peacekeeping mission (UN- AMID), the Government of Sudan (State Ministry of Culture, Sports and Youth), 1 3 UNICEF, civil society organization and the personnel of the public library. The enthusiasm, motivation and aspiration to restore the effective functioning of the Darfur, enhancing peace, and promoting up to 50 users on a daily basis and library and the subsequent delivery of ing education and expanded opportuni- by promoting the culture of peace and its services to the people was remarkable A Library of Peace in Darfur ties for all citizens of Darfur. non-violence, it has gradually became a and represented a critical success factor By Zurab Elzarov The rehabilitation of the library and library of peace in Darfur. for this important initiative. In March 2016, a library rehabilita- ry and writing, the library, and a gener- large rooms which are available for vari- the provision of necessary equipment The project closure and handover The project has clearly demonstrat- tion project in El Fasher, North Darfur, al activities department, which includes ous types of social events. and furniture was funded through two ceremony turned into a large festive ed the need to explore continuously the implemented through UNAMID’s Quick handicrafts and languages. The Centre The library is a popular recreation, of the Mission’s Quick Impact Projects event for the people in North Darfur innovative and inventive interventions Impact Projects (QIPs) programme was offers language, music and other types education, knowledge development and (QIPs) and was implemented through state. The ceremony, attended by the to help communities recovering from shortlisted by the London Book Fair In- of classes for a small fee in order to raise interaction spot, and in the interest of a local non-governmental organization. local authorities, UNESCO representa- the consequences of violent conflicts ternational Excellence Awards 2016 for funds, and occasionally organizes hand- reviving the cultural and intellectual leg- UNICEF has also made a contribution tives, UNAMID officials, women and foster peace and resolve conflicts of the Education Initiatives Award. icraft sales. It is also affiliated with El acy of the people of Darfur, UNAMID through the provision of a children’s youth associations and local community different natures. It is important to en- The El Fasher Cultural Center is Fasher’s own movie cinema, which is in rehabilitated the building and funded playground, generator and maintenance members; it included traditional music courage national and international ac- located in the outskirts of the bustling need of rehabilitation. the project which provided computers, of the Cultural Centre. The project cre- performances, a drama representation by tors in post-conflict settings to promote central market, and includes a theatre, The Cultural Centre houses a small audio equipment, furniture, and more ated a new learning environment and the “Ashorooq As Salam” theatre group a culture of peace and non-violence at music room and a public library. The public library collection. There is a small than 20,000 new books with the over- improved the standards of the library. It and photo and art exhibitions. Mr. Ibra- the grass-roots level in conflict affected Cultural Centre has eight departments: English-language book section, donated all objective of stimulating the cultural now functions as a learning and training him Abbaker, General Secretary of the areas through, inter alia, revitalization of art and painting, folklore, music and by the British Council, and a children’s activities as a way to address the root center, primarily for the youth and even El Fasher Cultural Centre, which houses public libraries which are often seen as bands, drama, children and youth, poet- section. The library includes several causes of instability and violence in the elderly. The library is currently serv- the library, noted that “the project will the key factors for a positive change.

10 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 11 INTERVIEW

On 29 May 2016, UNAMID Joint Special Representative, Martin Uhomoibhi, pre- sided over the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers ceremony held in the Mission’s liaison office in Khartoum, Sudan. In the picture, Mr. Uhomoibhi pays tribute to UNAMID peacekeepers who lost their lives in the line of duty. Photo by Ahmed Abdelrazik, UNAMID. ductivity. I consider my first few months to be more than fulfilling as far as my relationship with the Government of Sudan is concerned. VOD: Could you tell us a bit about your initial impressions of Darfur and its people? JSR: One of my biggest priorities has been meet with the people of Darfur. The Mission is here to serve Darfuris and, keeping this in mind, I have toured four sectors in the region, and visited camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) to see for myself what it means to be an IDP. Of course, the major pillar of our responsibilities here is the protection of civilians. One needs to go to these camps to see face-to- face what it feels like to be displaced, to suffer the pangs, the agonies, the tortures, the pains of living in camps without any certainty as to what tomorrow will offer. What security do they have, except that of- fered by UNAMID personnel? It has been up and down, mixed reac- tions, mixed feelings that I have on these situations, but UNAMID is a mission Martin Uhomoibhi’s first 150 days as UNAMID ‘‘One of the first things I tried to do as JSR was worth doing and I am grateful to all those to work towards building confidence and trust who have supported me in my first 150 days. For the rest of my tenure here, I will JSR—Achievements and Challenges between UNAMID and our host authorities. continue to count on this invaluable sup- I thought this was a major challenge when I port, the cooperation of our hosts, the un- UNAMID’s Joint Special Representative speaks to Voices of Darfur about his objectives as the derstanding and the empathy of all those Head of the Mission, his strategic vision to achieve UNAMID’s mandate and the challenges he has initially arrived in Darfur.’’ who ensure that UNAMID survives and does what it can as a responsibility for the experienced in Darfur. discharge our responsibilities in all the pil- meetings with the Sudanese Foreign Min- people of Darfur. lars defined for the Mission – political me- ister. I think this is a new development. I VOD: What challenges has the Mission, By Musi Khumalo diation and providing support to distribu- have been received by His Excellency, the and you personally, faced in implementing Mr. Martin Uhomoibhi as- first 150 days or so at the helm of UN- tried to do as JSR was to try to build con- tion of humanitarian goods and services. President of Sudan, which is, in my opin- the Mission’s mandate? How have you ad- sumed his duties as UNAMID Joint Spe- AMID? What noticeable progress has the fidence and trust between UNAMID and We now have that. The next step, having ion, an extremely magnanimous gesture on dressed those challenges? cial Representative/Joint Chief Mediator Mission made since you took office? our host authorities. I thought this was a built that trust and having established good his part. I have also been received a cou- JSR: Well, as a Mission, we have seri- for UNAMID in early January, 2016, fol- JSR: I assumed my duties as JSR on 6 major challenge when I initially arrived in communication, is to begin to ask for all ple of times by the Director General of ous challenges. By definition, the concept lowing his appointment by the UN Secre- January 2016. My first 150 days have been Darfur. I am happy to assure you now that those things we need to work better. the National Intelligence Security Services of a hybrid mission pre-supposes that tary General and Chairperson of the AU eventful, to say the least. The situation on we have a good conversation ongoing be- VOD: How has the Government of (NISS). Additionally, I have held other you have a hybrid situation. The mandate Commission. In this interview, JSR Uho- the ground is challenging but, I believe, tween the Mission leadership and the Gov- Sudan responded to your arrival? strategic meetings with numerous govern- is complex. The conflict is complex. The moibhi speaks of the achievements and the Mission is up to the task. These first ernment of Sudan, at the highest level. We JSR: I remain extremely grateful to our ment functionaries; I feel this approach has solutions are complex. The environment challenges of the first few months of his few months have been devoted to working have also put in place appropriate mecha- host authorities for the warmth, generosi- placed us in good standing to advocate on is challenging, complex in itself. So, it is tenure and reflects on the prospects for with my team to define our objectives as a nisms to facilitate this objective. If we do ty and friendship I have enjoyed since my access to areas of conflict which have been a mixed bag of difficulties and intricate, peace in Darfur. Mission and find a strategic way to achieve not have a conversation, we cannot have arrival. I have been here for just over four previously denied to the Mission and paved multi-layered issues. However, UNAMID VOD: How would you describe your these objectives. One of the first things I meaningful mediation and meaningfully months and have had no less than four the way for us to work with greater pro- is affirmative in its approach to the situa-

