UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 167 Date 15/06/2006 Time 9:27:43AM

IIIII IIII II IIII IIIIIII Ill II Ill II Ill IIIII IIIll II Ill II Ill II Ill I IIII IIIll II Ill IIIIIII Ill II Ill II Ill II Ill II Ill I IIII S-0903-0010-03-00001

Expanded Number S-0903-0010-03-00001

Title Items-in-Cyprus - documents, resolutions, reports by the Secretary-General - Security Council documents

Date Created 21/08/1974

Record Type Archival Item

Container S-0903-0010: Peackeeping - Cyprus 1971-1981

Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECUR!TY S/RES/365 (1974) COUNCIL 13 December 1974

RESOLUTION365 (1974)

Adopted by the Security Council at its 1810th meeting, on 13 December 1974

. The Security Council,

Having received resolution 3212 (XXIX) of the General Assembly on the "Question of Cyprus" (S/11557),

Noting with satisfaction that the above resolution was adopted unanimously,

l. · Endorses General Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX) and urges the parties concerned to implement it as soon as possible;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to report on t~ progress of implementation of the present resolution.

74-35741 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/RES/364 (1974) COUNCIL 13 December 1974

RESOLUTION364 (1974)

Adopted by the Security Council at its 1810th meeting, on 13 December 1974

The Security Council,

Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of 6 December 1974 (S/11568) that in existing circumstances the presence of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus is still needed to perform the tasks it is currently undertaking if the cease-fire is to be maintained in the island and the search for a peaceful settlement facilitated,

Noting from the report the conditions prevailing in the island,

Noting also the statement by the Secretary-General contained in paragraph 81 of his report that the parties concerned had signified their concurrence in his recommendation that the Security Council extend the stationing of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a further period of six months,

Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed that in view of the prevailing conditions in the island it is necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus beyond 15 December 1974,

Noting also the letter dated 7 November 1974 (S/11557) from the Secretary­ General to the President of the Security Council together with the text of resolution 3212 (XXIX) entitled "Question of Cyprus!' adopted unanimously by the General Assembly at its 2275th plenary meeting on 1 November 1974,

Noting further that General Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX) enunciates certain principles intended to facilitate a solution of the current problems of Cyprus by peaceful means, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations,

1. Reaffirms its resolutions 186 (1964) of 4 March, 187 (1964) of 13 March, 192 (1964) of 20 June, 193 (1964) of 9 August, 194 (1964) of 25 September and 198 (1964) of 18 December 1964,•201 (1965) of 19 March, 206 (1965) of 15 June, 207 (1965) of 10 August and 219 (1965) of 17 December 1965, 220 (1966) of 16 March, 222 (1966) of 16 June and 231 (1966) of 15 December 1966, 238 (1967) of 19 June

74-35736 I •• . S/RES/364 (1974) Page 2

and 244 (1967) of 22 ·December 1967, 247 (1968) of 18 March, 254 (1968) of•l8 June and 261 (1968) of 10 December 1968, 266 (1969) of 10 June and 274 (1969) of 11 December 1969, 281 (1970) of 9 June and 291 (1970) of 10 December 1970, 293 (1971) of 26 May and 305 (1971) of 13 December 1971, 315 (1972) of 15 June and 324 (1972) of 12 December 1972, 334 (1973) of 15 June and 343 (1973) of 14 December 1973, 349 (1974) of 29 May 1974. and the consensus expressed by the President at the 1143rd meeting on 11 August 1964 and at the 1383rd meeting on 25 November 1967;

2. Reaffirms also its resolution 353 (1974) of 20 July, 354 (1974) of 23 July, 355 (1974) of 1 August, 357 (1974) of 14 August, 358 (1974) of 15 August, 359 (1974) of 15 August, 360 (1974) of 16 August and 361 (1974) of 30 August;

3. Urges the parties concerned to act with the utmost restraint and to continue and accelerate determined co-operative efforts to achieve the objectives of the Security Council;

4. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, established under Security Council resolution 186 (1964) for a further period ending 15 June 1975 in the expectation that by then sufficient progress towards a· final solution will make possible a withdrawal or substantial reduction of the Force;

5. Appeals again to all parties concerned to extend their full co-operation to the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in its continuing performance of its duties. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11574 COUNCIL 13 December 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Draft resolution

The Security Council,

Having received resolution 3212 (XXIX) of the General Assembly on the "Question of Cyprus" (S/11557),

Noting with satisfaction that the above resolution was adopted unanimously,

1. Endorses General Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX) and urges the parties concerned to implement it as soon as possible;

2. · Requests the Secretary-General to report on the progress of implementation of the present resolution.

74-35781 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11573 COUNCIL 13 December 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Draft resolution

The Security Council,

Noting from the report of the Secretary-General of 6 December 1974 {s/11568) that in existing circumstances the 1resence of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus is still needed to perform the tasks it is currently undertaking if the cease-fire is to be maintained in the island and the search for a peaceful settlement facilitated.

Noting from the report the conditions prevailing in the island,

Noting also the statement by the Secretary-General contained in paragraph 81 of his report that the parties concerned had signified their concurrence in his recommendation that the Security Council extend the stationing of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a further period of six months,

Noting that the Government of Cyprus has agreed that in view of the prevailing conditions in the island it is necessary to keep the Force in Cyprus beyond 15 December 1974, ~ Noting also the letter dated 7 November 1974 (S/11557) from the Secretary­ General to the President of the Security Council together with the text of resolution 3212 {XXIX) entitled "Question of Cyprus" adopted unanimously by the General Assembly at its ~275th plenary meeting on 1 November 1974,

Noting further that General Assembly resolution 3212 (XXIX) enunciates certain principles intended to facilitate a solution of the current problems of Cyprus by peaceful means, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations,

1. Reaffirms its resolutions 186 (1964) of 4 March, 187 (1964) of 13 March, 192 (1964) of 20 June, 193 (1964) of 9 August, 194 (1964) of 25 September and 198 (1964) of 18 December 1964, 201 (1965) of 19 March, 206 (1965) of 15 June, 207 (1965) of 10 A"!.1€ust~:nd 219 (1965) of 17 December 1965, 220 (1966) of 16 March, 222 (1966) of 16 June and 231 (1966) of 15 December 1966, 238 (1967) of 19 June and 244 (1967) of 22 December 1967, 247 (1968) of 18 March, 254 (1968) of 18 June arid 261 (1968) of 10 December 1968, 266 (1969) of 10 June and 274 (1969) of 11 December 1969, 281 (1970) of 9 June and 291 (1970) of 10 December 1970, 293 (1971) of 26 May and 305 (1971) of 13 December 1971, 315 (1972) of 15 June 74-35770 I . •. S/11573 English Page 2 and 324 (1972) of 12 December 1972, 334 (1973) of 15 June and 343 (1973) of 14 December 1973, 349 (1974) of 29 May 1974, and the consensus expressed by the President at the 1143rd meeting on 11 August 1964 and at the 1383rd meeting on 25 November 1967;

