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The American

OCTOBER 1972 Volume 93, Numht-r 4 National Commantler Joe L. MaltlKw;-

CHANGE OF ADDRESS

Nolify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 19.il, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 using Post OH'in- Form 3578. Attacli old address label and Magazine give old and new addresses with ZIP Cotle number and current inembersliip card numb*T. Also be sure to notify your Post ,\djuiaiil.

The American Legion Magazine Contents for October 1972 Editorial & Advertising Oflices 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10019 THE GREAT "ROBOT" ARMS RACE 10 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor BY HARVEY ARDMAN I^obcri B. Pitkin A review of the growth of electronic gadgetry hy the Art Editor military, here and abroad, in the battle to keep Al Marshall

one-up in the world arms race. Assistant to Publisher John Andreola

Assistant Editor THE NATIONAL COMMANDER OF THE James S. Swjiriz LEGION 19 As.snciatr Editor AMERICAN Roy Miller BY R. B. PITKIN Assistant Art Editor An introduction to Joe L. Matthews, of Texas, loho was elected Walter H. Boll in Chicago to head The American Legion in 1972-73. production Manitfier Art Bretzfield Copy Editor Grail S. Hanfoid SHOULD U.S. PRESIDENT SERVE A SINGLE Circulation Mnnajicr SIX-YEAR TERM? 20 Dean B. Nelson TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Indianapolis, Ind. Sales ppo: REP. BILL FRENZEL (R-MINN.) Advertising con: rep. JEROME R. WALDIE (D-CALIF.) Robert Redden Associates, Inc. 121 Cedar Lane Teaneck, N.J. 07666 201-836-5755 ALLAN PINKERTON . . . OUR ORIGINAL PRIVATE EYE 22 BY PEGGY ROBBINS Tlie American Legion Magazine Commission: A brief look at the life of a former barrelmaker Powers, Macon, Ga. (Chairmnn); whose natural instincts made him one of James E. Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. ( J icr the world's great detectives. Chairman ) : James H. Kelley, Radnor, I'n.

(National Commander^s Representative ) ; T.aiis;

Armstrong, Spokane, /T'h.sA. : Charles E. Booth, Huntington, W. Va.: E. J. Cooper, Hollywood, A DEBATE ON CURRENT CARE FOR Fla.v Raymond Fields, Oklahoma City,'OkJa.\ VETERAN DRUG ADDICTS 28 MiUord A. Forrester, Greenville, S.C. ; Cliris Hernandez. Savannah , Ga.; James V. Kissner, Palatine, III.; Mylio Kraja, Youngstotvn Sen. Alan Cranston (Calif.) vs. Administrator of S. Ohio; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Donald E. Johnson, who disagree Howard E. Lohman, Moorhead, Minn.; Frank on the treatment of veteran addicts. C. Love, Syracuse, N. Y.; Loyd JVIcDernintt. Benton, Ark.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Frank W. Naylor, Jr., Kansas City, Kans.; Harry H.

THE AMERICAN LEGION IN CHICAGO 36 SchafFer, Pittsburgh , Pa. ; Geor[i;e Sinopoli. Fresno, Calif.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi. Sixteen pages of text and photos of The American Legion's Ind. ; J. Cornelius Tromp, Manhattan . ///. National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, August 18-August 24. Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; Edward

McSweeney, Neiv York, N.Y. (Consultant) : George Zanos, IFellsburg, W. Va. (Consultant). COVER: DRAWING BY JAMES FLORA The American Legion Magazine is owned and published monthly by The American TjCgion. Copyright 1972 by The American Legion. Second class'postage paid at Indianapolis, Ind., 46204 and additional mailing offices. Price: Departments single copy, 20 cents: yearly subscription,

S2.00. Direct inquiries regarding circulation to : (personal 2 DATELINE WASHINGTON 8 Circulation Department, P. O. Box 1951, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 4 LEGION SHOPPER 63 Send editorial and advertising material lo LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 6 PARTING SHOTS 64 The American Legion Magazine, 1343 Avenue of the Americas, New York. N.Y. 10019.

NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, includinir ZIP num- ber, with $2 check or money order to Circu- lation Dept., Box 1954, Indianapolis, Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, P.O. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Ind. 46206.

POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 PERSONAL Jluthentic, A LOOK AT THE 1973 AUTO. HOME INSURANCE CHECKUP DUE? NOTE THESE DEVELOPMENTS.

As the 1973 auto season gets under way, the most visible change you see in the new cars is not in overall styling, but in a protective feature—the bumpers. These new jobs (which are sure to get a variety of nicknames) protrude several inches more than the old ones, making them immediately noticeable. That's because they have to withstand a 5 mph collision in the front and IVz mph at the rear (the 1974 models will have 5 mph bumpers at both ends). • Prices will rise in a 3% to 6% range, averaging maybe $80 to $90 per car. Some of the increase obviously is due to new federal standards (bumpers and pollution-control devices), some to the standardization of equipment that previously was optional (transmissions, disc brakes). • However, you may be able to recoup a fraction of the higher prices through lower collision -insurance premiums. • Style changes—while evident in some models—are not the splashy things they were in years past. Detroit is coming to the belief that styling isn't all that important in influencing sales, and moreover a combination of rapid style changes and safety features would drive prices out of sight. • The big emphasis this year is on the intermediates and the compacts. ^Vbitelabcr

Q, DEWARS , , Havoc caused by nature—notably tropical storm Agnes—has resulted in "TENDED Scotch WHisKii billions of uninsured losses. So it may be wise to check your homeowners policy to learn what it does (or doesn't) cover. *bnDewar&Sons^ While there's quite a range of policies, plus regional differences, you can DISTILLERS. be pretty sure your insurance does not include reimbursement for: Damage due to war, flooding or backup of water, earthquakes or earth movement, losses by freezing, nuclear reaction or radiation, wear and tear, heating or cooling failures, and certain losses incurred if you rent your home. You may also be sure that if you steal your own property or set fire to the premises, you won't get away with it. But note that while war damage isn't covered, losses from riot or civU commotion are. As for floods and earthquakes, special insurance could be available in your area. In any event, it's a good idea to go over your policy with your insurance man to get the full picture. Remember, too, that coverage is limited to fixed amounts (rather modest) DEWAR'S on such items as jewelry, watches, precious stones, furs, philatelic property, watercraft, trailers, etc. The complete list is in your policy, in a section usually marked "Special Limits of Liability on Certain Property." For espe- "White Label" cially valuable items, you may want to buy a "floater." A small consolation: casualty losses are partially tax deductible, providing There are more than a thousand you can substantiate them (save bills, and try to get before-and-after pic- ways to blend whiskies in Scot- tures). The rule is: Calculate the loss, then subtract $100 plus insurance land, but few are authentic enough reimbursement (if any); the rest is what you can claim. for Dewar's "White Label." The quality standards we set down in Notes on current developments that may affect you: 1846 have never varied. Into CHAIN LETTERS: There's been quite a revival—especially in the Eastern each drop goes only the portions of the nation—of this old get-rich-quick scheme. The current ver- finest whiskies from sion, though, involves U.S. savings bonds (not money). So the U.S. Treasury pi the Highlands, the is trying to catch up with the operators on the grounds that the chain letters are in violation of postal lottery and fraud laws, and perhaps local laws. ' Lowlands, the If you have been hooked on such a scheme, you can get a refund from the Hebrides. Treasury via Treasury Form PD-2966—but you must have the bonds in question in your possession. Dewar's MONEY: Where do the very wealthy keep their assets? Recent studies never varies indicate that by far the greatest portion is in coi-porate stocks; real estate comes next; then pension funds, trusts and cash. Apparently, the rich don't go in much for bonds, one reason being that bonds are not the best inflation hedge. By Edgar A. Grunicald

BLENDED SCOTCH WHISKY • 86.8 PROOF

© SCHENLEY IMPORTS CO., (J.Y., N.Y.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 One of n conl'mwng series. E^niington. Reports Xore-Loktl'.. a bullet for all seasons and all types of game.

Before you buy your "Core-Lokt" bullet for 30-06 and ammo for this sea- 308.) Pointed Soft-Point son's hunt, consider "Core-Lokt" bullets were this: Remington- designed for bringing Peters cartridges down game at long range. If the terrain you're hunt- with "Core-Lokt" ing in requires you to sight bullets have dropped your rifle in at 200 yards more big game than or more, then this version of the Remington-Peters any other cartridges. "Core-Lokt" bullet is the In any of 26 big- best choice you can make. game calibers, Because of its pointed pro- "Core-Lokt" is file, it has a flatter trajec- tory. This means less air attention worth your resistance, so the bullet re- and respect. tains maximum velocity After the first rifle re- and striking energy down port on opening day of the range where it really season, big game gets even counts. (The bullet shown

more elusive. So if and is the 180 grain Pointed when you're lucky enough Soft-Point "Core-Lokt" to get a glimpse of a white- bullet for 30-06 and 308.) tailed buck at the top of a We also offer other bul- ridge or a big-horn clam- let types to meet any game bering up a shale slide, or situation a hunter might you've got to be prepared. This "Corc-Lokl" bullet still retained 62% of its original weight encounter. Here are some You're not going to get too when recovered from a Kodiak bear. of the more popular: Hol- many second chances. Most successful big-game hunters pre- low Point "Core-Lokt" bullets for the 30-30 owner. Bronze pare by using Remington-Peters center fire cartridges with Point Expanding for extra long-range accuracy and Hollow

"Core-Lokt" bullets; one good chance is all the "Core-Lokt" Point "Power-Lokt" bullets, the choice of varmint hunters bullet needs. and target shooters.

"Core-Lokt" is the trademark for our exclusive bullet de- The total cartridge and all its components must perform sign. It means just what it says. The metal jacket and solid flawlessly for maximum performance. Top-quality brass lead core of every "Core-Lokt" bullet are locked together in cases assure you of uniform tolerances and powder capacity. the bullet's heavy midsection. This combination of heavy Progressive burning powder is specially selected for each midsection and metal jacket assures uniform expansion at all Remington-Peters cartridge to assure proper velocity at safe ranges. That's why we call the "Core-Lokt" bullet the No. 1 pressure limits. And our Remington "Kleanbore" primers mushroom. Their proven success has enabled us to offer are so vital to accuracy over 90% of the shooters at the 1971 "Core-Lokt" bullets in 26 big- International Benchrest Shooters Championship Matches game calibers. used them. Soft-Point "Core-Lokt" bullets Other hunters will respect you for using Remington-Peters So^t-Poini Core Loki are an excellent choice for medium cartridges with "Core-Lokt" bullets. They'll figure you know or big game, especially when you're hunting in heavy brush. your business . . . they'll be right. With its round profile and big lead nose, the Soft-Point "Remington Reports" is a series based on information "Core-Lokt" bullet assures deep penetration and controlled from the people who design, engineer and manufacture expansion up to double the original caliber. There is no bullet Remington products. For more information on the complete blow-up or disintegration with this one. It's a real game line of Remington-Peters products, write for a free copy of stopper, designed to plow through our latest catalog: Remington Arms Company, Inc., Dept. heavy cover and make game of 590, Bridgeport, Connecticut 06602. any size stay put. Because Soft- Poinied Sofi-Poini Cort-Lokf Point "Core-Lokt" bullets are not I^mington.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 3 .

sin: Ten copies please. . . . W.L. Thiele Holsopple, Pa. CORRECTION LETTERS TO THE EDITOR SIR. ... There must be schools in this country which have more teachers than students if Pournelle's statement is cor- rect that in ten years 12 instructors have Letters published do not necessarily ex- sir: I hope it enjoys a much larger press the policy of The American Legion. been added for every 8 students. audience. . . . Keep letters short. Name and address must P. C. Hamel, Principal be fjirnished. Expressions of opinion and John Thornberry requests for personal service are appreci- Preble High School Danville, Calif. ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or Green Bay, Wis. answered, due to lack of magazine staff for these purposes. Requests for personal serv- sir: I'm one of the teachers of the 30's Oops! Dr. Pournelle said that in ten ices which may be legitimately asked of

Tlie American Legion should be made to mentioned in the article. . . . It's the best years public school instructors have in- your Post Service Officer or your state article seen written education. creased while students in- (Department) American Legion Hq. Send I've on by 120% have letters to the editor to: Letters, The Mrs. R.D. Norris creased by 82%. An editor, charged with 1345 Avenue of American Legion Magazine, Strong, Me. saving space, changed that to 12 new Ibe Americas. New York, N.Y. 10019. teachers for every 8 new students. That

sir: Extra copies please. . . . would only be true if ten years ago there was one teacher for each student, DR. POURNELLE & THE SCHOOLS Marie H. Worley Dixon, III. and the increase in teachers is not th'it great. Our apologies to Dr. Pournelle, sir: I would like extra copies of Dr. Principal Hamel and all readers. A Pournelle's August article "Can We Save sir: ... Wonderful. . . . Please quote Our Schools by Demanding Results?" prices on reprints for school board mem- check of other editing reveals no such violence to other figures of Dr. Pour- for the members of the education com- bers. nelle's. But our editors could apparently mittee of our Chamber of Commerce. . . Jack Ladky use more basic math. Clarence E. Hartmann Milwaukee, Wis. Watertown Area Chamber of Commerce INFO ON COMBINED INTELLIGENCE

Watertown, Wis. . sir: . . An excellent focus on school OBJECTIVES SUBCOMMITTEE

problems. . . . Please send 300 copies for (SHAEF) SOUGHT sir: It is an exceptional article, which our county fair booth. sir: For research on an article and book

should be printed and reprinted. . . . J. Bronson Gridley on the wartime operations of the Com- John Kelly O'Connor Adjutant, Post 510 bined Intelligence Objectives Subcom- Troij, N.Y. Lake Bluff, III. mittee (C.I.O.S. of SHAEF) and NAV- TECHMISEU, I would like to hear from

sir: . . . Four extra copies, please. . . . sir: ... It should get in the hands of all any officers who kept diaries or records Luther F. Meyer parents and grandparents. . . . of such service, 1944-45. Fort Wayne, hid. W.J. Dowling K. Baarslag Johnstown, Pa. P.O. Box 3316, Tequesta, Fla. 33458 sir: I'm afraid we can't save our schools by demanding anything. I know a pro- fessional educator whose life was dedi- cated to attempts to teach, and who introduced many innovations to put the emphasis on teaching. He met total re- sistance from inside the system, aind was driven out of the schools by internal IMPORTANT NEWS political combines against him. (Name Withheld By Request) California ABOUT

sir: ... Excellent. . . . Failure to teach reading properly is the biggest problem YOUR SUBSCRIPTION of all. . . . Bob Steiner Topeka, Kan. The best way to insure uninterrupted delivery

sir: I would like extra copies for a of your American Legion IVIagazine during the number of editors of professional [teach- ing] materials. There are states [includ- year is to pay your 1973 dues to your ing N.Y.] that have been doing a fairly coming good job with drop outs and the non- college bound. This is not to imply that Legion Post on or before Oct. 20, 1972.

they couldn't do better. . . . Fabian Englander lir Nyack High School to 12 issues Nyack, N.Y. Payment of dues automatically entitles a member of this magazine. However, early payment one year and late

sir: Please advance Dr. Pournelle to the payment the next may result in a lapse in the subscription. should pay his dues head of the class. . . . To insure continued delivery, a member Rorert E. Liles by Oct. 20, the beginning of the Legion year. Legion Post Chestertown, Md. officers should forward membership renewals immediately to reduce delays in updating the mailing list. sir: As a school board member, I would like copies for other members. Leland Talbot Battle Creek, Mich.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 YOV GET ALL THIS with new NRI Master Automotive Technician home training. Included is the NRI Achievement Kit we send you the day you enroll . . . ten outstanding kits of automotive testing and repair equipment, plus educator-acclaimed NRI "bite-sized" texts — all yours to keep and use for years to come.

NRI announces a dramatic new way to learn Automotive Repair at liome

ed gauges. You get ten kits in the Master Automotive Top auto experts praise NRI's Technician course, eight with the shorter Automotive new training plans Tune-Up and Electrical Systems Training program. The professional tools and equipment you get from NRI are NRI's two new home training programs in Automotive yours to keep and use in the years to come, as you build Servicing and Repair have been acclaimed by three of a top-pay career as a Master Mechanic, or earn $5 to $7 America's foremost automotive experts. an hour in spare time, or simply save money by repairing Richard Petty, America's winningest your own cars at home. stock car racer says, "I especially like the way NRI has programmed essential Train with the leader training equipment they give you into step-by-step instruction." Tom McCa- The same pioneering home training methods and innova- < hill, car tester and writer, commented, tions which have made NRI the leader in other career " L "The Master Automotive Technician training fields are now offered to ambitious men who want course gives ambitious guys a great start to turn their interest in cars into a solid, well-paying career. on a top dollar career. And that Tune-Up Take a tip from Richard Petty, Tom McCahill and Bill and Electrical Systems program can save France, and train at home with the leader. Rush coupon do-it-yourselfers a bundle." William H. G. now for free NRI Automotive Catalog. NRI, 3939 France, president of NASCAR reported, Wisconsin, Washington, D.C. 20016. NO SALEMAN "The new NRI courses for mechanics are WILL CALL. amazingly complete and seem to cover all APPROVED UNDER Gl BILL— It you have served since January 31, 1955, or major aspects of today's sophisticated are in service now, check GI line in the coupon. cars. If you're at all interested in automotive training, I suggest you investigate NRI." Rush coupon Professional equipment for FREE catalog included at no extra cost NRI Training NRI gives you the choice of Master Automotive Techni- 3939 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 937-102 cian training or a shorter Automotive Tune-Up and Elec- trical Systems course for the man seeking greater under- Please send me your new Automotive Catalog, i understand there is no obligation. NO SALESMAN WILL CALL. standing of basic car repair. The Master course covers I am interested in Master Course Tune-Up Course. every major aspect of auto repair, from changing spark Check'here for facts on G.I. Bill plugs to operating your own garage or car-care center. You not only learn the how and why with NRI's proved-in-use Name- -Age- "bite-sized" texts, but you also get professional training (Please print) equipment you need to actually do the work on your own Add ress- or other cars as you move along in your home training. Equipment you get— at no extra cost— includes your own City_ -State- -Zip- ignition-analyzer scope, as well as a dwell-tachometer, tim- ACCREDITED MEMBER NATIONAL HOME STUDY COUNCIL ing light, complete set of tools, volt-amp tester and assort-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 5 )

need a retriever to fetch your ducks from shore, reports J. M. Peters of Jackson, LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS Minn. Cast a big treble-hooked plug at them, snag them and reel them in. (Better have your fishing license handy. Ed.

Cooking Fish NARROW strips cut from toothpaste or shaving cream tubes make handy sinkers, FOR A PURIST angler, there's only one right broiling, you can get almost the same effect especially for ice fishing, suggests Joseph way to cook freshly caught fish—dab them with brown paper bags. Put the seasoning, Marti of Iron Mountain, Mich. Cut to size with butter and broil them over a stream- also a strip of bacon, int^ the cavity of each (the longer the heavier) and just twist the strip line side or seaside fire. And the quicker, the fish, put it in a double bag, soak the paper around the or leader. better. The next best way is to fry them in in water and lay on the coals, turning and a skillet with butter and a strip of bacon. sprinkling with water occasionally for about ALUMINUM foil, cut into 4-inch squares These two methods are the simplest, too, twenty minutes. The paper will burn away and squeezed over treble hooks, will help which may be one reason they're so popu- eventually and the fish will char nicely. To keep them sharp and tangle free in your lar. But with a little extra effort, advise the reduce the strong fishy taste of some salt- tackle box, advises Doug Klever of Deer- outdoor gourmets, you can prepare a fish water species such as striped bass, weakfish, brook, Wis. The foil is easily removed, and dish fit for a king. etc., cook the fish either by frying, or can be reused.

When removing the entrails from a fish, steaming it wrapped in aluminum foil after be sure to remove also the blood line along adding several spoons of vinegar, lime or A BUCKET has many uses in a small boat the backbone: an old toothbrush is a handy lemon juice, or white wine. For a bluefish besides bailing, reports Charles Moore of tool for this. And don't cut off' the dorsal fin; treat, stuff each fish full with a mixture of Terre Haute. Ind. One is its use as an an- after the fish is cooked it will serve as a crumbled saltines, sauteed onions, pepper chor; tie a rope to its handle and lower it handle to help you remove many of the and a pinch of sage, moistened with white to the bottom. It may be heavy to raise, dorsal bones. Filleting a fish over two wine, then wrap in a double layer of cheese- but it works well in an emergency. pounds is easy; slit it down the backbone cloth to hold in the stuffing. Soak the cloth in olive oil from head to tail with a sharp knife, and and broil high enough over the ALWAYS carry a crochet needle in your with flat fire so the flames don't reach the fish. the knife held cut away the meat Cook tackle box; it's the best thing in the world for from the bones on each side to form two about ten or fifteen minutes on each for untangling a bird's nest in your bait- steaks. When broiling, lay the fillet skin- side. This recipe can be used for other salt- casting reel, writes Willie Kunkel of Seguin, water and large freshwater fish, also. side up on the broiler, then when you turn (For Texas. It'll help remove a hook that's caught it over sprinkle the seasoning on the ex- further fish-cooking hints and recipes, con- in your fishing net. too. posed meat so it will sink in. Smaller fish sult: "The Camper's Cookbook," published are more easily filleted after they're cooked. by Macfadden-Bartell, 205 East 42nd St., CRAB CATCHER that works every time Warm-water fish such as panfish, black bass New York, N.Y. 10017. Price: 950. is suggested by Steven Goggia of Santa and pickerel, when cooked without strong Barbara. Cal. It's a large ball of tangled seasoning, often have a muddy taste ob- WHEN you catch coarse, inedible fish, don't fishing line with some bait in the center. jectionable to many anglers; to avoid it. re- throw them back. Conservationists advise Lower it to the bottom, the crabs grab it move the skin before cooking. against it, and these fish make excellent and won't let go, and you can lift them to For a new trout taste, stuff each cleaned fertilizer for your garden, writes B. B. the surface. fish with a teaspoon of chopped onion and Burke of West Haven. Conn. The plants a little canned tomato sauce or barbecue will grow like crazy. Be sure to bury fish in sauce, rub with salt, pepper and Tabasco, deep enough so cats can't dig them up. WAX CRAYONS come handy on camp- ing trips, reports Mrs. Joe Jaeb of wrap in aluminum foil and lay in the coals Hum- boldt, Sask. grease to get clothes, but of your camp fire for about fifteen minutes. IF YOU'RE a waterfowl hunter who's No on they'll lubricate hinges, zippers slide With panfish, if you don't have a grill for also a sharpshooting baitcaster, you don't make easily, seal small leaks in a tent, even serve as fire starters.

ON A camping trip, forget bulky suitcases; use plastic bags, suggests Mrs. L. D. Tenni- fon of Asheville, N.C. They take less space, keep their contents dry in all weather, can be used later for dirty clothes or garbage. Also, you can see what's inside without opening them.

A DAY before Mrs. E. Roberts and her husband, of Monroe, Mich., take off for their cabin in the woods, she cooks whatever they're going to have for their first meal,

then freezes it, and puts it in the ice chest.

When she arrives, she just thaws it out and

heats it. No cooking that first busy day.

SHOVELLING snow will be a lot easier if first you give your shovel a coat of floor wax, writes Greg Martin of Marshfield, Wis. This will not only help prevent rust,

but will keep the snow from sticking to it.

