Studying, Preserving, and Sharing Knowledge of Tools Henry Disston Jr. at Camp Hill Meeting story begins on page 6

M-WTCA.ORG

Bailey's Victor Planes story begins on page 10

September 2010 No. 140 The Gristmill Index

Features Departments Leonard Bailey: In Hartford and Woonsocket, Cha ff ...... 4 1875-1884 Part II ...... lO You Can't Hear it Coming if it Doesn't Make a Sound . .. . 5 National Park Service Split & Whittle Workshop Held . . . . 26 National Meeti ng ...... 6 A Defi a nce Machine Works Find ...... 30 Nationa l Meeti ng, Display Winners ...... 8 Disston Medical Amputation Saw ...... 42 Book Review ...... 25 Area Meets ...... 33 Auxiliary ...... 44 Tool Family Trees ...... 49 Cover photo of Henry Disston Jr. provided by John Wa lkowiak Coll ection Spotlight ...... 50 Lest We Forget ...... 52 NOTE: Virginia is now Area S. Formerly it was part of Area P. Obituary ...... 53

The Gristmill No. 140 September, 2010

Copyright 2010 by Mid-West Tool Collectors Directors Committee Chairman Association, Inc. All rights reserved. www.mwtca.org Area A AreaJ Elections ...... George Wanamaker Hollis Feeser, 2010 Rick Kerns, 2011 Meeting Planning ...... Bob Fields Editor & Advertising Manager: Bill Kolm Robert Nelson, 2011 Jim Dills, 2012 Membership ...... John Walkowiak 11415 Spaulding St. Omaha, NE 68164 Richard Rayburn, 2012 Scholarship ...... Mark Eastlick Contributing Editors: Bob Roger, James Goodson AreaK AreaB Bill Youart, 2010 Gristmill Editor...... Bill Kolm Graphic Design: Tracie Sis Pete Hartmann, 2010 Monte Harold, 2011 Special Publications ...... Vincent Soukup Steve McNulty, 2011 The Gristmill is the official publication of the Mid-West By-Laws and Policy ...... Vaughn Simmons Darrel Vogt, 2012 AreaL Tool Collectors Association, Inc. Published quarterly in What's lt...... Ron White Dave Fessler, 2011 March, June, September and December. Directory ...... Larry Thorson The purpose of the association is to promote the preserva­ Area C tion, study and understanding of ancient tools, implements Del Galofaro, 2010 AreaM Preservation & Education ...... Phil Baker and devices of farm, home, industry and shop of the pio­ Mike Stemple, 2011 Richard Bradshaw, 2010 Marion Henley Award ...... Mel Ring neers; also, to study the crafts in which these objects were Jim Crarnmond, 2012 Ronnie Glover, 20 12 Displays & Awards ...... Dick Bradshaw used and the craftsmen who used them; and to share knowl­ Family Assistance ...... Don Riley edge and understanding with others, especially where it may AreaD AreaN Internet ...... Don Bosse benefit restoration, museums and like institutions. William Rupert, 2010 William Morgan, 2010 Ed Chahal, 2011 Phil Baker, 2011 Address Labels ...... Kerry McCalla President Lee Kallstrom, 2012 Randy Knudsen, 2012 Scrapbook ...... Barb & Mike Slasinski Ed Hobbs 4417 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603-3315 Area E AreaO [email protected] (919) 828-2754 Ron Knorr, 2010 Bob Valich, 2010 Robert Olesen, 2011 Allan Foster, 2011 Where to Send What Vice-President of Elections Please note where to send what so it will reach the Rus Allen, 2012 Bob Weaver, 2012 George Wanamaker right person. 321 S. Lafayette, Macomb, IL 61455-2233 Gary Johnson, 2012 [email protected] (309) 836-6872 Area P Send changes in your address, phone number or AreaF Mark Eastlick, 2010 E-Mail to: KLM Computer Services, do Kerry McCalla, Vice-President of Meeting Planning Mark Johnson, 2011 Vaughn Simmons, 2011 104 Engle Ct., Franklin, TN 37069, phone (615) 791-6198, Bob Fields Randy Brown, 2012 Donald Stark, 2011 E-Mail [email protected] 7835 Mount Holly Huntersville, Charlotte, NC 28216-8710 [email protected] (704) 393-1282M-WTCA.ORG Bill Marlowe, 2012 Richard Weymer II, 2012 Request The Gristmill copies from: Carl Gray, 17140 28 Mile Road, Ray, Michigan 48096-2905, phone (586) Vice-President of Membership AreaG Area Q 781-9467, E-Mail: [email protected] John Walkowiak Ray Myers, 2010 Tom Konsler, 2010 Pay membership dues for current year: Dues are $25 3452 Humboldt Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55408-3332 Roy Ebersole, 2011 David Friday, 2011 for USA, $33 for Canada & $44 for Foreign members. [email protected] (612) 824-0785 Wayne Michael, 2012 Rob Zaccardi, 2012 Send your check made out to M-WTCA to LeRoy Witzel, Vice-President of Scholarship Treasurer, P.O. Box 355 Humboldt, 1A 50548-0535 phone Area H Area R (515) 890-0262 E-Mail [email protected]. Please Mark Eastlick Peter Habicht, 2010 14530 Mount Pleasant Road, Cambridge Spring, Jim Bode, 2010 write RENEW and your name and address on your Penn. 16403-9776 phone (814) 734-7818 Mark Hughes, 2011 check. Do not use a new member application to renew Areas an existing membership. Treasurer Area I Submit materials and advertising information to LeRoy Witzel James Goodson, 2010 The Gristmill: Send to Bill Kolm 11415 Spaulding P.O. Box 355, Humboldt, Iowa 50548-0355 Emory Goad, 2011 Street Omaha, NE 68164, phone (402) 572-1238, [email protected] (515) 890-0262 E-Mail [email protected] Obtain scholarship information: Contact Mark Eastlick Secretary The Gristmill is printed by Elman & Co. Inc. Larry Thorson 14530 Mount Pleasant Road, Cambridge Spring, Penn. 6565 South 118th St. Omaha, Nebraska 68137 16403-9776 phone (814) 734-7818 764 Stonebridge Avenue, Onalaska, WI 54650-8813 phone 402.346.0888 [email protected] (608) 779-0966z

2 The Gristmill Coming Up

M-WTCA National Meetings

Fall 2010 ...... NEW DATE ...... October 7-9, Louisville, Kentucky Bob Fields (704) 393-1282, [email protected] Spring 2011 ...... June 23-25, Bowling Green, KY. Bob Fields (704) 393-1282, [email protected] 2010 M-WTCA Area Meetings

Area B ...... Meet.. ... September 11th, Deforest, Wl Area E ...... Meet ..... Nov. 7, Carlinville, IL Steve McNulty (608) 792-2899, [email protected] Bob Terry (618)377-3421, [email protected] Area C ...... Meet... .. Sept. 25, Dearborn, MI Area P ...... Meet ..... Nov. 13, Broadway, VA Del Galofaro (734) 676-0997, [email protected] Vaughn Simmons (540) 432-0617, [email protected] Area D ...... Meet... .. Sep. 26, Omaha, NE Area N ...... Meet ..... Nov. 20, Panhandle Pioneer Settlement, Blountstown, FL Fred Leu ( 402) 592-1907, [email protected] Willard Smith (850) 674--2777, [email protected] Area Q ...... Meet... .. Nov. 6, Bethania, NC Area F ...... Meet ..... November 20-21, McCormick's Creek State Park, Spencer, IN Robert Oehrnan (919) 858-8506, [email protected] Mark Johnson (765) 778-2269, [email protected] 2011 M-WTCA Area Meetings

Area F ...... Meet ..... March 12-13, McCormick's Creek State Park, Spencer, IN Area D ...... Meet.. ... May 8, Humboldt, IA Matt Borders (812) 824-9318, [email protected] LeRoy Witzel (515) 890-0262, [email protected] Area E ...... Meet ..... March 27, Loves Park, IL. Gary Johnson (815) 636-1464, [email protected] 2012 M-WTCA Area Meetings

Area D ...... Meet.. ... May 6, Humboldt, IA LeRoy Witzel (515) 890-0262, [email protected]

Dates must be cleared with Jim Crammond (734) 241-0549, [email protected]

11111 ...... R, Financial Statement: 11 ■ :•• I ■■ ::.J ~ --_• - ■ ., ... i.a.• • lf,....1 ■■ '"'1 ■ Nomination Committee Report INCOME Dec. 31, 2009 Membership Dues ...•..... 79,850 The Board of Directors has approved the following Mid-West Tool Collectors Association, Inc. Life Membership ...... •..•.. 2,000 Gristmill Advertising .•..•.•.• 6.524 slate of candidates for the year 2010 -2011: Semi-Annual Meetings •..•.. 5,850 ~tllt1nll(:;,l ~ ~ Auctions ...•...... •..• 1,088 President ASSETS Interest Income ...... •..••. 7,979 Operating Funds Donations (non-restricted) ... 8,835 George Wanamaker NW Fed. (Ckg) ...... •..... 28,353 Donations (restricted) .•••.• 14,863 NW Fed. (CD) ...... 10,000 Label Sales ....••...••....•.. 324 Vice President - Meeting Planning NW Fed. (CD) ...... 30,000 Directory Advertising ••.••••. 1,525 Bob Fields NW Fed. (CD) ...... 17,922 Areas & AVXll. (Income ) ..•• 3,398 Sec. Sav. (CD) ...... 15, 186 Misc.40th Aniv. TShirts .•.•...• 200 Vice President - Elections Sec.Sav. (CD) ...... 15,186 TOTAL INCOME •••..•.••.•• $132,436 Vanguard MM ...... 1,406 Hollis Feeser Restricted Funds EXPENSE Scholarship ...... 125 Scholarship •...•..••...•.•. 9,213 Vice President - Scholarship Endowment ...... 33,316 Mt. Vernon ...•.•...... 3,386 Mark Eastlick Meeting Reserve ...... 13,737 Auction Expense ...... 72 Mt. Vernon Tools ...... 231 Gristmill ...... •...... 43,314 Vice President - Membership Pres. & Ed. Comm ...... 1,329 Membership Directory....•. 11,551 M-WTCA.ORGLife Memb'sp Fund ...... 73,747 Special Publication ....•..•. 6,936 John Walkowiak Unrestricted Funds Director's Q'rtly Report ...... 242 New Members Back Copies .. 2,096 Board Reserve ...... 103,005 What's It Comm ...... •..• 311 Secretary Adv. Level Contri ...... 40,032 Other Comm. Exp ...... 881 Other Larry Thorson Membership Development .. 2,639 Assets held by Areas &Aux. . 34, 158 Advertising ...... 222 Treasurer TOTAL ASSETS ...... $435,652 Area Mailing Labels ...... 602 Administrative (copying, LIABILmES LeRoy Witzel printing, stati'ry, pst'ge,etc) .. 2,652 Deferred Revenue Dues ___ Loss on fall meeting ...... 2,794 (Paid in 2009 for 2010) ...... 58,848 Additional nominations will be accepted from the floor at the elec­ Membership Database Serv .. 4,331 tion to be held at the 2010 fall Semi-Annual meeting. EQUITY CPA Services ...... •..... 460 Retained earnings ...... 343,587 Treasurer ...... 5,66 I All members who attend the Fall Semi-Annual meeting, October 7-9, 2010, Net Current Income ...... 33,217 Insurance ...... 1,368 Bank charges ...... 101 in Louisville, KY, are urged to attend the member's election and vote. TOTAL EQUITY ...... 376,804 Semi-annual meeting exp ..... 387 is TOTAL LIABILmES & EQUmES ... $435,652 The Nominating Committee soliciting suggestions from all mem­ TOTAL EXPENSES ...... •.•.. $99,219 bers for candidates for the year 2011-2012. Please contact Ed Hobbs, NEr INCOME ....•...... •..• $33.217 Chair of the Nominating Committee. September 2010 3 Chaff From The President, Ed Hobbs

I can not believe that it has been almost three look inside the front cover of The Gristmill and years since I was first elected President of M­ remember to thank them for all they do for M-WTCA. WTCA. This is my last year and my last CHAFF I am happy to report that as I leave this office, M­ column as our bylaws limit the term of President WTCA is in very good shape physically and fiscally. to a maximum of three one-year terms. We are continuing to grow our membership and we During these three years, I have had the privilege are financially sound. In some ways, we may actual- to meet and talk with many of you and had the ly be bucking the trend as many civic, religious, fra­ opportunity to share a story or two, perhaps trade a tool or ternal, and hobby related Associations are not growing and are just generally shoot the breeze about what we all have in in fact, losing members and are having financial challenges. common: A genuine love for old tools. Believe me, these Why is this the case, you may ask? I believe it is because all of conversations have always been meaningful and enjoyable, our members, whether elected or not, are leaders. You see, and I have learned a lot from you. leadership is defined as doing everything you can do to further I have also had the privilege to work with a very dedicated and the success of the Association to which you belong. Writing conscientious group of people who have stepped up and given articles, serving as a director, hosting meetings, greeting others of their time and talents to help lead this association. Among at meetings, being helpful and friendly, promoting M-WTCA these are our elected officers who have done outstanding jobs and finding good new members are just a few examples. supporting and leading M-WTCA which are reflected in the fol­ Everyone may not be able to do all of these things, but every­ lowing ways. We have a sound membership base, a strong one can continue to do their part, and each part, no matter how group of Directors, a scholarship program of which we can all simple it may seem, is important and vital to our organization. be proud, semi-annual meetings we always look forward to, And finally for M-WTCA to continue to grow and become an detailed minutes of meetings and associated business items even stronger and more vital organization, I would like to that get accomplished, and a very strong and sound financial challenge all of the elected leaders to carefully weigh any and footing. Our committee chairs have done a great job in all areas all decisions that come before the officers, and make them in from producing The Gristmill, to planning our Area meetings, a manner that is in the best long term interest of the to sending out back Gristmill issues to those who join during Association. Many times in life we have to set aside our per­ the year. Everyone involved with planning and carrying out our sonal preferences to do what is best for the overall organiza­ Semi-Annual National meetings provides a service that some­ tion and that is what I challenge you to do. Thank you for times may be taken for granted. Our auxiliary officers and their allowing me to serve M-WTCA as your President over the past committee chairs and others help make the auxiliary such a three years and I look forward to talking about our mutual vibrant and important part of M-WTCA. The Directors and love of old tools in the near future. I hope to see you in everyone that plans our vital, local Area meetings are so impor­ Louisville at our Fall Semi-Annual meeting in October, 2010. tant. The list would be too long to include everyone, so please

What's It eBay by John Walkowiak Virginia White our What's It columnist has submitted Please consider placing an M-WTCA membership promo­ her resignation. She will miss the interesting letters tion in your listing or on your web site. This will be good for and answers from the membersM-WTCA.ORG but can not find the M-WTCA by providing the thousands of eBayer's and online time available to continue the job. Virginia will accept collectors who are looking at old tools and do not know any answers from the last column and forward them on about us, an easy means to make contact with our organi­ to the owners. If anyone is interested in replacing zation. This will also improve your credibility as a seller by Virginia as the What's It columnist please contact the showing your affiliation with M-WTCA. It will be a Win-Win Editor of The Gristmill. Virginia has graciously volun­ situation for everyone! Just go to http://mwtca.org and click teered to assist her replacement to get started with the on the Selling on eBay bar on the left side of the homepage. next What's It column. M-WTCA takes this opportunity Then simply copy and paste the promotion and add it to to thank Virginia for her four years of outstanding serv­ your listing where it best fits. It is simple and easy and will ice to the organization. be a great help in exposing our great organization to the world. Also, do not forget to include a membership brochure in all the tools you send out. Please contact me and I will send a supply of membership brochures to you.

4 The Gristmill You Can't Hear it Coming if it Doesn't Make a Sound by James Goodson

I rarely wear sunglasses, but small price at that time for a minty 45 as it was the hay day the glare I am getting at the of the 'multi planes' and they were very hot items. I had moment has me looking for probably five different early models then and was collect­ the last place I may have left ing the earliest models I could find. His next words them. I am not outside right were ...... "would you like to have it?" I must have gasped now but in my workroom at just a bit for it truly was a gorgeous site to road weary eyes my workbench giving a cur­ and I really would have hung sheet rock by myself for a sory cleaning to an extremely week just to have such a beautiful piece in my collection. minty model 45 combination plane offered by Montgomery But my convictions overruled and I told him that I truly Wards ca. 1960s or so. It was constructed by Stanley Tools admired the piece but I thought it would be of far more ben­ for Montgomery Ward and varies only minimally in its efit if left with his collection instead of mine. He quietly design from the Stanley model so as to set it slightly apart placed it back in the box and after a few hours of sleep, we in appearance. It is in every way, an inspiring vision of were off to Canton well before dawn. woodworking technology. Its bright red protective paint One of our meeting points was at the location of a Preacher around two of the top adjusting screws is unchanged from and his brother who were good friends with my father. the day it was applied and the polish on the nickel finish is Their dealer site was a handy location for him and he fre­ as reflective as a mirror to my eyes. I am fondly going over quently left his purchases there while he continued looking every inch of it and in my mind I am flashing back to a peri­ over the grounds a while longer. This was the case on this od some 15 years or so earlier and a personally touching day and after some conversation, he left and I prepared to story I have kept to myself for many many years. set off on a different route. Just at that time, one of the Years ago, my involvement in hunting for tools primarily brothers approached excitedly and asked if my father had took place at tool shows and the infamous Canton flea mar­ "given the plane to me yet?" The whole story was sudden­ ket just outside Dallas Texas. The Canton Texas venue gen­ ly and shockingly clear now. The beautiful 45 had been pur­ erally included a weekend stay with my father some 100 chased the month before and the anticipation of presenting miles from Dallas near Nacogdoches Texas. This particular it as a gift to me was excitedly shared by my father with the weekend, I had made a decision on my way out of Houston Preacher and his brother. It was to have been a very spe­ to be somewhat more passive in my scrutiny of any tools I cial and personal gift for me. was curious about and happened to handle while in his .... .I could not bring myself to discuss the issue for the rest rather abundantly appointed tool and implement facilities. of the weekend and the lovely tool went into a showcase He had a habit of offering to me just about everything I the following afternoon. Ever so often after that, I would picked up and showed any interest in. Most of these pull the plane out to admire but the conversation never cen­ curiosities I truly had no desire for and the rest I would feel tered around it · guilty about, so the plan would be to decline any offers again and the offer made on this trip and to concentrate on the fellowship and was never repeat­ the thrill of the Canton market. ed. At some point Shortly after my arrival late one Thursday evening, I was I carefully oiled surprised to find him still up as he religiously retired at the surfaces in about 8:00 PM and awoke every morning about 4:00. After preparation for its a cursory greeting he said he had something to show me lengthy repose. and pulled out this mint 45 still with the box, blades and all Today with the parts including M-WTCA.ORGglare in my eyes the little adjust­ from my work­ ing screwdriver. bench light, it is with a heartfelt sorrow that I lovingly He seemed very admire this beautiful tool. My father A. C. Goodson passed pleased with his away in August two days after his 91st birthday and with acquisition and the sounds of the church organ from his service still fresh recounted how in my ears, I retrieved at last this gift from the heart and he had come with it, a feeling of closeness to a presence now removed upon it and pur­ from my side. chased it for $100. That was a

September 20 l O 5 National Spring Meeting, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania by Bob Fields, photos by Mike Slasinski

Our Spring Event began Wednesday afternoon in the trade room. At 8:30 the 25 displays (Treasures of with rain, registration and committee meetings. your Life) were opened for viewing, plus questions and That evening 12 plus rooms were open for tool answers. It was obvious the judges would have to make hard decisions for the awards. trading and at 8:30 the first of four new and larg­ er Hospitality Rooms opened with a cash bar, At 10:00 the Trade Room opened in a flurry with tools being placed on 122 tables concurrently with buying, sell­ finger food and ample seating. ing and trading. Most members toured the room two or Tailgating began early Thursday morning under foggy con­ three times to make sure a treasure was not missed. ditions, but this did not stop any tool buying and selling. By 8:00 a.m. we increased our designated area to accom­ modate the overflow dealers. All had plenty of room. Thursday night Henry Disston, Jr. presented our first pro­ gram on his Great Great Grandfather's saw company. Henry, Jr. began by explaining that he had a dream about mufflers and woke up exhausted ... he immediately received our full attention and continued the history of Disston Saw Works ( an 800 AC company town in the Tacony section of Philadelphia).