2. Reaffirms also its resolution 353 (1974) of 20 July, 354 (1974) of 23 July, 355 (1974) of 1 August, 357 (1974) of 14 August, 358 (1974) of 15 August, 359 (1974) of 15 August, 360 (1974) of 16 August and 361 (1974) of 30 August,

3. Urges the parties concerned to act with the utmost restraint and to continue and accelerate determined co-operative efforts to achieve the objectives of the Security Council;

4. Extends once more the stationing in Cyprus of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, established under Security Council resolution 186 (1964) for a further period ending 15 June 1975 in the expectation that by then sufficient progress towards a final solution will make possible a withdrawal or substantial reduction of the Force;

5. Appeals again to all parties concerned to extend their full co-operation to the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in its continuing performance of its duties. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECUR~TY GENERAL s/11569 COUNCIL 6 December 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

' LETTERDATED 6 DECEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to refer to the situation in Cyprus following the successiv~ acts of aggression and invasion of the island by Turkey. In consequence of repeated violations of the Security Council resolutions for cease-fire and troop withdrawal and of solemnly signed agreements in Geneva, the area now under Turkish military occupation has been ·expanded more than tenfold that of the original cease-fire resolution with the result that 40 per cent of the territory of Cyprus and 70 per cent of its total gross output have been violently cut off from the Republic with disastrous and far~reaching economic consequences, involving grave political implications.

What is particularly ominous, however, is that this military occupation presents a system of such ge;uo_cidal features in its conception and execution as to seem almost unbelievable for our time. To find a corresponding parallel, one would have to go back through centuries of history to the times of the Huns under Attila, whose name has characteristically been chosen and given to the operation against Cyprus by those responsible for it. ,

Indeed, for the first time, a series of international crimes, rare in the annals of h~story, is currently taking place in Cyprus. The invaders are not c_0ntent with occupation and control·; they are actively and systematically engaged in a determined policy of exterminating and deracinating from their ancestral homes the Greek Cypriot people, namely 80 per cent of the indigenous population of the area, and usurping their lands, their properties, the produce of their labours and literally all their belongings with the sinister and wholly obvious aim of changing the demographic character of the island.

From an over-all review of the Turkish military occupation in Cyprus and its development, the following picture emerges:

On the morning of 20 July 1974, Prime Minister Ecevit of Turkey broadcast to the world a statement assuring of the peaceful nature of the Turkish military operation in Cyprus, the object of which, he said, was to "restore constitutionality".*

* The statement obviously had reference to th€ military coup five days earlier by the Athens junta, which violently toppled the Government and attempted to assassinate its Pre·sident, Archbishop Makarios. 74-34645 I .•. S/11569 English Page 2

Simultaneously, however, with that broadcast Turkey embarked upon a fiercely aggressive military operation against Cyprus in the furtherance of a pre-set objective to dismember the island and partition it with an eye to annexation.

In pursuance of that objective, Turkey in unchallenged command of the air and the sea - and illegally using armaments and sophisticated weapons in her possession strictly for purposes of defence under a relevant alliance agreement - launched a full scale aggressive attack against Cyprus, a small non-aligned and virtually defenceless country, possessing no air force, no navy and no army except for a small national guard. Thus Turkey's overwhelming military machine embarked upon an armed attack including napalm bombing of open towns and villages, wreaking destruction, setting forests on fire and spreading indiscriminate death and human suffering to the civilian population of the island.

The landing of the Turkish forces on the territory of Cyprus became from its inception no less ferocious in inhumanity towards. the civilian·population, in violation of all principles of international law and accepted concepts of a civilized society.

The Security Council resolution 353 and subsequent resolutions for a cease-fire - as of 22 July - immediate cessation of intervention and withdrawal of foreign troops from Cyprus were repeatedly violated by Turkey, although ostensibly accepted by her; and eqU?,lly violated was the relevant agreement solemnly signed 'oy her in Geneva on 30 July. By reason of the inability of the Security Council to take the needed action, the situation further deteriorated.

Emboldened by such Security Council inactivity, Turkey pursued with renewed vigour its aggressive attack and proceeded to send by sea and air more and more massive forces and equipment into Cyprus, with the result of a tenfold swelling of its forces in Cyprus, reaching the figure of 40,000 men ·and 400 modern tanks, pitted against 9 old tanks of a poorly equipped national guard. rt· thus became even more clearly a case not of war but of outright slaughter arid occupation; carried on before the eyes of a stunned international community and arf apa'thetic Security Council. And all this, happening for weeks on end without ·the 'exercise of any restraining influence by those who, in virture of their positiciri:-""of~·power, would be the guardians of international security and peace in the ·Mediterrari'ean and in the world.

Thus left wholly unrestrained, Turkey went on with its sinister scheme of destroying and deracinating by blood and iron a whole population of the area 'from their ancestral homes and cherished land, in which for generations they lived and died in a historic continuity over the millenia, as Stanley Cussori in hhPweil~ ·· known book on Cyprus emphasizes.

In the execution of this plan, the invader has committed international crimes, namely:

1. Cold-blooded killings through mass executions. a~fk of hundreds of innocent civilians - men, women and children ~; J.~ I ... s/11569 English Page 3 and villages, lying open to the invaders' orgy - a crime of first magnitude in international law and equally so in the domestic criminal law of every civilized nation.

2. Mass forcible transfer and deportation to Turkey of citizens of the Republic from the occupied area in violation of international law, and more specifically of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 to which both Turkey and Cyprus are parties.

3. Refusal to allow,any and all of the inhabitants who either fled or were expelled from the occupied territory to return to their homes and lands even temporarily in order to care for their dying livestock or their destroyed properties. This is in violation of general international law and of the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights. Those who did return were shot and killed outright. (See annex II for details,)

4. Forcibly barring international organizations (Red Cross and UNFICYP) from freedom of movement or entry into the occupied areas, thereby rendering impossible any humanitarian assistance by such organizations to the beleaguered Greek Cypriots, in disregard of generally recognized principles of international law and in a mann··,· defeating the very raison d'etre of these vital international organizations.

Complete destruction of all order in the administration and functions of the State in the occupied are~·and the deliberate creation of lawlessness and chaotic conditions. It was the duty of the invading Power under general international law (Hague Conventions and Regulations, 1907} to administer the territory under its occupation in accordance ,with the existing laws and rules of administration, respecting family honours and rights, individual lives, private property, religious institutions and essential liberty.

6. Expulsion and uprooting by the use of armed force of hundreds of thousands of civilians from their homes and properties in violation of international law, the Geneva Convention of 1949, the Hague Regulations of 1907 and the Protocol to the European Convention 0f Human Rights of 1950. Untold misery and suffering - physical and moral - was thereby inflicted on over 200,000 Greek Cypriots, reduced by the invader to the sad lot of displaced persons, rendered destitute, in addition to the bereavement so many had already suffered from violations of the right to life and the dignity of man.