If you have a helpful idea for this feature send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- turn, or enter into correspondence concern- ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- nue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 The symbol ofAmerica is vanishing. us, we'll buy approximately 15 square feet of private land in a child's name next to the Chippewa National You can help save him by Forest in Minnesota. This land, where two pairs of creating the first National nesting bald eagles have been found, will be turned over to the U.S. Forest Service, and will be known as Children's Eagle Nesting Area. the first National Children's Eagle Nesting Area. A small start in saving the eagle but a vital one. And,

Send Hunt- Wesson a label, and we 'II buy as we acquire more nesting land, we'll create more protective nesting land in your child's name. safe nesting areas. Money that's left over after all available land A lot of things are killing the bald eagle. is purchased will go to what the Forest Service Illegal shootings. Noise that scares it away considers a critical project: eagle study, so more can from its eggs and its young. Pesticides that pollute be learned about how eagles live and how to help its food. them survive. Now, outside of Alaska, fewer than 800 If you can get a group involved, you can do

nesting pairs exist in the United States. Bald even more. Last year, more than 1 '72 -million trees eagles have been declared one of America's were purchased for planting in burned-out forest endangered species. land through our National Children's Forests Recognizing the danger is a victory of program. Unlike the Forests, this nesting land is not a sort. a place to visit; the risk of disturbing the eagles is But our goal is to help the bald eagle too great. increase its numbers to keep it from There are a great many other things you and disappearing. your children can do to save this magnificent bird We can help do that simply by giving and other endangered wildlife. You'll find them listed the eagle what he needs most to survive. on our eagle conservation wall poster which we've Peace and privacy. prepared in cooperation with leading conservation Here's how you can help, and organizations. also do something special for a child We'll send each child the poster plus a decal you care about. for bikes, books, etc., saying "Help Save The For every Big John's or American Eagle'.' And we'll place his name in a vault Snack Pack label you send near a marker at the Chippewa National Forest headquarters. The bald eagle was chosen as our national symbol in 1782. Help keep him alive, so your child's generation can have a symbol. Of survival.

HELP SAVE THE EAGLE HERE'S HOW YOU CAN HELP SAVE P.O. BOX 873 THE AMERICAN BALD EAGLE FULLERTON, CALIFORNIA 92638 Send proofs of purchase from the following products. Each proof received will purchase ap- proximately 15 square feet of land. A poster and Name decal will also be sent. No limit on the number of proofs that will be accepted. Address Hunt's Big John's Beans 'n Fixin's® or Chili 'n Fixin's™ bottom can label (any size). Hunt's Snack Pack® 4-pack ingredient City line panels from cardboard jacket of any flavor puddings or fruits (ingredient lines from individ- ual can labels not acceptable). State Zip Code You can reproduce this coupon and involve THIS OFFER EXPIRES FEBRUARY 28, 1973 your friends, club, church or other organizations Please allow 4-6 weeks (or delivery. Offer void where taxed, if you like. prohibited or otherwise restricted.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 7 . s

Dateline Washington TAX CHANGES COMING. CONGRESS' $ IN SPOTLIGHT. MORE $10,000 FAMILY INCOMES.

Whoever wins the Presidency and whichever $10,000 for the first time in U .S. history, party takes control of Congress in the according to the latest word from the

November elections , there ' a tide of Census Bureau . public op inion that will inevitably bring The 1971 median income figure of $10,290 abou t a maj or tax reform for the United was 4.2% higher than that of 1970. States, p erhaps as early as 1975. However, in terms of consumer purchasing And while the reforms will be aimed power, the 1970 family income median of generally at easing regressive taxes for $9,870 could buy as much in goods and the poorer taxpayers and at making the services as the higher level of income a more affluent pay a bigger share, a tax year later. increase also l ooms as a di stinct pos si- For men working full time, the median bility in the near future simply because earnings in 1971 were $9,630; for °,t the zooming costs of running the federal women, $5,700. And the women seem to be g overnment As things now stand, taxes losing ground in their fight for pay and fail to meet U.S. outlays, and the federal job equality. As compared with 1970, men's deficit keeps soaring unabated. earnings rose 4.9%; women, 4.8%. No one in Washington can as yet predict The Census survey also revealed that what will happen. Some reformers want last year there were 2.8 million U.S. to eliminate all or some of the 54 ' families with incomes of $25,000 or more; special tax programs which benefit spe- 10.4 million with incomes of $15,000 to cific segments of our society. Some $25,000. Approximately 19% of the 53.3 want to increase estate and gift taxes. million families-or 10.3 million-had incomes of less than $5,000 a year. When it c omes to te lling constituemts PEOPLE AND QUOTES _ab_out their outside income , Member s of "Cong ress have been reluct ant to satisfy SUFFRAGE—UNUSED CITY POVERTY

". ". public curiosity. During the current . . any j>erson who is quali- . . two kinds of povprty session, however, a small but persistent fied to vote, but who does not exist Ln the cities: One is the bloc, led by Sen. Charles McC. Mathias register to vote, can be little poverty of the people who live more than a sidewalk suner- in them. The other is th^ pov- (Md. ) and Rep. Abner J. Mikva (111.) ." intendent. . . President erty of f itv govern-^ents them- has been striving to convert the public's Nixon. selves " Moon Landrieu, mayor, like to know into a statute giving the New Orleans. DON'T FORGET FRIENDS public the right to know. The push is SOVIET VIEW ". . . in the long run, the supported by the National Committee for "In the ideological field, there hopes for peace and prosperity an Effective Congress. is not and cannot bp anv peace- of Western Eurone, the U.S., ful coexistence." Mikhail Siis- Both the House and Senate have tjubl-ic and Japan depend even more lov. Soviet Politburo member. disclosure rules, c onsidered inef fective on their own interrelationship than on detente with the Com- Mathias-Mikva group ^ which is FIRST AMENDMENT py %hl ." munist powers. . Ambassador "A way of life that is odd or demanding compulsory exposure of all Nobuhiko Ushiba, Japan. salaries, fees, real estate and stock even erratic but interferes with of others CONGRESSIONAL FANCY no rights or interests transactions, business activities, etc, is not to be condemned because by U.S. lawmakers. Congressional staffers "There is a prevalent myth it is different." U.S. Chief making |22,000 a year or more also would that Congress finds hard to re- Justice Warren Burger. have to face the same spotlight sist . . . you demonstrate your pf commitment to a particular MEAT SUPPLY publicity. ". program ... by the amount of . . the supply of meat can- other people's money you're not be turned on and off like a willing to spend on it." Caspar faucet." J. Phil Camn- During 1971, more than half of American water W. Weinberger, director, Office bell, Under Sec'y of Agri- families had an annual income of over of Management and Budget. culture.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 UTERflRY PUmnflTEf...

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 9 The Great ^'RobofArms Race

By HARVEY ARDMAN How the international contest to stay THE DEVELOPMENT of electronic gad- getry by the military—here and ahead in electronic warfare is going. abroad—-has reached such proportions that electronics is an entire "battlefield" of its own in the international arms race. weapons, the robot race would continue receiver and you might tune the truck in The major powers strive with technical in order to keep the quality of each na- from a long way off. That's what we've ingenuity to stay ahead of the new weap- tion's remaining arms one-up on the re- been doing with the ignitions of Russian- ons and defenses of other nations, and to maining arms of other powers. built trucks used by the North Viet- develop defenses against the things they A review of what's publicly known namese. Other ordinary electric equip- invent themselves, lest these be used about the electronic arms race will give ment emits unintentional waves. Even against them. a general idea of how it's developing. radars, though carefully shielded, give off Further, the arms race in military The most modest of our new weapons enough to be spotted by super-refined robot devices is entirely different in its locates unintentional radio "broadcasts." receivers. Some field guns broadcast a nature from the arms race in weapons of If you ever heard the spark plugs of a weak radio signal every time they fire sheer power. It deals more in sophistica- truck that you were passing make pings a shell. It has something to do with the tion than in brute force. If the world on your car radio, you heard an uninten- hot gases inside the barrel and their elec- could cut back its stockpiles of nuclear tional broadcast. Get a sensitive enough tric charges.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 —

Scientists developed a U.S. military Such devices are "smart weapons." are properly adjusted so that it continues sensing device with an ear for such They know just where to go. One smart to "see" the same view—all the way in. broadcasts. It's called a "Black Crow'" weapon may do the job of 20 or more These are not only superior systems sensor. Currently, Black Crows are being dumb ones by getting a hit on the first try. for hitting intended targets, but they installed in small missiles. Fired in the The most spectacular smart weapons greatly reduce the chances of hitting non- right general direction, they home in on are the laser-guided and TV-guided targets, a plague of "shotgun" bombing. trucks, tanks, radars or artillery. bombs now being used by our air forces Most of the newspaper stories have Eventually, the Russians and the North in North Vietnam. dealt with smart bombs, but there is also Vietnamese will shield their equipment A laser-guided bomb has a laser-beam a growing family of smart missiles. The as much as possible. We've been shield- detector on its nose. The detector can Navy has developed the Walleye and the ing ours for a long time, to protect spot reflected light from a laser beam and Air Force has come up with the Maver- against just such a gadget. But, for this adjust the bomb's steering vanes to head ick. Both are TV-guided missiles. Un- go-round, at least, United States offense for it. In practice, the bomb is dropped like bombs, they can travel great hori- is ahead of Soviet defense. and a crew member from the bombing zontal distances and be "smart" over a The United States also has weapons aircraft or a companion plane shines an greater range. Laser-guided missiles are that home in on intentional signals. intense, pencil-thin laser beam on the being built, among them the Navy's Bull- North Vietnam turns on its radars to target. The bomb heads for the spot dog, which is an old Bullpup missile with detect our planes and aim SAM missiles where the beam ends, as if it has eyes. laser brains. at them. Instead, our missiles follow the At worst, the result is a near-miss, and The laser device seems more useful. radar right in, exploding directly on top the possibility of hitting wide of the mark It can penetrate some clouds that the of the enemy radar base. is greatly reduced. TV guidance system can't handle Such missiles are called "stand-off A TV-guided bomb has a miniature though neither laser- nor TV-guided weapons." They let our attacking air- TV camera in its nose. In practice, a weapons work best in bad weather. craft stand off from enemy anti-aircraft crew member focuses the camera on the Smart bombs cost four to five times missiles and find their targets with the target before the bomb leaves the plane. more than dumb bombs of the same ex- help of the enemy's defenses. Several are When the bomb is dropped, the camera plosive power. But many fewer will do currently in use. makes sure that the bomb's steering vanes the same job, while fewer planes and

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 H — —

CONTINUtlU The Great "Robot" Arms Race boost in power over present lasers, such weapons would easily out-perform ordi- fewer men need be involved in their kind that they wouldn't hurt a fly. But their nary cannons. "Ammunition" would be of combat. power could be boosted to destructive power generated aboard the ship or plane. If the Air Force has its way, there may strength the instant the radar blips were come a time when no crewmen are lost determined to be unfriendly. No time lag Is this laser work all a project for the distant future? over any target. On May 31, 1972, the would be involved in aiming a separate Not at all. Three laser- Air Force revealed that a robot bomber weapon, or in getting a defensive weapon weapon test firing ranges are being built with TV eyes has been flown for many out to the target, and no other equip- in the Manzano Mountains about 25 miles by a pilot sitting back at the base ment would have to be brought into play. miles from Albuquerque. Each service and using radio controls like those that The target would already be in the low- will operate one test range. The Soviets control model airplanes. These planes—called RPVs (remote piloted vehicles) —are so far along that "we now believe that we are on the threshold of utilizing them for selected strike missions," according to John L. McLucas, Undersecretary of the Air Force. In addition to saving crewmen, RPVs should save taxpayers a bundle. Without men aboard and all the systems necessary to support and protect them, a fighter

RPV, it's estimated, would cost only $500,000—compared to $3 to $4 million and even much more for a manned fighter. Marry the RPV to a payload of smart bombs and missiles and you've just about revolutionized air warfare, which is what the Air Force has in mind. Meanwhile, scientists are working on developing the laser as a weapon itself. At Kirtiand Air Force Base, near Albuquerque, N.M., the Air Force's

"Project Eighth Card" is developing high-power lasers that can emit beams of destructive force. According to pub- lished reports, a laser beam shot down a drone target airplane near Kirtiand more than two years ago. In another test, a half second burst from a laser beam shattered the Pyroceram nose cone of a standard tactical missile into umpteen pieces. So far. the laser is no Death Ray that Buck Rogers could carry in a hol- I ster. Its power plant—to be destructive is heavy equipment.

High-powered laser beams promise The race is under way to develop a laser beam strong such important military uses that you enough to destroy at great distances. Hitched to a radar, it could missile warheads at the blink of an eye. may be sure every military power will zap strive to develop quick-aiming beams with a big sting, and none will dare not to, even though lasers are limited to line- powered beam, and the boosted power can hardly be ignoring the possibilities. of-sight use. The big sting is the chief would reach it at the speed of light Even so. today, the largest share of the thing that isn't perfected yet. 186,000 miles a second. While incoming action on the electronic battlefield is in Some of the biggest military threats to missiles could be destroyed over their devising electronic coiintenneasiires. not anyone are geared to attack on lines-of- own territory, it could be possible to bide attack weapons. Nations need wonders sight from high altitudes or in space. A one's defensive time, assessing the to defend against wonders, not only in strong enough laser beam will have in- enemy's intentions, until incoming IC- war, but in peacetime too. to discourage stantaneous destructive power at great BMs disgorged their warheads. Even if aggression that a big advantage might distances. The beam widens hardly at all there were a dozen decoys included, a invite. at any earthly distance, and might be de- laser-radar destruction beam could reas- The concept of countermeasures is vised to be almost as strong at several onably pulverize them all, like a fast- based on something called signal intelli- thousand miles in air or space as at 100 draw gunfighter dispatching a group of gence or "sigint." In the future you will yards. Lasers could be hitched to missile- enemies in the blink of an eye. hear this kind of lingo more and more.

tracking radars to have an instant bead Eventually, plane-mounted or ship- Signal intelligence is one country's effort on anything the radars spot. In normal mounted laser beam cannons could re- to listen in on the electronic devices of use, they could be trained along the place standard ordnance. Given a big another country. Sigint collection devices radar's line of view at such low power ILLUSTRATED BY JAMES FLORA can be put on board satellites, mounted

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 —

in ships or airplanes, or parachuted be- certained not only that they could have tions, or the location of enemy command hind enemy lines. had the range but that they actually did posts, among other things. Those Soviet trawlers with their elec- have it. Before the plane was hit it was That business of picking up unin- tronic listening devices and porcupine- reading their radar. tended radio emissions is a part of "radio like antennas are, of course, sigint col- Then, there is communication intelli- frequency intelligence," or rint. Rint has lectors. The Pueblo, which the North gence, or comint. Comint often amounts some more spectacular potential uses Koreans captured a few years back, was to outright eavesdropping. Just after the than spotting trucks. It could, for ex- one of ours. United States and Russia six-day war in 1967, the Israelis scored ample, be used to monitor missile have all sorts of sigint satellites in orbit. a comint coup by releasing a recorded launches or missile tests, or—in favor-

Sigint is the general term. There are radio-telephone conversation between able circumstances—find submarines. special terms for particular sorts of sigint. the late Egyptian President Nasser and Rint and comint could provide a great

intelligence) not only spots enemy "Elint" (electronic "Humint" (human intelligence) seeks to detect people it, to report back what it is seeing. radar but "bugs" by amplifying their heartbeats and eyeball reflections.

"Pint" (power intelligence) monitors power systems to locate "Rint" (radio-frequency intelligence) spots unintended radio enemy command posts, weapons' factories or generators. emissions. "Comint" eavesdrops on intended transmissions.

There is electronic intelligence, or elint. Jordan's King Hussein, during which deal of information about what goes on Elint devices read and interpret someone they decided to falsely claim that U.S. in concealed areas, such as enemy com- else's radar, guidance or navigation sig- planes had flown cover for Israeli troops. mand headquarters or foreign embassies. nals. Israel's comint picked the phone conver- Sigint also has its "organic" aspects

Elint is so sophisticated that we not sation out of thin air, recorded it verba- the detection of human beings via elec-

only know where Soviet radars are oper- tim and gave it to the world. tromagnetic or any other means. This has ating, but we also know what they see, Another sigint activity is called power been dubbed humint. Some humint de- as if we'd somehow "bugged" them. And intelligence, or pint. Not like a pint of vices are already in use in Vietnam. They

they read our radar. milk, it rhymes with mint. Pint can moni- attempt to detect people, particularly When the North Koreans shot down tor high-voltage power systems belonging enemy soldiers, by chemically spotting one of our Lockheed sigint planes 90 to enemies or potential enemies. Such carbon dioxide and nitrogenous gas miles off their coast. President Nixon monitoring, properly analyzed, can re- emitted while breathing. More humint knew what he was talking about when veal the size, source and use of electric contraptions being developed attempt to he said that the North Koreans knew it power supplies. It can detect the mere put the finger on a concealed soldier by was 90 miles away, and not over their manufacture of certain types of weap- listening to his electronically-amplified territory. The ehnt in the Lockheed as- ons, or the use of enemy sigint opera- heartbeat or by electronically locating

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 13 T.NUED The Great "Robot" Arms Race countermeasures (ECM) against the other's weapons and defenses. Many of these countermeasures are reflections from a soldier's eyeballs. feet long, with a wingspan of 55 feet. attempts to blind the enemy's devices Many American sigint machines are Using "side-looking" radars, it can sur- that spot approaching aircraft, guide in their second, third, fourth or even later vey 60,000 square miles of territory in anti-aircraft artillery or missiles, locate generations, having undergone many im- an hour. Since it flies much lower than warships and guide missiles against them, provements, especially in light of field a satellite, it can provide even more de- and detect the launch of ICBMs. experience in Vietnam. The major ad- tailed photographs of what's happening If Israel, for instance, could blind vance of recent years, however, has been below. No interceptor or anti-aircraft Egypt's radars, it could handcuff the to devise ways to get sigint devices into missile now in operation can down it ex- ability of Soviet-supplied anti-aircraft or over enemy territory. cept by accident. missiles and Egyptian interceptor planes of these methods are familiar The SR-71 flies practically every- Three to pinpoint Israeli fighter-bombers. because they've gotten into newspaper where, it's said, even over those nations The game of blinding radar, restoring headlines at one time or another. The that itch to blast it out of the skies. Based

its sight, blinding it again . . . and so on, U-2 spy plane is a well-known example. in Okinawa, Thailand, Turkey, Spain and has been going on ever since WW2. So The shooting down of one of these over Guam, it covers the entire surface of the has the game of hiding one's radar, Russia was used, you'll remember, as globe. having it discovered by a new technique, Khrushchev's pretext to call off sum- On May 9, 1966, an SR-71 is said to then hiding it again with an answer to mit talks with Eisenhower in Paris. Of have been flying over Sinkiang Province, that. course, he'd known about U-2s all along. in China. That day, it monitored China's is the present Ordinary Soviet radar had spotted every third nuclear explosion. Eight minutes No westerner sure what best radar deceiver is, because the Rus- one that ever flew over its territory. after the blast, President Johnson knew sians seem to have the edge for the mo- it occurred. Within five hours, he Then, there is the signal gathering had that set off ment. ship. One of these was the Pueblo. It had knew China had an A-bomb, been monitoring North Korean radar not an H-bomb, as had been feared by Basic present-day contraptions send a flood of signals on the radar's frequency and other signals. Another U.S. sigint some scientists. that overpowers the signal that it is look- ship was accidentally (or so it was Now in the works are a number of un- ing for. devices imitate the signals claimed) attacked by the Israelis during manned drone aircraft designed to collect Other a plane makes, giving a radar operator the six-day war in 1967, while on duty all sorts of sigint. Drones are a lot less the impression he's detecting a dozen air- in the Mediterranean. The Lockheed EC- expensive than manned aircraft. They craft where exists. started 121, the type that was shot down 90 carry no highly-trained crews and need only one This in with "chaff" metallic foil miles off North Korea, was another sigint no human support system or armour. WW2 — plane that it look plane. This makes them relatively expendable, dropped from a made and especially useful wherever the enemy like a fleet on radar. Today, "chaff" is In space, the United States has more has a good chance of knocking them still used effectively, but has been aug- than a score of sigint collecting satellites down. mented by far more sophisticated de- in orbit over all parts of the world. We've vices, and is more sophisticated itself. all seen reproductions of the marvelously Among the drone projects now under Radar designers have done everything detailed photographs they can take from development is Compass Cope, a Boeing- they can think of to sidestep jamming. more than 100 miles up. But spy photog- designed jet to do unmanned what the Radar frequencies are changed often and raphy, which can also use special color U-2 did, and able to fly for 36 hours irregularly. Genuine radar signals are sensitive film to reveal what ordinary film without refueling. The prototype was ex- amplified when they bounce back, to be cannot see directly, may be the least im- pected to be airborne about the time stronger than jamming signals. Special portant job a spy satellite can do. Some these words are published. Combat frequencies are reserved for battle situa- of these vehicles have on board devices Dawn, based on a Ryan design, is a tions so that jammers won't have advance that can detect the heat of a match miles shorter range plane than the Boeing information on what kind of false signals away. These provide early warning of model. Twenty are on order. Then there's or noise to broadcast. ICBM launches, long before radar comes Compass Dwell, a long-endurance pis- The result is a chess game between into play. They also give information ton-engine plane under construction by radar designers and countermeasure ex- about test firings and have helped find Martin-Marietta. perts played by many nations. Several out how accurate Soviet ICBMs are and There are also manned planes with times each year, we and the Soviets fly whether or not they have multiple atomic special sigint capabilities. These include bombers right up to one another's warheads that can be sent to separate Lockheed P-3A and P-3B aircraft. Ac- borders, to gather sigint, to see if the targets. Other satellite sensors pick up cording to magazine reports, nine of jamming works (remember, everyone radar signals, communications signals these planes are currently being modified can read everyone else's radar sets), to and other information of value. We end into electronic surveillance vehicles for lest one another's penetration capabilities up knowing almost as much about Rus- worldwide shadowing of the Soviet navy and the opponent's defenses. Then, each sian electronic systems as they do—and, and for other sigint collection. They'll side brings back the new information for better or worse, vice versa. replace the now obsolete Lockheed EC- and its ECM experts go to work once We have one sigint collection vehicle 121s. Then, there is the Army's Mohawk more. that is unmatched by any other nation, OV-ID sigint collection aircraft. It's a nuisance a plane called the SR-71 that has been used in the "Quick-Look" program—fly- Time was when ECM was forces. Today, the operational for years. This is the succes- ing along the borders of the Soviet to our combat ECM underneath the wing or sor to the U-2. It can fly at 3,000 mph, Union's. European satellites to check out "pod" slung is considered by pilots to be as faster than a 30.06 bullet and—like a anti-aircraft missile radars and their fuselage as fuel or bombs. bullet—too fast for the human eye to characteristics. necessary track. It's thought to have a range of Based on sigint information, both the Most of our present ECM gadgets are more than 5,000 miles and a service ceil- United States and the Soviet Union, not add-ons to existing planes. The new B-1 ing above 80,000 feet. to mention Britain, France, Germany, bomber, the new F-14 and F-15 fighters

The SR-71 is a peculiar looking craft, Japan, Israel and some smaller nations, and succeeding aircraft will have ECM a stubby-winged black-painted thing 107 have developed a number of electronic built in, while several planes are being

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 developed for the first time to have ECM mandable. They could be parachuted into have been taken by us have not been as their single, solitary mission. Out- enemy territory, and operated by remote made public. standing among these is the Navy EA- control. Russia isn't putting her best stuff in 6B, built by Grumman. It is, the Navy For all our fancy ECM (remember, Vietnam. The air defense she installed says, "the first aircraft ever developed that's Electronic CounterMeasures), the in North Vietnam was very good, and and built specifically as a tactical jam- Soviet Union is ahead of us in some took a heavy toll of our fighter-bombers ming system." But other planes have categories. at first. Then, our electronic experts went been converted to serve the same pur- When Soviet troops were airlifted into to work. They came up with jamming and pose. The Phantom F-4 "Wild Weasel," Czechoslovakia in 1968, Aviation Week deception techniques that cut North Viet- built by McDonnell-Douglas, will seek and Space Technology magazine, an nam kills of our aircraft by a factor of 50. and knock out radar-guided surface-to- authority in the field, reported that some- This spring, when President Nixon air missiles with radar-homing missiles thing strange happened to NATO's ordered a return to bombing North Viet- and computer-controlled radar warning radars. They all went flooey. For a short nam, our ECM accomplished miracles.