Camp Hill Trade Room.

Friday afternoon, Nelson Stiffy, Master Violin Maker from Chimneys Violin Shop in Boiling Springs, PA presented our program. His emphasis was on accuracy and not speed when carving and assembling violin parts. Although his shop uses mainly hand tools, the resonance of the violins are checked electronically. At the end of his presentation, Nelson treated us to a swinging Irish tune. Steve Bruder organized the Friday Night Auction of 100+ lots. Bill Gustafson replaced our regular auction-

Henry Disston Jr. with hi s Disston Musical Saw.

The Disston Company produced the first crucible steel in the United States and his productsM-WTCA.ORG received highest honors at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876. Another interesting point is that at one time, Henry Disston owned the better part of Florida. Henry ended his program by playing a tune on a genuine Disston Musical Saw. Friday morning was quite busy with registration opening, displays being set up, and placing tools under tables Some of the 25 displays.

6 The Gristmill eer and received bids totaling $4,000.00. Our auctions first rose on the tool. John showed us numerous video are always fun and spirited whether one had the win­ slides of unique blacksmith marks he had found in person­ ning bid or not. al collections and antique markets.

John Tannehill during his presentation on Pennsylvania Signed Iron.

The Saturday night banquet began with a cash bar and was soon followed by a delicious dinner. After a short business One of the 100+ Friday Night Auction Items. session, Keith Brintzenhoff and Ken Gehret entertained us with arousing songs and stories of Pennsylvania. Saturday morning at 6:30 the Trade Room reopened and the "Saturday Only" attendees kept the trading brisk George Wannamaker led the What's it session for an over­ flow crowd. All present tried to identify 40+ tools.

M-WTCA.ORG The Overflow Crowd at the What's It Session.

Keith Brintzenhoff and Ken Gehret singing after the banquet dinner. At 12:30 the Trade Room closed and tools were packed away. Kathy Hobbs was so inspired by Keith and Ken's first hand John Tannehill, with the help of Doris Sciara on comput­ clapping, foot stomping song that she jumped up and er/digital projector, presented our Saturday afternoon pro­ clogged for all to see and enjoy. Later, as Ed Hobbs was gram on Pennsylvania Signed Iron. We learned that black­ officially closing our Spring Meeting, he commented "that smiths not only placed their own mark on tools, but also was the fastest Kathy had moved since she touched their marked them to commemorate events such as weddings. farms newly installed electric fence!" If a blacksmith made tool has a date and sunrise symbol hammered into it, then that supposedly is the date the sun See you in Louisville!

September 2010 7 Display Winners at Camp Hill, Pennsylvania Spring Tool Meeting by Dick Bradshaw

A good selection of informative and educational displays Once again, I would like to thank Clarence Blanchard and were exhibited at the Camp Hill meeting in June. The Martin Donnelly for providing the door prizes for the theme for this meeting was "The Treasures of Your Life", Peoples Choice Award drawing. provided the opportunity for a number of interesting dis­ plays. A total of 24 displays were exhibited which drew a lot of interest from the meeting attendees who reviewed the displays, asked a lot of questions and took the oppor­ tunity to take a lot of photographs. It is this interest by the meeting attendees that provides encouragement to those taking the time to provide a display for the enjoyment of all. These displays not only provide enjoyment but are also educational and provide an insight into the collecting interest of the exhibitor. Thanks to all of the exhibitors and the attendees who showed an interest in the displays. The theme for the October meeting in Louisville, Kentucky will be "Most Decorated Tool". You are encouraged to start planning now to bring a display either in theme or out of theme to the Louisville meeting for others to enjoy. Best One Tool Display: Jack Devitt A Defiance Machine Works Find, Proportional Knife Balancing Machine

Best of Show in Theme and Peoples Most Unusual Display: George Wanamaker Choice Award: Herbert Caudle Other Stuff by Stanley Loving Hearts M-WTCA.ORG

Best of Show Out of Theme: Jason Miller Fred Curry Award for the Best Stanley The Brady Family of Lancaster, Pa. Tool Tool Display: Walter Jacob Makers and Foundry Men Stanley Rule and Level Company Miscellaneous Tools

8 The Gristmill . - I •

! . 11. • • • • • •. •·•·· •

Tim Bailey Jeffrey Lecates Stanley Treasures Pennsylvania Saw Corporation Saws

Henry Caudle Tom Lamond Disston 1840 - 2010 Warren Axe and Tool Company JUDGES CHOICE AWARDS

Jim Fox Roger Smith MarkingM-WTCA.ORG Gauges Level.s Made In & Around Athol, Mass. 1880-1980

Jim Gehring John Rumpf Patented American Bevels Siegley Tool Company, New Britain, Ct.

September 20 l O 9 Leonard Bailey: In Hartford and Woonsocket, 1875 to 1884. Part II by John G Wells & Paul Van Pernis © September 2009

This is the second of three articles on Leonard In December of 1876 the Commissioner of Bailey working in Hartford, Connecticut & Patents ruled that despite his late application, Woonsocket, Rhode Island. It is also the seventh in Justus A. Traut was the original inventor of the a series of eight articles on Leonard Bailey's work grooved scroll disc adjustment for plane irons. 1 A in tools. little over a year after filing his suit, on January 16, 1877, Justus A. Traut was granted Patent The First Lawsuit No.186,281 on a "Device for Adjusting Plane Things were going very well for Leonard Irons". (Figure 1) Bailey & Co. until January 24, 1876. Then Justus Under U. S. patent law, when two inventors A. Traut, superintendent of one of Stanley's claim an invention, the patent is awarded to the departments, filed a suit in "interference" against first to invent Charles H. Hawley. Traut claimed he was the 1, t. Tl.I.VT, rather than the D&fl.z rot u1on111 ,u, 1-1un original inventor of the grooved scroll disc plane first to file a It, IU ,U I. t11uui Ju :e , ,1:1. iron adjuster for carpenter's planes and that patent Hawley's scroll disc adjuster, which Bailey was application. using on his Victor planes, infringed on his design. When there is a Traut testified that although he was the inventor dispute it is of the scroll disc adjuster, he had not filed an resolved by the application for a patent. It was suggested he do so courts in a case immediately. On that same day, January 24, of "interference" 1876, Justus A. Traut submitted an application for to determine who a patent on his scroll disc adjuster. the actual "first From May through July of 1876 the case was inventor" was. heard in Court. Testimony was taken from the Although we do plaintiff, Traut, and defendant, Hawley, as well as not have a from Leonard Bailey, Augustus Stanley and detailed record of several other prominent witnesses. Traut testified the court that he was the first and original inventor of a proceedings in scroll disc adjuster for plane irons, and that he this case, we have to conclude Figure 1: Patent No 186,281, for a "Device had submitted an application for a patent on his for adjusting Plane Irons" granted to design on January 24, 1876. Hawley testified he from the Justus A. Traut, January 16, 18 77. had submitted a patent application for a scroll disc Commissioner of plane iron adjuster on October 1, 1875. Patents decision that the court had been presented with enough evidence to convince them that Traut There were claims, counter claims, and "conceived" of the scroll disc adjuster before unsubstantiated inferences of industrial spying Hawley did, and that Traut had worked diligently and piracy by Leonard Bailey and his associates. to develop his invention into a useful product and Hawley's patent applicationM-WTCA.ORG and drawings were filed a patent application. If Traut was the "first well prepared. Hawley's patent application and to conceive" of the invention, and was "diligent in drawings were well prepared, and the Hawley reducing it to practice" he would be judged the adjusters that had been made and were in use on "first to invent" under patent law. It was Bailey's Victor planes functioned properly. Traut's immaterial that Hawley filed a patent application belated patent application and patent drawing before Traut. 2 appeared to have been hastily put together. There was no evidence that a plane with his adjuster had Since there was limited use of witnessed daily ever been made, and no indication that the documentation of an inventors work at that point adjuster itself would have worked properly. in time, the determination of who was the first to conceive of an invention was based on an

l O The Gristmill evaluation of after the fact testimony. It was groove, to avoid jamming as the curvature of the largely a matter of whose testimony the court spiral changes. believed. (2) Rotation of the spiral disc tends to deflect Bailey's patent attorney, who styled himself the slider laterally. Therefore the device that the as an expert in patent law, should have known slider is connected to must be restricted to straight that in the United States the first inventor to inline motion in the required direction, and be "conceive" of an invention and "diligently pursue capable of sustaining the lateral motion produced putting it into practice", i.e. developing it into a by the spiral with little drag on the straight line new and useful invention, rather than the "first to motion. 4 file" a patent application would be considered the (d) Hawley's scroll disc adjuster was designed to "first inventor" and be awarded the patent. If he operate within the limitations of the scroll disc. did know, he obviously didn't convince Bailey, who The slider was a very short crescent shape and the repeatedly claimed that Hawley was the first to adjuster strap that it was connected to was file a patent application and was therefore the restricted to straight up and down motion in a 3 inventor. smoothly machined channel. Therefore it would But from a standpoint of fairness, the merits not laterally deflect the cutter it was adjusting for of the case were simple: depth of cut, and the lateral component of force would create minimal frictional drag on the inline a) At this point it might be helpful to repeat a motion. statement made in Part I of this series of articles. (e) Hawley's adjuster was a_"useful" and "non­ Patent law and Patent Office rules required obvious" application of a known mechanical that inventions meet certain requirements to be motion. It was currently in commercial use patentable. They must be "new", not previously demonstrating that it was "useful": that is it patented or in the public domain; must be functioned well for its intended purpose. 5 "useful": that is have a useful purpose and perform that purpose properly; and must be a (f) It was a "non-obvious" application of a well "non-obvious" improvement over any similar known mechanical movement to achieve a new prior invention to those familiar with "the state needed purpose - the adjustment of depth of cut of the art." in woodworker's planes. The scroll disc mechanical motion was not (g) In Traut's design for a scroll disc adjuster the "new" and therefore not patentable. But, an slider was attached directly to the cap iron or application for using it as part of a plane iron cutter. Lateral force created by adjustment on a carpenter's plane would be Jlltf,: /24ud. the scroll patentable if it met the criteria of being a "useful" .l7zk./l~l7.,,.fd ""- /J'-1'4 and "non-obvious" improvement over a similar adjuster would prior invention. have pressed the cutter and cap (b) Bailey and Hawley had daily contact with iron against the Cushman and the factory where he was sidewall of the manufacturing his very successful scroll disc three plane. Since a jaw self centering lathe chucks - Bailey's working model workshop was leasedM-WTCA.ORG from Cushman and was was not provided located in the same building as his factory. it would have (c) Bailey and Hawley studied the spiral scroll been very disc chucks in Cushman's factory, and learned difficult to from Cushman how the spiral was made, how it determine how worked, and what its limitations were. They much friction would have been Figure 2: Simon Fairman's, patent include: No.1,692, dated July 18, 1840, for a spiral produced by scroll disc self centering lathe chuck. (1) The curvature of a spiral scroll changes dragging the continuously along its length. Therefore the slider cutter and cap iron assembly against the sidewall must be a cylindrical pin, or a very short crescent of the plane and how smoothly the adjustment shape that does not fit too tightly in the spiral would have functioned. It is at least questionable

September 2010 1 1 that Traut's scroll disc adjuster would have as, or perhaps even before, Hawley filed the patent worked adequately in practice and how "useful" it application. He could do this because of the two would have been. year grace period provided by patent law at that time. Bailey's frustration with the lawsuit, and As to the question of industrial spying: in his belief that the decision of the Commissioner of 1840, Simon Fairman, an inventor located in the patents was terribly wrong, is totally U. S, (Figure 2) and in 1842, James Dundas, an understandable. inventor located in England, independently invented scroll disc three jaw chucks. This A Ray of Light demonstrates During the summer and fall of 1876, there that sometimes C. B. U.WL&T . Buol Pin• were some very encouraging events interspersed different No. 190,4!10 P1teD1ed Ocl. 23, 1871. inventors come between the disruption and misery that the Court up with the same proceedings caused. It was a welcome break. Bailey's exhibit of his Victor line of planes, bevels idea at about the same time, in and squares at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in response to a Philadelphia was a big success. Bailey heard a lot developing need, of very favorable comments, and received the without bronze medal which was awarded to exhibitors knowledge of who had an outstanding display. The exhibit each other's opened May 10, 1876 and ran through November work. 10, 1876. In that same year Bailey received a "First Premium" and Gold Medal for his display of Although Victor tools at the Connecticut State fair. Hawley's original Encouraged by his successes in those two events, application for a Bailey sent a display to the 1878 Worlds Fair and patent on his Universal Exhibition in Paris. Bailey received the }/,µ.,,O.Ufl scroll disc c:9:'- 9uu "Highest Award" for his display of Victor tools. 4 adjuster predated i,: ·«0? Victor planes, especially those with nickel plated Traut's Figure 3: Hawley's patent No.196,450, trimmings, were very attractive. (Figure 4) The application for a dated October 23, 1877, for a spiral scroll disc adjuster for plane irons. nickel plated Victor medallion on the front knob, patent on his the nickel plated handle, and other nickel plated adjuster by four months, he was unable to trim, contrasted nicely with the shiny black convince the court that he had conceived of the japanning on the inside of the plane's body; they idea before Traut. were simply stunning. He continued to get complements for them whenever they were shown. Hawley's Patent I "Eye appeal" was indeed important. In December of 1876, the Commissioner of patents advised Hawley to revise and resubmit his patent application. Hawley must have had an excellent patent attorney. He waited until Traut's patent was issued, on JanuaryM-WTCA.ORG 16, 1877 and then filed a revised patent application. The patent drawings and text in the re-application were identical to the original application with the following exceptions: Hawley added an acknowledgement of Traut's patent No. 186,281, issued January 16, 1877, and an explanation of why Hawley's patent was a "novel;" and "non­ obvious" improvement. Hawley was granted Patent No. 196,450, 6 on his adjuster, on October 23, 1877, which he assigned to Bailey. (Figure 3) Bailey had begun making and selling Victor Figure 4: Bailey's Victor Tools with nickel plated trim. planes with Hawley's scroll disc adjusters as soon

l 2 The Gristmill The Second Lawsuit the cap iron / screw and Stanley Rule & Level Co. sued Leonard Bailey a delivered the second time on August 1, 1876, to recover royalties adjustment they paid him on tools made under patents that motion to the had expired. Bailey argued that Stanley should cap iron and the L. UILIT. have known attached plane HICK PUii. the patents lo . 185 ,U0. htn\14 Dtc . U, 19?6. iron. had expired, and they After filing continued to the patent pay the application, Figure 6a: Bailey Victor Type 2 Adjuster. royalties repeated shop Left: exploded view of Bench plane adjuster; voluntarily. In testing showed Right: assembled view of a Block Plane adjuster. April of 1877, that the the judge ruled adjustment mechanism in the patent application in favor of had more internal friction than could be overcome Stanley, and by small changes in awarded them the design and $397. 70 plus careful interest. manufacturing. Bailey filed an Bold action was appeal. But, in required to mitigate January of losses that could 1878 the result from an Supreme Court unfavorable of co-mmon decision by the Figure 5: Bailey's patent No.185,280, dated Errors ruled court. Bailey ~D_e_ce_m_b_e_r _12_,_1_8_76_,_fo_r_a_t_w_o_g_e_ar_a_d_j_us_t_er_. ~ against decided to change 7 Figure 6b: Top center, intermediate Bailey. the design of the sprocket gear. Lower right, driving adjuster he would inion or pin gear. Bailey's Second Adjuster put in production. On August 31, 1876, Bailey applied for a He chose a simple pitman motion which was a patent on a new cutter adjuster for bench planes. proven method for converting circular motion to He had two objectives: first he wanted an adjuster that did not use the scroll disc movement and could not be interpreted as infringing on Traut's patent, and second he wanted a more robust adjuster. The narrow sections of cast iron between the grooves in the scroll disc adjusters tended to hreak out if too much force was used to move the cutter. Bailey was grantedM-WTCA.ORG patent No. 185,280, on December 12, 1876, for an adjuster for plane irons using two gears. (Figure 5) Bailey's original design, illustrated in the patent, showed a bench plane with a large adjustment wheel operating a small gear which in turn operated a geared segment on a pivoted lever. The lever transferred the adjustment motion to the adjuster strap by way of a pin in a slotted hole. Figure 7. Left: A Type 1 Adjuster on a Bench Plane. Right: A Type The adjuster strap was confined to straight up and 2a Adjuster on a Bench Plane. Type 2b Bench Plane Adjusters have the same adjuster strap but the recessed spaces on each side of the down movement. It had an enlarged circular end adjuster strap are filled in. See Figure 14. The bulge on the sides of with a hole that slipped snugly over the head of Type 2 and Type 3 Adjusters covers the intermediate gear.