But apart from all the inhuman acts perpetrated by the invading forces against the person, Turkey through its organs is also usurping the properties of Greek Cypriots, depriving them of the sources of their livelihood by:

(i) Illegal confiscation of all private movable and immovable property accompanied by arbitrary seizure of, and dealing with, the produce of such property in violation of customary and conventional international law and in particular of the Hague Conventions and Regulations of 1907 and the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Cases of such ''ruthless exploitation'; of occupied territories without regard to the local economy were considered by the Nuremberg Tribunal as a war crime and so treated. I ... s/11569 English Page 4

(ii) Systematic looting of houses, shops and stores, worth millions of pounds.

(iii) Arbitrary seizing, packing and transporting to Turkey for onward export the agricultural produce of the Greek Cypriots, such as lemons and other citrus fruits, carobs and olives, constituting a substantial part of the exports of the country.

(iv) Wrongfully appropriating hotels and other tourist establishments belonging to Greek Cypriots.

In addition to the above, the State of Turkey and its organs are pursuing other illegal measures in furtherance of their designs for a de facto annexation of northern Cyprus, among which are:

(a) setting up an organization to exploit oil deposits within the continental shelf of the island;

(b) promotion of plans to convert the Turkish Cypriot Co-operative Bank into a central bank, presumably with the intention of issuing currency;

(c) issuance and use of postage stamps which the postal authorities of Turkey have been accepting for purposes of mailing to other parts of the world;

(d) issuance of travel documents to Cypriot citizens travelling to Turkey in substitution of those lawfully issued by the Republic of Cyprus;

(e) transportation into Cyprus of Turkish nationals as a means for altering the demographic conditions in the island;

(f) deliberate destruction of ancient monuments including churches and their ransacking.

All the above acts can be verified by detailed reference to specific cases and corroborated by independent evidence of neutral observers. They give a clear indication of Turkey's plans to take further forcible steps to dismember Cyprus and destroy its independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. The attached annexes I to III give but a few examples of what is happening to and in Cyprus following the Turkish aggression.

The international developments in the island since last summer, as emerging from this document, are not and cannot be isolated in their effects from the rest of the world. They have not occurred in a vacuum. They are part and parcel.of ·the international life in our present-day interdependent world and are more particularly related to the sensitive area of the Middle East. What is involveq_.:•;i.Js,Jhe· · unprecedented collapse of existing international security and ord¢~)'i:ii'itlf-i!i:ll the dire implications for the world. A passive tolerance of this :c;it:JiitJori ·and inactivity by the United Nations could only mean that naked fo;r~e,,p;rev.ails unchecked. This poses a direct challenge to the United Nati<,ms and the, ~8.i:ici.2¾,tlarge. The positive or negative response to that challenge will be- a sigp.€11-l3-Sto future I ..• S/ll569 English Page 5 developments in the course of mankind leading either in the direction of international security, progress and peace, or regression to lawlessness, barbarism and war.

It is the hope of my Government that the United Nations and its Secretary­ General will find it possible to undertake the necessary remedial measures through the effective implementation of the Security Council and General Assembly resolutions on the subject.

I shall be grateful if Your Excellency will circulate this letter and annexes I, II and III as a ~ecurity Council document.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of' Cyprus to the United Nations

...... '

I •.. s/11569 English Annex I Page 1

ANNEXI

ATROCITIES

MASSEXECUTIONS AND MURDERSIN COLDBLOOD, RAPES AND OTHERINDIGNITIES

I. List of atrocities colllllUtted by the Turki~h troops against Greek Cypriots as reported by indisputably authentic international sources:

Locality and Date

Elea, Kyrenia Dist. The Turkish army having surrounded the village started 21 July 1974 firing into the houses. The villagers made no resistance and appealed to the troops to stop the shooting. After the fire ceased, all men (aged 12-85) were lined up and 12 of them shot outright.

Glykiotissa Ten National Guardsmen who gave themselves up were grossly Kyrenia ill-treated, robbed of their personal effects and then 22 July 1974 kille.a.. by shooting.

Phterykha Five persons (3 men and 2 women) of the village of Ayios Kyrenia Dist. Georghios tried to get away; caught a~ Phterykha village 20 July 1974 they were shot dead on the spot.

Mia Milia, Nicosia Out of 150 prisoners who were kept in a kiln and subjected 15 August 1974 to torture, 30 were shot down . .~ 5 mile Beach near One elderly man was shot down in his orchard despite having Karavas, Kyrenia Dist. raised his hands in a sign of surrender. 20 July 1974

Phterykha A woman, Milia Ioanni Psoma, 65, from among a group of Kyrenia Dist. old people being led from the village, having sat down 22 July 1974 overcome by fatigue, was shot dead.

Near Karavas Unidentified National Guardsman was blindfolded and then Kyrenia Dist. shot dead by 3 Turkish soldiers. The body was thereafter 23 July 1974 thrown into the sea.

Trimithi Turkish troops, having captured 5 men (aged 19-70), beat Kyrenia Dist. them up ruthlessly and killed them. During the same 24 July 1974 incident, 29 soldiers repeatedly raped 2 females (aged 28 and 30).

Near Trimithi National Guardsman Andreas Klonaros of Lapithos, 19, Kyrenia Dist. unarmed, was shot dead by Turkish soldiers. 26 July 1974 / ... s/11569 English Annex I Page 2

Locality and Date

Trimithi One woman was repeatedly raped by 2 Turkish soldiers on Kyrenia Dist. two consecutive days. 26 July 1974

Lapithos The bodies of 3 persons (wife, husband and son-in-law) who Kyrenia Dist. were shot dead were found lying in the garage. 6 August 1974

Kamaikli Out of a group of 300 prisoners the Turks picked up Nicosia Dist. 11 girls (aged 14-24) whom they raped repeatedly. l4-l9 August 1974

Famagusta A Greek Cypriot brought his daughter to the United _Nations l5 August 1974 camp, complaining that she had been repeatedly raped by a number of Turks. Following a medical examination it was proved that the girl had been repeatedly raped.

Famagusta Thirteen Greek Cypriot persons who had been under detention Prastio Junction by the Turkish troops were executed and their bodies were Lefkoniko Road found lying dead on the Famagusta road. ' . 15-16 August 19?4

Monargo A United Nations patrol was stopped by a man who complained Famagust Dist. that 1 Turkish soldier had forcibly detained his wife in 16 August 1974 the house. On approaching the house, the United Nations patrol was fired at by the Turkish soldier while the woman in a state of great distress and almost naked escaped from the house and was escorted by the patrol to safety.

Gaidouras Twelve villagers who returned to feed and water their Famagusta Dist. abandoned animals were all executed except l who managed l7 August 1974 to escape.

Famagusta UNCIVPOLfound the bodies of 4 Greek Cypriot civilians 17 August 1974 lying dead on the streets killed by bullet shots and duly reported the matter to the Turkish military. As they did not take the ·trouble even to bury the bodies, UNCIVPOL arranged for their burial the next day.