12 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 13 INTERVIEW

On 27 April 2016, UNAMID Joint Special Representative, Martin Uhomoibhi, briefed the AU Peace and Security Council (AUPSC), in Addis Ababa, on the situation in Darfur and the Mission’s activities. The meeting was chaired by the Ambassador of Algeria to Ethiopia and the AU, Abou Bark Hefny Mah- moud. Photo by Orlando Bama, AUPSC.

tion. If Darfur was free of trials and trib- ulations, the Mission would not be here in the first place. As long as challenges exist, what defines you, what makes you feel you have achieved something of worth at the end of it is how well you overcome those challenges. I want to assure everyone that difficulties will not daunt us and with the kind of cooperation we are getting from all, including our principals and all stakeholders, we hope to attain sustainable peace for Darfur at the end of the day. VOD: How are you handling the persistent issue of access restrictions faced by the Mission? JSR: This question really summarises the challenges I spoke of: access denials to areas where UNAMID is desperately needed and the containers that are held up in Port Sudan for months without clearance. These are serious issues. We cannot under-estimate this at all because no food rations. I will share with you a per- rest on our laurels until we get remaining so that in times of crisis, UNAMID patrols under the Status of Forces Agreement sonal experience—a couple of weeks ago, requested visas issued. In the course of ‘‘As a Mission, we have serious challenges. By are able to respond and protect civilians. (SOFA), the Mission is supposed to have during my visit to the sectors, one of the this year, because of our pressure and definition, the concept of a hybrid mission pre- This should be underscored in any conver- unfettered access across Darfur. However, tyres of the vehicle I was riding in, which the good rapport that exists between the sation on this matter. This is complement- on the ground, we have significant access was supposed to be the safest around, Mission and the host government, we are supposes that you have a hybrid situation. The ed of course by around-the-clock patrols challenges, particularly in the Jebel Marra exploded as we headed for the Ardamata now getting subsequent visa applications mandate is complex. The conflict is complex. conducted by UNAMID in these gather- area where there are ongoing military op- IDP camp in West Darfur Thankfully, no issued even for staff in sensitive areas ing sites to ensure adequate protection of erations between government forces and one was injured. Some of the cars that we such as Human Rights where visas were The solutions are complex. The environment is the newly displaced. armed movements. Such access issues are driving are over used. The tyres we use not issued before I came on board. VOD: Mediation and reconciliation, mean that we have not been able to carry have overstayed at the port and when you This is not to say we have gotten to challenging, complex in itself.’’ aimed at preventing and mitigating in- out our essential function of support to use them, they are like ‘time bombs.’ I want where we want to be. We want to ensure the beginning of this year alone. How is are hoping that access issues will become ter-communal conflicts across Darfur, is a the distribution of humanitarian aid by hu- to plead with our host authorities to see that all those who legitimately apply for UNAMID protecting and assisting these a thing of the past and the Mission’s man- core mandate for UNAMID, and for you manitarian actors, particularly in areas that how they can facilitate the speedy release visas here, get them without any impedi- displaced persons? What challenges are date can be implemented by removing keeping in mind your role as Joint Chief Me- are felt to be strictly under military activity. of the UNAMID supplies held at the port. ment. The bigger picture here is more im- you facing in this regard? obstructions in the path of UNAMID diator. What progress has the Mission made Having said that, I would like to reiter- VOD: Could you tell us about the visa portant than the visa issue; as visas should JSR: The crisis in Jebel Marra erupted personnel to enable them discharge their towards fulfilling this aspect of its mandate? ate that we are working with all the parties denials faced by the Mission and its ef- not pose a challenge to anybody, any- in early January, as you mentioned, and responsibilities fully. JSR: Mediation is key to our mandate to develop a comprehensive access strategy fect on operations? where who wants to work for UNAMID. continues at lower level until now. The In terms of the Mission’s response to as you rightly mentioned. Since I came on to enable us implement our mandate. JSR: Regarding visa issuance, I must The Mission is a neutral, impartial body consequence of the Jebel Marra conflict is the Jebel Marra conflict, I am proud of board, I have been working very hard on VOD: You mentioned that containers say we have good news. We have made set up by the United Nations and African that it led to the displacement of tens of the collaborative way in which UNAMID this at my level as the JSR and at the local with essential supplies for the Mission are some considerable progress; when I Union, of which the Sudan is a member. thousands of innocent Darfuris. This has and the UN Country Team have worked level through our Civil Affairs Section. At held up in Port Sudan. Could you shed came on board in January, we had a list So it cannot be detrimental to the inter- really escalated the number of IDPs in our during this crisis to provide essential assis- my level, I held a meeting in Debre Zeit, some light on this issue? of 97 rejected visa cases. I reviewed this est of Sudan to have people who come to region. Beyond that, we have had prob- tance such as water, medical care and other Ethiopia, with leaders of two non-signato- JSR: Currently, another critical issue for list and prioritized 29 of them since some work for UNAMID. This is the message lems in Sortony and Tawilla, North Darfur. needs, for the displaced. UNAMID peace- ry armed movements, Minni Minawi and us is the prolonged delays in the release of of the selected staff had gone on to find we are trying to carry through. These are the most critical areas for those keepers have been providing protection to Gibril Ibrahim in January, just before the UNAMID food ration containers in Port other jobs on account of the delay. As VOD: Jebel Marra is indeed a hotspot who want to deliver humanitarian services the people at the IDP gathering sites. We annual African Union Summit. After that, Sudan. We are almost back to the crisis level of today, we have since had 20 of the for the Mission in terms of conflict. Thou- and for our peacekeepers who want to also have mechanisms in place in these I had another meeting in Addis Ababa re- we were at last year when peacekeepers had 29 visa applications granted. We will not sands of people have been displaced since offer protection to displaced civilians. We gathering sites that provide early warning cently in April to carry forward some of