September2010 13 linear motion. 8 In the production model he eliminated the channel that constrained the adjuster strap to straight up and down motion and used a pitman motion driven by two gears to give him the required mechanical advantage to drive the adjuster strap. (Collectors call this the Victor Type 2 adjuster.) (Figure 6a) The large intermediate sprocket gear's teeth were shallow "U" shaped notches shaped to mesh with pin gear's circle of upright cylindrical pins. 9 (Figure 6b) Bailey used the same type of adjuster straps on the production models of Type 2 adjusters that he had used on Type 1 adjusters. On bench planes he used an enlarged circular end with a hole that Figure 8b: No. O½ boat shaped block plane with cutter adjuster, fixed mouth, and japanned lever cap. No.000 with cutter adjuster, slipped over the head of the cap iron screw. fixed mouth, and nickel plated lever cap and trim. (Figure 7) On block planes he used an upstanding to attach the adjusters to block planes. We call pin in the end of the strap that fit in one of the this the Type 2b adjuster. holes in a series of holes that ran up the centerline of the cutter. Bailey, as well as the hardware stores and dealers who sold his goods, undoubtedly had a few It may have taken several weeks for Bailey to planes with Type 1 adjusters in inventory for redesign and test the production version of his several months after he stopped making them. As second adjuster. But it is likely that he had the a courtesy to his dealers, Bailey may have delayed Type 2a adjusters in production and was using making the change to the Type 2a adjusters them on both bench and block planes as early as widely known until most of the existing inventory October or November of 1876. The scarcity of of Type 1 adjusters had been sold. The No. O½ Boat Shaped Block Plane The No. 0½ block plane had an adjuster but otherwise it was identical to No. 0 - the body was boat shaped, the mouth was not adjustable, and the sides of the body and the face of the lever cap were japanned. The face of the lever cap on the No. 00 and No. 000, which had nickel plated trimmings, were ground and polished. The No. 0½ became very popular because it was the least expensive block plane in the line with an adjuster. (Figure 8b) Figure 8a: Left, a Type 1 adjuster, center a Type 2a adjuster, both attached to a No. 0½ block plane with two screws. Right a Type 2b The most likely time for the introduction of adjuster attached to a No. O½ block plane with one screw. the No. O½ block plane was in October or M-WTCA.ORGNovember of 1876. It was not included in the Type 1 adjusters on surviving planes supports this October 1, 1876 catalog so it must have been view. introduced after the copy for that catalog was sent We have seen two versions of the Type 2 to the printer. Examples of the No. O½ with both adjuster on both block and bench planes: Type 2a Type 1 and Type 2a adjusters are known so it and Type 2b. (Figures 7, 8a, and 14) Shortly after must have been made before Bailey began using having the first batch of castings made for the Type 2b block plane adjusters exclusively. Type 2a adjusters, Bailey decided to strengthen The No. 48 Box Scraper the adjuster's body casting above the elbow, where a number of them had broken. He had castings Bailey filed an application for a patent for made with the recessed spaces on each side of the improvements in Box Scrapers on September 13th adjuster strap filled in. At that same time he of 1876, and less than a month later, on October changed from using two screws to using one screw 3rd 1876 he was granted patent No. 182,881.

14 The Gris.tmill (Figure 9) The t. U lt.lT. Both the No. 41 and the No. 43 spoke shaves aoa-scu.na patent described a 1,.112,au . P• ua,, t Ogauge" in The No. 43 spoke shave had a moveable bed in 1,, Yo front of the cutter front of the cutter. 10 The cutter was locked in with a thumb ~-"'lwtr::::: ~~ ...:2, position by a screw. The patent Figure 9: L. Bailey's Patent for a Box laterally acting Scraper, No. 182,881, dated October applied to the No. 3.1876 cam tightening 48 Box scraper, and ~------~ against its rear to the No's. 41 and 43 shaves, and was attributed surface. The to them in Bailey's 1881 and 1883 catalogs, and in moveable bed in Stanley's 1879 catalog. front of the The production version of the No. 48 Victor cutter was Reversible Box Scraper (Figure 10) did not have locked by the throat closing feature described in the patent. tightening the It had a single non-adjustable cutter clamped in two knurled position with a screw eye machine screw nuts located in tightening against the rear of the cutter. The body the crotch of the < 11 of the scraper was pivoted on a cross rod in a loop handle. forked iron holder with a wooden handle. The These nuts shank of the iron handle displayed the patent date were very small and because of :&. .. ::8.Aii.sT • CO 1 in raised letters, and the wood handle had "L. HARTFORD, CONN. Bailey & Co, Reversible Box Scraper, Hartford, their location & Conn." and the patent information stamped on it difficult to SARGENT CO,, • • • Sole Agents, l, < 11.\\fllJ,;fl:- :-.Tlu:r.'f .·r.w Y<>JII, in black ink within an elliptical border. tighten firmly. The description l.::o~ ,!!1-E BYALL l!m wAJtE DSALEIIB. The No. 41 and No. 43 Spoke Shaves of the No. 43 shave in the Figure 11: Cover of the Leonard Bailey & Co 's 1881 and 1883 October 1, 1876 Catalog. catalogs claimed that it was "self-adjusting" but didn't explain how that was achieved. The No. 43 was M-WTCA.ORGnot nearly as convenient to adjust for use as his functionally similar No. 3 Boston shave or his identical No. 53 Stanley shave, covered by his July 13, 1858 patent, which he had granted Stanley the exclusive license for. Bailey's October 1, 1876 Catalog On October 1, 1876, Bailey published a folded, 10 page pocket catalog. (Figure 11) The most

Figure 10: Top to Bottom. L. Bailey No. 48 Box Scraper, No. 41 Spoke important change was that he named Sargent & Shave, and No. 43. Spoke Shave. Co. as his sole sales agents. He was beginning to realize that regardless of how good his tools were,

September 20 l O 15 success would depend on having an aggressive and show that Traut's adjustment would have effective selling campaign. He knew that no other functioned properly. In fact there is reason to firm could equal Stanley in that regard, but doubt that it would have worked satisfactorily. Sargent would be a close second. Sargent & Co. remained his sales agent until January 26, 1880. 12 There were some other very good arguments that could have been made in Bailey's defense. The tools offered and the prices in the October Hawley's amended patent application, submitted 1, 1876 catalog were the same as those offered in shortly after Traut's patent was granted on the previous catalog. 13 An illustration of the January 16, 1877, was for applying the scroll disc Victor No. 6 bench plane was added. The only motion in a new, useful, and non-obvious way to bench plane illustrated in the previous catalog was create a plane iron adjuster that was an the No. 3 smooth plane. The No. O½ adjustable improvement on Traut's adjuster and not an boat shaped block plane was not offered in the infringement on it. It met all of the Patent Office's October 1, 1876 catalog. Apparently selling tools requirements, including being "useful": it by other makers, and paying Sargent their sales functioned properly and was in use on Victor commission didn't leave enough for Bailey & Co. to planes. Although a patent had not been granted make it worth while, so Bailey eliminated the on Hawley's adjuster at that time, there was no pages offering tools by other makers except for the reason why it would not be granted under patent page offering the Johnson & Tainter push drill. law. Bailey was using the adjuster on Victor planes under the Patent Office's two year grace The Third Lawsuit period for being "novel" - that is being new or not Wanting to further pursue their grievance previously known. The grace period did not bar with Bailey for making Victor planes with suits for infringement, but there would be no basis Hawley's adjuster, the Stanley Rule & Level Co. for claims of infringement when Hawley's filed a complaint on February 12, 1877, with the patented was issued. 15 Connecticut Circuit Court against Leonard Bailey. The Type 1 adjuster's made by Bailey are Stanley claimed that Hawley's scroll disc identical to those shown in Hawley's original adjustment mechanism, was being used on patent application confirming that the only change Bailey's Victor bench planes, and that it infringed made in the re-application for that patent was to on Justus A. Traut's scroll disc plane iron point out the way Hawley's patent was an adjustment, protected by patent No.186,281, improvement on Traut's patent. When the patent issued January 16, 1877, which had been assigned Office issued patent No. 196,450 to Hawley on 14 to them. The claimants said they had warned October 23, 1877, it conclusively established that Bailey that he was infringing on their patent and Hawley's original patent application was valid, asked him to cease but he continued infringing. that Hawley's patent differed from and was an They asked the Court to require Leonard Bailey to improvement on Traut's patent, and that Victor pay their damages for lost gains, plus their cost of adjusters made under Hawley's patent were not recovery, and to issue an injunction requiring an infringement on Traut's patent. We have not Bailey to cease infringing. Stanley seemed determined to use the courts to discourage Bailey from manufacturing hisM-WTCA.ORG Victor planes. Bailey answered the claim on March 19, 1877. In his answer he disagreed that Traut was the true original inventor of a scroll disc adjuster for plane irons, pointing out that Hawley applied for a patent on his design on October 1, 1875, almost four months before Traut applied for a patent on his design. He further said that he was not warned, that he did not know Traut had assigned his patent to Stanley, and that he does not believe he infringed on Traut's patent. There was no evidence that Stanley ever made Figure 12: Patent model of the Leonard Bailey's third adjuster on a a plane using Traut's adjustment, and nothing to block plane.

16 The Gristmill found a Court ruling on this case, but the case (Figure 13) may have been made moot (invalid) when Hawley's patent was issued on October 23rd, of As soon as Bailey began experimenting with 1877.16 this adjuster in the shop he realized the scroll shaped opening seriously weakened the large gear, Bailey's Third Adjuster and that the adjustment had a lot of internal friction. He may also have finally accepted the On February 16th, 1877, Bailey applied for a fact that the Court would consider any adjuster patent on a third cutter adjuster. The patent that delivered the adjustment motion first to the drawing shows a r------cap iron and then to the plane iron, was an b lock plane with a L. UILIT. infringement on the third and forth claims in his nsu-,iur.~·...... A,,1110, 1m large adjustment 11, 189 ,415. own patent, for which he had granted Stanley the wheel having a small exclusive rights. gear mounted on its shaft. The small gear operated a larger gear that had a large scroll shaped cut out in it. The adjuster strap was confined to straight up and down motion. Figure 15: Victor cutter modified for use ,,;;ith a Type 3 adjuster. It had a large Courtesy of Mel Miller. cylindrical slider on its upper end that The Type 3 adjuster he eventually put in ran in the scroll production used two gears and a pitman motion. shapedcutout,and It was mechanically identical to his second on the lower end it adjuster. It was only used on bench planes. There Figure 13: Leonard Bailey's patent for had a small pin that was no need for a Type 3 adjuster for block planes his Third Adjuster, No. 189,415 dated because all of Bailey's block planes delivered the April 10, 1877. fit in one of the holes in a row of holes adjustment motion directly to the cutter and were running up the center of the cutter. (Figures 12) It not viewed as infringing by the Court. (Figure 8a) was similar to Hawley's scroll disc adjuster in On bench planes with Type 3 adjusters the principle, but used a pair of gears for improved adjuster strap extends from the top of the adjuster mechanical advantage, and a scroll shaped so it has access to the holes in the upper part of opening in a steel wheel instead of a groove in a the cutter above the cap iron. The end of the strap cast iron. disc. Bailey was granted patent No. has an upstanding pin that entered one of the 189,415, on April 10, 1877, on his third adjuster. holes in the row of holes that run up the center of the plane iron. This configuration delivered the adjusting motion directly to the plane iron and hopefully would avoid claims of infringement. (Collectors call this the Victor Type 3 adjuster.) M-WTCA.ORGThis was the second adjuster patent in which Bailey tried to confine the adjuster to straight up and down motion and had to abandon the idea. If he could have managed it, it may have made a better adjuster. Bailey's third adjuster required a new plane iron for his bench planes that had a shorter slot for the cap iron screw making more room for the row of small holes running up the center of the plane iron. Converting to the third adjuster would require replacing or modifying existing plane Figure 14: Bailey Victor Type 2b and Type 3 Bench Plane A djusters. See Figure 7 for the Type 2a Bench Plane Adjuster. irons, so Bailey made some clever modifications to

September 2010 17 the plane irons that he had in stock so he could use them. (Figure 15) The Little Victor Block Plane Despite the distraction of court battles, Bailey continued to devise new products and to invent clever ways to configure them so they were both convenient to use and inexpensive to manufacture. On June 29, 1877, Bailey applied for a patent on his adjustable Little Victor "Toy Size" 3¼ inch block planes. The L B.l!LEY. patent covered a BHoh-Pluu simplified method of No. 196,068. Pat•11ttd Oet . 111, 1877 Figure 18: Leonard Bailey's Little Victor block planes: left to right, No. 52, No. 51 ½, and early No. 51 ½ with the inside of the bed locking the plane ainted vermillion (red). iron in place thereby eliminating the need block plane. Stanley called it their "Hand-y" for a cap iron. The feature. Tl, i cutter was inserted Bailey offered five models of the Little Victor below two lugs cast block planes. The No. 50 had an adjustable cutter in the side walls of and was japanned, and the No. 50½, had an the plane and locked adjustable cutter and was fully nickel plated. in place by screw These two adjustable Little Victors had a knurled pressure from below. brass sleeve below the adjusting mechanism that It also covered a pushed the adjusting mechanism up, locking the method for adjusting cutter in place. (Figure 17) The No. 51, non WIT~IIJ~C., 1)1,·t/l'l'Ofl the cutter by using ~~ ~~~ adjustable plane, had a screw and star wheel an offset pin in a &11~4..,,k >\','W.·-i1i- cutter lock and a japanned finish. The No. 51½, Figure 16: Bailey's patent No. star wheel on top of 196,068, dated October 16, 1877, for non adjustable, had the same screw and star the locking screw, his Little Victor planes. wheel cutter lock, but was fully nickel plated. The which projected into inside of the bed on early models of the No's 50½ one of several grooves cut in the under surface of and 51 ½, were finished with red vermillion paint the cutter. The hollowed out finger grips, on each applied over the nickel plating. The economy side of the plane's body, were covered in the patent model, No. 52, used a small screw eye machine specification. Patent No. 196,068 was issued to screw from the rear to fasten the cutter in place Leonard Bailey on October 16, 1877, for his and was japanned. (Figure 18) adjustable Little Victor block planes. (Figure 16) On August 3, 1897, almost twenty years later, These charming little Victor planes were a lot Justus Traut was granted Design Patent No. of fun to make and they sold very well to 27,474, for hollowed out grips in the sidewalls of a instrument makers, to hobbyists, and to proud fathers for their young sons. In that same year, 1877, Stanley introduced their non adjustable M-WTCA.ORGNo.101, 3½ inch "toy size" block plane, with a black japanned finish. The earliest models had a pear shaped lever cap screw and Roger K. Smith's trade mark "A" on the cutter. The Fourth Lawsuit ''When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions ... "17 On October 10, 1877, the Stanley Rule and Level Co. once again filed a complaint against Figure 17: L. Bailey Little Victor adjustable block planes, left to Leonard Bailey with the Connecticut Circuit right, No. 50, and No. 50½. Court. They claimed that Leonard Bailey

18 The Gristmill persisted in manufacturipg and selling bench the time he went to work for Stanley his planes planes that infringed on:the 3rd and 4th claims in had attained a high reputation in the market. He his patent No. 67, 398, dated August 6, 1867, and stated that prior to that time Stanley had not reissued to him as patent No. 6,495 on June 22, made any planes, and the large business they had 1875. 18 19 Bailey granted the exclusive license to achieved in planes was built totally on his patents use this patent to the Stanley Rule & Level Co. on and reputation. He further said that Stanley had May 19, 1869, for royalties to be paid to him. recently adopted a policy of under pricing their competition, especially him, with the intention of Stanley asked the Court to require Leonard forcing them out of business. 20 Bailey to pay them what they had lost in potential gains from this patent due to sales lost to his An "expert witness" for Bailey, Thomas D. infringing Victor planes, plus Stanley's cost of Stetson a patent solicitor and mechanical expert, recovery. Stanley also asked the Court for an was deposed and testified that the Victor planes injunction requiring Leonard Bailey to cease did not infringe on the 3rd and 4th claims in making and or selling planes that infringed. Bailey's Aug. 6, 1867, patent No.67,398. 21 James D. Shepard, an "expert witness" for Stanley, During the fall of 1877 and through the spring refuted claims made in Thomas D. Stetson's of 1878 hundreds of hours of testimony and deposition. 22 depositions were heard on claims and counter claims in this case. The 3rd and 4th claims in Bailey's August 6, 1867 patent, re-issued as No. 6,495, covered transmitting the adjustment motion to a small rectangular opening in the cap iron which was clamped to the plane iron. Stanley claimed the adjuster on the Victor planes used the same method of moving the cap iron because they used a strap with a hole in its end slipped over the cap iron screw, and moving the cap iron screw was the same as moving the cap iron. Ironically, Bailey had his August 6, 1867 patent reissued on June 13th 1874, so he could put more emphasis on the 3rd and 4th patent claims. At that time the Bailey Tool Company, in Woonsocket R.I., owned by Selden Bailey (not Figure 19: Stanley No. 104 Liberty Bell Plane related to Leonard Bailey) was manufacturing a plane with an adjustment mechanism covered by Bailey counter claimed that Stanley patent No. 166,240 issued to David F. Williams, introduced a second line of adjustable Liberty Bell August 3, 1875. This patent used the same Planes23 (Figure 19) in competition with his Bailey method of transferring the adjustment motion to planes. They promoted this new line more the cutter that was being disputed by Stanley in vigorously than his Bailey planes, which reduced their lawsuit with Leonard Bailey. The his royalties. 24 adjustment motion wasM-WTCA.ORG applied to the cap iron screw which clamped the cap iron to the cutter. It By way of illustrating the degree of excess of is clear that the distinction between applying a Stanley's position, Bailey pointed out that the force to the cap iron screw, which clamps the adjusters in Stanley's Liberty Bell Planes cutter to the cap iron, and applying the same force transmitted the adjustment motion to the cap iron, directly to the cutter is a little subtle. It is also which was attached to the plane iron. (Since very clear that Stanley felt far more threatened by Stanley claimed that this method of delivering the Bailey's planes than by those produced by other adjustment motion was protected under the 3rd manufacturers with similar details of and 4th claims in his August 6, 1867 patent, they construction. would have to concede that their Liberty Bell Planes were made under that patent. They would During Bailey's November 6, 1877 deposition, therefore be obligated to pay Bailey royalties on which was one of many he gave, he said that at the Liberty Bell Planes they made as provided in