Styllos Civilian prisoners from several neighbouring villages were Famagusta Dist. gathered by Turkish soldiers at Prastio. Thirteen of 17 August 1974 those gathered were put on a lorry which set out for an unknown destination. On the way the prisoners were ordered off the lorry and shot down.

Sysklipos An 80-year-old woman was found dead in her house with Famagusta Dist. gunshot wounds on various parts of her body. ·l9 August 1971/ I •.• s/11569 English Annex I Page 3

Locality and Date

Famagusta The bodies of 2 dead persons were seen lying on their 19 August 1974 backs outside a car, killed by Turkish bullets. Investigations revealed that the bodies belonged to the brothers Michalakis Shepekis, 30, and Costakis Shepekis, 19, both from Famagusta.

Asha United Nations patrol found 70 Greek Cypriots hiding in a Famagusta Dist. hotlse, among whom there were 7 United States citizens. 19 August 197 4 All claimed that at least 6 civilians were shot dead by the Turkish troops. The United Nations patrol found some of the bodies but attempts to follow up investigation the next day were prevented by the Turkish commander.

Ayios Elias A United Nations patrol found in the street the body of Famagusta Dist. an old man who was shot in the head and that of another 19 August 1974 in the house who was shot while in bed.

Mia Milia A 60-year-old woman who chose to stay in her village was Nicosia Dist. ill-treated and raped on two occasions by 2 different 19 August 1974 Turkish soldiers . . Famagusta Town A United·- Nations patrol found the bodies of 2 Greek 19 August 1974 Cypriots shot dead.

Karavas After shooting down the owner of a bar and his two sons, Kyrenia Dist. the Turkish troops blew up the premises by mortar bombs. 21 August 1974

Fall!agusta Town A woman complained to UNFICYPthat she was raped by 21 August 1974 2 Turks in front of her two children, aged 1 and 3, on the nights of 21 and 22 August. Medical examination of the victim by the United Nations doctor determined that her genitals were badly mangled. She had bruises on several parts of her body and was suffering from severe pains from lower abdomen and back. She was unable to raise herself from her bed and was in bad psychological condition.

Tavros A United Nations patrol saw the dead body of a young girl Famagusta Dist. (name available). Eye witnesses confirmed that she was 22 August 1974 shot by a Turkish national soldier when she resisted attempt to rape her. International p~ess was in the village at that ti.me and is aware of the details.

Kyrenia Stadium Out of a group of 200 men made up of National Guardsmen 23 August 1974 and civilians who were placed in concentration in the - Kyrenia Stadium only 30 escaped death. The rest were shot down. I ... s/11569 English Annex I Page 4

II. Sufferings of those who fell into the hands of the invaderr

(a) In a letter addressed to the Security Council, the Pancyprian Committee of the Beleagured Persons complained of genocide by the Turkish forces against the Greek Cypriots who are living in the Turkish-controlled area --nd reported the following:

(i) The invading forces have separated the men from the women and children whom they hold in different concentration places under horrible and tragic conditions of living.

(ii) They are trying to condemn them to death through famine and undernourishment.

(iii) They are killing in cold blood and in groups the Greek Cypriots.

(iv) They are killing systematically in areas under their control those disabled and old persons who cannot be moved to somewhere else.

(v) They practise continuous raping of young women, most of whom have become pregnant.

(vi) They issue to the women narcotics in an attempt to addict them to narcotics.

(b) The invaders did not spare even the priests. They ill-treated priests Georghios Athanassiou of Palekythro and Elias Papaleontiou of Ashia who both ,succumed to their injuries at the Nicosia General Hospital a few days later. In the case of Reverend Ioakim Philippou of Tricomo, the circumstances of his slaying were as follows. His daughters Phanitsa (19), Maria (16) and Irini- (15) were by the use of force raped in his and his wife's presence. While trying to rescue his daughters the Reverend .was savagely beheaded by the invader rapists.

(c) In a statement made by Andromachi Stylianou Karatsioli, 65 years old, on 30 August, she said that both her daughter and herself were repeatedly raped by Turkish soldiers.

{d) On 31 August 1974, the Turkish forces·entered the village of Akhyritou, Famagusta District, and took away 15 Greek Cypriots. Later in the day the corpses of Chr. Prodromou, aged 68, and G. Georghiou Arkogiorkou, a~ed 60, were found at a distance of 500 metres north of the village. Both had their eyes taken out and their corpses filled with bullets.

(e) In a declaration he made to the police, Andreas Stylianou, building contractor of Trachoni village, who escaped from Palekythro village, where he was held as a prisoner, said that when he was captured on 14 August he was taken to a place where there were about another 150 unarmed National Guardsmen, all of whom were ill-treated and ruthlessly beaten._ "Thirty in all, 11 he said, "who fainted, as a result of the beating, we_re shot and killed." I •.. S/ll569 English Annex I Page 5

(f) From information given by a Turkish Cypriot, it has become abundantly clear that Greek Cypriot girls are used in the bars of the Turkish-controlled areas for entertaining Turkish soldiers who subject them to rapings after they give them narcotics.

{g) On 22 August 1974, during the occupation of the village of Ashia by the Turkish invading forces, Michael Kasialos, a widely known popular artist (painter} who, from sentimental attachments to his poor house, his workshop and the small village church that he had erected and painted, wished to stay on in his village under the Turkish occupation, was, however, so violently treated despite his age of 90, robbed and beateh up, that he soon after died from the serious injuries inflicted upon him. Kasialos was awarded many international distinctions, among which the Tiennale of Bratislava (1968) and the Munich exhibition of world popular artists.

(h) The United Nations spokesman said in a statement that as a result of an investigation conducted by the United Nations civil police on 29 August three dead bodies were found in a cave at Ayios Georghios Monastery Beach. Furthermore, he said that UNFICYPwas investigating the case of two Greek Cypriots who were found dead blindfolded on 3 August east of the village of Akhyritou.·

(i) It was reported by Athanasi Costea of Peristeronopighi, 16 years old, that the Turkish soldiers shot dead Panayiotis Poulli, Yiannis Brakkan and Antonis Psathan in cold blood. The soldiers then took away some other villagers in a truck, six of whom they shot and killed on the way and one of whom escaped.

(j) Constantinos Sophocleous of Mia Milia, 22 years old, reported that his son, Solom, a retarded boy, was shot dead,in cold blood by·the Turkish soldiers although they were told that he was retarded.

{k) Costas Georghiou Marangos of Ardanan, Famagusta, aged 63, reported that ~ the Turks from Topouguven, in an attempt to rape his wife, killed his granddaughter by cutting her throat because she was screaming and stabbed his wife and left in the belief that she wa3 dead.