14 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 15 INTERVIEW

On 30 May 2016, UNAMID Joint Spe- 1 cial Representative and Joint Chief Mediator, Martin Uhomoibhi, started consultations in Doha with the Deputy Prime Minister of Qatar, Ahmed bin Abdullah Al-Mahmoud, and the leaders of two non-signatory movements: Gibril Ibra- him of the Justice and Equality Movement and Minni Minawi of the Sudan Liberation Army. The two-day meeting is aimed at ex- ploring the possibility of the two movements joining the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur. UNAMID photo.

2 On 9 May 2016, the 11th meeting 2 of the Implementation Follow-up Commission of the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur was held in Khar- toum, Sudan. It was chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister of the State of Qatar, H.E. Ahmed bin Abdullah Al Mahmoud and hosted by Mr. Martin Uhomoibhi, UNAMID Joint Special Representative. Also seen in the picture are Ibrahim Kamara, the AU representative (extreme left) and Salah Halima, the Arab League representative (extreme right). Photo by Hamid Abdulsalam, UNAMID.

On 10 March 2016, UNAMID’s Joint 3 Special Representative, Martin Uhomoibhi, attended the closing ceremony of a week-long peace activity, organized by the Mission’s Com- munications and Public Information Sec- tion, in Korma camp for the displaced, North Darfur. The event, held under the 1 3 theme, “Partnership for peace: Dignity for all,” included sports tournaments, a musical concert as well as traditional dances. It was attended by community leaders, youth and women’s representatives, residents of the camp and UNAMID staff. Pho- to by Hamid Abdulsalam, UNAMID.

the things we had agreed upon in Debre VOD: The Government of Sudan is ing from all parties that UNAMID’s exit UNAMID is doing incredible work; the Mission achieves the objectives that but have to live under makeshift tents Zeit and I look forward to a third meeting seemingly vocal about the need for UN- should be smooth, orderly and on the basis there is no doubt about this. I think even brought it here in the first place, the in- and sheds that they call home. in Doha, Qatar very shortly. AMID to exit from Darfur, since according of clear AU-UN-endorsed benchmarks. the Government acknowledges this. How- terest of all stakeholders are met, includ- We must not talk to them about peace. All of these meetings are aimed at two to the media reports, they believe that peace Nevertheless, let me also say here ever, there must come a time when a mis- ing the safety and security of the more We must encourage them and provide things: to ensure that those who are not has returned to the region. What is the that the discussion on exit strategy does sion that comes to a place must discuss than two million people reported to be the means to enable them to enjoy their signatory to the Doha Document for Peace Mission’s position in this matter and what not mean UNAMID is being asked to how it leaves. That is the spirit. living in the IDP camps. fundamental right to peace and to free- in Darfur (DDPD) buy into the process, processes are in place to tackle this issue? leave tomorrow. The relevant section At the moment, this conversation VOD: Where do you see Darfur in dom. This is our collective responsibili- and, secondly, to ensure that we come to JSR: There has been progress on the of the UN Security Council Resolution is on-going. There is a Joint Working the next five years? ty. We need to make life worth living for some kind of an agreement on the cessa- road to peace, compared to where we were that we are implementing provides that Group that has resumed work on this JSR: What I can gauge from the peo- them. The fact is this that most people, tion of hostilities among the armed move- a couple years earlier. The Darfur Admin- a Mission that has an entry into a field process. It is travelling across Darfur ple of this great country, especially this and I’m using people in a very generic ments and the government. istrative Referendum was held recently. As must also have an exit. So, it is not a looking into all the issues and the bench- great region of Darfur, is that they are sense, always think of them as ‘Them’ These are not easy tasks but I am happy I said, we are having good conversations in discussion on how we exit by, say, to- marks to see how that exit strategy can like all human beings everywhere in the and not all of us together. We are in one to inform that as a result of the last meet- bringing the other two non-signatory armed morrow itself, but a discussion on how be achieved. But no one is in any doubt world. They need peace and they deserve world: peace in Darfur is peace in Sudan ing we held in Addis Ababa last April, we movements to join the Doha process. We we fulfil identified benchmarks that are that these benchmarks are critical in as- peace. It is very sobering when you go to and peace in Sudan is peace in Africa and agreed with Minni Minawi and Gibril Ibra- can say that, statistically, there is a reduction endorsed by the UN Security Council sessing that point of departure, when the camps and you look into the faces of peace in Africa is peace in the world. him to meet in Doha to continue these talks. in the number of fatalities from inter-tribal, and the African Union Peace and Se- that departure becomes a reality. It is a those living there. I implore all of us to VOD: Do you have a final message for This is a remarkable achievement because inter-communal conflicts, a 61% decrease curity Council. The timelines for which process and we are working very hard draw on our empathy, our capacity to put the people of Darfur? these two armed movements were not keen over the same period last year. those benchmarks are executed is what on this process to ensure that when UN- ourselves in the shoes of those women, JSR: Do not lose hope. Do not give up. on the role that Doha is playing in Darfur. Additionally, there is a clear understand- will determine how UNAMID exits. AMID eventually gets there, that is, after men and children who have no homes Peace is achievable.

