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Improving Organisational Effectiveness of Coalition Headquarters

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Improving Organisational Effectiveness of Coalition Headquarters G. S. RAKOVSKI NATIONAL DEFENCE ACADEMY DEFENCE ADVANCED RESEARCH INSTITUTE IMPROVING ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COALITION HEADQUARTERS Collection of papers, presented during the NATO Science and Technology Organization, Human Factors and Medicine Panel Lecture Series 232 September – October 2013 Yantsislav Yanakiev (Editor) Sofi a, 2014 1 © Yantsislav Yanakiev, Frederick M. J. Lichacz, Delphine Resteigne, Ann-Renee Blais Janet Sutton, Nancy Houston, Plamen Dimitrov, Nikola Stoyanov, Carol Atkinson Leedjia Svec, Iliya Marinov, Aneliya Mitkova, 2014 © Ivaylo Alexandrov Tasev, Cover, 2014 © St. George Military Publishing House, 2014 ISBN 978-954-9348-47-7 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface / 5 Yantsislav Yanakiev Improving Organisational Effectiveness of Coalition Headquarters: The Viewpoint of Subject Matter Experts and Theoretical Approach / 8 Frederick M. J. Lichacz Alignment of Structure and Process with the Operative Goals of a NATO Headquarter / 21 Frederick M. J. Lichacz Process Improvement Strategies within an Operational NATO Headquarter / 33 Delphine Resteigne & Ann-Renee Blais Improving Organisational Effectiveness of Operational Coalition Headquarters: The Impact of Cultural Dimensions / 47 Janet Sutton & Nancy Houston Leader and Team Adaptability in Coalition Teamwork / 66 Ann-Renee Blais & Delphine Resteigne The Role of the People in the Organisation: Leadership, Training, and Rotation Practices / 76 Yantsislav Yanakiev How to Reduce the Challenges of a Multinational Context? (Implications for Practice) / 92 Plamen Dimitrov Logistics Support for the Bulgarian Navy in Multinational Operations by NATO Support Agency – General Services Programme / 104 Nikola Stoyanov Model of Collaboration between Public Sector Institution Bodies in Emergency Situations / 115 3 Carol Atkinson U.S. Strategic Defence Priorities: Implications for Multinational Operations / 129 Leedjia Svec Cultural Minefi elds and Coalition Forces / 140 Iliya Marinov & Aneliya Mitkova Stressful Factors in Modern Military Operations / 153 4 PREFACE In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the factors and issues related to culture, coalitions, and multinational operations. These include: training, leadership, teamwork, command and control, inter alia. Consequently, the NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO) Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) Panel approved establishment of Lecture Series (LS) 232 titled “Improving the Organisational Effectiveness of Coalition Headquarters.” The main goal of this lecture series was to disseminate the research results of NATO STO HFM Task Group (TG) 163 which examined the factors infl uencing the effectiveness of coalition operations among academic and operational communities in NATO and partner nations. The research fi ndings of STO HFM TG-163 addressed a variety of issues related to organisational and cultural factors that are critical to effective cooperation in coalition operations with a particular focus on organisational effectiveness of NATO operational level headquarters (HQs). Three sessions of NATO STO HFM LS were carried out: one at the Rakovski National Defence Academy, Sofi a, Bulgaria; one at the Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium; and one at the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI), Patrick Air Force Base, Florida, U.S. The sessions were organised by the International Program Committee with members from Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, and the United States. This publication is an outcome of the three lecture series sessions and contains the papers presented during these sessions. The specifi c objectives of the NATO STO HFM LS-232 were: (1) to present and discuss fi ndings on critical factors (barriers and enablers) that impact effective cooperation in coalition operations; (2) to present and discuss models and tools for measuring different aspects of organisational effectiveness of operational headquarters in a multinational context; (3) to demonstrate multimedia training tools such as GlobeSmart® Commander and the Cross Cultural Competence Trainer in order to improve cultural awareness of military leaders participating in coalition operations; (4) to get feedback regarding the demands of the operational community in NATO and partner countries for additional research in the fi eld of organisational effectiveness for the improvement of coalition operations. The NATO STO HFM LS-232 covered the following basic topics: (1) viewpoints from Subject Matter Experts on how to improve organisational 5 effectiveness in coalition headquarters; (2) strategies for how to improve processes within operational NATO HQs with focus on (a) effective and timely sharing of information, (b) effective and timely