{l) At Karpasia, the Turks are taking steps to clean up the Greek Cypriot. villages in the area. They arrest and torture women, children and old men inhumanely, and they loot houses, etc. A large number {about 2,000) of women, children and aged people of the area have been concentrated at the village of Galatia. Their living conditions are intolerable and the Turkish soldiers' behaviour unacceptable and inhumane. The residents of these areas have been calling for protection.

(m) The International Committee of the Red Cross has confirmed the information according to wh.ich all the able-bodied men of the village of Bellapais have been arrested by the Turkish army and most of them have already been sent to Turkey. The num~er of the arrested civilians amounts to about 2,000, All of them, despite the fact that they were arrested in the central square of this village and unarmed-, were· considered by Turkish authorities as ;'prisoners of war,;. I ... s/11569 English Annex I Page 6

III. Reports by the International Press

The Sun "A horrifying story of atrocities by the Turkish London, 5 August 1974 invaders of Cyprus emerged today. It was told by weeping Ilews report by: Greek Cypriot villagers rescued by United Nations soldiers. Iain Walker They told of watching their loved ones tortured and shot. They told of barbaric rape at gunpoint •.• and threats of instant execution if they struggled. The villagers are from Trimithi, Karmi and Ayios Georghios, three farming . communities west of the holiday town of Kyrenia. They bad been trapped since the fighting began two weeks ago and were only evacuated to Nicosia by the United Nations forces on Saturday. And today at a Nicosia orphanage, they told their tales .•. simply and without any prompting.

"A 20-year old girl, sitting under an icon of Jesus, described bow she was raped and watched horrified as her fiance and six other men -were shot dead in cold blood ..• a few minutes after they had been promised that they would not be harmed.

"She siaid: 'After the shooting, a Turkish soldier grabbed me and pulled me into a ditch. I struggled and tried to escape but he pushed me to the ground,

"'Another Turkish soldier -who was watching us had a nine-month-old baby in his arms and I, trying to save myself, called out that the child was mine. They laughed at me and threw the baby to the ground. I was then raped and fainted soon after.'

"Mrs. Elena Mateidou, aged 28, of Trimithi, said: 'The soldiers separated the women and children and ushered us behind some olive trees. I beard a burst of shooting and knew that they bad been killed. Later, they took us back to the village with our bands t.ied behind our backs. Two soldiers took me into a room in a deserted house and raped me. One of them held a gun at my bead and said if I struggled he would.shoot me. Later I went back to the olive groves and found the bodies of my husband and father along with five other men. My father bad been stabbed and my husband shot in the belly.' Later, United Nations soldiers brought villagers food. 'The Turks took it away', said Mrs. Mateidou.

"Another woman said: 'I watched from the bushes as they cut off my father's hands and legs below the knee with a double-edged cutting knife. At first he screamed and beat at them with his fists, but then he became quiet and did not utter a word. Then they shot him in the stomach while I watched.' / ... s/11569 English Annex I Page 7

"Farmer Christos Savva Drakos, 51, saw his wife and tv10 sons murdered. 'I was watering my orchard when the bombs started to explode', he said. 'With the rest of the village, we tried to run away through the groves and river beds but the Turks caught us and we surrendered. They searched us but no one had a gun. Then the shooting started one by one and I heard my 16-year-old boy Georgios saying in a calm voice, 'Daddy, they have shot me'. I pulled him down and we :fell behind a rock. He died there in'my arms. An officer appeared and told his men to stop. My wife and my other boy, Nicos, only 13, were dead. My :friend's wife was injured-and told the officer, 'Why should I live without my husband? Shoot me ••. ' The officer shrugged his shoulders and walked off and a soldier shot her in the head.

"If the Turkish authorities deny these allegations, I will remember the drawn face of that old man cowering in a corner. His body racked with tears. This was clearly no actor, or a man ordered to lie for political propaganda. He was a poor man who had lost everything he ever possessed or loved in the world. __ ... "Hotel manager Vassilios Efthimos was the only survivor in a party o:f men seized by the Turks. He said: 'They separated the men from the women and shot the 12 men' . Those killed ranged :from a 12-year-old boy to an old man in his 90's."

The Sun, Editorial "As the politicians vie to take credit for bringing a London, 5 August 1974 cease-fire to Cyprus, reports o:f appalling atrocities are Under the heading filtering through from that tragic island. For, while the "Shame -0n Them" peace talks went on, Turkish soldiers were killing and writ-es: terrorising innocent civilians. The behaviour of these troops will shock the world. As they are in Cyprus in the name of Turkey, that nation must immediately take action · against the animals that wear its uniform."

The Sunday Telegraph, "The mass expulsion of Greek Cypriots from several 4 August 1974, "Turks villages near Kyrenia in the Tur.kish held zone of Cyprus drive out Greek was reported by the International Red Cross in Nicosia villagers" by yesterday. H. Barry O'Brien in Nicosia "The Red Cross said all Greek Cypriots in the villages of Karmi and Trimithi had been expelled by Turkish soldiers from their homes.''

The New York Times, "United Nations officials here expressed concern today 6 August 1974 over :forcible removal of Greek Cypriot men :from their homes in areas occupied by the Turkish Invasion Army. s/ll569 English Annex I Page 8

"The officials complained that their own freedom of movement was being restricted, particularly in the area controlled by the Turkish army".

The New York Times, "Greek Cypriots from small villages around Kyrenia 6 August 1974 told stories today of murder, rape and looting by the "Villagers Driven From Turkish army after it·s invasion of Cyprus. The villagers Cyprus Homes Charge are among 20,000 civilians driven from their homes by the Murder and Rape by Turks along the northern coast of the Island. Turks" Nicosia, Cyprus "One ashen-faced man told tearfully how his wife and 5 August children were shot before his eyes by Turkish soldiers who rounded up villagers before shooting them. A married woman whose husband was shot by the Turks and a young girl who saw her fiance shot told how they were then raped at gunpoint by Turkish soldiers.

"After two weeks of living under Turkish occupation with shortages of food and facing constant harassment, more than 600 villagers from Ayios Georghios, Trimithi and Karmi were deported by the Turks to the green line which separates Greek and Turkish communities, here Saturday. More than 100 men 9etween ages 16 to 65 from the villages were herded off to prisoner-of-:war camps by the Turks."

Reports by the international press of these crimes are but a pale reflection of the indiscriminate killing, rape and massive expulsion from the area. It is authoritatively estimated that over 200,000 people have thus been uprooted from their homes, the women molested, their belongings stolen and their properties plundered. Those remaining were starved. To avoid any record of their crimes, the United Nations Peace For~e was threatened by machine guns and forcibly driven away in a further affront to the United Nations and its task in Cyprus. Similarly, the humanitarian -work of the International Red Cross in its efforts to alleviate the sufferings of the inhabitants, was deliberately prevented and nullified by that army. They were thus forcibly deprived of supplies of food and water delivered to them by the Red Cross, confiscated by the Turkish military.