16 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 17 PROTECTION

UNAMID Provides Protection to Newly Displaced Persons in Sortony, North Darfur

By Mohamad Almahady

Thousands of new internally displaced persons (IDPs) who fled their villages due to the ongoing clashes between the government forces and an armed movement beginning in mid-January 2016 in Jebel Marra area sought protection and refuge in a gathering site, adjacent to the African Union – United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) Team Site in Sor- tony, North Darfur. Jebel Marra, is located in Central Darfur and covers an area of approxi- mately 12,800 square kilometers. Jebel Marra is the second highest mountain in Sudan, with an altitude of more Tens of thousands of newly displaced persons, who fled their villages due to clashes between the government forces and armed move- than 3,000 meters above the sea level. “UNAMID has restored security among the ments, which began in mid-January 2016 in the Jebel Marra area, North Darfur, have sought refuge in a gatherinbg site adjacent to This area has been inaccessible to UN- UNAMID’s Team Site in Sortony. Photo by Mohamad Almahady, UNAMID. AMID and UN humanitarian agencies IDPs through its 24/7 presence in around in the region due to continued fighting, the camp, thus, criminality has been greatly of humanitarian assistance and for hu- sizes the Mission’s commitment to Mr. Kiondo stated. “We are ready to despite repeated efforts by the Mission manitarian personnel to conduct visits its mandated tasks towards providing cooperate with the local community and the UN agencies to reach the peo- reduced. This round-the-clock presence to the site. protection, safety and security to the leaders and state authorities to ensure ple in desperate need of protection of UNAMID peacekeepers has driven out As the security situation remains civilians who took refuge around UN- that civilians are well protected and and humanitarian assistance. unpredictable in the area, new arrivals AMID’s Team Site. “To meet the ever that we facilitate humanitarian assis- Thousands of people, mainly lawbreakers found in our midst and saved lives” continue to arrive. The acute short- increasing demand for protection in tances as per the Mission’s mandate” women and children, are now living at — Omda (Community Leader) Zakaria age of drinking water remains a major the area, UNAMID plans to deploy the Team Site Commander urged the the gathering site adjacent to the Mis- challenge for all IDPs despite collec- additional peacekeeping personnel to local community. sion’s Team Site, following the mass agencies are providing the displaced UNAMID plays an important role tive efforts made by UNICEF and oth- Sortony to ensure safety and stabili- UNAMID peacekeepers deployed displacement that occurred in the people with basic essential needs like in facilitating the access of the Unit- er partners, with the support of UN- ty of the newly displaced population. in the area, monitor the situation on area. While UNAMID’s peacekeepers, water, food, health, sanitation, educa- ed Nations’ agencies such as United AMID, to provide thousands of liters The plan involves expansion of our a daily basis to assist the various eth- as per the Mission’s core mandate, tion and shelter Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), of water per day. patrol space in the area to include nic groups at the IDP gathering site are providing protection and safety As part of the Mission’s core man- World Food Program (WFP) as well UNAMID Sortony Team Site firewood and grass collection zones to co-exist in a harmonious, peace- to these IDPs through patrolling, in- date to facilitate the delivery of hu- as international and national non-gov- Commander, Engelbert Kiondo, who so as to enable internally displaced ful manner. The Mission engages in cluding in relation to livelihood activ- manitarian assistance and ensure the ernmental organizations through the is also the Senior Assistant Commis- persons to do their normal daily activ- dialogue with individuals in the IDP ities such as fetching water, the UN safety of humanitarian personnel, provision of escorts for the delivery sioner of Tanzanian Police, empha- ities, without fear of being attacked,” Community, including leaders and

18 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 19 PROTECTION

Tens of thousands of newly 1 displaced persons, who fled their villages due to clashes between the government forces and armed 2 movements, which began in mid- January 2016 in the Jebel Marra area, North Darfur, have sought 3 refuge in a safe zone adjacent to UNAMID’s Team Site in Sortony. Photo by Mohamad Almahady, UNAMID.

2 3 4 A newly displaced Darfuri family is 4 pictured building their makeshift women representatives, who are sup- curity to our displaced people. If tacks on innocent civilians, UNAMID arrived, my family and I did not know to aid organizations who provide IDPs shelter at the Gathering Site, near posed to alert the Team Site of any UNAMID was not here, none of us has restored security among the IDPs what to expect but we are glad we are with food and non-food items and ac- UNAMID’s Team Site in Sortony, North Darfur. Tens of thousands impending or potential conflict situ- would have survived this tough life as through its 24/7 presence in around getting some support from the Mis- cess to basic services,” Mr. Zurab Elza- of people have gathered around ation to ensure that corrective action we ran away from all the fighting but the camp, thus, criminality has been sion and the UN agencies are helping rov, Acting Chief of UNAMID Protec- the Mission’s base in Sortony after is taken before it erupts into serious now have to deal with the criminali- greatly reduced. This round-the-clock too with social needs,” said Ms. Fati- tion of Civilians/Humanitarian Liaison fleeing their villages due to the ethnic rivalry at the site. ty that has erupted in this place due presence of UNAMID peacekeepers ma Ahmed, a 45-year old, mother of Section explains. fighting between the government forces and armed movements in Community leaders in Sortony, to infiltration by criminals who have has driven out lawbreakers found in 8 children living at the gathering site. Provision of assistance to the IDPs in the Jebel Marra area. Photo by especially those living in the IDP blended with the ordinary IDPs in our midst and saved lives” state Omda “Despite the challenging environ- the gathering site is a temporary measure. Mohamad Almahady, UNAMID. gathering site, welcome the support this site. However, we have brought (Community Leader) Zakaria. ment and conditions in Sortony, UN- A concerted political solution and support of UNAMID, UN agencies and inter- this to the attention of UNAMID and “We travelled all night with abso- AMID is doing its utmost to ensure from state and federal institutions is neces- national and national organizations. other agencies and they are keeping a lutely nothing on us except the clothes that the IDPs at the gathering site are sary to provide a conducive environment for “UNAMID plays a very significant keen eye on all the activities in the area on our back and the few food items well protected, and renders the neces- the IDPs to return safely and in a dignified, role in providing protection and se- and despite some of these criminal at- I brought for the children. When we sary logistics and armed escort support voluntary basis to their areas of origin.