decision making, and (c) shared awareness of tasks and responsibilities; (3) the alignment of structure and processes with the operational goals of a NATO HQ; (4) the role of people in organisations to include dimensions such as leadership, training, and rotation practices; (5) the role of organisational and national culture and how to improve cultural orientation, openness to diversity, and trust in coalition settings; (6) the adaptability of leaders and teams to working within multinational coalitions; and (7) how to reduce the challenges of a working within a multinational context with implications for practitioners. In addition, there was a technology demonstration of the GlobeSmart® Commander Multimedia Training Tool and the Cross-Cultural Competence Trainer in the program. Finally, several additional papers were presented during the sessions in Sofi a, Bulgaria and DEOMI Patrick AFB, FL, U.S. in order to broaden the understanding of the challenges of the multinational context. These papers cover such important topics related to operational effectiveness as: (1) logistic support in multinational environment; (2) stress and psychological support in modern military operations; (3) inter- organisational collaboration in crisis management; (3) U.S. strategic defence priorities and the implications for multinational operations; (4) cultural property protection education and training for multinational operations. Our project explicitly concentrates on the internal processes in a coalition headquarter, while the factors external to the organisation and related to the context of the operation were not examined in this study. For that reason, I consider this additional input as important enrichment of the original study results. I believe that the research results that were presented and discussed during the Lecture Series will be benefi cial for military leaders and nations, helping them to identify training gaps. These gaps can then be addressed in the Professional Military Education and future pre-deployment training, and used to improve the ways that we work in multicultural environments. This is a direct contribution to one of the basic NATO Long-Term Capability Requirements, namely Human Performance Improvement in Military Operations. In conclusion, I would like to take this opportunity to express the gratitude of the International Program Committee to Commodore (BGR-N) Dimiter ANGELOV, Commandant of the G. S. Rakovski National Defence Academy, Major-General Harry VINDEVOGEL, Commandant of Royal Military Academy and Dr. William T. YATES II, Acting Commandant of the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI) for supporting 6 this signifi cant NATO STO activity that has enabled us to meet our goals by providing an excellent environment for creative work as well as increasing the level of exchange of new experiences and new ideas among researchers and operational communities. Capt. (BGR-N) Prof. D. Sc. Yantsislav Yanakiev, NATO STO HFM Lecture Series -232 Director January 6th, 2014 Sofi a, Bulgaria 7 IMPROVING ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF COALITION HEADQUARTERS: THE VIEWPOINT OF SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS AND THEORETICAL APPROACH1 Capt (BGR-N) Prof. D.Sc. Yantsislav Yanakiev 82 Evlogi & Hristo Georgievi, Blvd., 1504, Sofi a, Bulgaria G. S. Rakovski National Defence Academy Defence Advanced Research Institute [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper summarises results out of two focus group discussions with Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). The SMEs responded to a set of pre-defi ned questions about their experiences related to: (1) impediments and enablers of organisational effectiveness in multinational environment; (2) proxy measures of mission success; (3) characteristics of an effective multinational HQ, and (4) suggestions for improving organisational effectiveness. The experts identifi ed four groups of barriers for successful cooperation in multinational operations: (1) Political- military decision making regarding participation in NATO coalition operations; (2) Internal process management in the organisation with emphasis on NATO HQ; (3) People in the defence organisation, and (4) The infl uence of the cultural differences on organisational effectiveness. The primary enablers of organisational effectiveness according to the SMEs are: (1) Introduction of processes improvement strategies in the coalition HQs; (2) Improvement of strategic decision-making processes; (3) The organisational structure improvement, and (4) Organisational culture. 1.0 BACKGROUND The paper utilises results out of two focus group discussions with Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) from the NATO School in Oberammergau, Germany, and the NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) in Norfolk, Virginia, USA, carried out in the framework of NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO) Task Group “Improving Organisational
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