IV. Criminal acts of murder and terror intended to keep away those wishing to return to their homes and property

(a) In a statement of 19 August, the Acting President of the Republic of Cyprus, Mr. Glafcos Clerides, spoke with abhorrence of the case of the seven girls taken on that day to the Nicosia General Hospital in danger of their lives, suffering from incessant hemorrhage as a result of repeated rapes. And he also referred to another atrocity of the previous day when 12 middle-aged persons from Ghaidouras, -who went back to their village in order to water their abandoned animals, were all 12 shot down in cold blood. Mr. Clerides said that one of them, al though seriously wounded, managed to escape and is now in hospital. I ..• s/11569 English Annex I Page 9

(b) On 19 August, lO inhabitants of Lyssi village ventured to go to their village in order to see to their animals. Two of them were shot and killed by the Turks and the remaining eight were taken as hostages and transported to the Turkish Cypriot village of Sinda. Their fate is unknown.

(c) On 29 August 1974, it was reported by Yiakoumi Panayi Koulis of Peristerona (Famagusta) that his son, Panayiotis, with three co-villagers went back to take care of their animals, but did not return. The next day, Koulis and his wife went to the village and found their son and the three others dead.

(d) On 13 October 1974, Nicolas Antoni Liggis, his son Antonis and Androulla Savva, all of Akhna village, walked into an ambush laid by four Turks who fired at them with automatic weapons when they returned to their village to feed their animals. As a result, Androulla Savva was seriously wounded and taken to Dhekelia Military Hospital where she was detained for treatment but succumbed to her injuries shortly after. Nothing is known about the fate of Nicolas Antoni Liggis. ·

I .•. s/11569 English Annex II Pagel

ANNEXII

LOOTINGSAND APPROPRIATION OF HOUSES, HOTELS, FARMS, STORESAND OTHERPROPERTY

(a) On 23 October, Turkish soldiers using a bulldozer broke into the grain store of Akhna village and loaded on lorries big quantities of grain, which they took away.

(b) Mrs. Ann Lane of Scotland, who lived in Lapithos at the time of the Turkish invasion, in an interview on television on 26 August, said inter alia:

"I have lost about three thousand pounds worth of stuff. They've even taken my trunks ••• I really was very, very upset. Of course, clothes you can always replace but what I saw •.•

We went to Karmi first and shared a taxi with an English lady. While I was waiting for this lady to· gq in to see her house, I went. to the church and I saw human dirt. Human dirt all over. I picked this cross, from outside in the roadside •••

I went into a few.Greek Cypriot houses and I can't tell you because I was so upset. I am absolutely shocked. Because nobody can do this to anybody's houses. These people are only poor village people. All they are thinking about is their lemons, their goats. I saw.animals all dead, thousands and thot~sands."

(c) The wife of the owner of the "Famagusta Beach" Hotel, who is a British subject, reported to the police that when she went to pick up some of her belongings ft'om the Hotel, escorted by members of UNFICYP, she saw Turkish soldiers loading a car with hotel equipment and when they tried to put on the car a television set, she intervened and asked them to leave it whereupon the Turkish soldiers broke the television set in front of her.

{d) On 26 October 1974, about 40 Turkish Cypriots, accompanied by substantial Turkish armed forces with trucks and tractors with trailers, broke into almost all houses in the village of Akhna and carried away the contents thereof to the Turkish occupied area. This activity continued into the afternoon of the same day, until almost all houses had been broken into and the articles therein had been looted.

On the same day, about 20 Turkish Cypriots, accompanied by Turkish invasion forces and trucks and other machinery, looted the village of Makrasika.

On the same day, about 20 Turkish Cypriots, guarded by Turkish armed forces, looted the village of Kalopsida.

(e) The priest of the Anglican Church of St. Andrew in Kyrenia, when asked by Turkish soldiers as to when would the British citizens return to Kyrenia, replied, "When the looting will stop". I ••• s/u569 English Annex II Page 2

(f) In the case of the Livestock Improvement Margo Project - established in concert with the UNDPin which Turkish Cypriot veterinarians were also employed - all animals, vehicles and machinery have been looted. The value of stolen property is estimated by the UNDPat $l million.

(g) Many foreign citizens have complained that their houses in Kyrenia, Karmi, Ayios Epiktitos, Klepini, Trimithi and Bella Pais, have been looted and appropriated by Turks who are living in them. Furthermore, they complain that their cars were stolen. Examples are the follo,ang cases:

(l) the country residence of the British High Commissioner, Mr. Olver;

(2) the house of Sir Charles Berkin in Kyrenia;

(3) the house of Mrs. P. Douglas William at Ayios Epiktitos; and

(4) the house of Mr. R. A. Frampton in Kyrenia.

(h) The invading forces have i~legally established Land Registry Bureaus and are issuing illegal title deed to property. A characteristic example is the reported case of an English woman wh9, having visited her house at Ayios Epiktitos, found a Turkish Cypriot settled therein who produced to her a title deed issued by the so-called "Land Registry Office" in Kyrenia.

(i) In the issues of the Turkish newspapers "Gunaydin" and "Ctimhurriyet" of l2 October 1974, one can read about the projects of Turkey to appropriate wrongfully and arbitrarily for exploitation, the industrial concerns belonging to Greek Cypriots. Similarly, "Milliet" (l5 October 1974) quotes a Turkish official saying:

"Industrial installations in the Turkish controlled area of Cyprus will come under our holding. This holding will either manage the installations directly or rent them. It will be a joint Turkish-Turkish/Cypriot venture like the one in the tourist sector "

Needless to add that such installations are the property of Greek Cypriots seized by force from them.

(j) In a confidential statement, a British citizen said that he has seen on the Famagusta-Dhekelia Road, Turks engaged in removing plates and in deleting by oxygen welding the existing engine numbers and replacing them by new ones, to some 15 passenger cars and two lorries, all belonging to Greek Cypriots. Furthermore, according to other reliable information, the Turkish forces have been engaged systematically in the illegal confiscation and sale of unused private cars belon~ing to Greek Cypriot importers and stored in the Famagusta Port.

(k) After the wholesale looting by the Turkish army of the houses and property of the Greek Cypriots, such anarchy prevailed that individual Turkish Cypriots proceeded to· loot from the looted property. Thus the Turkish Cypriot paper I .•. S/ll569 English Annex II Page 3

"Halkin Sesi" criticizes the Turkish Cypriot "Administration" for having failed to take measures to prevent the stealing and looting by Turkish Cypriots of parts of the machinery installed in the factories situated in the occupied area with the result that those factories remain useless. Similarly, the Turkish Cypriot paper "Bozkurt" says that stealing and looting have become so common that they are considered respectable actions. Continuing, the paper says that there are groups of Turkish Cypriots that have become very rich as a result of the great means and measures that have become available following the invasion (meaning by reason of the looting of the Greek properties).