September 2010 19 their May 19, 1869 agreement with him. 25 Bailey Bailey's testimony on this subject was testified that an example of the plane he was obviously based on a slightly later Liberty Bell referring to, the Stanley (No. 104) Liberty Bell plane, which had the more common cap iron with Plane, accompanied his affidavit. 26 an extremely short narrow slot to allow the Type 2 cylindrical nut and transfer screw assembly to Bailey closed his rebuttals by surmising that clamp to the cap iron. (Figure 20) The adjustment the multiple lawsuits brought against him by the motion was delivered first to the cap iron, and Stanley Rule and Level Co. may have been more of from there to the cutter. This method of an attempt to harass him and deplete his transferring the adjustment motion to the cutter resources, thereby preventing him from continuing was protected by the 3rd and 4th claims in Bailey's to manufacture and sell Victor planes, than they reissued patent No. 6,495, justifying Bailey's were an attempt to recover losses they suffered argument that he was entitled to royalties for its 27 from alleged infringements on their rights. use. It was the feature that Bailey had been so An "expert witness" for Stanley, Henry B. proud of. It allowed the user to grind and sharpen Rennick, a civil and mechanical engineer, from the plane iron without having to change the New York, N.Y., was deposed and discussed why location of the cylindrical transfer screw assembly the adjustment used in the Stanley No.104 Liberty on the cap iron because the relationship of the Bell smooth plane was not an infringement on adjustment mechanism to the cap iron and the Bailey's Aug. 6, 1867, patent No. 67,398. 28 The cutting edge of the plane iron remained constant. plane Mr. Rennick was referring to was put in Unfortunately Bailey's attorney did not draw evidence by A. Conklin, Secretary of the S. R. & L. the Court's attention to the possibility that Bailey Co, 29 and Rennick based their testimonies on two We do not know the exact vintage of the superficially identical, but slightly different Stanley Liberty Bell No.104 smooth plane that models of the Stanley Liberty Bell Plane. The Conklin submitted to the Court, and was plane that Mr. Rennick referred to obviously had a examined by Mr. Rennick. But, based on his Type 1 transfer screw assembly that delivered the testimony it must have been the scarce, early adjusting motion directly to the cutter; (Figure 20) model of the Liberty Bell plane, 30 which had the while the plane that Leonard Bailey based his earliest cap iron. 31 These cap irons had a long testimony on must have had a Type 2 transfer wide slot and the Type 1 cylindrical nut and screw assembly that delivered the adjusting transfer screw assembly (Figure 20), which was motion to the cap iron. (Figure 20) If Bailey's attorney had brought this out during the Court hearing the issue could have been resolved easily and conclusively at that time. Since that question was not raised it apparently did not occur to the Judge to question the reason for the differences in testimony between two highly qualified experts. Judge Shipman's Decision Presiding Judge Nathaniel Shipman issued M-WTCA.ORGhis decision on June 21st 1878, on the Circuit Court case of Stanley vs. Leonard Bailey, concerning infringement on Bailey's reissued patent No. 6,495, for which Bailey had granted Figure 20: Transfer screw assemblies. Top: Type 1, delivers the Stanley the exclusive rights. The Judge ruled that adjusting motion directly to the cutter. Bottom: Type 2 delivers the Bailey did not prove his counter claim that adjusting motion to the cap iron which is attached to the cutter. Stanley failed to live up to their agreement with the device the adjustment mechanism acted on. him. He ruled that the adjustment mechanisms The transfer screw was clamped to the plane iron, on Bailey's Victor planes (the Victor Type 2 so the adjustment motion was delivered directly to adjuster) transmitted the adjustment motion to the plane iron, thus meeting the Court's criteria the cap iron screw, which was threaded into the for not infringing. cap iron and was therefore part of the cap iron. The cap iron moved the cutter which was clamped

20 The Gristmill to it. Therefore, Bailey's Victor planes infringed on the 3rd and 4th claims in Bailey's reissued patent No. 6,495. Bailey had granted Stanley the exclusive rights to use this patent to Stanley. 32

The Judge appointed Masters33 and charged them to make an accounting of the financial damages that Stanley had sustained due to infringement by Bailey. Tabulation of the data provided by Bailey and his bookkeeper, and the analysis made by the Masters provide a fascinating glimpse of the economics of metallic plane making at that time. 34 The Judge issued an injunction requiring Bailey to cease making and or Figure 22: Pre-production model of the Victor No. 12 Pocket Block selling planes that infringe, and requested that Plane. the Court appointed Masters report their findings. continued to invent and design new tools. On February 20, 1878, he submitted a patent After hundreds L. BULEY . Oarptnter-Plue application for the adjustment mechanism, and of hours of study No. 202,918. P11entod April 30, 1878 other features of his Victor No. 12 series of 4½ and countless inch Pocket Block Planes. 37 He described the meetings with adjustment mechanism as having a right hand Bailey and his thread working in a swiveling bearing (nut) attorney, the results attached to the plane body and a left hand thread of the accounting by working in a block having a pin which entered one the Masters were of a series of holes in the cutter. By using both finally returned to right and left hand threads the cutter could be Judge Shipman. adjusted easily and rapidly. 38 The following two They showed that J features were similar to those he used on his Little during the period of Victor planes: locking the cutter in the plane by infringement, April applying pressure to its under surface and forcing 1877 to July 1878, it up against projecting lugs in the sidewalls of the Bailey had made a !Jn.,anlzr, plane, and hollowed out finger grips in the sides of profit of $1,065.35 the plane. Bailey was granted patent No. 202,918 on the infringing 1-, ;'92...u 4t4 on April 30, 1878 for his Victor Pocket Block parts, namely the Figure 21: Bailey's patent for the Victor No. 12 Pocket Block Plane. Plane. (Figure 21) adjusters and double irons, on planes he made. 35 Bailey objected to the Master's findings and presented various arguments for why they should be lower. Bailey's objections were not successful. Finally, Judge Shipman ordered Bailey to pay $1,065.35 in damages, plus costs to the Stanley Rule & Level Co. 36 M-WTCA.ORG The Victor No. 12 Pocket Block Plane It is amazing that despite all of the harassment from the multiple lawsuits brought against him, Bailey was not discouraged. He BAILEY'S PLANE. Figure 23: The Victor Pocket Bloch Plane, Scientific American, 1 January 4 " 1879.

September 20 l O 21 for infringement. The Eckert Compound Plane Iron has a small oblong plate, which is attached to the plane iron with a flat head cap screw. The cap iron has an opening in its center that fits neatly over the oblong plate. The cap iron is not attached to the plane iron in any way. (Figure 26) The plane iron can be re-sharpened without having to remove the small oblong plate, and when finished, the small oblong plate assures that the cap iron can be replaced on the plane iron in the exact position it previously occupied. 39

Figure 24: The Bailey Victor No. 12¼ nickel plated Pocket Block Plane.

A few pre-production models of the Victor Pocket Block Plane had a pivoted joint in the adjuster rod, (Figures 22) as shown in the patent drawing and in the story and illustration on the first page of the January 4th 1879 issue of the Scientific American Magazine. (Figures 23) The delicate joint in the rod may have been a weak point and was eliminated in production models. Bailey's Victor Pocket Block Planes were offered in three finishes: No.12, japanned with polished trimmings, No.12½, japanned with nickel plated trimmings, and No.12¼, full nickel plated. (Figure 24) Bailey's adjustable Victor Pocket Block Plane was a terrific little tool, elegant in design and a joy to work with. There was nothing Figure 26: L Bailey's Victor plane irons with Eckert's patented cap else in its class in the market. iron. The Eckert Compound Plane Iron Bailey was undoubtedly hoping that Judge Shipman would see that the adjusting motion was is likely that It being applied directly to the cutter through the Leonard Bailey flat head cap screw that attached the small oblong acquired William plate to the plane iron, and that the small oblong H. Eckert's patent plate was not part of the cap iron. Hopefully the No.64, 001, dated Judge would recognize that Victor planes with April 23, 1867 for a l'_\; _C:J_J Compound Plane irons did not infringe. If so, Compound Plane M-WTCA.ORGBailey would not have to pay damages to Stanley Iron (Figure 25) and it would make it possible to use the existing sometime in mid stock of Victor planes without having to replace 1878. It may have the adjusters and plane irons. been slightly after Judge Shipman's Shortly after Bailey acquired the patent he decision on June made a punch and die for his arbor press so he 2l8t, 1878 that could punch a small oblong plate out of the center Bailey's second of cap irons thereby converting them to Eckert's

adjuster infringed Jlt/~,u,u. patented Compound Plane Irons. While he was t;;fl-Ld' htLll"/(Q}r- and that Bailey 1"' ''')/ 4~1..t. doing that it may have occurred to him that if he would have to pay Figure 25: Eckert's patent for an easily punched an identical plate out of sheet brass Stanley damages removed and replaced cap iron. instead of steel, it would more clearly illustrate to

22 The Gristmill the Court that the small plate was not part of the offering a new No.10½ circle plane, priced at cap iron, and that the adjusting motion was being $4.50, and made by the Leonard Bailey Tool Co, applied directly to the cutter. (The Judge's Hartford Conn. 43 (Figure 28) The No. 10½ was decision will be in Part III, to be in a forthcoming probably Bailey's answer to Stanley's No. 113 issue of the Gristmill.) 40 circle plane introduced in 1877. The description claimed that the curvature of both ends of the bed On Bailey Victor 189 could be adjusted simultaneously with one hand, planes both ends of and it could be set to plane a circle as small as 13 the small oblong Improved Iron Plane inches in diameter. 44 The illustration shows a removable plate in fascinating system of castings, straps, and sliding the Eckert cap iron rods that adjusted the front end of the bed. The were identical in ~ .. p :?6 - ~ - part of the mechanism that synchronized the shape. The plate -~ adjustment of the back end of the bed with the could be inserted in front end was apparently on the other side of the the cap iron in either plane, which is not visible in the illustration. 45 direction. On There were two patent dates on the bed Defiance planes the adjustment strap: March 28, 1871, the patent for two ends of the small the No. 10 circle plane, and December 12, 1876, removable plate were Figure 27: Ad on page 189 of the the patent for the second Victor cutter adjuster. a distinctly different September 21, 1878, Scientific shape. The Bailey American magazine for Eckert's cap iron. It's hard to believe there wasn't a single Wringing Machine response to this ad, but we have never seen nor Co. placed an ad in the September 1878 Scientific heard of a single example of Leonard Bailey's American magazine4 1 announcing that "Compound No.10½ circle plane. If one were to come to light it Plane Irons" (Eckert's patent) were used on would certainly be a newsworthy event in the Defiance planes. (Figure 27) The illustration collectible tool world. By the time this ad was showed the small oblong plates with both ends the published in the American Builder Magazine same shape, identical to those used on Bailey Bailey was probably totally absorbed in the Victor planes, 42 supporting the conclusion that ongoing law suits and didn't have time to even Leonard Bailey, rather than the Bailey Wringing think about making a prototype of the No. 10½. Machine Co, acquired the Eckert patent, and that Even if no examples of the No.10½ circle plane he did so in mid 1878. were made, it did serve a very useful purpose. The Victor No.10½ and the Stanley No. 113 46 The Bailey No.JO½ Circle Plane undoubtedly led to the development of the very The August 1878 issue of the American successful Bailey Victor No. 20 circle plane that Builder Magazine contained an advertisement Leonard Bailey designed two years later. The No. 20 circle plane was a far more straight forward solution to the problem of adjusting the curvature of both ends of the bed simultaneously than the Victor No. 10½ circle plane, and it was more robust than the Stanley No. 113. M-WTCA.ORGPart III of Leonard Bailey: In Hartford & Woonsocket, the last in a series of eight articles on Leonard Bailey's work in tools, will be published in a forthcoming issue of the Gristmill. We want t,o thank Roger K Smith for qraciously allowing us t,o use his phot,oqraph ofLeonard Bailey on the cover ofthe June Gristmill. We apologize for not recognizing his courtesy in that issue.

1 Roger K. Smith: Patented Transitional & Metallic Planes in A merica, Vol. I, p. 53. No, 10½ Circular Plane, Price, $4.50 each, 2 U. S. P atent Office: 2138.04 [R-5] 2100 Patentability: Figure 28: Ad in the American Builder, August 1878, for the Bailey Conception has been defined as "the complete performance of Victor No. 10½ circle plane. Illustration from R. K. Smith: p. the mental part of the inventive act" and it is "the formation TAMP IA Vol. I, p. 56, courtesy of the author. in the mind of th e inventor of a definite and permanent idea of the complete and operative invention as it is thereafter to

September 2010 23 be applied in practice .. " Townsend v. Smith, 36 F.2d 292, 295, 15 U S Patent and Trademark Office, website. 4 USPQ 269, 271 (CCPA 1930)". Conception is established 16 A chronology of the following events may be instructive: when the invention is made sufficiently clear to enable one • Dec. 1876 the Commissioner of Patents ruled that Traut skilled in the art to reduce it to practice without the exercise was the first to invent. of extensive experimentation or the exercise of inventive • Jan. 16, 1877 Traut's patent was granted. skill." Hiatt v. Ziegler, 179 USPQ 757, 763 (Bd. Pat. Inter. • Late January 1877 Hawley submitted a revised patent 1973). "The conception date may be relied upon as the date of application. invention for determining patentability and priority only if • Feb. 12, 1877 Stanley sued for infringement. the inventor exercised due diligence in reducing the invention • Mar. 12, 1877 Bailey answered Stanley's claim to practice ... by either: (i) filing a patent application, or (ii) • Oct.23, 1877 Hawley's patent was granted. constructing a prototype ... " Neustel Law Offices; "Recording 17 William Shakespeare, Hamlet, act 4, scene 5. Your Invention". Ladas & Parry, LLP: "A Brief History of the 18 John G Wells and Paul Van Pernis: "Leonard Bailey: In patent Law of the United States": Hartford and Woonsocket. 1875 to 1884. Part I" The Gristmill, www.ladas.com I Patents I USPatentHistory. html June 2010. 3 See footnote 2. 19 Stanley Rule & Level Company vs. Leonard Bailey, October 4 The information in c, 1 and c,2 are critical in understanding 10, 1877. Circuit Court of the United States, District of why Hawley's adjuster functioned properly and Traut's adjuster Connecticut, original claim. (Doc5) 14 Blatchf. 510 C.C. Conn., may not have. 20 S. R. & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, Oct. 5, 1875, (Doc.11). 5 John J, Holtzapffel, op. cit. 21 S. R. & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, op. cit. (Doc 12). 6 The design of the decorative medallion on the lever cap screw 22 S. R. & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, op. cit. (Doc 15). shown in Hawley's patent was not at all like the Victor 23 Liberty Bell No. Planes were made under Traut and medallion that Bailey used on the production models of his Richards patents No. 168,431, Oct. 5, 1875 for folded steel block planes. This suggests that Hawley's patent drawing may bodies, and No. 176,152, April 18, 1876 for the compound have been made before Bailey designed the Victor medallion. lever adjuster. 24 The design of the Hawley medallion was closer to the design of S. R. & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, op. cit. (Doc. 11). 25 the medallion the Brattleboro Tool Co. used on their No. 415 Ibid. 26 Ibid. block plane with the William Steer's Yd adjustment, No. 310, 27 Ibid. patent No. 310,473, dated Jan. 6, 1885. 28 S . R. & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, op. cit. (Doc's 18 & 20). 1 Stanley Rule & Level Company v. Leonard Bailey, Aug. 1, 29 S. R . & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, op. cit. (Doc 18). 1876. April 1877. Supreme Court of Errors, Conn. 45 [Conn., 30 Early No. 104 planes, ca. 1876, have a distinctive trade 464, 1878, WL 1521 (Conn.). mark on the cutter: "Stanley Rule & Level Co, New Britain 8 The Pitman motion was an old favorite for converting the Conn" and "Patented April 18, 1876' in two concentric three linear motion of a reciprocating steam or internal combustion quarter circles, Trade Mark E-1, in John G. Wells: "Early engine to circular motion. models of the Stanley No. 120 Adjustable Block Plane", The 9 The larger gear is described as a "sprocket gear" in the Gristmill Sep. 2006. Machinery's Handbook Fifth Edition, sixth printing, p. 728- 31 Made under patent No. 176,152, dated April 18, 1876, 734, 1917. The small pinion gear was called a "pin gear" in issued to Justus A. Traut and Henry Richards. the American Machines' Handbook" p. 1287. 32 S. R. & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, op. cit. (Doc's 7, 19 & 35) 10 The L. Bailey & Co. No. 43 spoke shave was somewhat 33 A court appointed official who helps the court carry out a similar to Bailey's No. 3 shave that he made in Boston and variety of specific tasks in a specified case. the Stanley No. 53 shave that he made while he was working 34 S. R. & L. Co. vs. Bailey, Oct. 10, 1877, op. cit. Masters at Stanley. Both were covered by Patent No. 20,855, issued report, (Doc.35). Data provided by Bailey, Dec. 21, 1878. July 13, 1858 to Leonard Bailey, for which Bailey had granted (Doc.36) an exclusive license to Stanley in 1869. But unless it had Excerpts from the data submitted by Leonard Bailey for been renewed the 17 year term on that patent expired in July Victor planes sold April 1877 to July 1878. of 1875. 11 Information on the L. Bailey & Co. No. 41 and No. 43 spoke Bench & Circle Planes sold, production co st, sales cost, shaves is from Thomas C. Lamond: Manufactured and and profit on each plane. Patented Spokeshaves & Similar Tools, pp. 143 - 144. Plane No's: No.3 No.3½ No.4 No.6 No.8 No.IO 12 In 1880 Bailey switched M-WTCA.ORGhis sales agent to Stanley. See circle pl Part III of this series of articles. James M. Burdick, "History Labor/dozen 10.00 10.00 10.00 14.00 18.00 9.50 of the Bailey Plane Business From 1869", original typed contract manuscript pp.12 - 13. Body 1.25 1.25 1.51 3.90 5.85 1.37 13 Kenneth Roberts: "Documentary" Leonard Bailey & Co. Lever cap & 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.33 0.45 0.21 1876 catalog, reprint. screw 0.66* The equivalent of page 4 in the March 1, 1876 catalog was not Knob& 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.72 handle included in Robert's reprint of the October 1876 catalog. But Adjuster 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 an original copy of that catalog in the Connecticut Historical Cutter & 0.80 0.80 1.09 1.43 1.58 0.80 Society's library showed that the page in question was cap iron identical to the similar page in the previous catalog, Japanning 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 confirming that the No.0½ block plane was not offered in the Nickel 1.90 0.24 October 1876 catalog plating 14 Stanley Rule & Level Co. vs. Leonard Bailey, February 12, Sub Total 13.19 15.09 13.76 20.61 26.83 13.01 1877, United States Circuit Court, District of Conn. (Docl)