Some electronic countermeasures (ECM) try to blind an enemy to what is, and make him see what isn't. and avoidance systems. If a SAM is fired time, Soviet deception measures blinded At this writing, not a single B-52 has against a "Wild Weasel," a computer will NATO's electronic surveillance. Western been reported shot down over North tell it how to dodge while it fires missiles powers liked that not one bit. Presum- Vietnam. On one memorable day, when at the SAM radar base. According to ably, countermeasures have since been hundreds of bombing sorties were flown published information, up to 130 Wild taken. against North Vietnam by all sorts of Weasels may be ordered by the Air Meanwhile, we've had considerable U.S. aircraft, some 240 SAMs were fired Force. trouble evading Soviet eyes and ears, against them. Only two planes of any Rockets with radar-jamming devices especially at sea. Ever since the Russian description were lost. are in the works—and gliders, mortars, navy beefed up its forces in the Mediter- The North Vietnamese were so frus- kites, para-wings, balloons and cannon ranean, they've been able to track our trated by this that, a few days later, they shells. Many are intended to be cheap, warships easily, without being seen them- fired two SAMs against a little Cessna one-time gadgets that might be sent in selves. American sailors wake up after a reconnaissance aircraft. Each missile cost waves to confuse large portions of an air- night of cruising, under electronic black- more than the plane. But they missed, defense system before a planned attack. out conditions, to find Soviet ships right anyhow. Other gadgets are intended to be com- on their tail. Whatever countermeasures The system the Soviet Union supplied

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 15 —

Computers will tell our planes how to zig and zag to avoid surface-to-air missiles.

CONTINUED Qj.^^^ "Robot" Arms Race to Egypt is of a higher order. It consists our intelligence of Soviet equipment, or Meanwhile, we have several firms not only of the SAM-1 and SAM-2 and our own advances. working to find defenses against laser- their associated radars—^North Viet- Currently, small versions of this facil- guided weapons, now that we've intro- nam's system—but of the SAM-3 (a ity exist at Nellis and Eglin Air Force duced them. The obvious move is to fool high-altitude anti-aircraft missile), im- bases. The major installation, it's thought, them with laser beams of your own that proved radars and a fleet of fast Mig would be constructed within an area ap- misdirect such weapons. The answer to interceptors. proximately bounded by Reno, Grand that is to train the weapons to follow only The Israelis, using American Phantom Junction, Colo., and Las Vegas. a coded laser pulse. Then we need the F-4s, equipped with U.S.-built ECM de- No doubt, somewhere in the Soviet answer to that in the continuing chess vices, have probed this system many defense ministry, officials are considering game of electronic warfare. times and it hasn't shown as much as an a similar facility of their own. Perhaps No man's mind can be certain where inch of give. they already have one. all this is leading. If defense keeps ahead

American scientists are now working Then there's an international race to of offense, it may be to the good. And if on countermeasures to confound the stay ahead in weapons that find their offense remains about equal among most

Suez air defense system. If they're mak- targets by heat-seeking. Our Sidewinder great powers, it may be good again. ing any progress, they're not talking homes in on the exhaust of an enemy jet, Either situation could be a strong deter- about it. Meanwhile, U.S. military strate- and our smaller Redeye is a heat-seeker rent against any major war. gists are sure that this is more like the that can be fired by a single man on the Electronics is all that has made the system that protects Russia and its satel- ground at a low-flying plane. The Soviets aiming of atomic weapons from great lites than the setup used in North Viet- have its mate in the Strela. There are two distances possible. On the other hand, nam. They also note that the Soviet responses to these dangerous weapons defenses that have helped create the pres- Union has never exported its most ad- deceit and concealment. We are working ent atomic standofl" are also totally de- vanced military technology. This means on an infra-red ray generator to lure pendent on electronics. A defense weap- Russia's own air defenses are probably Strelas after fake heat targets, while on that could nullify atomic missiles even better than those in Egypt. B-52s. for example, use salt water washes could be a good thing for the world. The

The Department of Defense is so con- to cool and mask their heat signatures. powerful laser beam offers some promise cerned about Soviet capabilities on the There is an unsatisfactory (so far) at- of that. electromagnetic battlefield, particularly tempt to find superior ways to nullify the Interestingly enough, sigint devices in the area of air defenses, that it is seri- aiming power of the human eye. Serious helped make it possible for President ously considering building its own ver- work of many sorts is underway to blind Nixon and the Soviets to agree on their sion of the Egyptian air defense system, or deceive human operators of weapons. arms limitation treaty. If men couldn't complete with simulated Russian SAM The eye may not be as accurate as elec- trust one another, each side figured it missiles, radars and other electronic gear tronic aimers, but so far it seems harder could check up on the other with its and interceptors. The object would be to to deceive. Efforts to do so are ancient, sigints. Maybe electronic intelligence will throw our best against our own model with camouflage as the historic example. be the remedy for man distrusting man. of it again and again, until we mastered Advanced work to deceive eyes is going Maybe not. That's a chapter still to be it. Then, we'd make it tougher, based on on all the time. written. the end Have a career in reserve. The Army Reserve can offer you any one of 300 career training opportunities, depending upon the specific skill requirements of your local unit. From electronics to finance to communications. And many in between. After four or more months of basic and advanced training, you enroll in the school that fits your plans and ambitions. You learn on Army time, under skilled Army instructors. They're some of the best teachers in the world. Then the doors start swinging open for you. You'll be off to a fast start on your civilian career. And you'll keep right on advancing as you follow up in the Reserve with summer camps and weekend meetings. Find out all the opportunities open to you in the Reserve.

The Army Reserve. It pays to go to meetings.

By R.B. PITKIN Navy from 1932 to 1936. after briefly Post Commander, as the incumbent hud attending Pennsylvania's Slippery Rock to resign for personal reasons. Matthews L. Matthews, a native Pennsyl- State Teachers College during the Great took the job and filled out the unexpired JEvanian transplanted to Fort Worth. Depression. term. To many people who had held high Tex., was elected to serve as National Matthews' rise from inactive member- offices that would be an unacceptable Commander of The American Legion for ship in Blackstone Post 482 in Fort comedown in prestige, but Matthews' 1972-73 on the closing day of the Worth in 1946 to National Commander friends find it typical of him. Legion's National Convention in Chica- of The American Legion in 1972 was the Matthews' integrity was put to the test go, 111., Thurs., Aug. 24, 1972. cumulative result of persona! qualities early in his Legion career. He achieved Matthews operates a six-state distribu- Vfhich constantly enlarged the number prominence in the 40&8 earlier than in torship in Fort Worth, dealing in power of Legionnaires who looked to him for the Legion. In 1955, some top leaders and telephone linemen's gear and con- leadership. of the 40&8 issued reckless and damaging struction safety equipment—in Texas, He has no one great thing he did that charges against the Legion, and the Oklahoma. New Mexico, Arkansas, propelled him to the top of the organiza- Legion responded by telling its affiliate Mississippi and Louisiana. Mrs. Joe tion. Instead, he has a solid record of to substantiate the charges or retract them. In a separate action, the Legion

demanded that the 40&8 strike its white membership clause. The beginnings of this double family quarrel were aired at the Texas state Legion convention in San Antonio in The NATIONAL 1955, when Matthews was the head of the 40&8 in Texas. The Legion's de- mands on the 40&8 were roundly criti- cized by some at the state convention. COMMANDER Matthews—though the head of the state 40&8—took the floor to say in an im- passioned speech that the Legion position of the was right and the 40&8 position was wrong. Between right and wrong there was no point in the 40&8 nursing a griev-

ance over the Legion reprimand, and it ought to comply. AMERICAN It did not. Four years later the Legion

notified the 40&8 that it could no longer identify itself as a Legion affiliate. Mat- LEGION thews tried to forestall such drastic ac- tion, hoping that the 40&8 could yet be persuaded to comply. But after four years of trying, the Nat'l Executive Committee Matthews—a cheerful, outgoing redhead service, hard volunteer work in the Le- voted the severance at its October 1959 who is "Pinky" to her friends though her gion, unswerving integrity, and loyalty to meeting. name is Alberta— is so active in The basic principles of active American citi- Matthews' speech in 1955 and the per- American Legion Auxiliary that the new zenship and values. To these he adds sonal integrity it reflected when the going Commander claims that he is better amiability, genuineness and an executive was rough, so impressed Charles Downey known in the Auxiliary as "Pinky's hus- capability that has satisfied his Legion (the incoming Texas Legion Comman- band" than as a nationally prominent colleagues in everything he has under- der) that he promptly asked Matthews to figure in the Legion—which he has been taken. This is praise, of course. It is also serve as state Legion Membership Chair- for 14 years. In fact, he was a widely- an exact analysis of what brought Mat- man. That appointment is a testing supported but losing candidate for Na- thews the support of enough Legion- ground for higher state office, since per- tional Commander ten years ago. He naires to make him the national leader. formance can be measured in the year's v/ould not have run again had not Le- It is why his supporters in 1962 (when membership figures. gionnaires in other states who did not he lost the race for National Comman- This event propelled Matthews to state

vote for him in 1962 let it be known that der) and in 1972 ( when he won it without prominence in the Legion itself, and he they'd support him if he would renew opposition) say they supported him. soon was elected to the highest offices his candidacy. He is also naturally unpretentious, and in the Texas Legion. He was State Com- Mrs. Matthews is a Past Department not given to standing on his dignity—an mander the next year and National Ex- President of the Texas Legion Auxiliary endearing trait in a race of creatures ecutive Committeeman for Texas for two and a former National Executive Com- which God endowed with powerful egos. terms starting in 1958. mitteewoman of the Auxiliary. By 1962, Matthews had been head of the Some of his supporters were bitter Joe Matthews is the first former Sea- 40&8 in Texas (1954-55), state Com- that he lost the race for National Com- bee to head the Legion. He served in the mander of the Texas Legion (1956-57), mander in 1962, and his name was pre- Pacific in WW2 with the 126th Seabees twice National Executive Committeeman sented again in 1963 —again unsuccess-

(Naval Construction Battalion) from for Texas ( 1958-62), and then went al- fully. Matthews simply went home to Port Hueneme, Calif., and Eniwetok to most as high as you can go in the Legion keep working in the Texas Legion as he Okinawa—starting as a Quartermaster in his first race for National Commander. always had, and eventually renounced and ending as a Chief Bosn's Mate. A year later, his Post was in need of further national ambitions. He served He was also a sailor in the peacetime someone to fill the much humbler job of {Continued on page 54)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 I9 .

Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . SHOULD U.S. PRESIDENT "YES" 1787, the "framers" of our Constitution, after much IN dent has meager coattails debate, chose a multiple-term, four-year Presi- for friends and poses mini- dency rather than a six-year term. In 1951, the Con- mum dangers for enemies gress wisely chose to limit the Presidency to two terms. at election time. Not in 1787, nor 1951, did anyone envision a $250 3) Reduced fixation on billion government, employing millions and rendering a President's reelection. "cradle to grave" services. Times now call for another There would be one-third change: the single-term, six-year Presidency as pro- fewer election-year legis- vided in my House Joint Resolution 736. lative doldrums. Senators For a President, these are the advantages: (except actual candidates) 1) Insulation from personal, partisan attacks by could safely return to sen- atoring. Members of Congress (the natural competitors for his Rep. Bill Frenzel (R-IVUnn.) job) . A single term forces criticism away from per- President Wilson was (3rd District) sonalities and back to policies. right in saying that four 2) Relief from pressures to use the Office for re- years is too long for a bad President and not long election. Every President is thought to be acting "polit- enough for a good one. Given the advantages of incum- ically," no matter what he does. The single term can't bency and increased reliance on electronic media, the take any President out of politics, but it elevates him single term will give us shorter overall tenures. from the suspicion of personal politics. Overall, the single six-year term would give a more effective, credible President; policy role 3) Better ability to control a now almost unmanage- a stronger able bureaucracy. Liberation from reelection concerns for Congress; a more manageable bureaucracy, and a allows total concentration on running the country. healthier Executive-Legislative relationship. Constitutional changes should not be taken lightly. 4) Needed lead time to develop, operate, evaluate Nevertheless, the benefits of the single six-year Presi- and modify legislative programs. Two extra years is an dential term are so important that this Constitutional advantageous trade for a possible second term. Amendment should be considered now. 5) Easier recruitment of top personnel. There need be no indefinite commitments in a single term. For Congress, some of the advantages are: 1) Improved program consideration. A President's party would not have to hurry to pass his doubtful programs. The opposition need not be afraid to endorse his good ones. 2) Reduced Presidential threat. A single-term Presi-

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 SERVE A SINGLE SIX-YEAR TERM ?

DO NOT think there is eight years. Poor Presidents are rejected after four I clear evidence to justify years. Simply, the six-year term would reward bad the tampering of our sys- Presidents and penalize good Presidents by denying tem of Presidential succes- them the additional two years that would have been sion by instituting a six- theirs had they been reelected. year, one-term Presidency. But, to me, the most offensive part of the argument Such tampering goes for a six-year Presidential term is the attitude that the against the direction of re- President should be allowed to make important deci- form which has been made sions without reflecting upon the ability of the people to make government, in- to influence his judgment. It assumes that Presidents cluding the Executive are omnipotent and beneficent and the people are but branch, more responsive to children to be guided from their ways of error. Rep. Jerome R. Waldie (D-Calif.) the people. We have fought This is a concept repugnant to me and one which I (14th District) to reform the nominating shall contest at every opportunity. conventions to have a greater input of the will of the The six-year Presidency gives the President an enor- people upon selection of candidates for the Presidency. mous increase in power in determining the nation's We have sought to reform the Electoral College to course in international affairs. If, at the present time, permit the people's will to be reflected more greatly there is an abuse of Executive powers it is the fault upon the election of the President. of the Congress to exercise its powers to control the Thus, it would seem to me that removing the people's actions of the Executive branch in the conduct of right to register their disapproval of a President's foreign affairs. policies by extending his term to six years would be The six-year term would, in effect, shackle the pow- counter to the trend in American government—a trend ers of the Congress and terminate the balance of with which I thoroughly concur—that is, to give more powers concept that is the foundation of our Republic. influence to the people. There is a clear-cut danger of increasing the isolation of the President if he does not have to seek reelection, because he does not have to respond to the people's will. In fact, he can set himself up as the sole purveyor of all wisdom in the system. There is already a tendency in Presidents to do just that, and that tendency would be magnified were he not required to go to the people for approval after four years in office. Good Presidents are returned for a second term—or I have read in The American Legion Magazine for October the arguments in PRO & CON: Should U.S. President Serve A Single Six-Year Term?

IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO issue, fill out the ^'ballot" and mall it to him, $ SIGNED ADDRESS TOWN STATE

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, O.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 £1 ALLAN PINKERTON..

PINKERTON ARCHIVES

Allan Pinkerton, place and date unknown. Picture was probably taken when he was a Union spy during the Civil War.

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 —

Our Original Private Eye By PEGGY ROBBEVS

THE WELL-KNOWN Pinkcrton's, Inc. executive put it, "Allan Pinkerton saved On the trails of the Renos, Jameses, (formerly Pinkerton's National De- the day for railroading." Youngers, Daltons, Sontags and other tective Agency) is the namesake and Pinkerton was a major leader in the bad men, Pinkerton had many narrow child of America's first "private eye" pre-Civil War underground railway op- escapes. He seemed to thrive on them. Scottish-born Allan Pinkerton. The U.S. eration for fugitive slaves, and he may He rode "shotgun" on stagecoaches, slept Secret Service in its earliest form was also have saved Abraham Lincoln's life by in the saddle, endured hunger and thirst, first organized by Pinkerton. protecting him from an assassination plot struggled against sandstorms and bliz-

Pinkerton was a natural-born detec- prior to his first inauguration. zards, and gun-battled when it became tive. He was at the height of his powers As Gen. George McClellan's chief of necessary. He expected his "Pinkertons" in the years before, during and right after espionage and intelligence during the to be just as relentless in running down the Civil War. "Natural born" is just the Civil War, Pinkerton organized the first criminals, and most of them were. right term for his investigative abilities, official United States Secret Service. At Born on Aug. 25, 1819, in Glasgow. for Allan Pinkerton fell into detecting times he served with it behind Confeder- Scotland, he was the youngest of three crime as a result of his natural gifts while ate lines. When he founded the famous sons of a police sergeant. When he was working at other things—chiefly barrel- Pinkerton's National Detective Agency ten, his father was beaten by rioting making. Chartists, who sought by demonstration Most amateur detectives are undoubt- and revolt to better the miserable lot of the British working class. His father lived for four years but never walked a step after the attack. Allan, vowing to one day become a policeman and avenge his father's suffering, quit school and went to work as an errand boy for a pattern- maker. At 12, he became apprenticed to a cooper, or barrelmaker. Then, as a working craftsman, he changed his opinion of the Chartists. By the time his father died, he believed them justified in their dangerous crusade for labor reform. When he was 23—and long a skilled cooper in his own right—he married Joan Carfrae, who is believed by some to have been a militant Chartist. On their wedding day, the couple was warned to flee because Allan's name was Allan Pinkerton, 1860. Pinkerton started life as a barrelmaker in Scotland and continued the trade here.

edly a pain in the neck to the official po- lice, and there are some very funny short stories about some of them and their "clues." But Allan Pinkerton was such a natural detective that the Chicago police hired him away from barrelmaking to make him their first detective. In Chi- cago, he built up such a record of catch- ing—even anticipating—the bad guys that he went into business for himself. Long before he died the name Pinkerton was world famous as a synonym for criminal investigation. Since his time, this has become a pro- fession with all sorts of staff, professional techniques, laboratories and nationwide files criminals. on When Pinkerton en- Pinkerton's first case. While cutting barrel hoop poles on an island near Dundee, tered the field there was no professional III., his natural gifts told him that the site was being used by counterfeiters. establishment, and to his contemporaries

there was absolute wizardry in the way he trained his sons, William and Robert, on the Crown's list of conspirators who this self-taught master of investigation to help him. Allan and his "Pinkertons" were to be arrested the next day. The "quietly caught the guilty." Railroads led the fight against crime, from horse newlyweds hastily boarded a Halifax-

were the country's great development of theft to murder, and were a major factor bound steamer on third-class tickets fi- the time and railroad robberies one of its in bringing law and order to the despera- nanced by Chartist leaders. great problems—until, as one railroad do-plagued Old Wild West. When a steward on the ship harassed

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 23 —

One case that gave Pinkerton early fame in Chicago. He anticipated the burgling of a busi- ness and waited night after night until his hunch paid off and he caught the burglars.

brought his brother Robert from Scot- ALLAN PINKERTON . . . Our Original Private Eye land to join him in the business. several elderly steerage passengers, Allan wagon for a move to Chicago. After he'd It isn't known at what age Allan Pink- intervened, and he and the steward were furnished the wagon with two patched erton realized he possessed the capacity soon in a fist fight. A husky and fearless blankets, a cooking pot and a few items to retain in his mind's eye all the minute man, he readily won the fight, and the of food, he had one quarter left. Joan details of every scene his vision crossed, steward was removed from steerage knotted the coin in the corner of her but he had this gift. One day he was on but Pinkerton risked being put in irons handkerchief, and, perched on the wagon a nearby island in the Fox River, cutting and returned to Great Britain when the seat beside Allan, swung it merrily as the barrel hoop poles. He sensed vague signs ship reached port. It never reached port, Pinkerton wagon headed toward Chi- of the visitations of a number of people however. cago. In Chicago, he sold the wagon and to the uninhabited island, and spotted a

About 200 miles from Halifax, it was horse for enough to establish the couple small piece of a burned five-dollar bill. wrecked on a shoal off Sable Island. Joan in a boarding house, and he went to He put two and two together and told and Allan made it to the island in differ- work making kegs in a brewery for 500 the sheriff that the island was the meeting ent lifeboats. Reunited on the beach, they a day. place of counterfeiters who'd been pass- surveyed their worldly goods—one small After a year, the Pinkertons moved ing bogus money all over Illinois in pre- suitcase of possessions, a bundle of wet some 40 miles northwest of Chicago to ceding weeks. Kane County Sheriff B.C. clothes and a few British pounds. the Scots village of Dundee, where Allan Yates visited the island and couldn't find The day after the shipwreck, a passing soon prospered as the only cooper in an any particular indication of mysterious schooner took them to the mouth of the area where barrels were much in demand visits—but he let Allan talk him into St. Lawrence River. Allan announced to for farmers and merchants. The Pinker- sending the scrap of bill to Chicago police

Joan that he'd decided against residing in ton shop and home were in the same one- to see if it was counterfeit. It was. As a Canada, that he felt the great future for story frame building. It was a happy result, an outlaw band of four men and them lay in the United States. They took home, to which "a good vegetable garden a woman, all carrying large quantities of a boat up the St. Lawrence, their desti- and a very fine son, William" were bogus money, was captured on the island. nation Detroit. added. Before long, Allan hired an On information obtained from them, Unable to find work in Detroit, Allan assistant, a German lad who'd had a printing presses and inks for counter- bought an aged horse and a ramshackle little experience in cooperage. Later, he feiting were confiscated, and the three

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 PHOTOS THIS PAGE—BHOWN BROS. remaining members of the gang were cap- tured in Chicago. The island picked up the name "Bogus" and Allan Pinkerton's new fame brought him so much cooper- age work that he was able to employ several extra helpers. The inhabitants of Dundee, some 500, either didn't notice or chose to ignore that most of the extra workers at the cooperage were strange Negroes. The Pinkertons, ardent abolitionists, were turning their place into an "underground railway" station for escaped Southern slaves. Most of the Negroes were tran- sients who did odd jobs for short periods and then went on, but there were some whom Pinkerton kept long enough to teach them the trade of barrelmaking. Meanwhile, Sheriff Yates had a new

problem and brought it to Allan. Several prosperous Scottish immigrants in Mil- waukee had organized a bank-type insti- tution, "The Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company," and had lawfully issued notes of one, three, five and ten dollars, which had become circulated in the farming areas of Wisconsin and Illi- nois. Counterfeits of these notes had been turning up in Kane County, and the Dun-

Left, Jesse and Frank James. Right, two of the Dalton gang brought to justice. For 16 years, the Pinkerton agency joined police in tracking down the Dalton, James. Younger, Sontag. Cassidy and Reno gangs. When Pinkerton broke up the Reno gang, they tried to murder him, and Jesse James once spent four months in Chicago trying to kill Pinkerton.

dee storekeepers had accepted so many Allan easily won Craig's confidence. Cook County wanted him to move to they faced ruin. That night, in an abandoned church, he Chicago and serve as a special agent. Allan figured that either the maker or made a small purchase of bogus money With that, barrelmaking lost a crafts- a handler of the bogus notes had to be a from him. They agreed to meet the fol- man. nearby resident. He suspected a man lowing week at Craig's hotel in Chicago Allan left the cooperage with his named Henry Crane, a farm resident who "to execute the exchange of $1,000 of brother, and later sold it to his assistant. never did any farming yet always seemed genuine bank notes for $6,000 of good With Joan, he moved to Chicago. After prosperous. Allan heard that strangers bogus." a short introduction to police work, he in Dundee had asked the way to the Allan kept the date—along with sev- was named "the first and only detective" Crane place, and he told all the local eral policemen who had a warrant for on the Chicago force. Other policemen businessmen to notify him immediately Craig's arrest. And Allan went back nicknamed him "Bulldog." No armchair of any such inquiries in the future. Not home with an affidavit by Craig about sleuth, he seemed to enjoy head-on con- many days passed before the apprentice Crane's counterfeiting activities which frontations with lawbreakers. at the harness shop came running with put Crane in the Dundee jail. Dundee Chicago papers were soon full of ac- the news that a stranger in a carriage who merchants, who had paid Allan's ex- counts of Pinkerton disarming an ax- had stopped for harness repair sought the penses on the Chicago trip, gave him an wielding madman; Pinkerton taking a way to the Crane farm. additional ten dollars for his work. That knife from a drunk who'd stabbed two Allan quickly donned clothes that was Pinkerton's first monetary reward as policemen; Pinkerton disguised as a made him look like a hick—the first a detective. waterfront thug locating a warehouse of many disguises he was to use—and In 1846, Allan became Yates' deputy of stolen goods; Pinkerton waiting night slouched over to the harness shop. In a sheriff, while reports of his "eye for out- after night under the counter of a busi- few minutes he was in the carriage with laws" spread through Illinois. He'd been ness house, finally catching burglars he the man, named Craig, directing him to a deputy less than a year when word expected. the Crane farm. Craig had him stay in came that Sheriff William Church of One Chicago newsman complained of the carriage while he visited Crane, but ILLUSTRATED BY JACK RUGE being swamped by reader mail claiming

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 25 CONTINUED vading the cemetery. He put a patrol of ALLAN PINKERTON ... Our Original Private Eye ten men around the grounds and set up a system of signal lines tied to stakes by that Pinkerton could not be real, that he an addition, too, largely because it for- which they might contact each other. must be a figment "of Sheriflf Church's ever sheltered an assortment of unfor- In less than a week, Allan and his men imagination." tunates, varying from fugitive slaves to caught two separate groups who'd been After Allan posed as a Rock Island reformed criminals. Pinkerton had hard- vandalizing the graves. Railroad ticket agent and solved a series ly launched his agency when he wrote In the summer of 1859, while travel- of embezzlements totaling $5,000, Rock that when a criminal has paid his debt ing through Tennessee on underground island's president John F. Tracy sug- to society, "Justice and human decency railroad business, Pinkerton stopped in gested that he set up his own detective demand that we help him to become an Columbia. When a man named Lowrey, agency. Tracy said that Rock Island, as honest and reputable citizen." He and president of the local bank, mentioned Joan practiced this creed in their private Allan's first client, would guarantee him the year-old murder of the bank's cash- $10,000 a year to protect the railroad against theft.