20 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 21 MEDIATION

On 01 June 2016, UNAMID’s Deputy Joint Special Representative - Political, Jeremiah Direct Dialogue, Nyamane Kingsley Mamabolo, during his familiarization tour visit Abu Karinka, East Darfur, was received by the Nazir of the the only way to Maaliya, (Mr. Mohammed Ahmed Moham- med Assafi, and other Maaliya Umdas and resolve inter- Sheikhs. Issues pertaining to security, tribal conflicts and the ardent need to deploy UN- AMID in Adilla and Abu Karinka localities communal were discussed during a meeting attended by all segments of Abu Karinka. Photo by conflicts in Abdulrasheed Yakubu, UNAMID. according to Dr. Nagla Mohamed Ba- East Darfur sheer, the Director of Peace Studies and Research Centre at Nyala Univer- By Salah Mohammed sity, “the blocking of migratory route In Darfur, inter-tribal and in- of nomads’ seasonal movement from ter-communal conflicts continue to be South to the North and absence of de- a serious threat to peaceful co-existence velopmental projects” are also reasons in the region. Throughout history, in- that led to the conflict. In addition, ter-communal conflicts in Darfur, have the discovery of oil fields and the high been caused by many factors includ- market value of the land in the area has ing ownership of land rights “hakura” attracted a number of speculative in- and competition over natural resourc- terests in the area says Mr. Mohammed es. These conflicts are quite common Banani Hamad ,the Acting Nazir of the between pastoralist and farming com- Southern Rezeigat. munities. Historically, inter-communal Repeated clashes have negatively conflicts were resolved through tradi- impacted the socio-economic aspects tional conflict resolution mechanisms of the lives of the communities in East such as the “judiya system” through in- Darfur state because whenever the con- terlocutors like the “ajaweed”. In recent flict flares up in the area, the markets times, there seem to be marked depar- are closed for many days, making life ture from the classic two dimensional extremely difficult for the inhabitants. disputes which were devoid of external “We suffer a lot when there are clashes influences. Since 2013, inter-communal between these two tribes as our families conflicts became more complex and depend on the income we get from sell- were characterized by increased vio- ing goods in the market. We call on both lence, expansive in geographical spread sides to lay down their arms and resolve resulting in high fatalities, affecting live- their disputes through direct talks,” says lihoods and negatively impacting social Ms. Amani Ali a widow selling Sudanese cohesion of the region. peanuts at El Daein market. Socio-economic marginalization, by the United Nations Security Coun- ers and herders and support to local over 9000 participants across Darfur. As ments arose over tribal territories and According to results of a recent- high levels of illiteracy, poverty and dis- cil (UNSC). CAS constantly engages capacity building as well as efforts to a result of these campaigns more than competition over water and agricultural ly conducted partial survey, there is an placement among others, leave few life with key partners and stakeholders in address the root causes of the conflicts 6000 seasonal farmers from the internal- land, but now the conflict has evolved increase in the number of registered options particularly among the youths this regard. “A core aspect of the UN in close collaboration with the United ly displaced persons returned to the vil- with the discovery of subterranean oil widows and orphans in El Daien, cur- making them susceptible to criminality Security Council mandate for UN- Nations Country Team (UNCT)” Mr. lages at Korma Locality in North Darfur. resource primarily in Adilla locality. rently standing at 197 widows and 6436 and recruitment into different militia AMID is to support the mediation and Cong added. The Section also use the One of the longest running in- Cattle rustling and demands for politi- orphans, mainly due to this inter-tribal, groups. As a result, communal conflicts reconciliation of communal conflicts. Quick Impacts Projects (QIPs) to sup- ter-communal conflicts involves the cal power are also a source of conflict inter-communal conflict explains Ms. including the actions of armed militias To achieve this, CA supports the lo- port communities and build confidence Southern Rezeigat and the Ma’alia tribes between the two groups. Tayseer Zakaria the Director of Women now constitute the most serious threat to cal authorities, Native Administrations in the Mission. in East Darfur. The Southern Rezeigat, Although the disagreements be- and Family Directorate at the Ministry the civilian populations and continue to and other local partners in addressing 13 water projects have been imple- also known as the Baggara or camel tween the two groups is mainly on own- of Social Affairs, East Darfur. “These be a major feature of events in Darfur. inter-communal conflicts in Darfur” mented and 100 rihoods have been re- herders consider El Daein as part of ership of land, , political interventions people are in need of help, particularly UNAMID’s Civil Affairs Section says Mr.Guang Cong, Chief of Civil habilitated with funds from the Govern- their “hakura” and the Ma’alia who are have also fueled the conflict as some the psychological support for the chil- (CAS) plays a vital role in supporting Affairs Section. “Our priority areas in- ment of Japan. The Mission also con- nomadic herders as well as agricultur- members of both groups are aligned dren. We call upon the international the mediation of community conflict, clude institution of early warning and ducted 127 dialogue meetings to support alists, claim ancestry and rights to land to either the government or armed organization to support the implemen- including through measures to address prevention mechanisms, support to the the measures taken to mitigate conflicts and natural resources in the state. This movements, explains Dr. Ibrahim Mo- tation of a comprehensive survey to its root causes, which is one of the key reconciliation processes, promotion between farmers and nomadic herders conflict between the two groups dates hammed, the Director of Peace studies identify the total number of widows Mission strategic priorities endorsed of peaceful co-existence among farm- and organized 28 peace campaigns for back to the late-1960s when disagree- Centre at El Daein University. Whilst and orphans in East Darfur and provide