(1) According to reliable information, Turkish Cypriots who were living in Limassol and Paphos settled in Kyrenia and Neapolis Nicosia, having occupied houses belonging to Greek Cypriots. In one case, a Greek Cypriot who was staying in Kyrenia was forced out of his shop when he went there to see it and was told to took for another job.

(m) The Turkish army proceeded systematically to loot all the produce of orchards, olive groves, etc. belonging to the Greek Cypriots in the occupied area and transported the stolen crops .to Turkey from where they were re-shipped and exported as Turkish produce. In relation to these unlawful actions, it is to be noted that a cargo ship coming from Mersin, Turkey, the SS Uckermark, unloaded in Hamburg on 4 November 1974, 44,231 cases of lemons described as Turkish lemons. Upon the request of the Cyprus Embassy in the Federal Republic of Germany, the country court of Hamburg issued a d~cree allowing the inspection of the citrus fruit loaded on the above vessel. On examination, it transpired that a high percentage of the lemons under the variety described by the Tur~ish exporters as "lamas" had the definite characteristics of the well-known Cyprus lemons of the "lisbon" variety of Cypriot origin. These lemons were mixed in the same wooden cases with the Turkish lemons of the "lamas" variety.

In another case at the Covent Garden Market in London, it was ascertained that of the.lemons offered for sale as Turkish, 30-50 per cent were lemons of the variety cultiv~ted in Cyprus, with a much higher juice content and completely different characteristics from the varieties grown and exported by Turkey. Again, these "lisbon" type Cypriot lemons were mixed in the same cases with Turkish lemons of the "interdonato" variety.

Another proof of the intentions of Turkey to usurp the Cyprus citrus fruit is an extract from the "Reuter Fruit Report" No. 9008 of 18 October 1.974, in which it is stated that the Turkish exports of citrus fruit, and especiall.y lemons, for 1974-1975, as have been officially estimated and declared by Turkey, are increased from 30,000 tons in 1973-1974 to 89,000 tons in 1974-1975. As it can well be appreciated, such an increase in production within a year is.impossible. The difference between the usual exports by Turkey and those declared represent approximately the looted production of Cyprus.

(n) According to the Turkish daily 11Hurriyet 11 of 24 August 1974, the Turkish Prime Minister, Mr. Ecevit, has called upon the 250,000 [siif Turks of Cypriot

I ••. s/11569 English Annex II Page 4 origin, now living in Turkey, and the 40,000 others living in England, to return to Cyprus and assured them that they would not have to worry about their housing as they could take possession of the houses abandoned by the Greeks who sought refuge in the south. It is further to be noted that the deliberate falsity of the above figures can be seen from the official statistics which show that the number of Turkish Cypriots who emigrated to Turkey since 1963 was only 209 and those who emigrated to England and other countries did not exceed 5,259.

(o) All the Turkish Cypriot dailies of 29 September give prominence to the signing of an agreement for the setting up of a tourism company with the participation of Turkish banks and finance companies for the exploitation of the stolen properties of the indigenous Greek Cypriots, among which are hotels and other touristic installations in the Turkish controlled areas of Cyprus. ) (p) In. a statement published in the Istanbul daily "Gunaydin.., of 16 October, Mr. Bener, Director-General of the Turkish Pensioners Saving Bank, said:

"The. tourist es.tablishments and hotels in Cyprus are gathered in Ifyrenia and Famagusta. Bed capacity of these establishments is twice as that in Istanbul and all are first class. Having in mind our means, if the matter was to be viewed realistically, it can be seen that we have no means to operate the~e establishments within a short period. I do not think there is any firm in the wo.rld which can operate these giant establishments alone."

I •.• s/11569 English Annex III Page 1

ANNEXIII

TURKISHARBITRARY STEPS CALCULATEDTO LEAD TO A DE FACTO ANNEXATIONOF NORTHERN CYPRUS BY TURKEY

(a) On 22 August 1974, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Mr. Denktash, arbitrarily and in violation of the Cyprus Constitution, proclaimed the establishment of an "autonomousn Turkish Cypriot Administration, and in an interview given to the Turkish Cypriot newspaper "Zaman;, on 7 September, he stated that he considered this act as the "first step" towards enforcing federation.

(b) According to the Turkish Cypriot press of 11 September, all inhabitants of the occupied region were forced to acquire identity cards, issued by the Turkish occupation authorities in disregard of the fact that they are already in possession of lawful identity cards issued to them by the Republic of Cyprus.

(c) In a statement to Reuters News Agency, on 9 September 1974, Mr. Denktash said that Turkish Cypriots can travel to Turkey without a passport, implying thereby that henceforth the occupied territory is already considered as forming part of Turkey.

(d) The Turkish pres5 of 3 October 1974, reported that the so-called "Turkish-Cypriot Ministerial Council" passed a bill according to which exchanges and banking transactions in the region under Turkish occupation shall henceforth take place on a "Turkish Lira" basis thereby purporting to abolish in the occupied area the legal currency of the Republic of Cyprus and replacing it by the currency of Turkey. '

• (e) In a circular issued by the General Manager of the Turkish Bank Ltd. announcing the establishment of a branch of the said bank in Kyrenia, Cyprus, the address was given to be as follows: Turkish Bank Ltd., Girne, Mersin 10, TURKEY. The meaning of this is that Kyrenia comes under the District of Mersin and is part of Turkey.

·(f) The Postal Acl.ministration of Turkey arbitrarily demanded from the International Postal Union that all mail communications with Cyprus should pass through Turkey, and informed residents in the occupied territory that overseas mail addressed to them -would henceforth be handled through Turkey, underlining that "Cyprus" should no longer appear in the address and that in its stead "Mersi~Tur,key" must be used. Thus, in so far as the occupied territory is concerned, Cyprus even as an existing territorial identity in the world is abolished.

(g) As published in its "official gazette" on 8 October 1974, the so-called ;,Turkish Cypriot administration" decided that the Agricultural Bank of Turkey will act as a Central Bank of the Turkish Cypriots, in foreign exchange and trade matters, t_hereby purporting wrongfully and arbitrarily to replace the constitutionally legitimate Central Bank of Cyprus. I .•• S/11569 English 'Annex III Page 2

(h) No respect whatso-ever is shown by the invaders to the sanctity of churches. A number of them have been deliberately destroyed or desecrated. Thus the Churches of Saint George in the occupied part of Nicosia and Saint Demetrios at Karamakli, after being looted, were set afire. The Church of Saint Andrew at Panagra_, after pillage, was turned into a cattle stable and sheep pen. The Saint Savior Church at Lefkonico, following theft of all its contents, was converted to a store, whilst the Churches of Panagia-tis-Glykiotissis at Lapithos, Saint George at Tricamo, Archangelos Michael at Lefkonico and Saint Nicolaos at Limnia, after being plundered, are used as mosques in disrespectful contempt of the great Moslem religion which strongly condemns and prohibits theft and sacrilege.

i UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11568 COUNCIL 6 December 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