Allan refused at first. But Joan, who'd just given birth to twins, settled the mat- ter. "You can't turn down such an op- portunity," she said. They decided that the new "Pinkerton's National Detective Agency" should have a picture of a wide-open eye as a trademark and "We Never Sleep" as a slogan. Thus, there was nothing subtle about the later growth of the slang term "private eye." Pinkerton resigned from the Chicago police department. In his selection of staff he turned down experienced law- men and chose inexperienced applicants whom he trained himself to develop their powers of observation and reasoning and to do "painstaking spadework." He didn't let up on that training until they were "real Pinkertons."

Historians disagree as to whether Allan Pinkerton's private detective Confederate Gen. Gideon Pillow shows Pinkerton fortifi- agency, in opened Chicago in 1850 with cations at Memphis, little dreaming he is a Union spy. a force of nine men, was the first such agency in the world. The agency charged lives at considerable personal expense. ier, the detective offered to work on the all clients the same amount—three dol- One of Allan's narrow escapes was in case. lars a day for an ordinary operative, eight 1855 during a riot on Chicago's North Allan interviewed Columbians by the dollars for a detective supervisor, and Side, when he got caught in the middle scores, gathering every scrap of avail- $12 for Pinkerton himself—unless the of heavy pistol shooting between police able evidence. Jackson Carter, the cash- client himself chose other, long- some and rioters. But he seemed to lead a ier, had slept in the bank near the vault range agreement for protective or inves- charmed life, then and later, and came every night and opened the front door tigative services. In either case, charges out of it unscathed. Once, hired by a each morning. But one morning in 1858 were estimated in advance and were Chicago hotel to solve a jewel burglary, President Lowrey found the bank still never exceeded without the client's con- he disguised himself as a grimy work- closed. Discovering that the rear door sent. Pinkerton detectives were required man and caught the jewel thief on board had been broken open, Lowrey rushed to submit daily reports, itemizing all ex- a train leaving the city. As he started in and found Carter lying near his desk penses. They were allowed accept to no quietly to take the man into custody, the with his head crushed in. Officers found gifts or rewards of any kind. They were thief yelled out that Allan was trying to in the bank's furnace grate the charred forbidden to compromise with criminals steal his wallet. The passengers took one remains of what appeared to be an lOU for any reason whatsoever. They were look at the clean thief and the dirty de- from some unidentifiable debtor to not allowed to smoke, drink or gamble. tective and grabbed Pinkerton. The thief Carter. There was no other physical clue, They were to stay away from all ques- almost escaped before Allan could pro- and the local police had come to a dead tionable places and people unless their duce his credentials from an inside coat end. movements were in the line of duty. pocket. As a result of Pinkerton recover- In questioning people, Pinkerton in- Allan even insisted that his men "wear ing the jewels, several Chicago hotels stinctively wondered at what he discov- somber dress and avoid using slang." made arrangements with the agency for ered about the reactions of Carter's most In setting up the F.B.I., the late J. Edgar full-time protection of their guests' valu- intimate friend, John Slocum. When noti- Hoover followed many of Pinkerton's ables. fied of the murder, Slocum had refused precepts. In 1857, Allan was employed to catch to look at the cashier's body, saying his Chicago in 1850 was a city of some body snatchers in Chicago's Old French nerves couldn't stand such a horrible 30,000, in which crime of all kinds flour- Cemetery. Allan noted that some of the sight. Slocum had not entered the bank ished. The Pinkerton detectives .got re- graves were just torn up, without the since the murder, even though he depos-

sults so fast that new clients clamored bodies being removed, whereas others, ited with it the income from his rented for their services. Allan soon had to have from which bodies were taken, seemed properties. In fact, he had become almost more operatives and more office space. to have been carefully opened. He rea- a recluse—the only Columbian who re- His house on Adams Street had to have soned that two sets of culprits were in- fused to talk to Pinkerton. But the man

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 — was a respected local citizen and no one "I didn't hear anything, sir," she an- agency's best operatives would be al- had voiced suspicion that he might be swered. lowed to assist him. guilty of anything. "Will, surely you heard it?" Slocum Allan's first assignment was to deter- The detective, disguised as a trades- pleaded to Binney. mine the amount of pro-Union senti- man, finally got into Slocum's big, barn- "No, sir," Will answered, "I didn't ment and dig out available military data like house. After the exchange of a few hear a thing." in the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, words with Slocum and a look around, After a few days of this the detectives Mississippi and Louisiana. According to Allan was morally certain that he had cornered Slocum on a train leaving town Pinkerton's memoirs, nobody in the his man. Proving it was something else. —a move Pinkerton had been expecting. military knew his identity except Mc- Pinkerton noted that Slocum was liv- Slocum jumped from the train despite Clellan. As a scout behind Confederate ing alone in a house that needed servants. the Pinkerton efforts to stop him. He lines, he became "Mr. E.J. Allen of He learned that the man had a habit of landed in a gully and sustained injuries Augusta, Georgia," and in his contact hiring a housekeeper for a few days and from which he did not recover, but he with McClellan's stafl" he was "Major then firing her without saying why. To lived long enough to confess he'd mur- E.J. Allen." Pinkerton that meant that he was afraid dered Jackson Carter. He said he and Pinkerton sent his agents into various of contact with local people and wanted Carter had quarreled over a large per- Southern areas to identify possible Union nobody to know too much about him sonal debt he owed the cashier. He'd sympathizers along the way to support the perfect picture of a man living in fear planned the murder to look like robbery such federal troops as might arrive. for no apparent reason. and so executed it. Pinkerton himself—as E.J. Allen of When Will and Martha Binney, a Allan Pinkerton and Abraham Lin- Augusta—rode a train to Bowling Green, "traveling couple" secretly in the em- coln had been friendly ever since Allan Ky., bought a fine bay horse, and trotted ploy of the Pinkerton agency, became started investigating robberies for the placidly into Tennessee to begin his spy "stranded" in Columbia and applied for Illinois Central Railroad, with which tour. In Nashville, the "Yankee-hating work at the Slocum place, Slocum Lincoln was connected in a legal capac- Mr. Allen" enjoyed the hospitality of promptly hired Will as caretaker and ity. Early in 1861, Allan told the Presi- several Confederate officers. One of Martha as housekeeper. dent-elect that his men had discovered these, a Rebel colonel, confided his plan Bank president Lowrey said he didn't a plot to kill Lincoln en route to his first for poisoning federal troops. He would see how planting servants at Slocum's inauguration. He would be either stabbed fill several commissary wagons with could help even if the man was con- or shot while changing trains in Balti- whiskey that had been liberally laced nected with the murder, because Slocum more on his way to Washington. The with strychnine and then "abandon" the would have destroyed anything he may Baltimore police chief and several other wagons on the roads before oncoming have had that linked him with Carter. prominent men in the area were sus- Union soldiers. The colonel was a sur- "True," agreed the detective. "But the geon and knew where to get the strych- Binneys won't be looking for 'things.' They'll be attacking Slocum's nerves, striking his conscience. It's obvious his crime haunts him continually; all we have to do is make his burden of con- cealment too heavy for him to bear alone." Slocum awoke in the night to find his bed drenched in the strongly scented toilet water that Jackson Carter used to excess. He screamed for Will Binney. Will came running from ihe Binneys' room at the rear of the house, but he wasn't much comfort to the terrified The Rock Island Railroad persuaded Pink- Slocum because, he said, he couldn't erton to leave the Chicago police and set smell a thing. up his own detective agency in 1850. Pink- erton's wife, Joan, encouraged him to do Then Slocum found red ink splotches, it, and together they devised the agency's which he thought to be pected of being in the conspiracy, and blood, around on trademark (a wide-open eye) and its his property. Some appeared on white the whole area was a hotbed of political motto ("We never sleep.") blossoms just outside his bedroom win- hatreds that had been boiling since Lin- dow. Big red "J.C." tracings showed up coln's election. The Pinkertons spirited nine, but his junior officers weren't en- inside his newspapers. He "holed up" in the President-elect in and out of Balti- thusiastic about the plan and he wanted the center of the house in his library, more a night earlier, and Lincoln was the opinion of Mr. Allen. whereupon the Binneys ran a speaking safely in the Willard Hotel in Washing- "It's great!" he said. Then, thought- tube from the room to an opening bored ton nearly a day before his announced fully, he added, "But how can we be in the rear wall of the house. Allan and Baltimore stop. sure, with all our Southern sympathizers a Pinkerton operative named Green, who In late April of 1861, Allan Pinker- living around here, that some of them had joined him in Columbia, took turns ton's friend, George B. McClellan. sent won't find a wagon of the whiskey?" groaning into the tube, always while both word for him to come secretly to Ohio. The colonel thought about that and Binneys were in the room with their General McClellan was preparing to take gave up the plan. employer. command of the newly organized Mili- "Mr. Allen" rode on to Memphis. He The first time Slocum heard the long, tary Department of the Ohio, with head- registered in a hotel, strolled about the undulating, miserable groan, he jumped quarters in Cincinnati. He offered the city, and began making friends and see- from his chair. detective a Civil War commission as a ing the sights. Martha Binney asked gently, "Is Union major with duties limited entirely At a hotel bar he had a drink with something wrong, sir?" to gathering intelligence for the Depart- Confederate Gen. Gideon Pillow, who Slocum whispered, "That noise—what ment. Allan accepted after McClellan was fortifying Memphis at the time. The was it?" agreed that several of the Pinkerton {Continued on page 58)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 27 —

Editors' Note: IVe publisli here an acri- monious debate, of a sort, between a Sena- tor and a federal Administrator on the Veterans Administration's program care on Current of A Debate for veteran drug addicts. Neither party to the debate can he said to hare been mucli concerned about the SENATOR ALAN CRANSTON feelings of the other, all of which, by mod- ern journalistic standards, makes it "good reading." vs

We don't publish it the "good read- for Administrator of Veterans Affairs—DONALD E.JOHNSON ing." We publish it because between these cliarges and countercharges, readers may better sense the questions, problems, cir- would have more veteran ex-addict counselors, cumstances ami perhaps some of the politics more realistic intake regula- tions; and provide comprehensive follow- that are uppermost in top official minds along rehabilitation services. about veteran drug addicts and their treat- ment. About $42 million would be required this year to adequately staff 60 clinics. The debate was started by Sen. Alan The VA budget for drug treatment this Cranston, of California, in a speech to a year is a mere $23.3 million. However private organization on June 16. What we there is no sense in increasing the budget publish is not the whole speech, but the re- until a law is passed that directs the VA lease about it issued by Senator Cranston's to do a more comprehensive job so as to office. increase the demand for help by veterans On .lune 19, VA Administrator Donald who need help. The VA should be re- E. .lohnson answered Sen. Cranston in a Senator Cranston quired to contract with outside agencies news conference, and what we publish is for drug treatment and rehabilitation. the release put out by the VA. As the se- important aspects of their own drug pro- The VA cannot handle 100.000 addicts quence of events was (1) Cranston's charges grams. or even half that number by itself. and (2) Johnson's answer, we publish them Cranston is author of the proposed The VA suggests that it has the prob- in fh'it order. Veterans Drug and Alcohol Treatment lem under control because in most in- and Rehabilitation Act of 1971 (S.2108) stances there are no waiting lists of vet- From Sen. Cranston's Office, for release which would mandate a broad range of erans for admission to the various drug Friday, June 16, 1972: medical and rehabilitative services for dependency units. On the contrary, this the addicted veteran regardless of his startling fact is evidence that the VA is Alan Cranston (D-Calif.) SENATOR type of discharge and whether or not his not doing its job and that tens of thou- today scored the inadequacy of cur- habit is service-connected. Cranston's sands of veteran addicts on the street rent drug treatment programs run by the bill would also expand treatment for today simply have no faith in the VA Veterans Administration and the armed veteran-addicts and require that the VA drug treatment programs. forces. contract with community agencies when New York City illustrates the prob- charged that He Vietnam veteran ad- it cannot provide adequate care prompt- lem. There are more than 10.000 ad- dicts "have so little confidence in the ly. dicted veterans living in New York City, VA's ability to help them that thousands He said he expects the Veterans Affairs yet on March 1, the VA was treating a are reluctant to seek VA treatment." Committee to report the bill favorably grand total of 548. Local programs, by And he said that despite the military's next week "and hopefully it will pass the contrast, are treating 3,500 veterans with offer of amnesty to addicts, their efforts Senate within a month." additional thousands on their waiting to rehabilitate servicemen who became Following are excerpts from the Sena- lists. The VA has just taken a minimal addicted while in the ranks have been tor's remarks: step forward by contracting for the re- "half-hearted, poorly coordinated and in- Theoretically—and it is difficult to habilitation of 2.000 veterans during the effective." speak more than theoretically because next 12 months. Cranston, who is chairman of the the VA is very vague about many aspects A major reason for the lack of demand Senate Veterans Affairs Subcommittee of its drug abuse treatment program on the VA is the extremely narrow nature on Health and Hospitals, said the lack the VA now has the capacity to treat of its treatment program. We suspect that of waiting lists at VA drug dependency about 12,000 patients annually but it is most of the VA programs are methadone units is not a sign of success but rather only beginning to scratch the surface of maintenance. The VA's failure to pro- is "evidence that tens of thousands of the problem. vide comprehensive, multi-modality, veteran addicts on the street today simply VA centers are currently treating only community-based, relevant rehabilitation have no faith in the VA." about 5,600 veteran patients. There are programs is one of the most serious de- Cranston spoke this morning before an estimated 100,000 veteran addicts in fects in its drug abuse program, and ex- the Institute for the Study of Health and the U.S. and this figure is growing rapid- plains in large part, why Vietnam veteran Society which met at Washington's May- ly. addicts have so little confidence in the flower Hotel. Only 36 treatment units are now open VA's ability to help them and are so He estimated there are more than and they are grossly understaffed and un- reluctant to seek VA treatment. 100,000 addicted or drug abusing veter- derfinanced. The VA plans to increase Many addicts—particularly young, ans in the U.S. today "and their numbers this number to about 44 in the next sev- short-term addicts—are not suitable can- are growing rapidly." But he said only eral months but if the VA were doing its didates for methadone maintenance, yet about 5,600 of them are currently under- job properly—including aggressive out- this is the only modality of treatment going treatment at VA centers. reach—it would need at least 60 such available to veterans at many VA units Cranston also charged that VA and centers. And they would all offer multi- throughout the country. Amazingly, the military officials are ignorant of some modality programs, not just methadone; VA does not even know how many of the

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 —

Care for\feteran Drug Addicts

5,600 veterans currently being treated status. This has discouraged many veter- were reviewed by DOD, and, incredibly, for drug addiction are being maintained ans. only 50 were upgraded to honorable.

on methadone. Nor does it know iiow Despite protestations to the contrary, Purportedly, the Defense Department many of its treatment programs now offer we have reports indicating the VA is re- established an amnesty program [for multi-modality treatment, or iiow many luctant to hire former addicts as counsel- addicts with bad discharges] last sum- offer only methadone maintenance. These ors. This is another striking deficiency mer. But in general, the military's efforts figures, I understand, will not be avail- of the VA programs which particularly to rehabilitate men who have become ad- able until August. discourages members of minority groups dicted while in the ranks have been half- There are no reliable statistics to indi- from seeking treatment. hearted, poorly coordinated, and ineffec- cate the success rates of the individual The VA does not now have authority tive. Figures are not available on the treatment units, or for the various mo- to treat all veteran addicts regardless of number of men who are being rehabili- dalities of treatment employed such as the nature of their discharge or a finding tated, and little hard data is available methadone maintenance or drug free, of service connection. This has been a regarding the effectiveness of various encounter-style therapy. major deterrent to veterans who need and military treatment programs. Indeed, the

Some veterans have been reluctant want help and cannot get it at the VA. Special Action Office in the White House to enter VA treatment programs for A serviceman who is detected as an addict does not even know how many service- fear that their addiction will not be kept in service and is involved in behavior fre- men are being treated or who have been confidential. This fear has been well- quently attendant to drug abuse, such as treated under military treatment pro- founded. Prior to enactment of the recent repeated AWOL's, may receive either a grams. comprehensive drug act (SAODAP) the dishonorable or an undesirable dis- Both the military and the VA have VA has provided information about the charge. These veterans are not eligible great difficulty in making the transition

veteran addict it treats to agencies such for VA treatment. They should be if we from initial identification and detoxifica- as the Post Office and the Civil Service are going to lick this problem. tion of addicts, to the painstaking, long-

Commission which request it. The Department of Defense says it is term rehabilitation process. The military, VA drug treatment regulations are changing drug-related "bad" discharges for example, does not seem to realize

extremely restrictive in many cases In to "under honorable"' conditions. Be- that an addict is not rehabilitated simply New York, for example, the veteran has tween last August when the review pro- by undergoing a urinalysis test or a 30- had to undergo six weeks of in-patient gram was established and the beginning day "drying out" period. [End of release care before he could go to an outpatient of this year, only 976 bad discharges from Sen. Cranston's office.]

Statement by Donald E. Johnson, Ad- number of veterans treated the previous ministrator of Veterans Affairs, at news year, and the potential for treatment will, conference, Washington, June 19, 1972: of course, be considerably enhanced next year as we continue our expansion. IN A SPEECH delivered last Friday I submit that this gratifying and in- (June 16), Senator Alan Cranston creasing response to VA drug programs was quite critical of the Veterans Ad- alone refutes charges by Senator Cran- ministration's drug treatment programs. ston that veterans have no faith in VA In general, he was saying the VA pro- drug treatment. grams are inadequate, and that they I do not know how the Senator ar- were being shunned by veterans. rives at his "estimate" of 100,000 vet-

To this I would respond that I am in eran addicts, but since it can be only complete disagreement with the Senator. that—an "estimate"—I will not take Senator Cranston also spoke of the Administrator Johnson issue with the figure other than to specu- need for VA drug treatment and rehabili- late that it may be calculated as much tation legislation. drug treatment budget by an additional for purposes of alarm as accuracy. In this respect I could not be in more $14-million to assist in "the immediate Whatever the number of veteran ad- complete agreement with the Senator. development and emplacement of VA dicts. Senator Cranston deplores the fact We do need legislation, and we would rehabilitation centers which will permit that every one of them is not seeking be most grateful to the Senator if he both inpatient and outpatient care of ad- treatment from the VA right at this would translate his rhetoric into action dicts in a community setting." moment. He could have, just as tellingly, on the Hill. I believe that VA progress in drug come up with a figure for total addic- He could, for instance, report out treatment in just the past year has been tion in America, and then deplore the legislation long ago passed by the House, truly remarkable. fact—for fact it would be—that all of which his Senate subcommittee has been For example, VA accomplished a six- these addicts are not now in treatment in dawdling over for nearly a year. fold increase in the number of special some facility. The kind of criticism leveled bv Sena- drug treatment centers it operates. We The Senator must know that all addicts

tor Cranston ignores the outstanding went from five to 32 centers in the last ... be they veterans or non-veterans . . .

record of achievement that has been half of 1971 . . . and, on top of this, we do not automatically clamor for treat- logged by the VA since President Nixon plan to add still another 12 of these ment. Most medical drug experts agree, I

. —in his message of June 1 7, 1 97 1 special units within the next 30 days. believe, that many addicts, unfortu- asked Congress to join him in an all-out We will have treated some 20,000 nately, must hit the bottom of the ad- battle against drug abuse in America. drug-addicted veterans during the fiscal versity barrel before they are motivated As a part of that message, the Presi- year ending the 30th of this month. That to turn to VA or any other treatment dent asked Congress to increase VA's is about a 300-per cent increase over the agency. And, at least so our doctors tell

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 29 1

CONTINUED A Debate on Current Care for Veteran Drug Addicts

me, the motivation factor . . . the per- Despite glowing talk about VA drug and rehabilitation, and full legal author-

sonal and voluntary resolve to end their legislation he plans to act on . . . and ity to enter into contracts with outside torment ... is the ail-important first step this in the face of an abominable record agencies for drug treatment and re-

in rehabilitation. of inaction . . . Senator Cranston is sitting habilitation.

There is still another hangup in pro- on other legislative authorizations he has If these needed authorizations sound

viding treatment for many veterans, and been told the VA needs . . . and needs familiar to those of you exposed to I refer here to those veterans who want desperately ... to permit us to give vet- Senator Cranston's remarks-—they should VA treatment, but are barred because of erans even more effective drug treatment. —because for the most part they are the nature of their discharges from mili- These authorizations are contained in exactly what he is saying VA needs. The tary service. H.R. 9265 passed by the House on July Senator, however, somehow manages to

The Senator knows this, for in his 19, 1971. I urged Senator Cranston to make it sound as though he is going to

speech he described it as "a major de- take action in a letter I sent him last have to jam them down a reluctant VA terrent to veterans who need and want March 24, and then again in a June 1, throat.

help and cannot get it at the VA." He 1972 letter, I appealed to both Senator My June 1 letter does make clear that added that veterans with "bad" dis- Cranston and Senator Vance Hartke, we do indeed have some differences with charges are not eligible for VA treat- chairman of the parent Senate committee Senator Cranston over VA drug legis- ment, and then declared, "They should of Cranston's subcommittee. lation. But it also points out that the wel- be if we are going to lick this problem." I asked the Senators for their "assist- fare of our veterans demands action now

To this Senatorial declaration, I add ance in expediting legislation . . . that by passing the long-stalled House legis- "Amen." we need desperately ... to provide drug lation, and that any needed refinements The truth, however, is that President treatment and rehabilitation service to all can come later.

Nixon a full year ago asked Congress for former servicemen in a truly effective I want to assure you that VA has been authority for VA to provide drug treat- way." making progress—real progress—in its

ment to veterans regardless of the na- In my June 1 letter ... in addition to efforts to help veterans caught up in drug ture of their military discharge. Author- asking again for authority to provide abuse. ity for this was granted in legislation drug treatment regardless of discharge To this assurance I must add, how- passed by the House—exactly 1 ... I also appealed for authority to ever, the admonition that we can never months ago today—and yet this needed provide outpatient treatment without be fully effective in helping these un- legislation has been bottled up in Senator prior admission to a VA hospital; author- fortunate veterans until Senator Cran-

Cranston's subcommittee ever since. ity for alternate modalities of treatment ston sees fit to legislate rather than orate. THE END

1

Psychiatrist and former addicts staff a VA drug clinic in Houston, Tex.