24 The Gristmill Indirect 3.30 3.77 3.44 5.15 6.71 3.25 39 It would be necessary to adjust the location of the oblong cost 25% plate if the plane iron was shortened by grinding. Mfg cost,$ 16.49 18.86 17.20 25.76 33.54 16.26 40 See Part III of this article in a coming issue of the Gristmill per doz. for Judge Shipman's decision. Mfg cost ea 1.374 1.57 1.43 2.15 3.60 1.92 4 1 The August 29, 1878 issue of Iron Age Magazine carried a Selling cost 1.92 2.64 3.90 2.08 1.68 1.92 similar ad on page 13 and on page 26 one for Bailey Victor each Profit each 0.45 0.51 0.55 0.71 1.11 0.73 planes. The ad in the Scientific American is also shown in Profit as a% 32.8 32.4 38.4 33.4 39.7 54.0 Smith, op cit, Vol. 1, p. 69. of mfg. cost 42 Smith, op cit, Vol. I, p.68. Profit as a 12. 85 12. 75 13. 75 12.90 14.80 18.25 43 Smith, op cit Vol. I, p. 56. The August 1, 1878 issue of Iron % of List Age Magazine carried a similar ad on page 8. Price 44 Ibid. Bailey might have meant to say that the radius of the List price 3.50 4.00 4.00 5.50 7.50 4.00 No.10½, not the diameter, could be adjusted to a minimum of each thirteen inches. Number 384 50 290 109 18 480 45 sold Synchronized bed curvature adjustment could have been Total profit, 172.80 25.50 159.50 77.39 19.98 350.40 accomplished with a pair of interconnected levers or a pair of $ gears. * Hinge rolls, brass rolls, screw eye thumb screws, and 46 On both the Stanley No. 113 and the Bailey Victor No. 20 medallions. The line showing Profit as a percentage of List adjusting the curvature of the bed is accomplished by Price was added by the authors. changing the position of the frog with respect to the ends of the bed, which are attached to the body of the plane. This 35 S. R. & L. Co. vs. Bailey, Oct. 10, 1877: Masters report, automatically adjusts the curvature of both ends of the bed at (Doc.35). the same time. 36 S. R. & L. Co. vs L. Bailey, op. cit. (Doc 19). Adjusting the bed curvature on both the Stanley No. 13 and 37 The January 3, 1978 issue of Iron Age Magazine carried an the Victor No. 10 requires changing the curvature of each end advertisement for the Bailey Victor No. 12 Pocket Block Plane of the bed independently by changing its position with respect on page 9. to the frog, which is an integral part of the body of the plane. 38 The principle of a right and left hand thread working in This can be an advantage when working on something, like a unison was later patented by Traut, patent No. 645.220, handrail, that changes curvature rapidly. March 13, 1900 for the adjustments on the No. 60 series of block planes produced by Stanley. See John G. Wells: "The No. 60 Series of Low Angle Block Planes made by Stanley", The Gristmill, December 2000. ·

Book Review The Rule Book: Measuring for the Trades by Jone and Mork Rees

The Rule Book: Measuring for the Trades by Jane Rees the trades the book covers includes Carpenters and Builders, and Mark Rees is a book you will not want to put down. Surveyors and Architects, Engineers and Mechanics, Military, The book focus­ Nautical, Coopers and Customs and more. es on the meas­ You will be amazed at the number of illustrations and the The uring tools used Rule Book quality of the photos throughout this book. While reading by tradesmen lvleatniringfor the TI-ades The Rule Book, it becan1e evident early on that this 4 75 and profession­ page book was so thoroughly researched, that it will als in England undoubtedly become known as the book to go to for infor­ M-WTCA.ORGfor their every­ mation on rules. day work. After reading through The Finney Company says the authors Jane and Mark this sewn-cloth & Rees started work on this book ten years ago. Sadly, Mark jacketed hard­ did not live to see its completion but it is still very much a cover book, I book written by them both. whole heartedly The Rule Book: Measuring for the Trades was released agree with the March 2010 and is available through online and local book Finney Company sellers, www.astragalpress.com, or by calling Astragal summation; this Press at 800-866-3045. .lane Recs an

September 2010 25 National Park Service Split & Whittle Workshop Held by James E. Price, Chief of Resource Management, National Park Service, Ozark National Scenic Riverways

Mother Nature smiled with sunshine on mint condition, still retaining their original brand labels November 7, 2009 in Van Buren, Missouri where and decals. James Murrel of the USDA Forest Service, Mark Twain National Forest, demonstrated how to hew The National Park Service, Ozark National a railroad tie with a broadaxe. The second activity area Scenic Riverways hosted the first "Split & dealt with wood cleaving and riving. Terry Wyatt of Whittle Workshop". Eminence, Missouri demonstrated how to It was an event to cele­ split red oak shingles brate the woodworking and palings as well as knowledge and skills of split hickory into billets the Scots-Irish settlers used to make tool han­ and their descendents dles and other useful in the southeastern objects. Two splitting Ozark Highland of brakes were set up so Missouri. The event that novices could learn was held to allow histo­ the nuances of wood rians, tool collectors, splitting. The third activ­ and tool users to have a ity area featured the hands on experience in shaping of green wood traditional woodwork­ into tools and household ing using local green objects. Ray Joe Jim Price addressing participants of The Split & Whittle Workshop wood, shaped with Hastings from Doniphan, period hand tools. Forty volunteers consisting of local craftspeople and members of MWTCA were invited to attend. The gener­ al public was invited to observe the woodworking activ­ ities and try their hands at it if they felt the urge to feel an old tool and learn how it was used. Four activity areas provided participants information and the oppor­ tunity to learn a skill. The first one featured timber felling and hewing. In that area Lyndon & Margaret Moore of Bloomfield, Missouri, members of MWTCA, had a display of axes, adzes, and other edge tools. Their exhibit featured many rare embossed axes plus axes in

M-WTCA.ORGJim McGee & Terry Wyatt splitting red oak billets with froe and club Missouri demonstrated the art of making arrow shafts for fishing "spikes", the Ozark term for arrow points used on a particular kind of arrow used to shoot fish in clear springfed creeks and rivers. Five shaving horses were available for participants to learn the use of green woodworking with drawknives and spokeshaves. Featured in that area was Russ Runge, member of MWTCA, teaching bowl carving using hand adzes, chis­ els, drawknives, and spokeshaves. Tools used in this Lyndon Moore, MWTCA member, with his exhibit of rare axes and popular demonstration were those generously donated edge tools.

26 The Gristmill to the Ozark Scenic Riverways Heritage Workshop by planned for 2010. Details have not been finalized but the Elgin Family of St. James, Missouri, in memory of proposed activities will involve making Ozark shaving Bob Elgin who perfected the technique of adze use. horses and other useful tools. Another workshop is MWTCA members remember Bob as the fellow who planned dealing with plane restoration, sharpening, demonstrated bowl carving at Area and National Meets adjusting, and use. If you would like to receive and also staged a wonderful exhibition of period survey­ announcements of these upcoming events, send your ing instruments at a National Meet. Another activity request via email to Jim Price

Jim Price demonstrates tool sharpening to Chuck Garrett (left) and Nick Heatherly (right), both MWTCA members Several electrolysis units were set up to demonstrate rust removal and one of them was powered with solar A participant makes hardwood pegs with a patented peg­ panels. This area was manned by Tom Sater and Chuck making device Bornhauser, both MWTCA members. An array of prod­ ucts for cleaning and preserving both wood and metal tool parts was featured so that visitors and participants could see how professional conservators preserve such objects. The final activity area was on tool sharpening and it was manned by Jim Price. He demonstrated a variety of sharpening techniques and tools inside and in front of The Heritage Workshop. Demonstrations were given on how to sharpen axes, hatchets, adzes, drawknives, chisels, andM-WTCA.ORG crosscut saws using files and both natural and synthetic stones. Throughout the area were tables exhibiting tools from the Bruce Debo Collection. Bruce was an Ozark coffin maker and on his passing, his son, Bill Debo of Devils Elbow, Missouri, donated over 1,200 antique tools to The Heritage Workshop in memory of his father. A highlight of the event was seeing Chuck Garrett, a MWTCA member, of St. Louis, Missouri reunited with the huge cabinetmak­ Chuck Garrett, a MWTCA member, poses with the wonderful old ers' bench that he once owned which is now in the workbench that he once owned which is now in the Ozark Scenic Heritage Shop. More Split & Whittle Workshops are Riverways Heritage Workshop

September 2010 27 :';,~~-:.~---~ °'~-~- •. Two Great Auction Weekends Nashua, New Hampshire September 17 & 18, 2010 Indianapolis, Indiana October 15 & 16, 2010 Live Free or Die Antique Tool Auctions a Division ofMartin J. Donnelly Antique Tools www.mjdtools.com (800) 869-0695

M-WTCA.ORG Live Free or Die Antique Tool Auctions The Worlds Largest Specialist Auctioneers ofAntique Hand Tools A Division of Martin J. Donnelly Antique Tools, Avoca, New York {800) 869-0695 · Please Plan to Join Us at Our Auctions! • www.mjdtools.com Subscribe to our Tool Auction Catalogues for 2011 and Save! ~ Four Full Color Auction Catalogues ~ Five Listed Auctions of 1001 to 3001 Lots Each ~ Five Searchable Auction Preview Photo CD Rom Disks ~ Free 75,000 Item CD Value Guide with Subscription ~ All FIFTEEN Publications Just $75.00 Ten Great Auctions in 2011 Open House Auction Martin J. Donnelly & Joint Tool Meeting Avoca, New York Listed Auction: Ramada Inn July 28, 29 & 30 Friday, March 18 Indianapolis, Indiana Auctioneers: Bill Baxter & Paul Wilmott Auctioneer: Bill Baxter Listed Auction: Holiday Inn Everett Turnpike Catalogue Auction: Ramada Inn Friday, September 9 Nashua, New Hampshire Saturday, March 19 Indianapolis, Indiana Auctioneer: Paul Wilmott Auctioneer: Bill Baxter Catalogue Auction: Holiday Inn Everett Turnpike Listed Auction: Holiday Inn Everett Turnpike Saturday, September 10 Nashua, New Hampshire Friday, April 15 Nashua, New Hampshire Auctioneer: Paul Wilmott Auctioneer: Paul Wilmott Listed Auction: Ramada Inn Catalogue Auction: Holiday Inn Everett Turnpike Friday, October 14 Indianapolis, Indiana Saturday, April 16 Nashua, New Hampshire Auctioneer: Bill Baxter Auctioneer: Paul Wilmott Catalogue Auction: Ramada Inn Saturday, October 15 Indianapolis, Indiana Subscribe for 2011 Auctioneer: Bill Baxter ~-nc osedis $75.00 (Check, ~ Martin J. Donnelly Antique Tools :-:ro:so'i 281 ~ Bath NY 14810-: (800) 8691695 . £MO or Credit Card), 'N Please send all Fifteen• 1 ame: Auction Publications. Each 1Address: 1 mailing is approximately 3 :city: ______State: __ Zip: _____ weeks befor sale date. Order •Credit Card (Visa/MC/ Amex/Disc.) ______Exp_/_ 1 1 online at www.mjdtools.com 0 A l • S b • l • M. k G f G ~ ~f A gift card will be sent with : UT UC 10fl U SCTlp 10fl a es a Tea lll 1 gift subscriptions. 1 IM-WTCA.ORG □ Please Send a Gift Card ~~--~~"""""t:nll!lltfJll'll!I.~------l'l'e ctre ~UllllllllleU LU .cx.pctllUlll8 llle lY.l.illAel lUl" rllllllJUe JOOJS n the past eleven years we have sold more than a half million antique tools at auction~ Our extensive advertising, Internet market­ I ing and commitment to using technology to achieve the best results for our consignors are the reasons we are the biggest and the best. If you are planning the sale of some or all of your antique tool collection, please call for a confidential consultation Today. Martin J. Donnelly (800) 869-0695 A Defiance Machine Works Find by Jack Devitt

Before, during and after writing a book titled I had been looking for during the past twenty years. It "Ohio Toolmakers and Their Tools", I had looked was not close to being a mint piece, as you can see by the and looked for a tool marked The Defiance picture at the bottom of the page. As a matter of fact it was a little on the rough side, kind of ugly, and measur­ Machine Works of Defiance, Ohio to add to ing about 40 inches long, but in the middle it was a my collection of over 3,000 Ohio made tools. marked "The Defiance Machine Works of Defiance, 0. Since my book alone took about six years to write, the Patented June 27, 1882". When I saw it, I had no idea period of looking for a tool marked The Defiance Machine what it was or how it was used. John said he thought it Works probably took close to twenty years. Since the city was some kind of scale to weigh planner blades. of Defiance is only thirty miles from my home in Ottoville, At this point I really did not care what it was used for, I OH it would seem that this should be an easy task. I only knew I wanted it and the price was right. After find­ attended two to five auctions a week plus attending all the ing a drawing of it in my 1910 catalogue, I discovered it Mid-West and Ohio Tool Collector's meetings looking for was called a proportional knife balancing machine. It was Ohio made tools. In addition I went to many flea markets used to balance the cutter blades after sharpening so and looked through numerous antique shops as well as every one placed in a revolving head would be the same malls. Still I found nothing with the Defiance Machine weight to avoid shaking and chattering. Works mark. I found many other Ohio made tools and many of these are pictured in my book. What I Did Find? A DEFIANCE I did find a 1910 catalogue of The Defiance Machine Works. I also talked to Elmer E. Myers, MACHINE a man who had worked for the company and had written ten pages about the history of the com­ WORKS FIND pany. He sent me the history. These two items gave me many pictures and information about the tools they made for my book. But I still had no tool marked The Defiance Machine Works to add to my collection of Ohio made tools. I real­ ly had given up on finding one. Two and a half years ago I had decided to sell most of my collec­ tion of Ohio made tools. So what happens now? Last summer at a tool meeting near Delaware, OH it finally happened. Wow! I Finally Found One Now What Do I Do With It? While I sell tools at the tool meets, I generally do not I enjoy making displays for the Mid-West Tool Collector's have the time or take the time, anymore to look around meeting and have won several best of show plaques, plus at other member's trade tables. However, someone came several judges choice awards. The past few years, due to to me and said John Kinnemeyer from Cincinnati, OH my age, it has been very difficult for me to prepare the dis­ had something I might be interested in. So I went to play, load them up, cart them into the display room, set up where he was located and sure enough there was a piece M-WTCA.ORGthe display, take it down, and then load it up again. I have always said that I enjoy everything about tools: the buying; the cleaning; the research; the display­ ing; and selling; but the lifting and hauling, I could really do without. Therefore, at the last Mid­ West Tool Collectors meeting I said this is my

30 The Gristmill last display of a grouping of tools. I did leave open the was the Kimball & Frank Foundry and Machine Shop possibility of a one tool display. So on the previous page which made all sorts of castings, engines, boilers, shaft­ is a picture of my one tool display at the Camp Hill, PA ing, pulleys, hangers, plows, and did general shop work Mid-West Tool Collector's meeting. Sometime after 1859 the company was owned by Seaman & Stevens and in 1856 it was leased by Peter Kettenring who in 1858 sold the plant to Strong Brothers. In 1864 the plant was destroyed by fire. It was shortly rebuilt under the name Kettenring & Strong. In 1869 William Lauster became a partner in the firm and it became known as Kettenring, Strong and Lauster. The company became a stock holding company in1872 and was then known as The Defiance Machine Works and Peter Kettenring was chosen as President. It was about this time when the company was really known for its woodworking machines. In my research work, over twelve years, and authoring two books about toolmak­ ers, I found many companies really did not start out with the original name. Most people think this was the company's name when This display won the starting because of the "Best One Tool Display" date as posted on ads at the meeting. I includ­ and catalogs. This ed some information early date was used to about The Defiance make people think they Machine Works which I were a business with a had from my research long time reputation when doing my book I but many times that enlarged a picture that name was not in busi­ was in the catalogue ness for the entire which is shown in the length of time. top photo above. This In 1890, William was just one of the over Kettenring the eldest 250 drawings that were son of Peter, became illustrated in the cata­ the active head of the logue. company until 1912. It Although I had asked was under his leader­ for only a half a table display when I started to put all the ship that the company gained worldwide recognition for materials together, I found I needed a full eight foot table producing the finest machines available for making which I easily filled with related paper materials, which wood products. was easier then haulingM-WTCA.ORG around a load of tools. The picture above is a drawing of the Defiance plant in The drawing above marked Fig. 1 is a picture from the 1910. By 1920 it had added a new foundry and covered patent papers. It was patented by Charles Seymour of 200,000 square feet which included three city blocks. At Defiance, Ohio and then assigned to The Defiance this time the factory employed 700 workers, making it one Machine Works. Since I only had the date June 27, 1882 of the largest in the nation. on the name plate I had to obtain the Number 260,127 in In 1912 Charles Henry Kettenring took over manage­ order to get the full patent papers from our computer. ment of the company. It was definitely one of the Information About The Defiance Machine Works world's largest makers of woodworking machines. It was said at this time 90 percent of all rifle stocks in the Most advertisements and literature say the company start­ world both military and sporting were made on ed in 1850. However, the name of the company in 1850 Defiance Machine Works machines. Between 1918 and

September 2010 31 1921 the Machine Works had designed and built gas and drill 504 holes in large diameter steel plates. The work­ gasoline engines along with special machines to make ers at the Defiance Machine Works did not know until the engines, for Willeys, Lincoln, Hummer, Packard, and some time after the War had ended that these machines many others. were a part of The Manhattan Project which produced the Atomic Bomb which in turn brought about an early In 1922 Edward M. Hummer started to manage the compa­ end to the War with Japan. ny. In 1938 the company was purchased by the Toledo Scale Co. of Toledo. Ohio. Shortly after the Toledo Scale In 1945 Hugh D. Bennett and Geoffrey R. Bennett bought took over they renamed the company "Toledo Precision the company from the Toledo Scale Company. In 1949 Devices" but soon learned that the world renowned name after the death of Hugh Bennett, Geoffrey had no interest of "The Defiance Machine Works" was of great value so in running the company so it was put on the auction the name was changed back. block. With no interest, it was sold out piece-meal and the company was officially ended on Sept. 21, 1949. During the 1940s, the Government declared the Machine Works to be a National Defense plant. The United States Below are pictured some of the over 250 belt driven asked them to build 25 of their horizontal boring mills machines illustrated in their 1910 catalogue. What ever per month. This they did and then the Government happened to all of these machines was a question I asked asked them to manufacture several other machines. many tool collectors. A consensus of those asked seemed They built Hanchett rotary surface grinders, Michigan to think they were probably melted up during World War gear shavers, steam turbines to power oil tankers and II and used in making military machines. gas turbines to power light cruisers for the Navy. In Now the only thing left in Defiance, Ohio is the name addition they had to tool up to build a large number of Defiance Machine Works at the top of a building near automatic cross shell turning lathes to turn out 105 and downtown and a golf course that is named Kettenring 155mm projectiles for the Army and Navy. They built Golf Course. three large 28 spindle drilling machines for Chrysler to

-~_; -~:§f ·.-=-:@."~ ., . ~(; - ~i,;¢~:-- :.~~~/l/./flffl.ll!Y12~~~G ' ~- -

A57 variety turning & boring machirn M-WTCA.ORGA42 post boring machine

~ -~ A58 wagon box borinq machine A19 double ended boring machine

32 The Gristmill Area Meets

201 0 Area D May Meet by Susan Witzel

Nearly 100 attendees from 10 states "played and paid" on May day weekend in Humboldt, Iowa. The fun began on Friday when the tool preview for a Saturday auction whet­ ted tool collectors' appetites. Eating together and talking tools continued on before the opening of the doors at the fairgrounds for the Saturday auction. Saturday evening at 7pm, the Witzels hosted an open house in LeRoy's barn where "tool talk" continued, along with feasting on yummy desserts and delicacies shared by members. It is a great way to get better acquainted with our M-WTCA extended family. Sunday morning the tool frenzy contin­ ued with the actual tool meet. Eleven displays, 34 trading tables plus a Whats-its and a Women's tool table filled the area. George Wanamaker gave an interesting, fun and informative talk on "Ice Cream and the tools of the trade." Remember those "soda fountain" days? M-WTCA mem­ bers figured out the intricacies of the horizontal ice cream Auction day with Mike Urness and Sarah Holmes. maker from 1860s. Delicious home made food was served both days by the Corinth Red Stars 4-H club featuring home made cookies, rolls and pie ala mode.

left: George Wanamaker gave an interesting talk on Ice Cream and shared some of his extensive collection of ice cream tools and related items.