22 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 23 MEDIATION

mediation efforts. UNAMID facilitated sion also hosted lunch for the members ing conflicts. This will transform their and other stakeholders have continued two preparatory workshops in Novem- of legislative council from both tribes behavior and thinking and help them to support the mediation of other in- ber 2014 for the Ma’alia in Abu-Karinka in El Daein, East Darfur. channel their energies towards positive ter-communal conflicts by focusing on and the Southern Rezeigat in El Daein On the ground, the leaders of both outcomes,” Dr. Nagla stated. early warning, preventive measures, ca- and subsequently a peace forum for tribes are constantly appealing for direct “We need peace and stability and to pacity building as well as efforts to ad- both communities representatives in dialogue and local solutions, with state end conflicts for the benefit of all the dress the root causes, a notable example Khartoum in December to sit togeth- and federal support, where feasible. people to move freely in the area,” says is the support provided by the Section er for the first time since the June 2014 “Direct dialogue between the two tribes Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Alsa- for the mediation between the Salamat Al Fula conference. The participants is the only solution to the conflict and fi the Nazir of Ma’alia. He emphasized and the Fallata in South Darfur, and reaffirmed commitment to the cessa- we are ready for the reconciliation with direct dialogue between the Ma’alia and between the Berti and the Zayadiya, in tion of hostilities agreement reached in Rezeigat tribe,” says the Nazir of Ma’alia Reizeigat is the only way to resolve the North Darfur. However, there are many Al Tawaisha (North Darfur) in August Mr. Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Alsafi. conflicts. While the Nazir of the Southern challenges facing the Mission efforts of 2013, and agreed to participate in the “Our role is integrated with the execu- Reizeigat, Mr. Mohammed Banani under- mitigation of inter-communal conflicts February 2015 government-organized tive authority and we work together to scored the fact that resolving the conflict in Darfur, such as the lack of compre- reconciliation conference in Marawie, resolve the conflict between the Ma’alia between the two tribes will achieve securi- hensive peace agreement, politicization North Darfur. To build on the mo- and Reizeigat and to achieve social ty and stability in whole Darfur. of the conflicts, lack of sustainable rec- mentum generated by the UNAMID peace and stability in the area explains Despite this long standing conflict onciliation agreements, general mistrust interventions, the national government Mr. Ali Mohamed Ahmed the Deputy between the two communities, a histor- amongst communities and lack of suf- which is constitutionally responsible Speaker of Legislative Council, East ical social relationship exists between ficient funds to support the mediation to lead the process, hosted a peace Darfur State. “The implementation of the two and has been greatly enforced and reconciliation initiatives. On 01 March 2016, UNAMID’s Civil Affairs Section organized a capacity-building work- and reconciliation conference for the real development projects in education, by the cross marriages from those who To resolve the conflict between the shop in conflict resolution and peaceful co-existence for 15 Rezigat Umdas and Sheikhs two groups in Marawie, North Dar- Health, Roads, Water dams and hafeers have settled in area, on both sides. Mr. two tribes, the Government needs to in El Daein, East Darfur. The participants discussed the role of peace and reconciliation mechanisms and the Native Administration in reconciliation and resolving conflicts. fur from 17 – 28 February, 2015. The and investment in the human resources Ali Mohamed Ahmed, the Deputy take the lead, own the process and in- Photo by Hassan Ibrahim Ishag, UNAMID. Southern Reizeigat, the mediators, and and the construction of highways link- Speaker of the East Darfur Legislative tegrate the efforts of federal and state the Government of Sudan, as guaran- ing East Darfur to Nyala and Alnihood Council says there is more than for- authorities, the Native Administration them with income generating projects, munition is abandoned in pastoral ar- tors, agreed to sign the outcome doc- in Kordofan will help to achieve social ty tribes living together in peace and and Civil Society Organizations, with added Ms. Zakaria. eas, where people, especially children, ument but the Ma’alia refused to sign peace and peaceful coexistence among harmony in the state and living in such the UN/international partners playing The Director of High Schools in unwittingly pick the items to play with because according to them it did not local communities in east Darfur State, proximities, cross marriages are com- a supporting role. The success of any East Darfur, Mr. Jalal Adma Hussein, and these explode, causing great harm comprehensively address the hakura and it eases the exchange of cultures mon. A couple, comprising the husband strategy to effectively address intercom- opined that the conflict has also hin- to the physical and mental condition of issue which is at the core of the recur- with neighboring communities,” Mr. from Reizeigat and wife from Ma’alia, munal conflicts can only be attained dered the development and rehabil- the children, beside disability and death. rent conflict. This refusal to sign the Ahmed added. explained that they enjoy a good rela- through a cohesive and comprehensive itation of school projects, such as the These remnants of war needs great ef- document by the Ma’alia reinforced the The need to gainfully engage the tionship, even with the community, approach, including direct talks between planned rehabilitation of schools across forts and high cost for raising aware- strong animosity between the two tribes youth through education and vocational however, any inter-tribal conflict tends the disputes tribes and an effective east Darfur state. “The inter-tribal con- ness programs and for the clearance leading eventually to the violent conflict training is seen as a viable way of dis- to complicate these social relations. Mechanisms to implement the outcome flict has also resulted in the closure of activities. Hence, the strong urge from between them in May 2015. In Septem- couraging the youth from either trigger- UNAMID Civil Affairs Section of reconciliation conferences to achieve Um Rakooba Secondary school result- all concerned that the two tribes should ber 2015, the Mission facilitated the vis- ing or participating in these conflict sit- in collaboration with GoS authorities peace and stability in East Darfur. ing in 100 students being sent to anoth- reconcile and chart a better future for it of a high level government delegation uations. “The implementation of joint er school (Abukarnika) which is a long its younger generation. comprising of federal and state govern- peace building projects for income gen- On 31 May 2016, UNAMID DJSR-Political, Kingsley Mamabolo, and his delegation paid distance away from their locality, to fa- In an effort to resolve the conflict ment officials to Abu Karinka as part erating activities for youth in the border a two- day familiariazation visit to Sector East where he met with the Native administration and Umdas from the Rezigart tribe. Issues pertaining to security as well as the cilitate the completion of their School between the two groups, a cessation of the government’s efforts to mitigate areas between both tribes will achieve role of the native administration in brokering peace between conflicting parties were year” added Mr. Hussein. of hostilities agreement was signed by conflict between the Ma’alia and the social cohesion among local communi- discused. Photo by Abdulrasheed Yakubu, UNAMID. A significant number of children their representatives on 22 August 2013 Rezeigat. These interventions created ties” says Dr. Nagla Mohamed Basheer, are out of the schools, as the conflict in Al Taweisha, North Darfur, which the enabling environment and provid- the Director of Peace Studies and Re- has directly impacted their course of stipulated the hosting of a peace and ed a solid platform for the process to search Centre at Nyala University. study with as many as 3000 girls and reconciliation conference to address continue. UNAMID also facilitated the She further stated that there is a 4000 boys out of the schools in the the root causes of the conflict. After travels of the southern Reizeigat Nazir need to accommodate the young peo- Adilla and Abukarinka Localities stat- several postponements, a reconcilia- and eight of his Omdas from El Daein ple from the two tribes in development ed Mr. Sitana Adam Musa, the Director tion conference was convened on 10 to Khartoum. In addition, the Mission projects of mutual interest, such as the of Girls Education in the Ministry of June 2014 in Al Fula, West Kordofan constructed the Native Administration oil fields, which will help in reducing the Education, East Darfur State. “We are State but it failed to reach any agree- office in El Daein and a peace centre unemployment and bring stability to the working tirelessly with different stake- ment. A number of integrated United in Abukarinka. In an effort to support area, and that the government should holders to increase the student’s enroll- Nations humanitarian assessment and the mediation efforts, the Mission also take measures and implement devel- ment and absorb these students in the confidence building missions were car- hosted lunch for the members of leg- opmental projects to end the conflict Bahar Alarab and Abujabra Localities ried out to hot spots in the immediate islative council from both tribes in El between both sides that includes roads in the state” Mr. Musa said. aftermath of clashes. Daein, East Darfur. In addition, the connecting Eldaein to Nayal and Alni- This inter-communal conflict in UNAMID Civil Affairs both in Sec- Mission constructed the Native Admin- hood in North Kordofan. “We should East Darfur has also touched families tor East and in Khartoum work closely istration office in El Daein and a peace also design special training programs in a different way, through availability with different stakeholders and direct- centre in Abukarinka. In an effort to for the “ageeds group” (War leaders) on of weapons and sometimes some am- ly with the disputing parties to discuss support the mediation efforts, the Mis- the importance of dialogue in resolv-