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 35 THE AMERICAN LEGION IN CHICAGO

54th National Convention, Aug. 1972

The two major Presidential candidates speak to the Legion Convention.

THE 54th National Convention of every seat to hear major addresses by The American Legion was held in the two major party Presidential candi- Chicago, 111., Aug. 18-24. 1972. On suc- dates—Sen. George McGovern and cessive days in the Arie Crown Theater President Richard M. Nixon. The Presi- of Chicago's huge, modern McCormick dent's appearance marked his first public Place, delegates and spectators filled address following the Republican con-

Delegates on convention floor. A Legion forum on Children & Youth, open to all.

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972

CONTINUED THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION

vention. Serious business, a host of started his speech in an almost hostile did not seem to feel that this was typical crowded social affairs, pageantry, some way by reciting his war record and telling of Sen. McGovern's known views. Their

novelties (including the first night ses- delegates that as he is a Legionnaire "you widely reported enthusiasm for the Presi- sion of a Legion Convention and several might disagree with me but you can't dent's remarks on defense, and on nego- forums open to all) marked a well-at- disown me." This was an unhappy tiating with unfriendly nations from a tended and lively meeting. A Chicago phrase. After that, some of his talk was posture of strength, emerged in inter- paper placed the crowd watching the a pretty good "Legion speech." In mak- views with delegates as enthusiasm based Legion's seven hour parade on Michigan ing political copy of the two candidates' also on his past record and his perform- Ave., Aug. 21, at a quarter million, but appearances, the news media interviewed ance in the White House. that is probably an exaggeration. Hot many Legionnaires present on the "cool- It is rather embarrassing to the Legion, and humid weather was a drawback to ness" and "politeness" of their reaction which is non-partisan, to have the con- marching and viewing alike. In balmier to Mr. McGovern. The consensus of trast in its reception of two candidates night weather, a huge throng saw the these interviews seemed to be that the be so marked as to excite nationwide great pageantry of the Legion's National phrases that should have pleased Legion- comment. In most election years, all can- Drum & Bugle Corps competition in naires the most were inconsistent with didates are received with equal warmth. Soldier Field, where the Senior and previous positions taken by Sen. McGov- The Legion is pretty well divided be- Junior titles were won, respectively, by ern or with his official platform. tween Democrats and Republicans, and the Crusaders of Rochester, N.Y.. and Both candidates spoke for a national perhaps the majority are Democrats by the Argonne Rebels of Great Bend, defense "second to none." The delegates party affiliation (To Next Page.)

Kans. At the clo-'-e of the Convention, Joe L. Matthews, of Ft. Worth, Tex., was unanimously elected National Com- PLANNING FOR AMERICA'S BICENTENNIAL mander for 1972-73. Newspapers, radio. TV and newsmag- azines reported that the delegates re- ceived President Nixon with enthusiasm and Sen. McGovern "coolly" and "po- ]itely."Both are Legionnaires with honor- able war service. Senator McGovern

WINNERS OF FOUR FORDS IN SEAGRAM DRAWING

Auxiliary and Legion members share views on celebrating America's 200th Birthday.

AT Chicago, the Legion's nat'l "Spirit of '76" Committee was able to share views and plans for the first time with 200th anniversary representatives of the Legion and Auxiliary from the separate states. Most states were represented in two days of meetings. Committee Chmn John Jones (W.Va.) and Ray McHugh (D.C.) outlined nat'l plans to date, of

which a top project is major Legion par- ticipation in a federal memorial to WWl Outgoing Nat'l Auxiliary President, Mrs. Gen. John J. Pershing, to be erected in Robert Parker, Okie., draws a winner. the Capital, facing up Pennsylvania Ave. Plans are well advanced after more than DRAWING for four Ford automo- 50 years in which the nat'l memorial to THE Ray McHugh (right). Spirit of '76 Committee biles sponsored by the Seagram Posts Pershing went unfinished. This memorial member, outlines plans for Pershing Memo- was held before the spectators at the would be a central symbolic observation, rial. Left, Committee Chmn John Jones (W.Va.). Drum & Bugle Corps contest at Soldier tying in with Legion history. Vastly more Field, Sunday evening, Aug. 20. complex will be the other national and Winners of the Fords, subject to con- many local observations of the Bicenten- firmation of their membership, were: nial. The Committee submitted many de- Jeremiah J. Creeden, Post 150, New- tailed plans, and the participants at Chi- buryport, Mass.; Clarence Linenfelser, cago offered a large number of others Post 247, Giidden. Wis.; Arthur L. that are either under way or projected Rodgers, Post 27, Sallisaw, Okla.; and in their states. At right is the proposed Harry J. Lutz, Post 156, Kirkwood, Mo. Legion '76 emblem.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 President Richard IVl. Nixon is introduced to the Convention by outgoing National Commander John H. Geiger (III.)-

The Convention adopted 138 resolu- On the question of amnesty for Viet- magazine, and in Nat'l Cmdr John tions, the fewest in many years, and it nam draft evaders and deserters, the Geiger's testimony in the Senate last had fewer presented to it than in most delegates reiterated last year's policy in winter.) recent years. more precise language, specifying that The Convention called for a high legis- Many of the 138 adopted were affir- the Legion opposes any blanket amnesty lative priority on a resolution to ask mations of previous policy, but some and calls for a review of all cases under Congress to protect magazines from un- were either new or of more than passing existing legal procedures. (The good bearable postal charges. current interest. (All resolutions adopted sense of this policy was spelled out in The Convention made the formation are summarized starting on p. 45.) factual detail in the May issue of this of new Legion posts a top priority pro-

LEGION DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDALS TO SEN. STENNIS, DEWITT WALLACE

Sen. Stennis DeWitt Wallace The Seachanters

Two Americans received the Legion's Dis- Digest. Sen. Stennis responded by giving lanthropies, brought on the Navy chorus tinguished Service Medal at Chicago. They the keynote address of the Convention. —The Seachanters—to entertain the con- were Sen. John C. Stennis (Miss.) and De- Mr. Wallace, cited for both the character vention in a better fashion, he said, than Witt Wallace, co-founder of the Reader's of his magazine and for his many phi- would his oratory.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 39 NUED THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION

ject for the national and state organiza- tions. (With shifts in population, vet- erans in many areas are not being accom- modated by nearby Legion posts.) The Convention asked the U.S. to par- ticipate in a United Nations effort to obtain international agreement on the limits of all nations' territorial waters. The Legion's constitution was amended to remove national recognition of the 40&8 as a Legion affiliate. This was a '"housekeeping" resolution to update the constitution, since active 40&8 affili- ation was withdrawn by Executive Committee action 13 years ago. The government was asked to expe- dite construction of the Trans-Alaska pipeline. The Convention called for restoration of patriotic holidays to their original dates, removing them from the "Monday holiday" category. (Four states have now moved Veterans Day back to Nov. 11, and one, Oklahoma, never did con- form to the federal "Monday holiday" act that put Veterans Day in October.) The Convention Patriotic Religious service, presided over Resolutions from 26 states had been sent by outgoing Nat'l Chaplain Rev. Paul J. Schwaab (Nebr.)

FIRST NATIONAL CONVENTION, SONS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION

The first Nat'l officers of the Sons of The American Legion: Vice Cmdr Some of the delegates in attendance at the East, Ernest Wilson, Jr. (N.J. ); Nat'l Cmdr Robert H. Faust (Calif.); Vice first Nat'l Convention of the Sons of The CmdrWest, Bryan R. 0'Boyle(Tex.); Nat'l ChaplainJamesHartman(Md.) American Legion, held in Chicago in August.

T^HE Legion's Nat'l Convention in (above, left). Appointments to other Chicago was site of the first Nat'l national offices and chairmanships were Convention of the Sons of The Ameri- made by S.A.L. Cmdr Faust and ap- can Legion. A total of 24 detachments proved by S.A.L.'s NEC following ad- (states) were represented, and more than journment of the Convention. 400 delegates, guests and S.A.L. advisors In his acceptance speech as leader of were present. the 18,000-member organization, Cmdr The two-day Convention, held on Faust outlined five goals he will strive to

Aug. 19-20, was chaired by Nat'l S.A.L. attain in the coming year: ( I ) A Sons Chmn John Smolinsky (at left). The organization in every department; (2) keynote address was made by Anthony An increase in membership to a total of Rigoni, of the narcotics section of the 22,000 members: (3) Expansion of Chicago Police Dept's Vice Control Di- Americanism and other patriotic pro- vision, and many distinguished Legion grams; (4) Development of expanded leaders appeared to welcome the S.A.L. squadron programs; and (5) Raising of Convention and brief the delegates. adequate funds to carry out plans for The Convention ended with the elec- the future of the S.A.L. The 1973 S.A.L. Temporary S.A.L. Chmn John Smolinsky (Mass.) tion of the first Nat'l S.A.L. officers Convention will be held in Honolulu.

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 Five representative Legion youths greet tlie Convention. They are: Boys Nation President Gregory L. Hack (Kans.); Rod- rigo Guerra, Jr. (Calif.), Boys CIgbs of America; Larry A. Eisenberg (III.), Boy Scouts of America; Randy G. Haas (Calif.), 1971 American Legion Baseball Player of the Year, and Thomas W. Joiner (S.C.), 1972 Oratorical Champion. Joiner in- terrupted his visit to the Legion Convention to officially recite the Pledge of Allegiance at the Republican Convention.

to the Convention asking restoration of the original dates of Memorial Day and Veterans Day. The Convention asked for official in- vestigations of private citizens who have been dealing with North Vietnam in various ways, to determine the legality of some of these dealings with a nation that is an active military belligerent against the U.S. The only committee report that was changed by the full Convention was to adopt a motion from the floor by a Cali- fornia delegate specifically naming Jane Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley offi- Admiral Thomas H. Moorer, Chairman of cially greets the Legion Convention at Fonda in the above connection. The the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, was one of its opening session, Tuesday, August 22. more general resolution from the Ameri- the outstanding speakers to the full Con- canism Committee dealt with any and vention. all such people, rather than with indi- viduals. A third adopted resolution on the subject questioned the activities of Rep. Paul McCloskey vis-a-vis North Vietnam—as recommended by the For- eign Relations Committee. The Convention adopted a resolution abolishing all rules in its programs for youth—such as American Legion Base- ball, Oratorical Contest, Boys' States, etc. —which restrict hair length, hair styles, etc., and it forbade such rules in Legion programs. However, the resolu- tion expressly upheld rules needed for health and safety. This may not change Art Linkletter, one of outstanding several anything in one novel aspect of "hair Administrator of Veterans Affairs and Past speakers to a special open forum on Chil- Nat'l Legion Commander Donald E. John- style" problems, but only the approach dren & Youth, gives his views on drug son gets a special award for his service to abuse. to it. Thus a Legion baseball player who the Nation's veterans.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 41 CONTINUED THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION.

"9 !*^Ff'

The Arie Crown Theater, in Chicago's McCormick Place, as the 54th Legion Convention convened, Tuesday evening, Aug. 22, 1972.

can't get his safety helmet on because of mittee on Constitutional Amendments the Legion itself in such challenges. the bush on his head will not be told to got the most debate from the delegates. The biggest debate was on proposals cut his hair, but will be told he must In effect, the 3,081 delegates constituted to extend the eligibility dates for Legion wear the helmet correctly. How he man- themselves a committee of the whole on membership—to permit veterans whose ages it is his problem. This abolition of it. They initially rejected the entire re- service did not include dates of actual rules that were once considered correct port of the committee. The Convention hostilities to become Legionnaires. The but have become outdated with changes then debated the whole report for sev- committee had recommended rejection, in men's hair styles came not a moment eral hours on Wed. Aug. 23, running the and only after prolonged debate was that too soon. A considerable number of session from a scheduled 3 p.m. closing recommendation upheld by a rollcall male elders of the Legion at Chicago to nearly 6 p.m. Finally, in a series vote— 1,690 to 1,360, with 31 not voting. had hairdos in the current mode, as wit- of votes, the delegates affirmed the en- A Convention innovation was the ness the photos of committee chairmen tire committee report piecemeal. scheduling of four forums, three of them Horton and Lenihan on page 45. The first item debated was the "house- open meetings on (1) youth, (2) defense A large number of adopted resolutions keeping" resolution on the 40&8, to ex- and foreign affairs and (3) veterans af- sought improvement in veterans benefits punge from the Constitution references fairs and benefits. The fourth forum was —many of them specifically for Vietnam to the 40&8 which have been without a special meeting of Vietnam Legion- veterans. Among them were requests for meaning for 13 years. After clarifica- naires designated to attend the forum mustering-out pay for Vietnam vets, for tion, the amendment was adopted by by the various state organizations. better educational benefits and an ex- more than the two-thirds vote needed. The forum on youth had an array of tension of time to use them, and for The key issue was that continued recog- outstanding speakers, young and old, and vocational rehabilitation for disabled nition of the 40&8 in the Legion's Con- was attended by a large crowd. Second Vietnam veterans at least on a par with stitution might endanger the Legion's in popularity was the forum on defense that received by WW2 and Korea vets. tax-exempt status. The 40&8 still main- and foreign affairs, blessed by outstand- If the "Jane Fonda resolution" was tains its white membership clause, and ing speakers on both subjects from gov- the only one adopted that went beyond the tax-exemption of such organizations ernment and civilian life. a Convention Committee recommenda- is now under legal challenge. Even paper The veterans affairs forum was poorly tion, the report of the Convention Com- recognition of the 40&8 might involve attended, but may have gained experi-

The Delaware Legion wins the Hearst In dark suits are A. B. Fennell (S.C.) and The "Fourth EstateAward" goes toAgustin Americanism Award for 1972, and it is James F. O'Neil (N.H.) as they get awards E. Edwards (rt.) former publisher of El Mer- accepted by immediate Past Com- at Past Commanders' lunch. Fennell serves curio, Santiago, Chile, and Past President, mander Joseph Stahl. on Economic Commission, O'Neil is Publisher InterAmerican PressAss'n, many of whose of the American Legion Magazine. members were present to hail the award. Here, Nat'l Cmdr Geiger greets Edwards. 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 Secretary of the Navy John Warner, who Pete Rozelle (left), Commissioner of the National Football League, and Bowie Kuhn, briefed the special open forum on defense- Commissioner of Baseball. Each got a special citation from the Legion for the and foreign-affairs on U.S. naval defense. war on drug abuse waged by their leagues in booklets and on the airwaves. ence for holding better ones in the fu- The Convention was presided over by West Springfield, Mass.; Mrs. Pierce J. ture. It suffered from being held in a outgoing Nat'l Cmdr John Geiger, of Clark, White Bear, Minn.; Mrs. Norville room ill-fitted for a large group confer- Illinois. In one of his presentations. D. Johnson. Alva. Okla., and Mrs. Elliott ence, and much of its subject matter was Geiger called to the stage Louise Phillips. W. Burdett. Seattle. Wash.; Nat'l Chap- extremely technical. This made it chiefly Commander of the 13th Legion District lain. Mrs. Oscar Nelson. Fresno, CaHf., of interest to service officers, who pre- of Florida, and gave her a special ci- and Historian. Mrs. Elizabeth Fisher, sumably were already familiar with the tation for outstanding performance as Flemington, N.J. material covered. A format geared to a district leader in the Ft. Myers area. The new President of the American non-experts in the complex field of vet- Harold A. Cummins, of Chicago, was Legion Press Association is Emerson O. erans affairs might enjoy a different re- President of special Illinois corporation Mann (Ky.): of the Founders, Oscar sult. Lost in this year's forum was an whose job was to put on the Convention. Wenstrand, Iowa. Mrs. Hazel A. Carlson excellent presentation by a VA official As one token of its success, Cmdr (Minn.) was re-elected President of the of the contrast between Vietnam benefits Geiger was able to announce that every Historians. Harry Wright, of Mexico and those for Korea and WW2 vets. "A registration packet had been "sold out" City, was named president of FODPAL, pity," said a service officer from Georgia, by Sunday evening, Aug. 20. the ass'n of overseas Legionnaires. "that this magnificent presentation wasn't Legion Employer of the Year Awards When the Convention was over, the made at the Vietnam vets' forum." —for hiring veterans, the disabled and Nat'l Executive Committee met. It re- The Vietnam Legionnaires met for the elderly—were given to George A. appointed Nat'l Adj't William F. two full days in their own meeting to Hormel & Co.. of Austin, Minn, and the Hauck. Nat'l Judge Advocate Bertram chew on their role in the Legion—what A. B. and J.R. Hodgkins Co.. of Bar Davis. Nat'l Treasurer Francis Polen and they wanted in it and what they owed it Harbor, Me. Nat'l Sgt. at Arms Howard Larson, and as a new generation of Legionnaires. B. B. Hester. President of the Legion's it appointed Mrs. Loretta O. Phillips As their spokesman and chairman Houston convention corporation, ac- (Cal.) to be Nat'l Historian. It set Oct. they elected Burdette Conover, of Iowa, cepted a citation for the city of Houston 16-17 as the date for the Conference of who presented a full report of their con- for its hosting of last year's convention Dep't Cmdrs and Adj'ts, and Oct. 17-18- sensus to a business session of the Legion —on behalf of Houston Mayor Louie 19 for the fall meeting of the Executive Convention. Welch. Committee. Both the latter will be at The excellent report covered more Robert G. Smellie. Dominion Presi- Indianapolis, following the Homecom- groend than can be summarized here. dent of the Royal Canadian Legion, ing in Fort Worth. Tex., of Nat'l Cmdr The ideas in it were energetic. Conover brought the Convention the greetings of Joe Matthews. Oct. 13-14. The Wash- said that the Vietnam vets were ready his organization. ington Conference was set for Feb. 26- to accept leadership roles, "but don't At its concurrent Nat'l Convention. March 2. with the dinner to Congress on give them to us, make us earn them. The American Legion Auxiliary elected Feb. 28. The spring NEC meeting was Once having earned them, however, we the following nat'l officers: set for May 2-3. with commission meet- ." will expect them. . He noted that three President. Mrs. Thomas G. Chilton. ings April 30-May 1. (more next 8 pages) Vietnam vets have already become Le- Superior, Ariz.; Vice President, Mrs. gion Department (state) Commanders, B. M. Jarrett, Shelby, N.C.; Divisional Convention photos and text by R. B. while many more have been Post and Vice Presidents—Mrs. Louis Unfer, Pitkin, Al Marsiiall. John Andreola. James Swartz and Roy Miller. District Commanders. Champaign, 111.; Mrs. Edward Wellman.

Vietnam Legionnaire Burdette Conover The President of the American Medical James M. Mayer, a disabled Vietnam vet (Iowa), chmn of the Convention's special Ass'n, Dr. Chas. A. Hoffman, tells Con- and President of the Nat'l Association of conference of Vietnam Legionnaires, re- vention of the nation's medical problems. Collegiate Veterans, Inc., brings word from ports on that meeting to the Convention. Vietnam veterans who are now in college.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 43 CONTINUED THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION

A LEGION convention is marlced by social events at which friends widely separated geographically get together once a year, to their immense enjoy- ment. The photos here only show a few of these happy occasions. There are 56 state or "department" or- ganizations many of which invite their friends in for a soiree. Washington State and Puerto Rico were among many which did so in Chicago, and there's no tally of all of them. Groups within the Legion, such as the Historians, the Legion Press Ass'n, the Founders, the foreign de- partments (Fodpal), the Past Com- manders, the 20&4, the 8&40 and others conduct their business meetings and break bread simultaneously. An innova- tion this year was the Host City Ball, a big shindig in the Conrad Hilton open to all who registered and their families.

Seagram Posts party for Distinguished Guests. Above, Dan O'Sullivan, a host for the Seagram Posts (second of members outgoing Nat'l Cmdr John Geiger's family. from left), with new Nat'l Cmdr Matthews and friends.

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 .

FINANCE SUMMARY OF 501. Asks priority action by the Nat'l Leqislctive Comm'n to petition Congress to amend the Postal RESOLUTIONS Reorganization Act to afford relief to second-class mailers from excessive rate increases. ELEVEN convention committees met INTERNAL AFFAIRS AND MEMBERSHIP in advance of the full business 274. Supports legislation to establish shoreside facilities at USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl meetings and recommended action on all Harbor. 333. Seeks U.S. postal stomp honoring veterans resolutions to offered the Convention. of Spanish-American War in 1973. With one exception, the committee rec- 372. Eliminates and forbids rules governing hair style, length, etc. for participants in Legion pro- ommendations were adopted by the full grams; expressly does not abrogate rules for Convention, but not without consider- health and safety. 478. Asks continuation of annual National Mem- able debate on a couple of them. bership Workshop. 479. Seeks to make formation of new Posts a The committees considered 511 reso- priority project and calls for Department and lutions. The sense of 241 of them was National efforts to this end. 480. Stresses importance of Posts' continuing to embodied in 37 resolutions that were aid veterans' families at time of death, including funeral rituals. included in the 138 resolutions adopted. 481. Re-emphasizes importance of proper use of Seventy-nine were referred for more Post Commander's guide. 482. Underlines the importance of strict adherence study, 75 were rejected and 1 5 were re- to local laws by Legion Posts. ceived and recorded. A "received and LEGISLATION AND RULES 443. Recommends Legion awards to Posts which resolution is sense recorded" one whose actively support Legion Legislative program. is approved, but whose passage is not CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS necessary for one reason or another 332. A technical resolution amending the Legion's Constitution to conform with action taken a (existing policy, already implemented, decade ago, with respect to the 40 & 8. no longer needed, etc.) FOREIGN RELATIONS Following is a digest of all adopted 3. Reaffirms call for elimination of communist regime in Cuba and continuation of present resolutions. The digest is a guide to the U.S. policy toward that country. sense of the resolutions and should not 6. Seeks greater military and financial participa- tion in NATO by other members and no reduction he construed as representing their exact of troop strength without balanced reduction by Warsaw Pact nations. terms. Legionnaires interested in the full 101. Opposes U.S. ratification of proposed UN text of a resolution for some particular Genocide Convention. 251. Opposes our providing funds to reopen the reason may ask for it (by number and Suez Canal. 277. Opposes U.S. recognition of heading that appears below) from: Ar- Red China un- less acceptable terms are met; asks that pres- chives, American Legion National Hq., ent relations with Taiwan be maintained, and that release of certain POWs in Red China be P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. negotiated. (Continued)

Seen liere are the chairmen of the convention committees that screened all resolutions.