Thelma Roberts shared beautiful perfume bottles from her collection. M-WTCA.ORG

right: Earl Drehmel with his display of Spoke, Bike and Other Small Wrenches

Open house in the barn.

September 2010 33 Area Meets Macomb Tool Meeting by George Wanamaker

It was a rainy, dreary day on April 25, 2010, everywhere in the area, except at the Macomb 4H Center. There however, was a Mid West Tool Collectors Association meeting going on. It was bright with lights and had an air of expectation. Some felt selling was going to take off, some felt they were going to find that special tool. Both were right! The doors opened at 7:30 a.m. It was time to put the tools under the tables. Actually, the doors opened at 6:45 with several members including Cleo and Ivan Dye and others helping set up the tables. The tools were brought in, and donuts, coffee, and juice were enjoyed by all. At 8:00 a.m. the selling began. This was our largest meeting in several years with 75 atten­ dees, 10 displays, and 42 tables of tools. There were many types of tools such as kitchen, ice cream, planes, rules, tapes, farm, and saws to Plan to attend our next name a few. I personally meeting in Macomb. It found two rules I had will be held in late April never seen, one I did not 2011. Ron Knorr and I know had even been made. studied our MWTCA For two and one half hours Directory of names and tools were traded. arrived at the conclusion At 10:30 a good What's It that over 300 members session was held with live within two to two and about 18 tools to identify. one half hours of Macomb. With the help of the crowd, With 1 in 4 coming this about half were identified. year this meeting could Some tools identified become a truly large meet­ included a leather burnisher, lamp wick trimmer (patented ing with your help. Remember, you can not have fun if in 1881), chicken leg band attacher, show horse tail binder, you do not participate! and knife sharpener. There were others we were not so Many thanks to Eric Kinney for the accompanying photos. sure of. The crowd really enjoyed this session. 11:00 a.m. saw the awarding of display prizes of $20 for 1st place and two $15 prizes for a tie for 2nd. 1st place went to Cecil Holms for his collectionM-WTCA.ORG of block planes. Bob Green with Diamalloy Double Crescents and Dale Crosier with small braces tied for 2nd. Finally, Junior McBride won the free subscription to Fine Tool Journal donated by Clarence Blanchard. Guess who drew the winning name? Peggy McBride! But it was a fair draw, her eyes were total­ ly closed. Junior is just lucky! A card was brought by Eric Kinney for all to sign for long time member Dan Brewer who had a major stroke. Our thoughts and prayers are with him. We all wish him a speedy recovery.

34 The Gristmill Area "A" Meet; Hamel MN. - February 13th 201 O by Bob Nelson

The snow and sleet Displays: stopped for a day and This year's theme was "Oldies But Goodies". Thanks to the sun shined on our the following 13 people for sharing their knowledge and 23rd Annual ( and treasures with us : Original) "Cabin Fever" Tool Meet. Rose Rayburn and Judy Nelson registered Snow piled high outside! 171 members, spous­ es, demonstrators and guests. We packed the Medina ballroom with 84 trade and display tables. According to all accounts, the buying and selling activity was fast and furious. One of the most gratifying aspects of the Meet was the sign­ ing on of 14 new members. A big thanks to John Walkowiak for his on-going membership efforts and also to our members who are doing such a great recruiting job. 2. Randy Bohn - Demonstrations: An 18th Century Dick Enstad demonstrated his miniature "Rope Walk" (for Door Panel that making or weaving rope and cable). This device was built he is restoring by Dick for the Science Museum of Minnesota and used during its Titanic exhibit. Gene Miller's "The Art of Making Rope" demonstration fea­ tured his various rope making wrenches and machines. Mike Siemsen and Dean Jansa did a very interesting demo. First, they visited the trade room and purchased some basic user tools (Planes, Saws, Chisels, etc.) and tuned them up. Second, they used these tools to construct a beautiful dove-tailed M-WTCA.ORGand pegged tote box. Dick Enstad demo.

Iron Jointer

Shopping for user tools. Putting user tools to use.

September 2010 35 DIAMOND HANDIMAN/HANDYBOY MULTl•TOOLS - A TvPII STUDY -

4. Pat Feeser - Some Beautiful Household "Oldies But Goodies"

9. Carter Nelson - Diamond Handiman/Handyboy Multi-Tool Type Study

5. Cecil Holmes -The Miller Patent Plow Planes -All of Them!

6. Steve McNulty- Stanley Tin Boxed Combination and Core Box Planes

10. Lee Osterbauer - 1915 Gentleman's Tool Chest Replica

7. Howard Mironov - Pre-1900 Patented Push Drills and Spiral Screw Drivers M-WTCA.ORG

11. Jim Preusser - 1860 Hiram Perkins Plow Plane 8. Bob Nelson - Stanley's First Metallic and Transitional Planes

36 The Gristmill for sharing this priceless piece with us. Lee Osterbauer1s re-creation of a 1915 Hanunacher-Schlemmer "Gentleman1s Tool Chest" is a fine example of new world crafts­ manship. Lee 1s labor of love took just over a year to complete. The 1915 era tools that fill the chest were purchased at local and National Meets. Items that could not be found were handcraft­ ed by Lee and are as beautiful as the originals were. In time this chest will be given to a lucky grandson. Thanks for displaying this wonderful tool chest. Ten year old Carter Nelson1s "Type Study of Diamond Handiman/Handyboy Multi-tools" has been on-going since he convinced his grandfather to give him the first few pieces. The collection was completed with money earned working at Donney's Auction at M-WTCA's National Meet in Erie in 2008. 12. Greg Vetsch - Old Large Primitive Tools The display was first exhibited at the National Meet in Decatur that fall. Wrench collectors who have viewed this display say that it is the most complete collection of Diamond Tool Handiman/Handyboys that they have seen. Thanks Carter for this informative type study. Past Director Awards: One of the highlights of the meeting was the presentation of the Appreciation Plaques given to retiring Area A Director Eric Mattson and to his wife Pat Mattson. Eric has been the primary Director of Area A since 2003 and is the first member that I met after joining M-WTCA. His friendly and sharing manner made me feel welcome immediately. Eric is one of the most knowl­ edgeable and up-beat members of our club. His door is always open and the coffee pot is always on. Pat has done the bookkeeping, registration, name tags, mailers and 13. John Walkowiak- Spiers No. 29 Jointing Plane typing for our Medina and Hastings meets from 2003 through 2010. Our displays were judged according to the guidelines found in She has also mentored me during the transition from tool collector the M-WTCA Membership Directory. Point totals were close in to Director. A big thanks to Pat and Eric for jobs well done! many categories. The results are as follows : Cabin Fever Auction: Best Women's Display - Pat Feeser This year1s auction was one of the largest and longest that we Junior Display (under 18) - Carter Nelson have held in recent memory. It included a large selection from Bill Watkin1s collection. Bill said he wanted our club members to Best Single Tool - John Walkowiak have "First Crack" at the items. 25% of the proceeds were gifted Best Out of Theme and People 1s Choice - Lee Osterbauer to the M-WTCA endowment fund and another 25% was given to Area A. Thank you Bill! Best In Theme - Bob Nelson Once again we were blessed Some of our displays have been with the auctioneering services or will be exhibited at M-WTCA of Bob Daubt. His 3+ hours per­ National Meets. All displaysM-WTCA.ORG formance was amazing and pro­ were excellent but I would like ductive. Tool runners were 12 to focus on the following three: year old Gavin Rayburn, his The 18th Century ornate door friend Mandy Gerviais and panel exhibited by Randy Hollis Feeser handled the auc­ Bohn is one of the finest tion accounting. Tool runners (left to right), Gavin Rayburn, Carter Nelson. examples of our world design Auctioneer Jar right), Bob Daudt. Helpers at table (left to right), Our "Cabin Fever" winter Meet and craftsmanship that I have Hollis Feeser, Mandy Gervais, Steve Nelson, Bill Watkins. is like a mini-National Meet and ever seen. It is amazing that is always well attended. If you this item was produced using only hand tools. The intricate have never been here, watch for the date in the Gristmill and designs, woods, metal and finishes were exquisite. Randy is come join us next year. Thanks to everyone who helped in any a world renowned wood finisher and restorer. We thank him way with our 2010 Meet.

September 2010 37 Area Meets

Area D Spring Meet, A Little History by Lee Kallstrom

In 1991 or 92 two guys met at a tool show in Lincoln, Ne. An What are they bringing to "What's It" these days? old timer, Ole Olson, led the show. These two had so much This is Jim Shald wielding one of the most menacing "tools" fun and were indeed young tool fanatics. They decided to brought to the what's it table for some time. As you can see, start a similar program in the Omaha area. They did not Duane Johnson is standing clear as Jim demonstrates how waste much time. They held their first tool meet in 1993. he might use this tool. Most of the rest of "what's it" was on Actually, the first few meetings were held in a suburb of the more mild side. Omaha, Papillion, NE. Since that time, Fred Leu and Al Fetty have hosted and run two meetings a year for seventeen years and they have one under their belts in 2010. The only meeting that had to be canceled was during our 1997 October blizzard that took power out in most of the city. They did not want to cancel but recognized the safety of the members of the group. Not a bad record. In 2000 they hosted the National Meet here in Omaha. This still holds the record for the farthest west M-WTCA National held to date. Of course these guys could not do everything needed for successful meetings all on their own. Their better halves, Sally and Rose have been probably more important in pro­ viding the best organization snacks and luncheons to make our family closer. Here they are; Al and Rose and Fred and Sally.Al has now Cool Tools retired from teaching Industrial Technology at the Beatrice Public Schools and Fred still works with his son in their As I ventured around the full room of tools, a couple of real­ construction business. These folks make you feel at home ly neat specials caught my eye. Here is Fred Leu with a near­ from the minute you open the door. ly complete Goodell Pratt No. 1070 "Motorized Workshop". He found some of this tool at a local garage sale. After questioning the pro­ prietor about the missing parts he was M-WTCA.ORG

told that a guy across the street had some of the parts. Fred convinced the Both Fred and Al have served their six year terms as direc­ guy to go across the street tor of the Area D, M-WTCA. It has been an experience and and get those parts so Fred pleasure being able to become a member of this family of could have a complete tool enthusiasts, with these great folks leading the way. tool. He did and Fred left

38 The Gristmill with this very cool tool with an original Goodell Pratt elec­ Looking toward the Future tric drill which runs the whole contraption. To the right is an We are beginning a new era in our Nebraska tool group. I ad from Popular Science in 1928. r"------was approached by the administrator l'OPUMR SCU!NCE MONTHLY Moving right along of the Washington County Museum in Fort Calhoun, NE. A former bank Another really cool tool, presented by a building with a couple of additions has guy with too many Miller's Patent #41s become a most interesting stop along planes. Cecil Holmes just about ran out Highway 75 between Omaha and Blair of space for his now complete display Nebraska. The museum relies heavil; of Miller Patent planes and threatened on volunteers to do much of the cleri­ to "leave the whole bunch at home". He cal and data input for items donated even brought a couple of extras to our BEFORE j•ou Buy it! from the local community. A huge meet for sale. Here is Cecil holding a I A.'\li-you;rltl<::atdea.lcrt:9Vt1.1~·ittovuu.. H~ prubltbty tni-. tt ha &W<:t t ;it.unlt4e 1t. le. backlog has accumulated in the stor­ lQIUY 1ota.11d11 our. \>htJP t,y a msktt of No. 41 type 3 in beautiful shape. You Jl11odt•JOls"111~u L88ts:, )'OUHtlctnud111h."ff, Yoot dflJ-.,, wHI aun.ncer li,. \\ ,:'U hllck age areas of th~ building. can sure learn a lot from this guy. I hlJPup. No,etbde'JUt\JMil, I ,,-,;1•,,,, When I took a tour of the facilities I A "'•· lf>tll 11, l•ol> Voc1nc Urui. ...it) I I rtmo, able foe ll&a :.-. • puff.ifl,J~ dr1H. laJ/,t Uni/ noticed significant piles of wood tools, ::~'p:;tc-r·~= ~~~t.!C:1t ~~R=t I tool boxes, and agricultural tools all aaJ 1"tu1 Stock~, M Jo<-nd it ,~Y dt:llit:ed rolnit,• C ~~itr, 12 meh('-t ~twt:toll c-eb• I I. stored away because no one was ""' 5 ln,,h ,wl:,., Tab/• I Ad1u:11abh: to Mlt from O ,o 1 ln.:

Three Wood Tw»lrst. C:hl'W!b. Sere~ Interested members of our Area D Pfi'ur, ~glu Drill f'iti.nt.,,.-1/1• hl ll 'M inch. LIST PRICl

September 20 l O 39 Area Meets

Area A Spring Meet, Hastings, Mn. April 17, 2010 by Bob Nelson

Once again the sun shown brightly as we gathered for our Spring Meet at the Hastings Armory. Judy Nelson and Rose Rayburn checked in over 150 members, spouses, guests, and demonstrators. For the first time in many years we used all available trade tables. This meet is known as our "Cheap Meet". The entry fee is minimal and includes one free trade table, cof­ fee, rolls and a lunch. Room set up and take down is handled by volunteers and Directors. French Patching using his special shellacs, oils and solvents. He transformed the surface of an ordinary piece of Mahogany Thanks to all who helped out. into an 18th Century furniture quality finish. Also, a broken Our attendance was the highest in ten years. Buyers and sell­ and patched comer of an intricately figured 200 year old panel ers reported lots of action and good results. We also signed was blended, stained and surfaced in a matter of minutes. up thirteen new members for a total of 27 so far this year! Randy's exceptional skills are a combination of art and sci­ We had several great displays. Don Bosse displayed his ence. We thank him for sharing them with us. "Minnesota's Only Patented Plane", Don's amazing discovery What's It Session: is the Glans Gunmetal smoother, patented September 19, 1906 by John Glans of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is related Eric Mattson again to the "unknown" did a fine job running plane on page 105 our "What's It" ses­ of Roger Smith's sion. Many unusual PTAMPIA Vol. II? tools were discussed and identified, some ~ UNITED ST A TES PATENT OFFICE were not. JOHN>\. S. GLANS. OF Mr'i~EAJ>OLJS l\fJX'1ESOTA A Disappearing Rule? One of our members reported that a fine Chapin- Stephens No 036 Combination Rule, Level, and Inclinometer went Demonstrations: missing at our Medina Meet. If anyone discovers that they Mike Siemen, Dean have this 036, please return it or ($125.00) to Larry Head. Jansa and Tom 2011 Plans: Howard put on Next year our 24th Annual "Cabin Fever" Meet will again be another interesting M-WTCA.ORG held at the Medina Entertainment Center in Hamel, demonstration. Minnesota. The date will be They built a "Tombstone Door" February 12th. using hand tools purchased at our local meets. The guys try to choose The 2011 Area "A" Spring Meet is projects that can be completed dur­ currently looking for a temporary ing one meeting and have been new home. The Hastings Armory doing demos for Area "A" for sever­ will be closed for a year for al years now. We all appreciate their asbestos mitigation. When and if time, efforts and expertise. we find an appropriate substitute venue, the location and date will be Randy Bohn demonstrated two "Lost published in the Gristmill. Art" wood finishing techniques:

40 The Gristmill 16th Annual Peach Meet by Don Rosebrook and Steve Edwards

The Peach meet has been held annually since 1995 at the Doug Fowler watched and fretted about everything and his Lions Club facility in Madison GA. Traditionally we have booming voice needed no amplification even in the full hall. had tailgate trading on Thursday morning but this is subject The eight displays were excellent but more are always wel­ to the whim of the weather. When it is good as it has been, come. The first place display by Gary Coleman was a tool on occasion some members will stay set up outside for chest full of molding tools ( something we do not see much most of the day. But bad weather is also traditional and this of at the meets). Second place went to George Elsas for a year was no exception. The day dawned cool and very display of braces. Third place went to Dave Heckel for a overcast and it never got comfortable. When I (Don) left display of Metallic Plane Company planes. Atlanta that morning it began to mist and I arrived in Madison just ahead of the cold rain. The rain did what the cool tem­ peratures could not do. It drove the few hardy tailgaters inside to warm up and dry off. The tables had not yet arrived so there was lit­ tle to do but lie to each other about the great tools we found. This year there was no inside trading on Thursday. This resulted in a vote on Friday that we change the format of the meeting. It was agreed that if we were unable to set up for tailgating we would have some type of inside selling once the tables arrived and were set up. But this Thursday, we just Moulding Tool Chest - Gary Coleman moved our goods inside under the tables. Many more joined us as the day progressed. Once again, there was plenty of fel­ lowship - you know what that means - tool stories, exagger­ ation, talk of families and of friends who would not be there. The display tables were available for set up. The doors opened at 7 AM Friday for set up and trading. The room appeared to have as many tables as the 2008 meet but because of heavy snow up north, not all of the tables mor­ phed in tools for sale. The attendance seemed good howev­ er. That assessment provedM-WTCA.ORG to be correct because at the end we counted 140 attendees and many interesting displays. That pretty well filled the hall but we look forward to more occupied tables next year. The meet featured a presentation by Don Rosebrook on Southern levels. We learned that a The Brace - A sweep of Beauty - George Elsass large percentage of the early patents from Southerners were land levels to help farmers in leveling their fields. As always, trading was active all day with most of the sales tables staying open until late afternoon but it seemed that sev­ eral people opted to pick up and leave at that time. Saturday the room was not as full and there was a lot of weather anxi­ ety. The meet was well organized and events happened as they were planned and scheduled except for the presentation. Metallic Plane Company- David Heckel

September 2010 41 Disston Medical Amputation Saw by Phil Baker

Not too long ago I received an e-mail from Wisconsin Medical saws made in the United States are not common. advising me to check out a saw on eBay. It was listed as a Those seen are usually made in the United Kingdom or Disston tennon saw. It looked more like a medical tool to Germany. Several years back I found a Tifmann & Co saw me, however the seller said it was marked Disston. I have marked New York. I have included it in this article with a never heard of a Disston medical amputation saw, so I fig­ ured it was worth a bid.

. - "' ~~-;:,,i,,i!:,i<.+"' . . "'i~- I was the "lucky" winner. The mail lady delivered it four days later. We live in the woods and she leaves saws and other things in the house which is nice. I was not disap­ pointed. It was what I had hoped it would be. The Disston mark and U.S.A. for United States Army was clearly stamped in the nickel plated brass handle. picture of the two saws together. The saws are identical except for the wing nuts and the Tifmann blade being %11 shorter than the Disston. The Tifmann wing nut is marked #37. Both saws blades are 211 wide under the back.