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As pArt of its mandate of protection of civilians, UNAMID conducts daily routine patrols in the five states of Darfur. Patrols include providing protection for the displaced in camps, as well as for women and children during farming and fetching firewood and water in various villages and localities. During patrols, UNAMID peacekeepers often go beyond their mandate and interact with the local UNAMID Patrols communities, listen to their con- Across Darfur cerns, facilitate capacity–building training and provide medical assistance upon urgent situations. UN- AMID patrols consist of military and police personnel.

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Ibrahim: I used to read Arabic and translated books when I was studying at the intermediate school in El Fasher. I was convinced that our lives in the villages needed to be literarily presented to the readers as they involved interesting human experiences. I wrote my first novel in 1968, when I was in college, which was published in 1969. VoD: How many novels did you read before writing your first novel? Ibrahim: I read hundreds of Arabic and translated novels, I guess. VoD: Who influenced your writing at the early stages of your career? Ibrahim: I think I was influenced by some famous British, American and Russian novelists, such as Hemingway, Faulkner, Joyce and Sholokhov. VoD: Your first novel, “Haddath Fi Al Qaria” (Happened in the Village) provoked a lot of criticism and controversy among some Sudanese writers. Can you tell us about that? Ibrahim: That novel caused a language shock among intellectuals in Khartoum, as I wrote the characters’ dialogue in the rural Darfuri dialect. This wasn’t usual in writing at the time, but it was a matter of honesty Darfuri Writer Ibrahim Ishaq Ibrahim at his house in Umdurman, Sudan, reveiwng a draft of his book ”The Verbal Tra- for me. Now, three decades after publishing dition, the Spine of Darfur’s History”. Mr. Ibrahim, one of the most renowned writers in Sudan, fully reflectes Darfur’s heritage in his written work. Photo by Mohammad Noureldin. the novel in 1969, people from different rural areas in Sudan started interacting with urban people and eventually their dialects Tales from Darfur’s Heritage: became familiar to others. Darfuri Writer Ibrahim Ishaq Ibrahim presented the Darfuri local dialect in his VoD: How did literary production in first novel “Happened in the village” which was a first in the Sudanese literature. Photo by Mohammad Noureldin. An interview with Ibrahim Ishag Ibrahim Darfur function at that time? Ibrahim: There is no literary production Renowned writer, Ibrahim Ishaq Ibrahim, speaks of his published novels, his views on the literary without printing houses. That’s what we “People should support a historical reference in terms of accuracy of production in Darfur and the role that literature can play in bringing peace to Darfur. need up until now but they don’t exist, information or is it an approximation between except in the capital, Khartoum. There are dialogue removed from history and the oral literature in the region? By Ala Mayyahi many Darfuri novelists and poets who live racism or prioritization Ibrahim: The book is a research project based on a collection of verbal narratives Born in Wada village, North Dar- a Master’s degree in Folklore from the Balda,” “Mahrajan Al Madrsa Al Qadima,” in Khartoum and they are considered part of personal interest from 14 tribes across Darfur, which I verified fur, renowned Sudanese writer Ibrahim Ish- Institute of African and Asian Studies. “Akhbar Al Bint Mia Kaya,” “Wibal fi of the literary circle of the capital since their through comparison with the available aq Ibrahim displays a deep understanding In 2008, Mr. Ibrahim was appointed Kilimindo,” and “Fadihat Al Norrian.” works are produced there. over group interest.” historical facts and stories of foreign of Darfuri heritage, especially the region’s as the Chairman of the Sudanese Writers Furthermore, he has published three groups VoD: In your novel “Akhbar Al Bint Foula.” As for the name ‘El Fasher,’ it comes explorers who visited the area. Scientifically, ancient and modern history, in his novels. Association. Additionally, he was awarded of short stories, books on history and heritage Mia Kaia” (News of the girl Miyakaya), you from the Bornu language in northwest Chad the book is accurate in treating all evidences; His work has been likened by the Sudanese the Arts and Literature Award at the Culture and more than 60 articles on Sudanese and stated that “Tandelty” is an ancient name for and refers to the council of the sultan. In so it can be an accredited historical reference critic and researcher, Mohamed Al Fatih, to and Arts festival held in Khartoum in 1979 Arab history and heritage. El Fasher town. Where did that name come 1791, the Sultan of the Fur, Abdurrahman but it doesn’t cover the whole area’s history. international writers such as William Faulk- as well as an honorary doctorate from Al Mr. Ibrahim is married with seven children from? And how did it change to El Fasher? Al Rashid, moved his council to the The book tries to link the Arab migrations ner, James Joyce and Mikhail Bulgakov. Fashir University in 2004. and lives in Omdurman. Ibrahim: The name Tandelty was used current town, and so the name ‘El Fasher’ since the 10th century from the south of Mr. Ibrahim received his basic education Currently, he is a panel member of the In an interview with Voices of Darfur, for both El Fasher and Tandelty town, overshadowed the name of Tandelty. the Arabian peninsula through the north in El Fasher, North Darfur, and continued Tayeb Salih Award for Creative Writing, he speaks about his career and the literary located south-east of North Kordofan. It’s VoD: In some chapters of your book of the Arab lands, east and south of Egypt his studies in Omdurman, near Khartoum. organized by Zain Telecommunications situation across Sudan and Darfur. an ancient word that refers to a place where “Hajrat Alhilalyeen” (The Migrations of across the Greater Arab Maghreb and back He studied English and History at the Company, Sudan, and a member of the Voices of Darfur: Tell us about the waters meet from different directions. This the Hilalies), you reviewed the biographies to the south of the Saharan desert to the Higher Teachers Institute (now the Faculty National Languages Development Council. beginning of your literary career. What inspired can be clear for those who visit El Fasher and journeys of the Arabic Hilali families to African savannah, which led these tribes to of Education, University of Khartoum). He Ibrahim Ishaq has published six novels— you to write your first story and when did you as seasonal rain waters come from the north Darfur in the 14th century. Can we consider it the White Nile in South Kordofan, south graduated in 1970 and went on to obtain “Haddath Fi AlQaria,” “Amaal Al lile wa decide to become a professional writer? and west and meet in a pool called “Al