AMERICANISM CHILDREN, CONSTITUTIONAL Daniel O'Connor YOUTH AMENDMENTS Eric Smith (rt.) of Illinois and friends at the New York Earl Franklin, Jr. Alfonse Wells new open house party—the Host City Ball. Colorado Illinois

ECONOMIC FINANCE FOREIGN INTERNAL Clarence Campbe Churchill Williams RELATIONS AFFAIRS Vermont Iowa Thomas Whelan Donald Smith N. Dakota Michigan

LEGISLATION MEMBERSHIP NATIONAL VETS AFFAIRS, Clarence Horton William Gormley SECURITY REHABILITATION Canadian and American veterans and friends Alabama Pennsylvania Emmett Lenihan William Lenker break bread at luncheon of Anavicus society. Washington S. Dakota

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 45 —

SUMMARY OF RESOLUTIONS (CONT'D) 278. Seeks continued close relations with Japan; asks that she take a larger part in Pacific politi- cal, economic and defense matters. 279. Urges continuation of arms aid to Israel and assistance to bring a peaceful Israel/Arab settle- ment. 280. Opposes any new treaties with Panama that would reduce our control over the Zone; opposes construction of new sea-level canal; supports Third Locks-Terminal Lakes plan. 281. Reaffirms support of government policy- seeking to strengtlien ties with Greece. 284. Urges UN conference to achieve agreement on maximum limits of territorial waters. 336. Opposes plans to tie Vietnam POW release CONTINUED LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION to a unilateral withdrawal date; supports the THE President's eftorts on behalf of the POWs. 382. Commends the President's actions in South- east Asia. THE BIG PARADE 384. Requests an investigation of Rep. Paul N. McCloskey for his remarks on U.S. POWs. Legion's 54th Annual National 408. Opposes surrender, giveaway or negotia- THE tion of real property or rights to real property Parade, on Monday, Aug. 21, involving U.S. defense facilities. 442. Seeks certain reservations in the event of brought an estimated 250,000 Chicago- Congressional ratification of the treaties. SALT ans and visitors out in hot and humid 491. Urges U.S. opposition to UN's interference in Puerto Rican/U.S. affairs. weather to watch one of the Conven- NATIONAL SECURITY tion's big spectaculars. 10. Urges Administration and Congressional sup- Beginning at 10 a.m.. nine divisions, port in the development of the TRIDENT system. 29. Reaffirms support of Universal Military Train- made up of Legionnaires, military units, ing, and authorizes a Legion committee to draw musical marching groups and floats, up legislation to implement the system. flowed down Michigan Avenue. Leading the event was Honorary Marshal. Mayor Richard Daley; Honorary Grand Mar- shal. Past Nat'l Cmdr Alfred P. Chamie; representatives of the Armed Forces: and Legion and civilian dignitaries. Some seven hours later, the last of the divi- sions, the host Department of Illinois which traditionally ends the parade passed before the reviewing stand.

The champion Junior Color Guard—the Large photo Is Jr. Drum & Bugle Corps Lancers, represent Post 326, Bellwood, ill. sponsored by Post 16, Stockton, Calif.

134. Reaffirms support of Aerospace Education Program for American Youth. 135. Urges government action to insure the de- velopment and deployment of a space shuttle. 146. Urges Administration and Congressional support of the Air Force in efiorts to provide a modernized air defense. 147. Urges Congesssional support and funding for rapid development of the B-1 bomber. 143. Urges Administration and Congressional sunport of the Air Force's program to develop an AX aircraft. 149. Urges Administration and Congressional support of Air Force's efforts to develop the F-I5 fighter plane. 152, Seeks legislation providing bond for defense costs in actions brought against law enforcement personnel acting within the scope of their au- thority. 168. Urges Congress to declare an annual day to be known as Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Day. 287. Urges Administration and Congressional support of actions to modernize the Minuteman (ICBM) force. 288. Commends Congress for passing the Ameri- can Merchant Marine Act of 1970. 304. Supports a build-up of strong ROTC pro- grams at colleges and universities. 312. Urges Congress to maximize military re- search and development and maintain best mili- tary force our technology can provide. 337. Supports legislation authorizing a medal of hioh order to be awarded POWs. 338. Supports legislation to equalize military re- tired pay based on pay rates currently in effect for active duty personnel and establish an equit- able survivors benefits plan. 349. Urges extension of Selective Service induc- tion authority until June 30, 1975. 388. Seeks same draft deferment for cadets at state maritime academies as that of midshipmen at U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. 467. Urges Congress to retain U.S. ownership and operation of S.S. United States. 468. Urges Sec'y of Interior to issue permits for the Trans-Alaska pipeline. 469. Urges Legion members to encourage greater utilization of U.S.-Flag merchant vessels. mil 470. Urges government cooperation with mari- ^4 time labor and management to fully implement the Merchant Marine Act of 1970. 483. Petitions the President and Congress to implement a 12-point program to maintain strength of the U.S. Navy. 484. Opposes blanket amnesty for draft evaders or deserters, and urges that each case be re- viewed under existing court procedures. (Continued)

46 THE Afy/IERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 47 CONTINUED LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION

Above, the Crusaders, of Post 468, Rochester, N.Y., about to step off and win the Nat'l Senior Drum and Bugle Corps contest at Soldier Field. Left, one of the highlights of their performance. Below, the chorus of the Singing Legionnaires, Post 15, Sioux Falls, S.D., a repeat winner. Bottom of page, the Argonne Rebels, Post 180, Great Bend, Kans., who won the Nat'l Junior Drum and Bugle Corps contest from a tough field of challengers. SUMMARY OF RESOLUTIONS (CONT'D) MUSIC & MARCHING CONTESTS 490. Affirms support for tfie program of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. 492. Seeks to include all Reserve components in the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency's mobi- THIRTEEN national contests in music Crusaders, Post 468, Rochester, N.Y.; lization designation program. 493. Requests Defense Civil Preparedness Agency marching were held in Chicago. Jr. Drum Bugle Corps, Argonne and & to incorporate survival training in the schools. The Tonawanda, N.Y., Post 264 Sen- Rebels, Post 180, Great Bend, Kans. 494. Endorses the Dec. 7, 1972, simulcast of "Only the Strong," a film based on the Blue ior Band upset the 24-year champion, Senior Band, Tonawanda, N.Y., Post Ribbon Defense Panel's Supplemental Report. 495. Urges Legion members to participate in the Joliet, 111., Legion Post 1284, by .11 of 264; Junior Band, Milwaukee Area Civil Defense survival training courses. a point. Another defender, frequent Youth, Post 472, Milwaukee, Wis. 496. Commends the U.S. Air Force for meeting its recruiting goals for this fiscal year. Junior Band champion Los Angeles Po- Ciiorus, Singing Legionnaires, Post 497. Extends congratulations to the Air Force on lice Post 381, was upset by Milwaukee 15, Sioux Falls, S.D.; Quartet, Frontiers- its 25th anniversary. Area Youth Band, Post 472. men, Post 15, Sioux Falls, S.D. CHILDREN & YOUTH 226. Urges re-evaluation of state laws to de- of Bend Firing 1st Nat'l of Chi- The Argonne Rebels, Great Squad, Bank termine if adequate legal protection is given to adopted children, natural Post 180, Kans., successfully defended cago, 111., Post 985; Sr. Drill Team, parents and adoptive parents. their Junior Drum & Bugle Corps title Urban Klister Post 436. Wrightstown, 228. Seeks adequate screening and counseling procedures for actual and potential Drill victims of by coming through a field of 47 entrants Wis.; Jr. Team, Webster Van- sickle cell disease. with a score of 83.10. guards, Post 943, Webster, N.Y. 485. Seeks legislation to assist financially fam- ilies faced by catastrophic illness of a child. Rochester, N.Y., Post 468 had win- Sr. Color Guard, Post 468, Rochester, 486. Seeks legislation and adequate funds to pro- vide a national family planning information and ners in two categories: Senior Drum & N.Y.; Jr. Color Guard, Lancers. Post service program. Bugle Corps (scoring 82.85 and toppling 326, Bellwood, 111. 487. Supports fullest use of licensed vaccines to combat communicable diseases and urges local Baltimore Post 20's Yankee Rebels) and Motorcycle Squad, Indianapolis Po- Legion support of immunization programs. Senior Color Guard. lice Dep't Post 56, Ind.; Mini-Bike

The winners of contests were: Squad, Hancock Post 1 1 9, Greenfield, Sr. Drum & Bugle Corps, Rochester Ind.

Buffet meal, part of reception hosted by Frank Specht of Schenley Industries.

488. Seeks to amend the public welfare pro- grams in order to provide more adeguately for children. 489. Reaffirms the 1971 American Legion Policy Statement on Drugs and Drug Abuse. AMERICANISM 31. Urges law restoring patriotic holidays to their original dates. 32. Seeks to amend Sedition Act of 1917. 69. Petitions House Committee on Internal Se- curity to republish and distribute "Guide to Subversive Organizations." 87. Seeks amendments to Flag Code to eliminate misinterpretations as to its display. 126. Opposes legislation requiring federal regis- tration of firearms but asks licensing of persons buying firearms. Above: National Quartet champions, the Frontiersmen, Post 15, Sioux Falls, S.D. 171. Seeks Senate action to revitalize Subversive Activities Control Board. 405. Supports the House and Senate Committees on Internal Security. 498. Censures Jane Fonda for activities on behalf of North Vietnam. 499. Seeks investigation to determine if laws have been violated by certain Americans in North Vietnam and urges prosecution if so. 500. Pledges full support to FBI Acting Director Patrick Gray, III. ECONOMIC 50. Urges continued support of the President's and Governors' Committee on Employment of the Handicapped. 73. Urges installation of wheelchair facilities in buildings and public transportation systems for the physically handicapped. 91. Supports the Legion's "Jobs for Veterans" pro- gram and urges participation by national and local groups. Above: the National Senior Band champion, of Tonawanda Post 264, N.Y. Below, the 197. Changes time for observance of "Employ the Junior Band champion, the Milwaukee Area Youth Band, of Post 472, Milwaukee. Older Worker Week." 206. Supports legislation to amend the Emergency Employment Act to provide for veterans prefer- ence. 207. Seeks change in federal hiring procedures to require that medical exam of disabled vets be done at time they seek employment. (Continued)

The Firing Squad of First Nat'l Bank Post 985, Chicago, again won nat'l crown.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 49 CONTINUED THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION

Newly elected Nat'l Cmdr Joe Matthews of Texas waves to convention delegates as he hugs Mrs. Matthews with other arm and outgoing Nat'l Cmdr Geiger beams approval.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS the choice would be unanimous. The delegates voted to suspend the rules, end

Thursday, Aug. 24, the 54th An- nominations and then chose Matthews ONnual Legion National Convention by acclamation. National Adjutant Wil- elected Joe L. Matthews, a 59-year-old liam F. Hauck then cast one ballot for all delegates Ft. Worth, Tex., businessman, as its 3,081 and Joe L. Matthews National Commander for 1972-73. was the new National Commander. Texas Nat'l Exec Committee- Jack Flynt, National It quickly became apparent after the W. Executive man Jack Flynt nominates Committeeman for Texas, nominated Matthews. rollcall for nominations was started that Matthews and Cecil L. Bandy, immedi- ate Past Dep't Cmdr of California, sec- onded the nomination. Born in Pennsylvania, Cmdr Mat- thews enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1932 for a four-year hitch, then re-enlisted in 1943 for duty as a Seabee in the Pacific war theatre. He has served the Legion in vital offices at all levels from post to national and has been extremely active in Scouting and other youth programs. He holds his membership in Blackstone Post 482 in Ft. Worth. (See biography starting on p. 19). Serving with Nat'l Cmdr Matthews will be the following five National Vice Commanders who were also unanimous- ly elected: Tim T. Craig, Charlotte, N.C.; Sam Gray, San Pedro, Cal.; Don- ald L. Gruenbaum, Marysville, Ohio; Albert J. Moeller, Westfield, N.J., and The new National Commander, the five National Vice Commanders and the Nat'l Chaplain. Raymond J. Novak, Aberdeen, S. Dak. Novak (V.C.) Gray (V.C.) Matthews (Cmdr) Fitzpatrick (Chaplain) Rev. L.P. Fitzpatrick of Coin, Iowa, Moeller (V.C.) Craig (V.C.) Gruenbaum (V.C.) was named National Chaplain.

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 SUMMARY OF RESOLUTIONS (CONT'D) awarded a special medal or citation. Ballwin, Mo., 249. legislation for full mili- Team Triumphs 209. Requests preference for all vets for training Supports providing tary honors at burial of veterans. and job placement under all manpower training in Legion World Series programs. 261. Supports legislation to remove restriction military retirement con- 210. Urges that VA or armed forces benefits by against receipt of pay currently with compensation. reason of disability not be counted to prejudice VA After a faltering start, the teen-age 289. of hospital eligibility for rental allowances in federal hous- Opposes absorption VA and ing projects. medical program in any proposed general fed- baseball team sponsored by Ballwin, Mo., 240. Seeks adequate funds and support for fed- eral health care program. to provide of trans- Memorial Post 611 won The American eral and state veterans employment services. 364. Supports legislation cost of Forces retiree from U.S. 302. Supports veterans reemployment rights pro- porting body Armed Legion Baseball World Series in games hospital to place of burial. gram of the Dep't of Labor and seeks funds to government assure adequate service. 365. Supports legislation to provide that kidney played at the Memphis Blues Stadium, statutory 310. Seeks legislation to exclude military pay and heart transplants shall qualify as purposes. Memphis, Tenn., Aug. 31 -Sept. 6. and certain VA benefits in determining eligibil- total disabilities for insurance 366. Supports legislation to increase veteran's ity of vets in manpower training programs. Ballwin lost its opening game, 6-0, to 335. Opposes any attempts to weaken veterans burial allowance to $500. 367. legislation to provide that the preference in federal employment. Supports Ralph D. Cole Post 3, Findlay, Ohio, effective date of VA disability pension be the 354. Seeks legislation hiaking the director of the Region 5 champion, then won six Veterans Employment Service an Ass't Sec'y of date that permanent disability is established, if Labor; and making the service an autonomous application is received within one year. straight, including a 7-4 victory over the Supports legislation to equalize educational division dedicated to serving veterans. 390. vets that of WV\/2 1 . 377. Endorses the U.S. Savings Bonds program. assistance of Vietnam with home team, Memphis Post This tied vets. 418. Seeks adequate funds to install veterans 399. legislation to improve death Ballwin with Memphis, and in the play- placement service units in each state agency job Supports and pension benefits for veterans, their bank location. disability off game Ballwin scored over the home- 419. Supports legislation to improve the federal widows and children. provide that towners, 3-2. unemployment compensation program for vets. 401. Supports legislation to where an state the 434. Supports Dep't of Labor policy of allocating eligible vet dies in a veterans home, cost of transporting the remains Other Regional Champs: Region 1, funds for public employment service staff de- VA shall pay signed to provide special service to vets. to place of burial. Murray-Reynolds Post 76, North Haven, 402. Supports legislation to provide that pay- 471. Supports committee on disabled veterans of Dalton-Cartier Post the President's Committee on Employment of the ments made to an incompetent vet will not end Conn.; Region 2, while he is hospitalized by VA unless his estate Handicapped. 204, Norfolk, Va.; Region 3, Monte 472. Seeks to extend veterans preference to exceeds $2,000. to mustering- spouses or dependent parents of MIA/POWs. 409. Sponsors legislation provide Carlo Post 146, Rio Piedras, Puerto to honorably discharged Vietnam-era 473. Seeks to restore veterans preference in out pay vets. Rico; Region 7, Lewis-Clark Post 13, federal employment to remarried widows when 410. Supports legislation to make nonservice- the remarriage is terminated by death. Lewiston, 8, disabilities service-connected where Idaho; Region Louis Hagen 474. Endorses the SBA-VA agreement to provide connected veteran a service-connected total disability. management and technical assistance to Viet- has Post 340, El Cerrito, Cal. 411. Sponsors legislation to extend time limits for nam vets planning to go into business. educational benefits for post-Korea and Vietnam American Legion Baseball Player of vets. the year for 1972 is Mike Murphy, a 414. Supports legislation to increase from $110 to $121 the amount payable to a vet entitled to an pitcher-outfielder of Ballwin, who also aid and attendance allowance. 446. Supports legislation to extend community won the "Click" Cowger RBI Award, to months. nursing home care at VA expense nine with 12 runs batted in during the series. 447. Seeks to amend VA rules to exclude from pension determination additional railroad re- Winner of the 1972 Legion batting tirement annuity payable for dependents. 448. Seeks to amend present law to change con- title and the Hillerich & Bradsby Louis- ditional military discharges to full separation for ville Slugger Trophy is Keith Kauerz, of purposes of re-enlistments only. 450. Supports legislation to increase compensa- Memphis, with a .488 average. He also tion if a veteran is a patient in a nursing home for a service-connected disability. won the New Adirondack Big Stick 451. Supports legislation to provide a statutory award with 29 total bases. presumption of service-connected death of any vet who dies from natural causes whose service- The James F. Daniel, Jr., Memorial connected disability was rated permanent and The senior Past Nat'l Cmdr, John Quinn total for 10 or more years. Sportsmanship Award went to Mike (Cal.) and Mrs. Quinn chat with E. Meade 453. Supports legislation to provide that progres- Umfleet, of Ballwin. Wilson (Fla.). Quinn led Legion in 1923. sive muscular atrophy developing to a com- pensable degree within seven years after dis- Bobby Richardson, a former New charge shall be considered service-connected. 475. Expresses appreciation to government agen- the 455. Urges expediting of veterans records from York Yankee second baseman, was cies victims of recent disasters. aiding those federal records center. 476. transfer of program principal speaker at the pre-tournament Opposes GI home loan 459. Urges legislation authorizing accredited from the to any other federal agency. VA persons to review veterans drug records. dinner. He is currendy serving as base- 477. action to circumvent veterans Opposes any 461. Authorizes Nat'l Cmdr to appoint a Veterans preference in the postal service. ball coach at the U. of South Carolina. Medical Care Advisory Committee to continue VETERANS to monitor developments in legislative and The teams which took part in the AFFAIRS AND REHABILITATION health insurance debates. 12. Supports legislation raising office of Veterans finals at Memphis were the eight sur- Affairs Administrator to Cabinet rank. 14. Sponsors legislation providing special month- vivors among the following winners of ly payments to vets requiring renal dialysis for service-connected chronic kidney disease. Legion Department competition: 15. Supports legislation providing special gov- ernment life insurance for Vietnam vets. 16. Supports legislation increasing awards for Alabama Post 15, Ensley. Alaska Post 1, An- specific service-connected disabilities from $47 chorage. Arizona Post 7, Tucson. Arkansas Post to $75. 120, North Little Rock. California Post 340, El 17. Supports legislation to provide an adequate Cerrito. Colorado Post 203, Pueblo. Connecticut national cemetery policy under total jurisdiction Post 76, North Haven. Delaware Post 30, New 16, Gainesville. Georgia of the VA. 1 Castle. Florida Post 35. Urges that educational institutions adopt Post 47, Calhoun. Community Association, Aiea, educational programs keyed to training and Hawaii. Idaho Post 13, Lewiston. Illinois Post education of Vietnam vets. 208, Arlington Heights. Indiana Post 6, Kokomo. 57. Supports legislation to increase the monthly Iowa Post 5, Cedar Rapids. Kansas Post 173, rates of VA disability compensation. Hays. Kentucky Post 70, Covington. Louisiana 59. Supports legislation giving Congress author- Post 2, Ruston. Maine Post 129, Vifoodfords. ity to construct, acquire, alter or close VA Maryland Post 109, Halethorp. Massachusetts facilities. Post 59, Milford. Michigan Post 426, Trenton. 83. Urges the VA to increase and improve its Minnesota Post 435, Richfield. Mississippi Post alcohol-abuse program. 32, Greenville. Missouri Post 611, Ballwin. Mon- 137. Seeks to provide total disability rating for tana Post 3, Great Falls. Nebraska Post 1, certain veterans hospitalized for less than 21 Omaha. Nevada Post 8, Las Vegas. New Hamp- days if they require prolonged post-care and shire Post 3, Nashua. New Jersey Post 187, convalescence. Paterson. New Mexico Post 1, Santa Fe. New 157. Seeks to amend VA regulation so as to York Post 625, Utica. North Carolina Post 49, provide that VA pension rates be paid based on Hamlet. North Dakota Post 6, Grand Forks. amount of income reported on application for Ohio Post 3, Findlay. Oklahoma Post 112, Ft. such benefits. Cobb. Oregon Post 52, Portland. Panama Post 3, 201. Seeks VA benefits to Canadian veterans Gatun. Pennsylvania Post 764, Springdale. Puerto and widows, under certain conditions, who re- Rico Post 146, Rio Piedras. Rhode Island Post 79, side in the U.S. Central Falls. South Carolina Post 147, lames 208. Asks legislation to give entitled Vietnam Island. South Dakota Post 22, Rapid City. Ten- Outgoing Nat'l Geiger presented a vets the same vocational rehabilitation benefits Cmdr nessee Post I, Memphis. Texas Post 148, Lub- as V^W2 and Korean vets. surprise award to Miss B. B. Colvin, who bock. Utah Post 119, V/est Jordan. Vermont Post 215. Opposes proposals authorizing hospitaliza- has recorded the proceedings of Legion 13, Bennington. Virginia Post 204, Norfolk. Wash- tion of non-veterans in VA hospitals. ington Post 36, Yakima. West Virginia Post 13, Conventions for years. At 220. Urges that former POWs be awarded service- 48 age 81, she Clarksburg. ViTisconsin Post 53, Eau Claire. connected disability of not less than 10%, and be recorded this year's Convention, as well. Vi^yoming Post 7, Sheridan

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 51 A LIMITED OPPORTUNITY FOR VETERANS YOUCANl

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 53 .

U.S. Fighters and Bombers of W.W. II THE NATIONAL COMMANDER OF THE AMERICAN LEGION in Collector Prints from Echelon (Continued from page 19)

on several of the state Legion's commit- work on electric lines. Grove City is the tees—and for the last seven years on its site of its manufacturing plant. That finance committee. His appearances on same year he married Alberta Rosalia the stage of national conventions were Thompson, "the girl next door" (actually, few in the years that followed. When he across the street), whom we've already

did take the microphone it was always met as "Pinky." After one year, the on a question that was dividing the con- Bashlin firm sent Joe to manage its Fort vention, and his plea was always to do Worth branch. Joe and "Pinky" spent what was right and good for the organiza- three years in Fort Worth, then the firm tion and to forget the factionalism that called him back to Grove City in 1940. MUSTANG typically intrudes itself in controversies. While in Fort Worth, Matthews sensed These air combat paintings by noted illustrator, He never took the floor on easy ques- the handicap of his abbreviated educa- J. B. Denecn, will thrill you with their action and tions, the tion, in . . hit button his position tough ques- and, 1938 and authenticity . arc sure to the nostalgia and on 1939, he com- with W.W. II aviation bulTs. The prints are big and tions always prevailed. pleted a business administration course beautiful, 19 x 22% in. overall, and are printed in full color on heavy, embossed art paper. Complete It's hardly surprising that word even- by mail with the International Corre- with descriptive captions. Collector quality, a great gift idea, satisfaction guaranteed. tually got to him that a majority of the spondence School. Choose from these famous aircraft: Legion .state organizations would support P-51 MUSTANG (shov^n) B-24 LI BERATOR if he would run for National P-38 LIGHTNING B-25 MITCHELL him Com- P-47 THUNDERBOLT B-26 MARAUDER mander again—and at Chicago this year B-17 FLYING FORT B-29 SUPERFORT F4U CORSAIR they did ^o unanimously.

$3.00 each, any four, $9.95 Shipments guaranteed, please add 500 for postage and MATTHEWS is 59 years old. He was handling. Send check or money order. Sorry, no C.O.D.'s. born in Wick, Pa., about 50 miles ECHELON PUBLISHING CO. northeast of Pittsburgh, Dec. 30, 1912, 5001 West 78th Street, Dept. 7109 one of six .sons of Joseph Clarence and Minneapolis, Minnesota 55437 Nancy Elizabeth (Cassidy) Matthews, Send me the following W.W. II air prints: both western Pennsylvanians. Like his father, the Commander's proper name is t enclose check. -money order_ Jor $_ Joseph, but he never uses it, employing Name "Joe" as a formal first name. His father Address- ran a prosperous general store, livery City -State- -Zip_ (Minnesota residents add 4% sales tax) stable and post office in Wick, but he died of pneumonia when Joe was three. WHO ELSE His mother was able to make out on the proceeds of her husband's estate, and WANTS TO twice moved her brood of six sons, first to Harrisville, then to Grove City, Pa., BEAT THE where Joe grew up. Three of his brothers are living today—Ralph in Sharon. Pa., THE .\MERICAN LEGION .M.\GAZINE HORSES? Jesse in Oklahoma City and Lyman in Fort Worth. An Army Air Corps veteran The couple .soon had a daughter. I'll send yuu free information in a plain rtivelippf "pro.- niu\ alxiut t he .sauie rnof hod u?cd by " of WW2, Lyman is a part of brother Patricia, and a son, Gary. In July 1943, "in.'