Only one person that I M-WTCA.ORG questioned had heard of Disston producing this It seems possible that both of these saws tool. He had seen a refer­ ence to it in days' gone by might have come out of the Henry Disston in paper work telling of & Sons factory. As always if you can shed articles the Disston Firm some light on this article please do. had manufactured during the Civil War. The loca­ tion of this information at present is unknown.

42 The Gristmill 176 175

3rd Annual St. Charles Antique Tool Auction October 1, 3PM; & Oct. 2, 2010 at 9 AM Harvester Lions Club

i\_-,~----, I~,~ , IJ~ :}~., ' 4835 Central School Road ~""'"~~~ ,- """ ----- St. Charles (St. Louis), MO 63304

STANLEY PLANES: #1, 2 (prelateral), 2C, 3C, 4, 11, 12, 12 1/4, 12 1/2, 40, 40 1/2, 45 IOB, 57, 69, #77 Dowel Machine with 8 cutters: 97, 98/99, 104,444 IOB, and many more; BEDROCK PLANES: 602, 603, 603C, 604, 608C. OTHER METALLIC PLANES: RARE L. Bailey #11 rabbet, 17 3/4-in. fore, 21-in. jointer; Chaplin's jack plane with adjustable throat; etc.;-IRON COMPASS PLANES: Sargent #74, #76, Scarce Sargent #1074 nickel plated, Bailey #10, Keen Kutter 115 & ULTRA RARE Keen Kutter K200, Evans, Union #411, Stanley #13, 113, infill smoothers & panel. WOODEN PLANES: Ebony, boxwood, and rosewood plows including ivory tipped models; numerous rosewood and cork wood planes; carriage maker's and many others. LEVELS & INCLINOMETERS: Large collection of Davis, L.L. Davis & Davis patent Robinson levels; other cast iron levels by Fitchburg, Jennings and Cook's; and wooden levels inc. Ewing Patent, W.B. Mellick patent, Helb patent, Stratton Bros., H.M. Pool, Vogel Patent IOB, Stanley & many others; PLUMB BOBS & TRAMMEL POINTS: Large collection of plumb bobs including several in ivory; Leistner; several pair of fancy brass trammel points .. . RULES & TAPES: SWAINE & ADENEY LONDON horse measuring tape; several ivory rules; boxwood folding rules, etc. BORING TOOLS: Stunning hand-carved brace; Manufactured braces by Goodell-Pratt, Lowentraut, Davis Level & Tool Co.; ultimatum type marked ALFRED RIDGE MANUFACTURER & METALLIC FRAME PATENT BRACE, fine carved brace ... SAWS: Keen Kutter reversible back saw; several early back saws; Leavitt Pat. Buhl-saw ... MISC.: Tool books and catalogs; RARE Paul G. Leistner St. Charles, Mo Patent copper and brass hot water bottle (bed/foot warmer): numerous wrenches including patented examples.

See a complete list with links to photos at: M-WTCA.ORGWWW .GreatPlanesTrading .com Sale managed by: Mike "Rat" Urness Great Planes Trading Co., PO Box 6022, Chesterfield, MO 63006-6022 Phone 314.497 .7884 \'+ Email [email protected]

September 2010 43 M-WTCA Auxiliary Jottings from Judi From The President, Judi Heckel

Autumn is approaching and with it comes the The Camp Hill meet produced eight awaited Fall tool meet. We will be in Louisville heart-warming peeks into the pleas­ KY and here's hoping all of you can join us. ures of our members' lives. One of Susan Witzel will be leading a team of Louisville my greatest joys was to watch Pat Ladies composed of Debbie Barnes, Eva Feeser use her quilting display as her Bramel, Jane Venable Brown, Paula Cox, and "classroom" to instruct new quilter Karen Fulton who guarantee a great time for all Shari Kosmerl. of us. The theme will be Decorations so put on your thinking So, jot this down: M-WTCA meeting - Louisville KY - Oct. 7- cap and share those lovely decorations in your home. Check 9, 2010 - Bring a display - Read Gap Creek by Robert the website, www.mwtca.org/auxiliary for the latest update Morgan - Bring used books for the sale table . on our next meeting....____"7--:---.------

Chinese Auction by Judi Heckel

Every few years, the Auxiliary offers its those in attendance. At the magic members the unique opportunity to cap­ hour, Becky Leamy passed around ture a real bargain. The Camp Hill host­ each bag full of tickets and members esses orchestrated a silent auction selected a winning number. Though linked with fun and excitement. Tables some of us were a little overwhelmed arranged with over 50 items were avail­ locating the winning number in our able for shopping and bidding. Items stash, each lucky person was finally ranged from chocolate bars, to identified. Good-natured jealousy Christmas baskets, to kitchen items, to socks. Envelopes occurred when Marsha Smith and Jane Eickman won more with 10 tickets for $1 were available for purchase. The then their share, but all was easily forgiven and the smiles Auxiliary realized a profit of $204 due to the generosity of gave evidence to a fun time for all.

On The Other Side of The Bed by Kathleen Holmes

Back to my comments from the last Gristmill. I found some For I was born to shiver more quips in the quote department ... In the draft of an open mind. (Anon) • If we were not meant to keep starting over ... why would • And finally this one ... God always answers prayer. God have created Monday. (Bumper sticker) Sometimes it is yes ... sometimes it is no. Sometimes the M-WTCA.ORGanswer is "you got to be kidding." (Jimmy Carter) • An educated man is one who can entertain himself, entertain a stranger, and entertain a new idea (An unknown sage) I am always interested in the groups that form at the tool meets around the country. After a quick and thorough view­ • We as churches are to be "fishers of men." not the keepers ing of the various offerings and a perusal of the display of the aquarium. (from a Des Moines Register editorial) tables, men ( and some women) gather in groups of two or • Do not knock the weather; nine-tenth of us could not more, discussing the offerings, the politics of the day, the start a conversation if it did not change once in a while. travels, and the direction M-WTCA should or can go. These (Ken Hubbard) groups move into other groups, changing the scenery and commenting of the ideas shared in the last grouping. What • Snug lie those who slumberBeneath convictions roof, fun it is to both watch and participate in the groups. I go to Their windows weatherproof. my room, slip into my jammies, lay down on my rented bed, But I sleep cold forever, And cold sleep my kind. and drift off to sleep On My Side of the Bed. AAAHHH!

44 The Gristmill M-WTCA Auxiliary Auxiliary Derby Day by Susan Witzel

Grab your hats and hurry on down to Louisville! The on YOUTUBE.com.-Polly Singer. She makes wonderful 'y "Louisville Ladies" are ready to shower you with Southern derby day hats! You will also want to read Gap Creek by {J hospitality October 7-9, 2010, when you arrive in Kentucky Robert Morgan - the story of a very unusual woman. Friday for the Semi-Annual Meeting of M-WTCA. Known for the evening we will have a hat making workshop. Ladies, bring Kentucky Derby (horses and hats), "hot browns" ( dinner trim and flowers and ribbons from your craft room and a hat food), "happy balls" (chocolate candy), and lovely "Old you would like to decorate!! We should have a lot of fun and Louisville" (historical homes) your visit to this area promises then be able to wear new hats to the luncheon. The lunch- to be memorable. If you want to have a good laugh, please eon speakers, Mike Stemple and Phil Baker will tell about the check out the website: www.gethappyballs.com. The theme Crystal Cathedral and all the inventions arising from the First chosen for the women's displays is "Decorations." There is World's Fair held in the United States in 1853. Join in the fun no more important decoration in Louisville than HATS! Join by wearing a hat to the luncheon. See you soon. Susan our mini-Derby day by touring Churchill Downs on Thursday Witzel and the Louisville Ladies: Debbie Barnes, Eva Bramel, morning and welcoming Polly Singer on Thursday afternoon. Paula Cox, and Karen Fulton. For any questions or concerns Check out Polly's website: www.hatsandveils.net or a video e-mail Susan Witzel at [email protected].

Meet and Greet by Judi Heckel

The traditional "Meet 'N Greet" program allowed members to scope. It will make a believer out of you. Pat Feeser shared reconnect and catch up on news and views. Susan Witzel her "Flat Erin" adventures, made for a family member. Her shared the ABC photo scrapbook that her daughter made for product went to the head of the class. Kathy Vogt purchased Leroy's 80th birthday. Susan & Leroy will leave the tool meet a new candy tin that reminds her of Grandma. Carolyn List and visit the Amish couple they met at the last Camp Hill added a Lancaster wash board to her collection. Of note is her meeting. After 10 years, there will be much tocatch up on. unusual bed pan. Phyllis Moffet has money to fold and Judi Author Becky Leamy displayed her over 800-page bound vol­ Heckel increased her collection of favorite things. The Meet & ume of family history. Dating back to 1588, Becky wondered Greet session ended with all the ladies being serenaded by if her best collection includes dead relatives. TV celebrity Carl Bilderback singing the song, "Unforgettable." Hearing Judy Gambrel shared experiences and newspaper coverage Carl sing was truly an unforgettable moment for all. He since the History Channel antique pickin' show arrived. Judy received a standing ovation and all we can say is, "Thank you, announced a return visit to her home this next season, and Carl. You made our weekend truly unforgettable!" Be sure to how she joined the ranks of "fan favorite." If you get the join us for this fun session at each Mid-West meeting. opportunity, ask Sally Redinger to share her personal horo- Everyone is welcome and the laughter will last a long time.

Book ReviewM-WTCA.ORG by Judi Heckel

Jeanne McDonald guided members through the pages of of us the importance of releasing grudges and healing The Quilter's Apprentice by Jennifer Chiaverini. While betrayals. As author of over 20 books, Jennifer Chiaverini Sarah and Matt worked to clean and improve the Elm showed why the art of quilting "centers" many women. Creek Manor, owner Sylvia Compson prepared her family While sometimes it seems quilters just cut fabric apart estate for future sale. Sylvia, a master quilter, agreed to then sew the pieces back together, each of us need to teach Sarah how to quilt, and slowly revealed the patch­ often examine if the pieces of our own lives make the best work pieces of the fabric of her life. Using a beautiful pattern. Ann Boltz and Lorraine Lamond picked yet story of friendship and forgiveness, Sylvia showed many another winning book for us.

September 2010 45 M-WTCA Auxiliary The Pleasures of Camp Hill. .. Women's Auxiliary Displays by Kathy Vogt

Our meeting in June had as our theme "The Pleasures of make for a great outdoor day. Listening to the sound of Your Life!" The registration pamphlet announcing the the surf with the warmth of the sand between your toes theme asked the displayers to "think about all the people, makes for a soul filled with peace. Sunsets are a special places or things that bring pleasure to your life and share treat in Florida .... reaching from the far horizon to the them with us." That is just what the ladies did in their own tips of your toes, bathing the world in a soft warm glow. wonderful ways of sharing about themselves. In fact they What a gift!! Each year I look forward to a new adven­ adhered so well to these instructions that there was no ture with my grandchildren. They grow up and away so award for Best Out of Theme as all were IN theme!! In quickly. Let them know some of the pleasures and pas­ this issue we will feature four of the eight displays in sions of your lives. Share your joy and excitement with Pennsylvania. Enjoy! I hope you will start to think about them. The memories are priceless!! Susan illustrated your display for Louisville, Kentucky October 7th - 9th these words with her shells; fishnet; pictures of the where our theme will be "Decorations." We hope to see ocean, sunsets, and her grandchildren in her display. MORE displays in October ... thanks to all who share with One can just imagine what adventures Susan will take us. We learn so much from your displays. her grandchildren on next. She hopes to pass on a love of learning and nature at the same time and I am sure she Susan Witzel's "The Pleasures of My Life" is doing JUST that!! BEST OF SHOW AWARD Annabel Ring's "A Flock of Cool Chicks" One of the biggest pleasures of my life has been to intro­ duce the wonders of the ocean and the seashore to my For over eighty-seven years, I have collected various land-locked Iowa grandchildren. Venice, Florida was the things. My first collection was Mickey Mouse items. I first place where we went walking on the beach togeth­ remember the Mickey Mouse costume my mother er. Scouring Venice's beach is a much more "masculine" made when I was in third grade in a one room school endeavor with the goal of finding prehistoric shark's house. I had one of the first Mickey Mouse sweatshirts teeth as well as seashells. My grandchildren come back in the 1930s. Being a farm girl I just had to bring a cow to visit year after year because we now share a love of collection. I had cows on towels, cookie jars, etc. - Florida and the adventures it offers. Along with learning even one engraved on our grave stone. Later when my the names of the shells, some want to find the smallest grandmother gave me a beautiful blue glass spoon ones - or the largest ones. Skim boarding is fun to try. another collection was born - the blue glass is still on Surfboarders are exciting to watch when the big waves display in our sunroom. A wooden cabinet in the office crash the shore. Fishing has become an added pastime - holds part of my collection of little cars, a fascination watch out for the greedy pelicans when getting your fish from remembering my father giving me a toy dump off the hook though! When walking the beach in search of shells, it is good to look up once in a while to enjoy the birds diving, the dolphins cruising by or dancing in joy over a good run of fish. Beach picnics and sand castles M-WTCA.ORG

46 The Gristmill truck when I was little. With only two daughters, I was school Hall of Fame. Over the years my husband and I the son he did not have! My latest and last collection have traveled to nineteen countries and I included a is due to living in a small house is a whole flock of photo book filled and annotated with these places. So chicken items. these are the pleasures of my life. In fact THIS IS MY LIFE! Included in her display, Annabel had chickens on aprons, rugs, pillows, mug, napkin holder, timer, cookie jar, place­ Sally Redinger's "Pieced Pennsylvania Pleasures mats, quilt, quilted bag, and clothing as well as glass, Quilted Squares from 44 of 67 Counties of PA" china, wood and feathered chicken figurines. Tablecloths JUDGES CHOICE AWARD and fabric with chicken wire, a farm scene border and The Pennsylvania Quilt was won in a drawing at the sunflowers made a special cover for the table too. I am National Conference of NAE4-HA (National Association sure many memories can be had when Annabel looks at of Extension 4-H Agents) that was held in Hershey, PA in her collections and remembers the special people who November 1986. The Association was celebrating their inspired them. 40th anniversary. In commemoration of this anniver­ Helen Devitt's "The Pleasures of My Life" sary, the Extension Service of Pennsylvania had this quilt made with 44 of the 67 counties creating a quilt So what came to my mind when "The Pleasures of Your block representing their county. The emblem NAE 4-H Life" theme was announced? Well, various pleasures of 40th Anniversary was placed my life "popped into my mind" in the center with hand quilt­ and I have memorabilia to doc­ "think about all the people, places ing over most of the quilt. ument these pleasures. I was a Sally chose this for her display 4-H member for nine years and or things that bring pleasure to as it had unusual interest and have my very first projects as your life and share them with us. " the uniqueness of each coun- well as all my pins. And then ty's square. Some portrayed something about their county, some were well­ known quilt patterns and one showed the com­ THE modities of Pennsylvania State. The quilt also is a PLEAS RES constant reminder of all the wonderful confer­ ences she and her husband attended for the F MY LI National Association of Extension 4-H Agents and all the friends they met during the years Sally's husband was an Extension Agent. This quilt truly has been a "Pleasure in our Lives" says Sally and we can see why. M-WTCA.ORG there was six years of tap dance classes with a scrap­ book and battered (well-used) tap shoes to document this activity. I enjoyed being in a college sorority and have my pledge book, composite and pins as proof. After college, I taught Home Economics for thirty-three years and so a plan book, grade book and photos were stashed away. During this time I was a wife, mom and grandma for fifty-two years. I also was a 4-H advisor for twenty-five years and a Master Clothing Educator as well as active church member thus earning a place in my high

September 20 l O 47 DAVID STANLEY AUCTIONS 56th INTERNATIONAL AUCTION 1000 Lots of Quality Antique Woodworking and Allied Trades Tools on SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 25th 2010 At the Bretby Conference Centre, Nr Burton upon Trent, England

To include • A fine collection of Mathieson levels and • Early block plane by Wooding and other • Ivory and boxwood rules. planes from a New Zealand collection. early moulding planes. • Many wide and complex moulders. • Planes and tools by Stanley, Preston, • Austrian goosewing axes plus many • Early miniature boxwood and brass Spiers, Norris, Marples, Holtzapffel etc. French, Dutch and other European tools. planes. • A selection of decorative levels and plumb • An important l 7thC German decorated • Early books and catalogues. bobs, sets of carving tools, chisels and brass block plane dated 1633 and other • Many tools of the Cooper, Leatherworker, gouges. metal planes. Watchmaker etc

The entire catalog of 1000 lots available ON-LINE 3 weeks prior with full absentee bidding instructions at: www.the-saleroom.com In spite of this new digital age we are still producing our great, full color catalogs which include estimated prices, condition coding, postal bidding instructions & prices realised list after the sale.

M-WTCA.ORG$35 from The Mechanicks Workbench, P.O. Box 420 Marion, Mass. 02738 USA. USA Tel : (508) 748-1680 E-mail: [email protected]

or Australia and New Zealand for £24 from David Stanley Auctions, Osgathorpe, Leics. LEl2 9SR England from Australia Tel: 00-11 -44- 1. 530 222320 New Zealand Tel : 00-44-1530 222320

E-mail [email protected] quoting your mailing address and credit card details. Visit our web site at www.davidstanley.com

48 The Gristmill Tool Family Trees by Bob Roger

Special Purpose Fixed-Blade Knives Fixed-blade knives were one of our earliest tools. A good knife was multi-purpose, and probably still is in most situations. But as craftsmen began specializing, so too did their tools. Knives were no exception, and the family of special purpose fixed­ blade knives has a huge number of members. Figure 1 shows 15 selections from that family. A few have well-known uses, but others may be more difficult to identify. See if you can match them with their intended use from the list below. Intended use: A. Shop layout/marking knife, marked 'R. Murphy Ayer Mass l'. -B. Shoemaker's knife, one marked 'R. Murphy Ayer Mass. USA 3', another 'LP Hyde Southbridge, Mass.' C. Beekeeper's honey-comb uncapping knife, 1872 patent (127,187). J. Sewing knife (Eskimo Ulu) D. Sabot-maker's knife K. Vegetable & fruit paring knife, 1869 patent (#92,240), E. Saddle maker's head knife marked Gottlieb HMSF'. F. Tomato knife, 1909 patent(# 908,894), for peeling L. Pruning knife, marked 'Holley Lakeville, Conn.' tomatoes. M. Oyster knife, 1854 patent (#10,798), marked 'P Blake G. Cigar maker's knife, 1903 patent (#722,282), marked Patent 1854'. 'Union Cigar Knife Co., Detroit'. N. Ink erasing knife, burnisher, and paper slitter, marked H. Paperhanger's knife, 1925 patent (#1,528,615), marked 'Faber'. 'Russell Green River Works'. 0. Vintner's grape-picking knife I. Farrier's hoof knife, marked 'G. Wostenholm, Washington Works, Sheffield, England'. Tool Fami ly Trees Answers on page 52.