28 VOICES OF DARFUR VOICES OF DARFUR 29 of Bahr El Arab up to Central Africa. Such tracking tries to interpret the inter- marriages and cross-cultural exchanges that took place between the Arab nomads and the indigenous Sudanese over the years. VoD: What inspires you most to write a new story? How do you decide whether to write it as a short story or a novel? Ibrahim: What inspires me most is the human experience that can be taken as a lesson by the reader. When the story contains many interrelated events and characters, it is suited for a novel. When the events and characters are few, it could be better as a short story. VoD: How is Sudanese literature differ from Arabic and African literary works? Ibrahim: We, in Sudan, are located in the heart of Africa, but our literary Darfuri Writer Ibrahim Ishaq Ibrahim with his two children at his house, in Umdurman, heritage is linked to the “one thousand Sudan. Mr. Ibrahim has published six novels, three groups of short stories, books on his- and one nights” or “The Arabian Nights” tory and heritage and more than 60 articles on Sudan and Arab histroy and tradition. Photo by Mohammad Noureldin. and Arabic folk tales. We use Arabic words, some of which are very old. As encouraged to participate than the others. and the Darfur Internal Dialogue and for Sudanese stories and novels in towns, VoD: Are young people willing to Consultations are the best ways to achieve they do not differ greatly from Arab and buy books these days? Do you think that comprehensive and fair peace in Darfur; African literature in the towns of the Arab electronic versions of books will supersede what is your opinion? Peninsula because of the similarities in the printed ones in Sudan? Ibrahim: In old times, people in Sudan modes of life. Ibrahim: In fact, young people do not resolved their problems through Judiya, VoD: As a panel member for the Al- have much time to read. You can easily read traditions and wisdom that was learnt from Tayeb Salih Award for Creative Writing, tell an electronic version of a book, but reading the past and the present to find solutions us about the competition and its importance a print book gives you a nice psychological for such problems. The reconciliation for the young writers? atmosphere that is difficult to get rid of. experience of South Africa in the early Ibrahim: The Award was launched I believe the two modes will continue for 1990s is a good African model. War occurs by The Sudanese Company for Mobile some time. Online books provide facilities between enemies but people who live in Phone Service (Zain) in 2010 to mark the that are not available for printed books; harmony resolve problems through rational first death anniversary of the outstanding however the latter provides a psychological understanding. I appreciate those who Sudanese novelist, Al-Tayeb Salih, whose situation which is not available in the helped the Sudanese and the Darfuris to novels were introduced to the world electronic ones. find peaceful solutions to their problems. I through translations. The competition VoD: One of the most famous classical believe wise people should support dialogue consists of three categories: novel, short novels is “War and Peace” by the Russian removed from racism or prioritization story and another category that changes author Leo Tolstoy, which revolves around of personal interest over group interest. annually. Participation is open to all who the beginning of the Russian-French war in We hope that the plans for development can creatively write in Arabic in any part 1805, but the author wrote the first version projects, Sudanese ones and those coming of the world, at any age group. Each 60 years later, in 1863. What about conflict from friendly entities, will result in a peace contender should submit a complete work and peace in Darfur? Do you think now is that is based on empowering development of not less than 100 pages; it could be either the best time to write a story reflecting the in the lives of the Darfuri people. It is only a novel, a number of stories or studies. In importance of peace and reconciliation or, development that can guarantee social 2015, there were 705 contenders from Iraq, later on, after achieving peace? satisfaction as there will be no lack of Egypt, Morocco, the Arabian Peninsula, Ibrahim: The best time is later on, after resources, work or prosperity, and, hence, Levant and Sudan. Nine awards amounting achieving peace. There must be a clear no need for conflict. to USD 72,000 are awarded annually. It is picture of a new stable life. The writer can VoD: What is the message you would a good incentive that competes with The then address the challenges that occurred in like to convey to the people of Darfur? International Prize for Arabic Fiction, the conflict and the issues to be addressed Ibrahim: I would like to tell the people Darfuri Writer Ibrahim Ishaq Ibrahim at his house in Umdurman, Sudan, reveiwng which awards USD 100, 000. The Sudanese for a better future. Lessons cannot be learnt of Darfur to establish peace with everybody a draft of his book ”The Verbal Tradition, the Spine of Darfur’s History”. won one-third of the awards as the prize during ongoing events, but rather later. and to develop their lives without relying Mr. Ibrahim is one of the most renowned writers in Sudan, who fully reflects is in their country; thus, they are more VoD: Some believe that Doha Document entirely on external funds. Darfur’s heritage in his written work. Photo by Mohammad Noureldin.

30 VOICES OF DARFUR Rakubat Aba Salih-A Radio Drama Series by UNAMID Radio tune in and enjoy!

Rakubat Aba Salih is broadcast part of Yala Nebni Darfur (Lets Build Darfur) radio programme on radio Al Salaam 98.0 FM in Khartoum and 7.2MHz, 41 Meter Band SW in Darfur every day from 08:30 to 09:30 and repeated from 14:00 to 15:00.

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