DEPT 802, BOX 178, ENGLEWOOD, COLO. 80110 climb power and telephone poles and (Continued on page 56)

54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 JACKETS & SPORT SHIRTS AID AMERICAN LEGION PROGRAMS Buy from National Emblem Sales

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*If ONE YEAR or more has passed between orders for a special C RALLY JACKET. Oyster Parka Poplin, water repellent 'Wash imprint, please include the $6.00 screen charge. N' Wear'. Legion Blue and Gold Rally stripes with full front zipper. Two button stand-up collar. (No. 70279) $7.50

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 55 ! —

THE NATIONAL COMMANDER OF THE AMERICAN LEGION (Continued from page 54)

large pontoons. The pontoons were in the Pacific, Seabee outfits made virtual turn hitched together to make barges, cities in the twinkling of an eye out of bridges and docks. Floating pontoon what had been jungle or glaring coral for- LOCKSMITH docks were tied to the shore, pontoons mations. The Seabees fought when they ! You'll EARN MORE, LIVE BETTER v\ere strung in lengths to make floating had to, otherwise there was nothing very Than Ever Before in Your Life bridges, and rectangular assemblies of military about them except their organ- You'll enjoy your work as a Locksmith because it is more fascinating than a pontoons had marine diesel engines in- ization. On Los Negros, the 40th Sea- hobby -and highly paid besides! You'll go on enjoying the fascinating work, stalled to make self-propelled barges. In bees had to fight the Japanese on Mo- year after year, in good times or bad addition to being an official "pontoon mote airstrip, firing carbines from behind because you'll be the man in demand in "While in train- an evergrowing field offering big pay specialist," in ing Matthews was charge of bulldozer shields as they repaired the I earned jobs, big profits as your own boss. What $200 ... now more could you ask water transportation, the small craft on strip while under fire from its perimeter. have a mobile Train at Home - Earn Extra Right Away! unit ... it %%%% was which much of the taxi services of Pacific They got a Presidential citation for it. best instruction All this can be yours FAST regardless one can get." of age, education, minor physical handi- bases relied. In the protracted battles for the Solo- Orville Pierce caps. Job enjoyment and earnings begin La Puente. Calif. AT ONCE as you quickly, easily learn The closest call he had was not at the mons, from Guadalcanal north, Seabees to CASH IN on all kinds of locksmilhing little jobs. All keys, locks, parts, picks, special hands of the Japanese, but from a (including the 6th and 18th) along with tools and equipment come with the adventure of his own as a swimmer. His Army and Marine engineering battalions course at no e.xtra charge. Licensed experts guide you to success. outfit was on Engebi island at one end (usually stripped to the waist and in Illustrateil Book, Sample Lesson Pages FREE of Eniwetok Atoll. All the natives had shorts with their weapons nearby) built Locksmithing Institute graduates now earning, enjoying life more everywhere. You, can, too. Coupon brings exciting facts from the school licensed by N. J. State Department of Ed., Accredited Member. Natl. Home Study Council. Approved for Veterans Training. LOCKSMITHING INSTITUTE Div. Technical Home Study Schools Dept. 1221-102, Little Falls, N.J. 07424

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'He's too proud to wear glasses so he had a prescription windshield made. Sleep Away THE .\ArERIC.1N LEGION MAGAZINE been put on a nearby island and that was the bases and airstrips, repaired the daily placed off-limits. battle damage to them, and offloaded Dry Matthews thought he'd like to visit the beached supply ships on tight schedules, natives, and to be less conspicuous in while under day and night attack for a going off-limits he didn't take one of his period of months. ^KI|| If hands and boats, but swam down. For him it was After seven months at Eniwetok, the knuckles get so an easy swim but the tide changed on the 126th was called back to Pearl Harbor dry and cracked that nothing return trip. He got caught in a riptide to stage for its next mission, which seems to help, try this simple and barely made it back. proved to be Okinawa, seven months treatment. Each night at bed- He also suffered a spinal injury in a later. time, massage a dab of Cuti- boat pool accident, which later required The 126th went to the waist of the cura Ointment into the skin. while raged to the south, Next morning, wash thoroughly surgery and left him with a disability island the battle rated today the Veterans Ad- and built up the Yonabaru airstrip. Then with Cuticura medicated soap. 10% by it was moved .south to the Tengan River. You'll be amazed how quickly ministration. There work, and Mat- your skin be- And, though the competition was was no pontoon tough, he was also one of the leading thews was placed in charge of camp comes soft and smooth. vendors in the popular Seabee sideline security. He has some delightful, as well of selling seashells and cateyes (beauti- as horrific, tales to tell of life in the Sea- ful Pacific snail shells) to any American bees, all of which have the genuine ring

sailors who'd buy them. This was a pros- of how it was. perous business, and Matthews' swim- The Seabees' motto was "Can do," and getting done was CATALOG ^.ABLEsi ming and diving ability made him a lead- their approach to a job usually the direct route. • OFFICE & LOUNGE FURNITURE I ing entrepreneur. He was not one of the by most • BANQUET & MEETING FURNITURE Seabees who sold Japanese samurai Supplies for important work were • TENNIS TABLES swords fashioned from jeep springs to often so scarce that moonlight "borrow- • COAT/HAT RACKS CHAIRSi gullible visiting sailors. ing" from other outfits became a routine Adirondack The Seabee life was a hard day's con- practice. The theory was adopted that struction or maintenance work every the guy who needed some equipment was 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C. 10010 day, often calling on ingenuity to offset entitled to it, and the guy who needed Shipping Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES what might be lacking in supply. All over it most was he who "borrowed" it last.

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 — —

This kind of "honorable" thievery was commanderships and in 1948-49 I was to his support of the Legion's stand on ail related to getting the job done. Trad- the Post Commander." the 40&8 in 1955, and his identification ing and swapping of favors to get around Of course, this is a familiar story in thereafter with the Legion proper, the the delay of going through channels was almost any organization. The member course of which we have already re- also developed to a fine art. By such non- who'll work finds plenty to do, and if viewed. military procedures, miracles were ac- he does it ably he suddenly finds he's a In thumbnail, this completes a sketch complished as daily routines. The art of leader. Matthews says that a WWl mem- of his professional, military and Legion fast and efficient construction work never ber of his Post named Craig Laine— in careers. reached such perfection before or since. private life a department store credit Matthews has five grandchildren The nation poured out the supplies and manager—took him under his wing and three by his daughter Pat, and two by the overseas engineers provided the dedi- virtually pushed him upstairs in the his son Gary. His daughter is one of the cation and genius to get the job done and Legion when he found Joe still adhering few women air traffic controllers in the done fast. It's a chapter of history that to the Seabee motto, "Can do." United States, and her husband, Robert hasn't yet been well enough told. "Laine was one of the best Legion- Hoover, is also an air traffic controller "I've seen the Seabees build an airstrip naires I ever knew, and the best friend both in Memphis, Tenn. The Matthews where there'd been a mountain and have I ever had. He knew everything about live in Wedgwood, a suburban area of it operational in a few days," Matthews everything—one of the best read men I Fort Worth. recalls. ever met. He could always help others, Matthews is also a member of the The war ended while the 126th was though he had a hard job helping him- VFW, the Disabled American Veterans, on Okinawa. Matthews was discharged self. I suffered a great personal loss when the Elks, many Masonic orders (he is a in Nov. 1945. Back in Grove City, Pa., Craig died in 1962." Shriner), the University Baptist Church he returned to the Bashlin Company and, Mrs. Matthews' activity in the Auxili- in Fort Worth and the Runaway Bay in 1946, was its production manager. But ary followed Joe's involvement in his Yacht and Country Club, on Lake he told his wife that he wanted to go back Post. Bridgeport, about 55 miles from Fort to Fort Worth and start a business of his For all the conflict with the 40&8, that Worth. own. He took a bus to Fort Worth, and organization was long comprised of some For years, he has been in wide demand started preparation to manufacture line- of the hardest workers in the Legion as a speaker to Legion groups all over men's equipment himself. After getting those that gave most to civic projects Texas, and he accepted ys many such into it he thought better of the idea, and and basic Legion programs. As a hard requests as his time permitted. True to instead set up an independent distributor- worker, Matthews aligned himself with his personality, his manner of speaking ship. Bashlin gave him four states which the 40&8 until, in 1954-55. he was in public or private is straight to the it later enlarged to six. Over the years he "Grand Chef de Gare" or top man in point in plain language without a trace took on other lines, including general the 40&8 in Texas. Which brings us back of ornament or flourishes. the end safety equipment for all sorts of con- struction work. In the course of the busi- —Ailvcrtiscmcnt ness he designed new safety equipment in consultation with construction engi- iptai and Mr. Rowe neers. For all that, his business is a small family business, and Matthews wants it that way. His son Gary went to work for him a decade or so ago and today is SMOKING the general manager. When the family first moved to Fort Worth in 1946, Matthews joined the Legion on being asked by a member of FOR GOOD Post 482 who is today a judge in Fort Worth. smoking unpleasant, but by acting as a substitute for nicotine in the system. It He had always thought well of the helps to reduce the craving and withdrawal Legion. His brother Ralph, a WWl vet- symptoms. But taken in sufficient quanti- eran, was and is a Legionnaire in Sharon, ties to be an effective substitute for nico- Pa. The Legion's connection with scout- tine, Lobeline by itself often upsets the people write telling how they quit stomach. ing back in Pennsylvania had favorably A lot of smoking with the aid of Bantron*'. A com- However, some years ago, researchers impressed Joe as a boy. mon feature of many of these letters tells in a great American University discovered But he was just a card-carrying mem- how Bantron succeeded when nothing else that buffering Lobeline Sulfate with two ber in Fort Worth until "Pinky" and Joe's could. special antacids virtually eliminated any Peter Liptai of Baldwin Park, Cali- likelihood of stomach upset. This discovery mother (who died in 1953) told him he Mr. fornia writes: "I have lost count long ago was a great breakthrough. It was immedi- ought to get active. He had dropped his in of how many times I have tried to quit and ately patented, and is now available scout work after serving briefly as a failed. Now with the help of Bantron I have Bantron. Because of this discovery, scoutmaster in Fort Worth, and his finally kicked the habit and joined the un- Bantron contains four times as much generation." Lobeline in a single dose as any major womenfolk told him he was spending too hooked This is from Mr. John M. Rowe of Reeds smoking deterrent sold in drug stores. much of his time after hours worrying Ferry, New Hampshire: "I have tried many Before Bantron was put on the market about his business. "They virtually times in 20 years to stop smoking. When I it was thoroughly researched. It was tested kicked me out of the house one night tried Bantron it was with little faith. But it on hundreds of people who wanted to quit

worked, and this is forever, I am sure." smoking. In these clinical tests, 83%, more when mother was visiting us, and told What is the special thing about Bantron than 4 out of 5, quit easily and pleasantly, me to forget my worries after sundown that enabled it to do the job for Mr. Liptai with the help of Bantron, in only 5 to 7 and be a part of the Legion. and Mr. Rowe when nothing else could? days. "I went down and they gave me some The answer is that Bantron is the only That's a pretty good batting average major smoking deterrent containing buf- isn't it! Why not try Bantron yourself. Join work to do on a committee. I supposed fered Lobeline Sulfate*. Mr. Liptai and Mr. Rowe and quit smoking 1 was expected to do a job I did. So so Lobeline Sulfate (even witfiout buffering) for good. they gave me more work, and when I did is an effective smoking deterrent, proven it they kicked me up the ladder of vice- in clinical tccts. It works not by making 'Lobelia Alkaloids Sulfate

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 57 ALLAN PINKERTON—OUR ORIGINAL PRIVATE EYE Own Business (Continued from page 27)

next day the "visitor from Georgia" was he managed to drawl, "My good man. Filing Saws allowed to tour the earthworks and for- my name is E. J. Allen and I never saw tifications—which he committed to mem- you before in my life." Pretending in- ory. the Start a* steady repeat CASH buiineH dilTerence to stares of customers and to your basement or garage. Earn Si to $6 an hour In your spare- On Pinkerton's sixth night in Mem- barbers, Allan sat in one of the chairs. time! Excellent profits In saw sharpening business! Auto- phis, his stable boy, a hotel Pinkerton," the barber per- matic Foley Saw Filer, easy Negro em- "But Mr. to operate, flies combina- tion saws, hand, band, ployee, tapped on his door and whis- sisted, "I cut your hair many times in and circular saws. No ex- perience needed. H. G. pered excitedly that he'd been recog- the Sherman House in Chicago!" Delbert wrote us: "Since I got my Foley Filer 5 years ago, I have aver- nized by a Confederate officer who'd Allan got up and stomped over to the aged 4^ saws each day since 1 started," lived for a time in Chicago. The boy had barber. He shook his finger in the man's Every saw you aharpea brings you more cus- overheard the officer three face, threatened to cut his throat "I rented a two-car garage and promi- and ve all the work I can do," writes Charles H. Smith. nent Memphians discussing Pinkerton. with his own razor if he again insulted FREE BOOK Shows How to start Fact filled booklet tells you how to start a sparetlme business Immediately: how to get new business, how to advertise. Rush coupon now; get "Money Maklne Facts" and details

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A TRUSS FSK KlirTllltB That Binds, Cuts, Gouges, Slips and Does Not Hold If you must wear a Truss for Rupture, don't miss this. A Post Card, with name and address, will get obligation, you FREE, and without the "It's not fancy but it gets me to the sandbox and brings me back!' complete, modernized Rice Plan of Reducible THE ,\MEKICAN l.EOION MAGAZINE Rupture Control. Now in daily use by thousands who say they never dreamed possible such se- cure, dependable and comfortable rupture pro- They were coming to arrest him. Allan E. J. Allen of Augusta, Ga., by likening tection. Safely blocks rupture opening, prevents escape, without need for bulky, cumbersome slipped down the back stairs and hid him to some damyankee. Trusses, tormenting springs or harsh, gouging while the boy brought his horse, then The barber mumbled apologies and pad pressure. Regardless of how long ruptured, direction to went back to his chair. His size, occupation, or trusses you have worn. followed the young fellow's Pinkerton TRY THIS, and send your Post Card today to a little-frequented road leading south. In hair cut, he entered the saloon that W.S. Rice, Inc., Adams, N.Y. Dept. 8C. a few minutes he was gallopmg to Mis- opened off the barber shop and offered a sissippi, hoping—correctly—that a chase couple of toasts to the Confederacy and MARTINS FLAGS after him would head north. President Jeff Davis. While others con- later he was gathering tinued the toasting, he slipped to the DISPLAYS FOR A few days ORGANIZATIONS- information in Jackson, Miss., planning hotel stable, got his horse and headed TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS to go from there to Vicksburg and then north as fast as he could gallop. Things Prompt shipment. Ask for our were getting too hot for him, and the colorful WHOLESALE Catalog for 1972. into Louisiana. In his hotel in Jackson, MARTIN'S FLAG CO.. FORT DODGE. IOWA 50501 he arose at 5 a.m., as was his lifetime intelligence from Vicksburg and Louisi- ana would have to wait. HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS custom, and walked about for hours ob- serving military preparations. Then he In late July 1861, after McClellan Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time went into a barber shop for a haircut, to been made Commander-in-Chief of Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service had inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity for ambitious a barber. "Oh. forces, Allen" men. We show you HOW - in your basement or garage to be greeted by German the Union he took "Major earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait. ACT NOW! Get the facts. Mr. Pinkerton!" he cried, "what a good to Washington with him. There Pinker- Write for folder No. A-10 and free bonus offer. pleasure to see you!" ton helped to organize and was made Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. Allan Pinkerton's blood ran cold but head of the first United States Secret G.P.O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. 10314 Service. When Lincoln replaced Mc- Clellan with Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside. FIND BURIED TREASURE Allan resigned as chief of the Secret Service but remained in federal service Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new electronic detector. Most powerful made. Ultra sensitive. until the end of the war, checking dam- Penetrates deep into earth. Works through mud, beach age claims made against the army and »^ AQC ^^^^T^y^ sand, rock, wood, etc. Signals investigating suspected fraud against the ^ I when object is detected. Jl^*' (( TK^'^iv government. William Pinkerton, Allan's older son, joined the Secret Service in Write for Free Catalog, treasure hunting tips and 5 POWERFUL 1861 at the age of 15 and continued in unusual souvenir coin. MODELS it throughout the war. Robert Pinkerton, RELCO Dept. D-199 Box Houston, Tex. 77018 10839, {Continued on page 60)

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 Prosperity yours for $1.00 a day!

THE LAND BUY OF A LIFETIME... SAN LUIS VALLEY, RANCHES IN BOOMING COLORADO!

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COLORADO IS BOOMING State College, one of Colorado's fastest growing Institutions Early buyers reaped fortunes in the Denver area. Land of higher learning. bought for $200.00 an acre was sold for $20,000.00. The YOU CAN BUY WHERE THE GIANTS INVEST! opportunity for profits like this in Denver are gone . . . but a new area of Colorado is opening for public sale for the You can feel a lot better about buying land where you know large corporations are investing. In the San Luis Valley, first time . . . Forbes, Inc., publishers of the world's most respected SAN LUIS VALLEY RANCHES financial magazine, recently bought a giant 168,000 acre ranch Luis Valley The future here is unlimited. The San Luis Valley Ranches nearby San Ranches. Malcolm Forbes, their president, are located in the heart of the beautiful San Luis Valley, publicly stated that he will turn the ranch into the largest best surrounded by ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This is beau- and known game preserve in the coun- try, leaving the natural tiful land, level to rolling. The air is clean; the climate beauty untouched healthy. All Ranches are accessible by graded roads. This THE PRICE IS STILL LOW — NO DOWN PAYMENT! is a perfect place for raising children, retirement or as a "Just $595.00 per acre in 5 acre parcels. Your total monthly vacation paradise. payment is $30.00, LESS THAN $1.00 A DAY. There is no RECREATION down payment, no interest, no salesman commissions, no carrying charges of any kind. Every cent you pay is applied Every outdoor recreation is here. Hunting for duck, elk, to the purchase price of your land. deer and bear. Camping and exploring in the Rio Grande National Forest. You'll find great fishing, boating and water WATCH YOUR DOLLARS GROW . . . skiing within 3 miles your property. Wolf Creek Pass, of Remember, this is acreage, not just a little plot of ground. offers wonderful skiing only 60 miles away, and winter Your 5 acre ranch will be equal in size to 20 city lots. sports. truly Yes, the San Luis Valley is a scenic and recre- We all know about the fortunes made by original investors ation wonderland. in Denver. So . . . ALL THIS AND MODERN CONVENIENCES TOO! ^ ACT NOW — RANCHES ARE GOING FAST The cities of Alamosa and Blanca are friendly neighbors, As you might imagine, property at this price and these with stores, supermarkets, schools, churches and a hospi- i terms is going fast. Return the Reservation Form and a 5 tal. Blanca is less than 3 miles and Alamosa 14 miles from acre parcel will be reserved in your name. No obligation, San Luis Valley Ranches. Alamosa is the home of Adams ACT NOW! " GUARANTEED SAN LUIS VALLEY RANCHES / BOX 836 / ALAMOSA, COLORADO 81101 INVESTMENT PLAN YES, RESERVE a 5 acre Ranch for me. I understand the price is $595 per acre (total price $2,975) and my total monthly payment for the 5 acres will be $30 BUYER MAY AT ANY TIME, WITHII ...no down payment... no interest nor carrying charges. Please rush complete details, purchase contract ONE YEAR FROM DATE OF THE C0^I- and map showing exact location of my property. TRACT, COMPLETE A COMPAN Enclosed is my $1 reservation deposit which will be credited to my account or GUIDED TOUR OF THE SAN LUl: fully refunded at my request within 30 days. Reservations subject to prior sale. VALLEY RANCHES AREA, AND, IF NOT THIS OFFER IS SUBJECT TO ALL LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS.

SATISFIED, REQUEST IN WRITING ,A REFUND OF ALL MONIES PAID 0!M Name. THE CONTRACT. THIS REQUES T MUST BE EXECUTED IMMEDIATELY Address- UPON COMPLETION OF SAID TOUFt. City- -State and Zip-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 59 ——

STAIR CLIMBER ALLAN PINKERTON—OUR ORIGINAL PRIVATE EYE by WECOLATOR (Continued from page 58)

Enjoy your multi-story home two years younger, was a Secret Service it, then she performed a chanting, skirt- without climbing a single step agent during the last year of the war. swishing, earring-jangling ceremony over with a comfortable, dependable, In 1863, while Allan Pinkerton it. Finally, maintenance free Wecolator was she told Redford to rehide

Stair Climber. I nstalls quickly investigating a claim at Clarksville, the money wherever he wished, just not and neatly on straight or curved Tenn.. a lovely young lady named Eliza- to open the bundle for 14 days. stairways. Operates on standard He 110 volt household service. beth Redford called on him, imploring obeyed. When he did open it, he found Also available - Cheney Wheel- his help in recovering $15,000 in gold no money at all but just odds and ends chair Lift - a real help to persons confined to wheelchairs. which some gypsies had "bewitched'" of metal. from her father a fortnight before. Allan Of course, by the time Elizabeth Red- Write or telephone for a free brochure at the THE CHENEY COMPANY, 7611 N. 73rd St. was quite busy time but Miss Red- ford asked Allan for help, Queen Hooker Dept. L, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53223 ford was engaged to a friend of his. a and her tribe had traveled far from their 414/354-8510 Lieutenant Hardy of the Union ordnance camp near Clarksville. Pinkerton. using MAKE $12 AN HOUR AT HOME reserve. That, the detective said, obli- the name of Ezra Allen, and two Pinker- gated him to help her. More likely, he ton detectives he called in to help with Let Me Prove It To You FREEl I'll show you how Plastic Laminating at home, spare time, can give you as much as $12 each hour you operate. Table- lop machine sets up anywhere. Easy. Fun. No experience needed. We furnish every- thing. We'll even help linance you. No Iiouse-to-house selling. No salesman will call.

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ite working Thanks to you

The United Wby "OK! Where's that hollow laughter coming from?" THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

HERNIA BRIEF couldn't resist the challenge to catch legwork, traced the gypsies to Calhoun, New. from England ... no metal parts . . . light, comfortable and hygienic. Has Miracle Adjust-A-Pad swindling gypsies. Ky. allows instant pad adjustment. Wear this modern sup- Talking to the girl. Allan quickly Queen Hooker had changed her name rort .ind fornel aboiil your hernia. 10 DAY FREE TRIAL — NO CASH NECES.SARY — YOU PAY recognized that her father had been to Queen White but she hadn't changed ONLY ON SATISFACTION. .Send for full details. robbed by a variation of the old Romany her practices. When "Ezra Allen." the SURGICAL INTERNATIONAL INC.. Dept. 33 Box 24, 403 Kennedy Blvd., Somerdale, N.J. 08083 hokkano bargo dodge, a gypsy "magic" bashful, hayseedy farmer whose fortune LEARN method of "doubling" money that is left she was telling, admitted to having a undisturbed for a certain period—long large bank balance, she told him to draw MEAT CUTTING enough for the gypsy to make a getaway his money out of the bank, that she'd

Train quickly in 8 shore weeks at Toledo with it before it's missed. come to his home and double it for him. for a brieht future with lecurity fn the vital meat buBinesH. Bi» pay, full. time jobs detective for HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OFYOUR In Redford's case, he fell under the The made arrangements OWN! Time payment plan available. Diplo- tna ffiven. spell cash and a local "home." This time, , Job help. Thouaandfi of suc- of the fascinating leader of a gypsy „, ceeiful graduates. OUR 49th YEAR! Send now for biK new illustrated FREE catalog. No obliiation. tribe. Queen Hooker, when she re- when the gypsy queen's accomplice out- C.I. approved. No, OI97I NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING nopl. A-jO. Tcili'do, Ohio 4;jr>o.l marked, while telling his fortune, that side the open window switched bright he had a large sum of money hidden in bundles under cover of her skirt-swish- iSEUS his garret. recently inherited the ing, he was seized by a Pinkerton detec- ON He'd money and he had no idea anyone sus- tive. The bashful farmer turned into an SflL new lifetime. Golden Metal SIGHT! Social Security Platei in spare time for pected where he'd secreted it. Queen imposing figure who chortled. "Madam, BfG FROFITS. Millioni waiting to buy. No inveitment or obligation whatsoever. Hooker offered to come to his house and you have been tricked!" He handed her SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE AND the if he'd her and her assistant over to the sheriff to be COMPLETE SALES KIT NOW.' double money pay $1,000 RUSSELL PRODUCTS CO after she'd doubled it. Redford agreed. returned to Clarksville. Redford, who P.O. BOX 286 AL-36 PULASKI. TEN N. 38478 She claimed to have magic powers, and recovered nearly all his money, prose- if she failed, what did he have to lose? cuted the pair and they drew a term in While Redford watched, the gypsy the penitentiary in Nashville. It is sad FLUSHES UP wrapped his three bags of money in to relate that people are still falling for to sewer or septic tank bright, scented "charm cloth" and bound the dodge these gypsies used. no digging up floors. the bundle with gold-threaded "magic" Allan Pinkerton, in the spring of 1864,

WRITE . . , McPHERSON, INC. cord. She placed the bundle in an open was assigned to the federal Department BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA. 33614 window so "air currents" could pass over of the Mississippi, with headquarters in

60 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 !