Antique Tool and Collectibles Auction November 6, 2010, 9:30 AM Harvester Lions Club 4835 Central School Road St. Charles (St. Louis), MO 63304

We have just takenM-WTCA.ORG delivery of a good sized collection of St. Louis Hardware Store items including lots of Keen Kutter, Shapleigh's, Diamond Edge, Winchester and others. In addition to planes, saws, drills and the regular assortment of carpenter tools, we'll have long handled gardening tools, a Winchester Clock, Keen Kutter and Diamond Edge tin store signs, Keen Kutter & Diamond Arms shotguns, wrenches, farm collectibles, and many others. A list with links to photos will be posted on the web site ASAP. The day after the auction, there will be a MWTCA Area E tool show in Carlinville, IL. For info contact Bob Terry Phone (618) 377-3421.

www.GreatPlanesTrading.com Auction managed by Mike Urness Great Planes Trading Co. PO Box 6022 Chesterfield, MO 63006-6022 Phone: (314) 497-7884 Email: [email protected]

September 2010 49 Collection Spotlight by Dave Heckel

Joey and her husband Bob Gilmore joined favorite sayings was, "If it was not for the wives, the hus­ M-WTCA back in the late 1970s. They began bands would not be able to pursue their tool collecting." to collect the tools of both woodworking and Bob passed away in 2009, and Joey has kept up her M­ WTCA membership. sewing trades. Bob would buy a sewing or needlework tool for Joey when he would search for his woodworking Joey has about 100 different scissors in her collection. tools. He would find a pair of scissors or a needle packet or They range from embroidery, button-hole, sugar, tailor's holder to bring home to Joey. Joey related that one of Bob's seamstress, sewing, commemorative and stork pattern

M-WTCA.ORGDisplay cases full of sewing tools.

Sewing cabinet full of scissors. Sewing cabinet full of scissors.

50 The Gristmill scissors. She has been sewing for over 60 years and has a collection of sewing tools that are used to make clothing for quilting, embroidery, cross stitching, crewel, redwork and for pinking. Some of the tools are sewing birds, thim­ ble holders, etuis, needle threaders, darning eggs, and miniature sewing machines. One of the most unusual scissors type tools is an umbilical cord scissors that can be sterilized and is decorated with a stork, a snake, a pair of salamander feet, and a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes that becomes visible when the tool is opened. The various tools are both antique and contemporary. She enjoys the fact that she can use the antique sewing Display cases f ull of se-wing tools. tools in her craft. Joey said, "Tool collecting was some­ thing that we enjoyed doing together, and I miss that joy."

Se-wing cabinet full of scissors.

Umbilical cord scissors. M-WTCA.ORGDisplay cases full of sewing tools.

September 2010 51 Lest We Forget by Bob Roger

Lest We Forget is a series of slwrt articles, each about a tool or One way to repair was to vulcanize a rubber patch over implement that was once a common Jwuse/wl,d, farm, or trade the hole in the tire or tube using a portable vulcanizer. The necessity, but wlwse use or existence may soon be forgotten. tool at the top is Cecil Adamson's vulcanizer made by the Adamson Manufacturing Company of East Palestine, The Portable Vulcanizer and the Rubber Band Shooter Ohio. Adamson received patent number 1,057,911 on April - Tue Repair Tools 1, 1913 for this two-piece device. Loosening the two wing With the major advances in tire manufacturing over the nuts allowed the top piece containing the cup with pro­ last 50 years, flat tires have moved from common to unex­ jecting rods to be removed, the tire or tube laid on the pected. The old tire repair kits that we carried in our cars lower, flat plate and the repair patch laid on top of the and with our bicycles contained tools that are not always hole in the tire/tube. The top piece was then laid over the recognized today, although the techniques they employed patch and the wing nuts tightened to press the patch remain valid. Shown here are a couple of those tools. against the tire/tube. Then the cup was filled with gasoline and lit. The gas burned from the top down, and as it did it heated the rods, transmitting the heat to the patch and tire below. The heat melted the patch onto the tire/tube, and the design allowed the gas to bum off before the tire was heated too much and damaged. The lower item is what Benjamin Urich called a rubber band shooter in his August 19, 1919 patent number 1,313,868 for a puncture-closing device. Used for small punctures, a small rubber band was slid into a slot in the left end of the tool and stretched to the handle where it was slid over a rotating hook (shown rotated to the bottom below the handle). The stretched rubber band was then dipped into a can of rubber cement and inserted into the puncture hole. It was released as the tool was removed from the hole, leaving a short and thick cement-covered piece of rubber to seal the hole. Today's rubber plugs do the same thing, but they do not use Tire Repair Tools a tool with a heart in the handle.

Tool Family Trees Answers by Bob Roger

Tool Family Trees Answers: A-4, B-15, C-2, D-1, E-13, F- 6, G-12, H-7, I-9, J-5, K-11, L-3, M-10, N-8, 0-14. On knife 6, the top edge of the bowl is sharp all around. A small slit is made in theM-WTCA.ORG skin of the tomato with the edge of the bowl and the point is used to lift up a tab of skin, which is then held in the bowl by the thumb and the skin stripped off. On knife 8, both edges are sharp. The convex edge is for scraping the ink off the paper ( erasing), the flat end of the handle is for burnishing the scraped area to make it smooth again so that it will 'take' more ink without diffusing it, and the concave blade is for slitting paper along a fold. On knife #13, the outside edge is the sharp part of the blade. Its use is similar to the more common half-circle blade leather knife.

52 The Gristmill Obituaries

Shirley Sell by Kathy Valich Shirley Sell passed away on April 30, 2010, nine days Federation of Modesto for 20 years, retiring in 1997. before her 75th birthday. Shirley and husband, Lee Sell She was a kind and loyal friend to all and enjoyed life to were P.A.S.T. and M-WTCA members for many years. the fullest. She and Lee both loved collecting together Shirley will be dearly missed by all of her tool club friends and their home is decorated with her many collections. as well as her family. Along with Lee, Shirley is survived Entertaining was also a big part of her life. Shirley and by a son and daughter, their spouses, two grandsons and Lee hosted many P.A.S.T. tool meetings and always invit­ a granddaughter. ed the members for dinner the evening before the meet. She often told the story of leaving Oklahoma with her Shirley so loved the M-WTCA ladies. She thoroughly mother and father during the Great Depression. They enjoyed the auxiliary events and especially liked the won­ traveled to California, with all of their belongings packed derful tours that were planned. Museums and military in their car, and when they arrived they worked in the fruit tours were her favorites. She and Lee would also spend until her father was able to find a stable job. Shirley even­ time shopping at the antique malls that were near the tually met Lee and they were married for 37 years, enjoy­ meeting sites. Shirley loved attending the banquets and ing a wonderfully, happy marriage. would always end the evenings visiting at the hospitality Shirley did secretarial work for California Poultry events. Shirley will be in our hearts forever.

Robert Baker by John Walkowiak

Robert Baker of York, Maine passed away suddenly pear no matter what the condition and surface of on July 13, 2010. He was 56 years old. He is survived the object was. He was a master at matching the by sons Aaron and Andy and their families. existing patina. When making new parts, in wood Bob was born in Michigan, and graduated from or metal, one could be assured they would match Michigan State. After graduation he became friends and exactly and interchange with an original part. neighbors with noted tool dealer Tom Witte. Bob was inter­ He was known to refuse a job if he could not get the exact ested in a career in Museum Conservation but also wanted dimensions needed from an original, or exactly match the to go into business for himself. Tom counseled him and material of the object needing repair. told him that as a student he was used to starving, so this We, who do not have that skill would enjoy showing one of would be a good time to start a business. Tom's reasoning Bob's restorations to friends and fellow collectors and was, it would take a few years of little or no income to challenge them to find the repair. establish himself in his own business and it would be eas­ ier to face that right away than to do it after he was used He never lost his love of old furniture. He enjoyed tour­ to having a good income. ing and examining furniture collections in museums, and made beautiful reproductions of the 17th and early 18th Bob restored furniture and Tom started giving him some Century pieces he was drawn to. The materials, con­ tools to repair. That was the beginning of a 31 year career struction techniques, hardware and finish were exactly of museum quality repairM-WTCA.ORG and restoration work on tools as the originals. and scientific instruments. Tom also watched Bob build for himself an authentic 18th C. house in Michigan. Every Bob was one of our long time members and a humble, pri­ detail of the construction was historically correct and vate man. He was a real gentleman in all respects. It was done to the highest standards, of course. a privilege to know him. He was an invaluable resource to the tool collecting community. He was always happy to He was an extremely intelligent and curious man, and as talk to you and would willingly share whatever knowledge such he began making tools. He made the hand tools that he had on a subject. He will be greatly missed and remem­ he needed for his work, and he made reproductions of bered fondly by those who knew him, and he will live on some of the finest tools known. He was well known for his throughout time in the beautiful tools he created. If you accurate reproductions of wooden plow planes and is would like to send a comment or share a favorite memory known as the godfather of modem infill plane makers. His with Bob's family, an online guest book is available. Please work in wood and metal was second to none. go to our website at mwtca.org and click on the link on the The hallmark of his work however, was his attention to homepage. detail and insistence and ability to make a repair disap- September 2010 53 'Announcing. . . ,C -. ur ancestors kept their AmericanWood\.X.Metal 7 pIan es from the Collection of the D)EliaAntique Tool Museum~

This 352 page hardcover ~ my book has been produced to promote the D'Elia Antique Tool Museum and provide a keepsake for those who visit. It includes color photos with captions of some 400 planes, including many unique examples, selected to provide a broad sampling of the 1,400 planes in the museum's collections. r u;fonnatit:m. to .find a dealer in To order, please send your ":' , or to place an order~ co1ttact. name and address, along with Published by the JOHN T. KRAM R a check for $30.00 ($25.00 plus D'ELIA P.O. Box 8715/Sugar Creek, MO 6405 $5.00 s&h) to: (816) 252 9512 kramert~kramerizc.com The D'Elia Foundation www .kramerize.com P.O.Boxl64 ~~~ lfi-I'AGI

The Stanley Plane Collectors Checklist and Value Guide ********************** My Grandfather's Tools No. 2 Bench Plane I inherited my grandfather's tools

• ~T, BladeWidth1 !,4,-. weJlht22SPoundl. (mostly carpentry), but we are nearing 4,..tlit!-t),odt,t11on frib2wa,WIOCIF' • Mitnt.lt.att,..ed1869CO retirement ourselves, and downsizing ,.. , ~n.e~, ranercfbttwftf'l$J941nd$789 to a smaller home. I will keep some : STA~LI~Y ~ . S37t, Ottlerpl(efl'ldfflndOte~l15toS3SO 1 that will add nicely to my own : PLANES :

ta,dtlo,, HlW JM GOOD• 0000 GOOD- fAIII POOfl g S 1\.\1>1 H ,1>,\ L 11,i (' .. 4 collection or have sentimental value. :\rn ll1t11 ," C,,," CSA □□□□□□□ The rest - about 180 tools - all manual, ---•-----jtJK. ______mostly vintage, just plain old, quite a few genuine antiques, and several from M-WTCA.ORGthe 50s and 60s - all for sale to the highest offer received by email 21 days after publication.

To receive the list, with complete

This 261 page e-book comes on a CD. Print it, put it on your I-phone or computer, descriptions of each tool, just email me catalogue your collection, price guide, and more! The price guide is based on 2009 at [email protected]; I would be happy to eBay sales. You get one page for each plane No. 1 through No. 608. Each page provides you with a color photo of the plane that realized the highest price, the average cost, and email it to you. I prefer they fell into · more. There is plenty of room on each page to record the information on your plane the hands of folks who will genuinely and if you have more than one you can print more pages! The CD also includes more than 1,600 color photos of the No.1 through No.608 planes that had the highest prices appreciate them, like M-WTCA members. realized on eBay in 2009, and over 1,500 listings. You also get printable Plane ID Tags like the ones pictured above, 248 in all. Purchase your CD on eBay or send $23.57 to Glen Blouin (Canada) "Collector's Checklist, 13504 Buglenote Way, Spotsylvania VA 22553" ********************** 54 The Gristmill Marketplace Wanted Education Wanted WANTED: Winchester items, tools, WANTED: Booklet, drive belt and cut­ sporting goods or advertising. No ters for a Barnes Velocipede Pedal IN THE HEART firearms. Collections or pieces OK. Operated Shaper or Router. Michael OF CENTRAL ILLINOIS Please advise price and condition. Rodemeyer, P.O. Box 34, Hartsburg, AMISH COUNTRY David McDonald, 14211 Kellywood Missouri 65039. 573-657-9581 mrode­ Lane, Houston, TX 77079 (281) 558- [email protected] 5236 [email protected] Would you like to better be able to use ELI'S WANTED: Tools of any sort made by the the tools you collect? To have your ANTIQUE TOOLS Sandusky Tool Co. I don't have them all hands follow the hands of previous owners in using your tools for the tasks ---, p 214 S. Vine St. yet! Also, catalogs, advertising and related 1 they were created for? Check us out! Arthur, II 61911 material. John Walkowiak, 3452 Humboldt Just 30 Minutes South of Champaign Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55408 (612) 824- MIKE SIEMSEN'S SCHOOL OF WOOD­ 0785. [email protected] WORKING www.schoolofwood.com, Primitives• Tools• What's It Table Chisago City, MN, 651-257-9166 Eli Schrock, Owner WANTED: Wooden Bottom Planes in Wrench and Plier Collection. 39 different Phone: 217.543.2108 Fax: 217.543.2110 restorable condition and/or for parts. types valued approx. $4 75. List available. Cell: 217.254.7140 Closed Sunday My interest is repair and cleanup of Due to downsizing available for $275 plus these for appearance not value. Also shipping. Carl Bicking, 101 Carrol Gate, need source for handles (tote) and Wheaton,Ill.60189 knobs, original or reproductions. James Hansen, 2378 W Hansen Rd. Wtlcox, Az. 85643. Phone 520-384-9173, Advertising Information Cell 520-507-5184, Fax 520-384-3347

ISSUE COPY DEADLINE DISPLAY ADS - RATES March January 10 Size Cost Word Limit WANTED: Any hand forged iron tool June April 10 Full page, 4-color, ( except reaping hooks) marked I-CHRIST September July 10 ( when available) $275 900 or D.Christ. Laurent Torno 7111 Waterman December October 10 Full page $180 900 Ave. St. Louis, Mo. 63130 ljtorno­ Half page $105 450 [email protected] Tel/Fax 314-721-3911 CLASSIFIED ADS - RATES Quarter page* $60 225 $ .18 per word - ALL words. Other sizes $9.50 per column inch $3.50 minimum per ad. (1 column approx. 2-1/4" wide.) WANTED: Information ref: Hight 25 word limit. Micrometer Level, Toledo 0. The Automatic Level Co., Toledo, 0. Doug NEW POLICY: The Gristmill will no longer accept advertising for a date sensitive Thompson 1039 Princeton Ave., event, that will occur during the month of The Gristmill's publication. For example, an Modesto, Ca. 95350 Phone 209-523-3637 ad for an auction on March 25th that is to be placed in the March issue. * For layout purposes, all quarter page ads must be the following size. 3 1/2" wide X 4 7/8" tall. Always buying Always Selling Pete NiederbergerM-WTCA.ORG Typesetting and borders are not included in the page rates. Special artwork will be Used and Antique Tools and charged at cost. We must have a sketch or rough drawing indicating how you want your Parts for Same ad laid out. Camera Ready ads are accepted at no additional charge. Mail Order Call Me and Come to the Shop For your protection and complete satisfaction, ALL ads should be typewritten and dou­ 415-924-8403 pnlederber@aoLcom ble-spaced. If this is not possible, please PRINT legibly.

Payment must accompany ad. Make checks payable to M-WTCA. At this time, advertis­ A-1 LEVEL REPAIR ing will be accepted only from M-WTCA members in good standing. For infom1ation and Most brands repaired and restored membership application, contact John Walkowiak or one of the officers whose address is shown on the inside front cover of this publication. Bob and Diane Skogman 18639 - 327th Ave. Isle, MN 56342-4784 Phone: 1-320-684-2078 Send all ads to: Bill Kolm 11415 Spaulding Street Omaha, NE 68164, phone E-mail: [email protected] (402) 572-1238, E-Mail [email protected] Website: www.a1levelrepair.com "WE'RE ON THE LEVEL!"

September 2010 55 !~ '-ii,~\ 37th International Antique ~ f(,;.,·.~\1,1 Tool Sale & Auction ,~:·~~ · ,,.. · . ,7 OCTOBER 22 & 23, 2010 --- - SHERATON FOUR POINTS HARRISBURG, PA

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM starts at 9 AM on Friday morning. This year's program features well-known Stanley collector and re earcher, WaJter Jacob . Walter will be giving an extended talk on Stanley tape rule .

THE TOOL SALE is from l PM to 6 PM on Friday and feature dealers from across the country, Canada, and England. With about I 00 tables of the finest antique and u eable tools available in one place, at one time, thi is the largest non-club show in the United States. No show on Saturday.

THE AUCTION on Saturday features three great collector with three great collections. From the Ed Mills Collection we are offering an outstanding collection of Stanley-in-the-box items. The David Fessler Collection will feature a wide election of great and unusual tools from all the trades. And the Bill Phillips Collection has contributed world-renowned Pennsylvania ironwork including 15 goo ewing axe all by different Penn ylvania makers.

Some of the highlight : Lee's stop chamfer plane in gunmetal. F. Nicholson crown molder. Bailey plit frame and vertical post planes. Plus a large selection of inclinometers and levels. Many point-of-sale advertising displays. Plow planes in ro ewood, boxwood, and ebony. Boxwood and ivory rules. Patented planes by Bailey, Bladin, Gage, Phillips, Sandusky, Morris, Mayo, Sargent, Rodier, Star, Traut, Miller, and many others. Patented braces and drills. Goosewing axes. Early ironwork and kitchen wares. Log caliper with wheel. And, as always, a good selection of high-quality box lots. More than 829 lots of outstanding tools. All offered for your consideration without reservations or reserves.

LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG #37 mails early September. All tools fully described with color photos and accurately graded with estimates. Prices Realized mailed promptly after auction. Full absentee bidding available.

Please send ___ Catalog(s) for the 37th International Antique Tool Auction on October 23, 2010, $28 US & Canada. $34 USO for Overseas Airmail. Includes Prices Realized. Order both __ 2010 Auction Catalogs. $50 US & Canada. $60 USO for Overseas Airmail. Includes Prices Realized. Visa/MastercardNo. ______M-WTCA.ORGExp.Date: ______Phone: Name: Address: City:

Brown Auction Services 27 Fickett Rd. Pownal, ME 04069 PHONE: (207) 688-4962 FAX: (207) 688-4831 Order catalogs now and view items online after Sept.10, 2010 at www.FineToolJ.com