New Orleans. Instructed to unearth I proof of cotton frauds against the gov- I ernment, he got convictions on a series of I them. He was in New Orleans when I Lincoln was assassinated and had no part in protecting the President or seeking I the plotters. A wire to Washington offer- I ing his aid was turned down by Secretary I of War Stanton. I After the war, Allan moved back to I Chicago and resumed his agency opera- I tions with the help of his two sons. the IT'S I In 1866, father, sons and some of best Pinkerton agents ran most of the I Reno gang to the ground in a series of I risky exploits. The gang had stolen over I $700,000 in midwestern train and bank WARM I robberies until it made the mistake of HABAND'S TA OUNCE getting $10,000 from the safe of a Pink- I erton client, the Adams Express Co. BODY VEST I While the Reno trials were pending, sev- I eral attempts were 3 Layers Warm made to murder I Pinkerton. On the Windsor-Detroit ferry, If this much extra protection I an outlaw had his revolver pointed at were to be into Allan when he snatched the gun and sewn any I struck the man such a blow that he was coat you own it would cost I still unconscious when he arrived at $50! You get it this way for I Detroit police headquarters. LESS THAN SIX BUCKS! I Other notorious outlaw gangs in the I postwar years included the Sontags, Dal- Wear it over a shirt, under a tons, Youngers, Jameses and Cassidys. suit or inside a comfortable I The Sontags specialized in stagecoach jacket and be the best- I robberies along the western frontier. protected outdoorsman this I They said they loved to find "a Pinkerton side of the Arctic. I to kill" aboard a stagecoach and they COLOR: DARK BLUE I murdered several of Allan's agents be- fore they were caught. I Haband's "BODY VEST" is a knitted 100% NYLON shell I stuffed with cozy Du Pont "DACRON®" polyester bonded IN 1867, after four bank robberies in fiberfill, and lined with 100% thernnal knit cotton. I Missouri, a group of bankers hired Tubular all knit construction allows complete mobility, easy I Allan Pinkerton to catch the gangs. For stretch action. You'll forget you have it on, but winter's worst I the next 16 years the Pinkertons were in LU will breeze right by. I the thick of the "bloody Middle Border O 100% Washable. Big, hefty metal zipper. Big front pockets for reign of terror" of the Jameses, Youngers I hands, shotgun shells, or Fido's leash when you let him run. and Daltons. o I Extra Length. Kidney back extension keeps out chill even when The involved histories of these gangs I you bend. Repeat: It's like $50 more protection, sewn into a and the warfare against them waged by coat. I peace officers and Pinkerton agents fill I volumes. The action ranged from Chi- $5.95 PRICE COMPLETE cago and Missouri through the Rocky J Recommended for Mountain states. Gang members and newsTayer" I truckers,, football agents died or were crippled for life in I fans, dog walkers, HABAND BODY VEST isolated gun battles over stagecoach and snow shovellers, - railway shipments. Many of the bad guys HABAND COMPANY and all you fresh- I were brought to justice singly. In the Direct Service Dept. air fiends who want 95 I fall of 1874, two bank cashiers, a train 265 North 9th Street to run around in postpaid engineer and three Pinkerton agents Paterson, N.J. 07508 I near zero weather (2 for 10.95) were killed in a month by the James gang. O.K., I with a minimum please send me . 5 The next January, a Pinkerton agent, amount of bulky Body Vests, for which I enclose Circle Your Size: I posing as a farmhand, , which I under- reported that the encumbering winter $ I James brothers were coming to visit the stand will be refunded in full if 36 38-40 42-44 clothes on. It's I gang hideout at the Samuels' farm near WARMTH I do not choose to wear the vest I 46-48 50-52 54 Lee's Summit, Mo. A posse of local peace when see it. I 706-76 officers besieged WITHOUT I the house and blew it Name up in an attempt to burn it. Members of WEIGHT (please print) I the Samuels family—including Jesse Order by mail or visit our I James' half-brother, ei-ght-year-old retail store in Paterson, 265 Street No. 9th St. Open daily and I Archie Samuels—were injured and the Saturday until 5 p.m. boy died. But the James brothers es- City I caped, and Jesse James later spent four HABAND ZIP I {Continued on page 62) CODE I

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 61 —

ALLAN PINKERTON— OUR ORIGINAL PRIVATE EYE .BRING 'EM BACK WITH. A PERSONALIZED TAG OR NAMEPLATE Sale on (Continued from page 61) ^ o \ scarce dates -SITSY- months in Chicago trying to meet Allan ROBERT G. DOW Lincoln Cents—15t each STAMPED UP TO 15 1910 11 14 16 17 17D 18 19S 19D 203 20D 21 24 25 25S Pinkerton face to face and shoot him LEHERS A LINE 1926 26D 27 27D 28D 29S 29D 30S 30D 34D 35S 35D 368 TAG NO 33. 1936D 378 37D 38 39S 408 41S 42D 428 43 43D 43S 448 but failed to. One of the James gang, 19458 468 473 488 498 503 513 52 528 53D 538 54 543 1955D 60D Ford, finally shot Jesse in the back BRASS TAG NO. J» Bob Jefferson Nickels—25t each NICKEL PLATED BRASS 1.00 EA. 50« EACH 1938 39 40 408 418 42 42D 428 43 438 44 44D 443 45 453 in 1882 in St. Joseph, Mo. That same ILLUSTRATION.S 1 ., ACTUM, .SIZE. 1945D 468 478 483 493 50 51 D 520 528 538 54 548 550 56 ADD lUC- FOR HANDLING . year Allan Pinkerton suffered a slight Roosevelt Dimes— 30{ each /gi!ia.i.TJ:inii?rc»B^ 1946 460 463 47 473 48 483 49 49D 50 508 51 510 518 52 stroke, and the gang wars were over for (SB NAME OF OWNER . ADOflESS^g? ! 1952D 523 53 530 533 54 540 543 553 560 570 58 580 \lM~DgirrNAME OR ANY 1, LEnT1?S~M> / 1960 600 died in the summer of 1884, '^^"XTinT- NAMEPLAIE NO"T~yy him. He To enjoy these savings over our regular prices, simply No. I BRASS OR ALUMINUM NAMEPLATE aged 65, and Joan followed him two circle dates wianted and send this ad with remittance. 60e each (Minimum order $1.) Money-back guarantee. years later. His sons and other Pinker- DOW MANUFACTURING COMPANY OEPT. L WEST LEBANON, N. H. 03784 Superior Supply Co. tons kept after the outlaws until 1898, Oept. TM-2, 16 Maple 8t., Littleton, N.H. 03561 when the reign of the Cassidy gang in Read the tiniest print instantly! the Mountain states petered out. The Pinkerton agency has changed its character and its name, and grown pro- POLLUTIOH WARNING digiously in the 88 years since Allan's CIGAR death. Until Allan's great-grandson, Rob- TO SMOKERS The chances are better than 9 out of Pinkerton II, died in 1967, a mem- ert A. 10 that the cigar you're smoking is ber of the family was always at its head. With these deluxe fashionable adulterated by chemically treated repro- Today, its president is Edward J. Bed- "HALF FRAME" Reading Glasses cessed tobacco that's hidden inside These "Ben Franklin" style glasses are a perfect 1965, "National Detective where you can't see it. Check up on your narz. In aid in reading fine print in phone books, menus, cigar . . . Peel off the outer wrapper and dropped from the firm programs, etc. Wear "look over" specs Agency" was you'll find inner and have normal vision without re- 9 times out of 10 an Inc. $595 name and it became Pinkerton's, moving them. Impact resistant lenses. core that looks like brown wrapping Tortoise or Jet Black. Men's or Add What Allan started in Chicago 1 22 years Brown 50<^ paper. Take it out and burn it. Notice women's. With case. Not Rx, astigma- Handling how the smoke smells like burning ago with nine men is now a New York- tism or eye diseases. paper? . . . Are you willing to accept this based firm with more than 33,000 em- JOY OPTICAL no orien for N.Y. del'y Dept. 586, 73 Fiftb Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003 chemical adulteration inside your sys- States ployees in 101 cities in the United tem? Why do most cigar makers do it? and Canada. It conducts private investi- Simply because it saves them a barrel gations for businesses and individuals; full of money. provides uniformed security forces for Our cigar factory is one of tfie few left that uses nothing but 100% pure natural leaf industries, stores, businesses, hospitals tobacco. It's supervised by dedicated Cubans who would never bow to Castro or put any- and schools on a year-round basis, and thing but the finest imported natural leaf and tobacco in their cigars. for sports contests, fairs, conventions The unique non-profif placement agency TEST AT RISK biggest private SMOKE OUR other special events. The ...specialists in disabled personnel If you care about what you're smoking, security contract ever for non-construc- and you like the flavor of delicious mild to- 717 hi Ave. N.YC. Yukon 6-0044 bacco, I'd like you to test smoke, entirely at tion purposes was awarded to the Pinker- my risk, a Special Sampler of 7 of our finest tons by the N.Y. World's Fair Corp. of quality cigars. These cigars are the famous FLOR DE FAUSTINO GOMEZ brand and the em- 1964-65. The agency had 4,500 "JHITE S METAL DETECTORS tobacco is all imported, grown from Cuban seed smuggled out of Havana by Cuban ex- ployees on the job at the fair. Among WHITE'S ELECTRONICS, INC. manufacture iles in the dark of night to an adjacent Carib- the World's Largest and Finest Line of Mineral bean "Island in the Sun" where they culti- their many duties, they returned 10,813 and Metal Detectors. Ghosttowning. vate the tobacco with all the loving care and lost children to their families, including beachcombing, bottle hunting, coin hunting-all types of TREASURE HUNTING or Cuban know-how that makes these cigars taste so wonderfully mild and flavorful. The a Brooklyn boy who set a record. Five PROSPECTING, amateur or professional. Detect conductive metals-Gotd, Silver, Copper beautiful silky brown-skinned wrappers are times he was lost at the fair, and five Nuggets-Coini-Rings-Jewelry, etc. grown in the shade under the waving palm or on the land, "There are no finer trees where the direct sunlight never reaches times the Pinkertons saw him back home Underwater at any price" 25 production models to choose them. That's why they're so mild, smooth and Irom-T-R. or 8.F.O. Priced from up tender that they'll remind you of a Senorita's safely. A few years ago, 1 ,000 Pinkertons $7150 —AltMsyt ip«cify the Blue & Gold - kiss in the moonlight. And remember the were used for crowd control at an Army- ASK FOR WHITE'S BY NAME best part, they're pure tobacco, all tobacco -FrM LiUraturt- and nothing but tobacco. Navy football game in Philadelphia. WHITE S ELECTRONICS 100% ALL IMPORTED PURE LEAF TOBACCO The particular brand of detective work They range all the way from a 5 inch Half Rm. No. 502 1011 Plvaunt Vatlty Rd for which Allan was gifted, especially Corona up to the 40$ 6 inch Palmas de SwMi Horn*. Oragon Seville size and they include the popular 33784 Haiti Strati Eltt-Air Industrial Park the assumption of major roles in what thin 6'/2 inch Delicados, too. But Abbotsford, B.C., Dexttr Drivt, East extra long Canada Eirhan, Indiana 4651 forget about high prices on this Special In- are essentially police cases, is no longer troductory Non-Profit transaction. All I ask is in the forefront of the agency's work. that you send me $1.00 to help cover post- age, expense and cigar tax. But Allan left a legacy for official police When you get your Sampler, I want you TELL THE WORLD YOU SERVED! investigation. He had criminal detection to test smoke each size and shape. Then if WEAR A COMMEMORATIVE RING you don't think they are the finest cigars down to a fine science at a time when you ever smoked this side of Havana, return DIVISION NUMBER the rest for your money back without ques- fingerprinted; INSIGNIA, bad men weren't when CAMPAIGNS tion or quibble, and the cigars you smoked there were no rogues' galleries and no are "on the house". Only 1 Sampler Kit to a customer. Good in U.S.A. ONLY. police systems for collecting and relaying intelligence; when the remoteness of WALLY FRANK LTD. Dept. PW 101 132 Church Street, New York, N. Y. 10007 j much of the country favored the fugitive, | Send me your Sampler, postpaid, on your and when communication and transpor- money back guarantee, enclosed find $1.00. I Easy-Pay Plan I $48 Please Print Name & Address below. tation services were poor. Aviators later PRESTIGE RINGS you'll be proud to wear. Combine your lifetime armed I I coined the term to describe how you do present affiliation or profession with a service memento. Heavy, man-sized in 10-K gold. Amer- military rings, over 1000 com- a good job when you have only your in- ica's largest selection of I binations, all services, all wars. Prompt delivery. Charge stincts to rely on. It fitted Allan Pinker- on B of A, M C, Amex cards. Money-back guarantee! I ton to a T. He flew by the seat of his Send for FREE full color catalog today. ROYAL MILITARY JEWELRY pants. THE END Box Y-AL-9, Apache Junction, Ariz. 85220 1

62 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 The Official NFL "Autograph" Football

•—SHOPPER Your choice of all 26 NFL teams- with the players' signatures!

Be a hero to some kid . . . or display it with your trophies. \ Order g49360. Only $6.95 ppd. Order #49560. Special! Football plus kick-off tee.

Use it for kicking, or as an ideal display. Great gift idea! The official NFL autographed football proudly Only $7.95 complete, postpaid. bears the name of your favorite team plus the [SPECIFY NFL TEAM NAME.) official NFL emblem, and is imprinted with indi- vidual facsimile signatures of that team's. mem- (N Y. residents add sales tax.) or order. STOP STOOPING, sagging shoulders with bers. You'll want to give it to a youngster or keep Send check money new Pi Peer Shoulder Brace. Made of it in a prominent spot in your trophy room, den, THE EVERYTHING GUARANTEE material; cool, or office for all football-minded uentilated-for-comfort 3-ply — your friends to The GALLERY guarantees EVERYTHING: The lightweight, with padded arm bands. Cor- admire. quality, accuracy of description, availability, rects posture instantly. $6.95. 450 pstge. Official size, official weight ball is of rugged prompt delivery. If not delighted, return toot- (Men give measure around chest; women simulated pigskin that has the leathery grain, feel, ball within 3 weeks after you receive it (not nnder bust). Piper Brace, Dept. AL-102SH, and heft of a real pro ball. Perfect for limbering the usual 10 days) for an instant refund of 811 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Mo. 64105. up your passing arm, whenever you're in the purchase price. mood. Comes inflated, but has inflating needle in package, so you can always pump it up to official hy mail from »GALLERY pressure, no matter how many years you have it around. Dept. 4989, Amsterdam, N.Y. 12010

Electronic Miracle Turns MAGNIFYING GLASSES Your House Wiring Into JUMBO TV ANTENNA A Blessing For Folks Over 40 Read newspaper, telephone book, Bible and do close work easily. SEE CLEARER

Now you can bring in every INSTANTLY. Not Rx or for astigmatism channel in your area sharp or eye diseases. 10 day trial. Sturdy, 50TH ANNIVERSARY MEDALLION. Struck and clear without installing antenna or good-looking. Glass precision ground in .999+ pure silver. Only 1,800 left of a an expensive outdoor limited edition. Each medal individually ing unsightly "rabbit ears." This and polished; metal hinges. Send age, simple little invention does the trick. numbered. Order No. 78073—$10.00 sex. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. You attach it easily and quickly to your TV set. each, from: National Emblem Sales, P.O. then plug it into wall outlet. Uses no current at all On arrival pay postman $4.95 plus C.O.D. Box 1055, Dept. M, Indianapolis, Indiana . . . makes your home wiring a huge antenna for 46206. super reception. Great for FM radios, too. Instruction or send only $4.95 and we pay postage. included. Send check or IMO. No COD's. 21-Day PRECISION OPTICAL CO., Dept. 34-Z, Rochelle, III. 61068 Money Back Guarantee. DADPI AV Dept- 67-L, 170-30 Jamaica Ave. DHHULHI Jamaica, N.Y. 11432 The Last "Complete" Silver Set! Know 1964-P U.S.COIN SET with the in-demand John F. Kennedy Half Dollar, STAMP in attractive sparkling lucite display holder. your Fine memento, important to collectors and in- COLLECTION vestors. Wonderful gift for Christmas, confirma- tion, anniversary, birthday and special occasions . blood All different colorful, ... a gift that's different and valuable! hand-picked from exot- ic lands, new nations, pressure „i3 Only Africa, Kurope. etc. In- people, cludes famous If your doctor recommends animals, sets, new is- you $3.95 more. keep close tab on your sues, triangles, blood All only lOt to get your pressure, here's the perfect in- 37.50 name for our mailing strument. High-quality Aneroid-type with touch and Sets—$ list. Also, free, most hold Velcro® sleeve. No slipping. Accurate, easy-to- Sets—$ 90.00 wonderful catalog of read gauge. Compact zippered case. Unconditional stamp offers in Amer- Sets—$147.50 one-year warranty against defects in workmanship ica. Send lOt. name, or materials. plus Sets—$280.00 address, zip to: Llttle^ $16.95 75c postage. You'll need stethoscope Dept. i i a and we have an excellent one for ton Stamp Co., Also Available: 1965, 1966, 1967 QC r,<.h RF-1, Littleton, New $4.95 plus 25c postage. Money-back guarantee if 1968, 1969, 1970 Coin Sets ^O.ilu Hampshire, 03651 returned ppd. within 30 days. Kinlen Co. • Dept. AL-I02BU (10, 25, 50 and 100 Sets 809 Wyandotto • Kansas City, Mo. 64105 priced same as 1964 Sets) Beautifully brilliant and uncirculated Coin Sets TITANIA in permanent see-thru holders—fully guaranteed 1000 RETURN ADDRESS LABELS on a moneyback basis. OUTSHINES THEM ALL. Special Close-out on Silver Sets $100 featuring hard-to-get-Franklin Halves At only 1960 set—$ 7.85 1962 set—$ 6.50 1961 set—$ 7.25 1963 set—$ 6.00 RICH GOLD TRIM $15 percaratl FREE HANDY BOX only Quick, easy way to put $49.95 Titania— the man-made lewel that outshines dia- your name and return $59.20 Value, if bought separately monds With more brilliance, more fire than the address on letters, books, you buy Titania direct genuine diamond Now can FREE 1971 COIN SET WITH EVERY $49.95 ORDER records, etc. ANY name, address and zip code from the cutters! From the first people in the busi- I | up to 4 lines beautifully printed in black on ness—with more than 50 years experience. The Order today! Send check or M.O. or crisp white gummed labels. Rich gold trim. 2" perfect gift for every occasion! Lady s 1 ct Titania Charge Your Diners Club, American Exp., ring, $36, man s, $44. All jewelry in 14K gold. Write long. Just $1 ppd. Money back if not pleased. Master Chg. for our free ring size chart and 120 page full-color Free decorative box for purse or desk. Send for jewelry catalog. 10 day money back guarantee, SUPERIOR COIN CO. (Dept. AL5) free catalog. ^^^^ Building Lapidary Company, Dept AL-10 34 E. 12th St., N.Y., N.Y. 10003 (212) GR 7-5780 1/1/ li. rt I j^sX^^^^fl WSltOr UrdKG Colorado Springs, Colorado 80940 511 East 12Street, New York, NY. 10009 Add 50e for postage & handling on all orders under S20.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 63 —

OLD VETERAN'S DAY Dad donned his Legion cap today, I pinned on his medals, so grand. PARTING SHOTS He straightened his shoulders, best he could And waved a small flag in his hand. Though he could not hear a single word And his voice can't carry a tune, He tapped his foot to the beat of the drum As the parade marched past his room. The steps he kept through past parades No longer move him ahead. But, he waves his flag and keeps the time At eighty-nine .... from his bed. Florence Buell Becker

SQUEEZED DRY Federal and State Taxes: Double wring ceremony.

Raymond J. Cvikota

PRAYERS HELP I'd hate to see school prayers abolished I like to give credit where due; Because, looking back on my student days. That's how I got through! G. O. LUDCKE

BIG MAMA SPEAKS Overheard: "You can pull that liberated stuff

'The men say if you don't shorten the hours for picket on your husband, but don't try

duty, they're going to go back to work." it on me, kiddo . . . I'm your ." mother. . THE AMFllK'W I FIIION M \r; N/ISK Angie Papadakis

THEATER HISTORY Edison's stereopticon-ography PLUMB GOOD QUESTION Plus "The Sheik" and Raquel's neat topography And cowboys and Lassie AI)Out 200 doctors were attending a medical convention in one of the In theaters classy citv's older hotels. After finishing his speech, one of the physicians sat All led up to today's popcornography. and crashed to the floor as his chair collapsed. down— Suzv Schaffner \s he lay amid the wreckage, a voice called out from the rear of the room: "Is there a carpenter in the house?" Herm Albright

DON'T MESS WITH JACKIE! Little Jackie had been a terror at school recess. Some girls had been teasing him, and in a rage he chased them through the playground, pulling their hair and knocking them down. After recess, the teacher called him down and said: "Jackie, I want you to apologize to these girls for losing your temper." "All right," the youngster replied, standing up like a man. "Girls, I'm sorry I lost my temper." But as he sat down, he heard some girls titter. He was back on his feet in an instant. "But I didn't lose all of it!" he warned. F. G. Kernan

BRIGHT SIDE The second-grade teacher asked her pupils what the automobile con- tributed to man. Some of the answers were not very optimistic.

"The automobile gave us smog, " one boy answered. "Trafiic accidents," sui^plied another "I have to dispose of these worthless rec- "Family arguments," a girl olfered seriou.sly. ords, so I mark them top secret. Maybe One little boy thought the question over carefully before answering, "The some newspaper columnist will steal automobik- did one good thing— it did away with horse stealing." them."

Lane Olinghouse THE AMERICAN l.ECION MACA/INF.

64 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1972 Seagram's 7 Crown. Ifs America's whiskey.

America knows what it likes. People's tastes are different across the country, but all America likes 7 Crown. Its unique smoothness and lightness mean the same thing to everyone. That's why more Americans enjoy 7 Crown's light taste than the leading Scotch and Canadian combined. From coast to coast, 7 Crown is America's favorite.

Thank you, America, for making our whiskey your whiskey.

Arizona Cookout

Golden Gate Bridge

'>* '"'1

\

~ —'— -.III . "^HBHBSBBSB^^^^^^^^^B ®1972 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, N.C.

Today, a man needs a good reason to walk a mile.

Start walking.

Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined

That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.

25 mg. "tar!' 1.5 mg. nicotine av. per cigarette. FTC Report APR.72.