REPORTBY THE SECRETARY-GENERALON THE UNITEDNATIONS • OPERA'I'ION.IN CYPRUS (for the period 23 May to 5 December 1974)

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION. • . . • . .. . • • • • • • • • • • • • 1: • • • • • • • • • • 2 I. THE SITUATIONIN CYPRUSFROM 23 ~.AYTO THE COUPD'ETAT ON 15 JULY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 II. OUTLINEOF EVENTSFROM THE COUPD'ETAT OF 15 JULY TO THE CEASE-FIRE OF 16 AUGUST1974 •...... ••• 2 III. SUMMARYOF UNFICYPOPERATIONS FROM THE COUPDvETAT 15 JULY TO THE CEASE-FIRE OF 16 AUGUST-1974 .... 4 IV. UNFICYPOPERATIONS FROM THE CEASE-FIRE ON 16 AUGUST UNTIL 5 DECEMBER1974 ..... 6 A. Concept of operations •.•. 6 B. Liaison and co-operation • • • • • • • • • • • 6 C. Maintenance of the cease-fire • • • • • • • • . . • . 7 D. Violations of the cease-fire by shooting incidents -/ . 7 E. Violations of the cease-fire by movement; construction of defensive positions 7 F. Mines ...... " ...... 8 G. Freedom of movement of UNFICYP 8 V. CHANGESIN THE COMPOSITIONAND DEPLOYMENTOF Ul\JFICYP 9

~ VI. LAWAND ORDER - UNCIVPOL 11 VII. HUMANITARIANAND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS. 12 , VIII. MEDIATIONEFFORT AND INTERCOMMUNAL TALKS 15 IX. SECRET.ARY-GENERAL'SVISIT TO CYPRUS,GREECE AND TURKEY 15 x. MEETINGSBETWEEN MR. CLERIDESAND MR. DENKTASH 16 XI. FINANCIALASPECTS. 17 XII. OBSERVATIONS 19 MAP: Deployment of UNFICYPin December 1974.

74-34526/1 / ... s/11568 English Page 2

INTRODUCTION

1. Since my report of 22 May 1974 on the United Nations operation in Cyprus for the period 2 December 1973 to 22 May 1974 (S/11294) and the adoption by the Security Council of resolution 349 (1974) of 29 May extending the stationing of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force (UNFICYP) for a further period ending 15 December 1974, a number of far-reaching events have taken place in the island. As requested by the Council in para.graph 7 of its resolution 353 (1974) of 20 July, I have reported to the Council, as appropriate, on the development of the situation and on the activities of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, including • emergency humanitarian assistance to the-afflicted population (S/11353 and Add.l-33, S/11433, S/11468 and Add.1-4, S/11473, S/11488 and Add.land 2). On a number of occasions I reported to the Security Council orally on urgent developments. !:_I The present report. on the United Nations operation in Cyprus should be read in • conjunction with the above-mentioned reports.

I. THE SITUATIONIN CYPRUSFROM 23 MAY TO THE COUPD'ETAT OF 15 JULY

2. The intercommunal situation was generally quiet during May, June and early July. Only minor incidents occurred, mainly in the Nicosia and Famagusta districts. Tension within the Greek Cypriot community increased during June and early July, although the military situation remained quiet. During this period UNFICYPtook special precautions to ensure, so far as possible, that intercommunal relations were not directly affected by intracbmmunal incidents.

II. OUTLINEOF EVENTSFROM THE COUPD'ETAT OF 15 JULY TO THE CEASE-FIRE OF 16 AUGUST1974

3. On 15 July 1974, the National Guard, under the direction of Greek officers, staged a coup d'etat against the Cyprus Government headed by President Makarios. In view of the seriousness of the matter in relation to international peace and security and in view of the United Nations involvement in Cyrpus, I requested the President of the Security Council on 16 July to convene a meeting of the Council (S/11334). The Permanent Representative of Cyprus also requested a meeting (S/11335). The Council met on 16 and 17 July. On 20 July, the Turkish Government, invoking the Treaty of Guarantee of 1960, launched an extensive military operation on the north coast of Cyprus which resulted eventually in the occupation of the main Turkish Cypriot enclave north of Nicosia and areas to the north, east and west of the enclave, including Kyrenia. The Security Council met on the same day and adopted resolution 353 (1974) in which it called upon all parties for a cease-fire \ and an immediate end to foreign military intervention, requested the withdrawal of foreign military personnel present otherwise than under the authority of

1/ S/PV.1779, 16 July 1974; S/PV.1781, 20 July 1974; S/PV.1782, 22 July 1974; S/PV.1783, 23 July 1974; S/PV.1784, 24 July 1974; S/PV.1785, 27 July 1974; S/PV.1787, 29 July 1974; S/PV.1788, 1 August 1974; S/PV.1793, 15 August 1974; and S/PV.1794, 16 August 1974. I .•. s/11568 English Page 3

international agreements and called on Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to enter into negotiations without delay for the observance of peace in the area and constitutional government in Cyprus. The cease-fire called for by the Council was secured at 1600 hours local time on 22 July.

4. The fighting resumed however on 23 July, especially in the vicinity of Nicosia International Airport, which, with the agreement of the local military commanders of both sides, was declared a United Nations protected area. and was occupied by UNFICYPtroops. I reported to the Council on the situation concernin~ the observance of the cease-fire and sent messages to the Prime Ministers of Turkey and Greece and to the Acting President of Cyprus, expressing my great anxiety and requesting measures to ensure observance of the cease-fire. The Council on • 23 July adopted resolution 354 (1974) reaffirming the provisions of resolution 353 (1974) and demanding that the parties comply immediately with paragraph 2 of that resolution.

5. At the 1784th meeting of the Security Council, held in the evening of 24 July, I informed the Council about the assurances I had received from the Prime Minister of Turkey that, without prejudice to its contentions as to the legality of the United Nations presence at the Nicosia airport, the Turkish Government undertook not to attempt to assume possession of the airport by force or other means of coercion.

6. · The Council met again on 27, 28 and 29 July to consider the situation in Cyprus. In addition to the Turkish advance towards Karavas and Lapithos, only minor movements forward within the walled city of Nicosia were noted in the period 30 July-13 August, although there were numerous cease-fire violations by shooting.

7. In accordance with paragraph 5 of Security Council resolution 353 (1974), the Foreign Ministers of Turkey, Greece and the United Kingdom held discussions in Geneva from 25 July 1974, and on 30 July they agreed on the text of a declaration and an attached statement. These were conveyed by the Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom to the Secretary-General, who, in turn, forwarded them to the President of the Security Council (S/11398). At the 1788th meeting of the Council • on 31 July, I expressed the hope that this agreement would be the first step to the full implementation of resolution 353 (1974), and I referred to the functions which the Declaration envisaged for UNFICYP. The Council met on this subject on 31 July and again on 1 August, when it adopted resolution J55 (1974) requesting me "to take .. appropriate action" in the light of my statement of the previous day. I immediately instructed my Special Representative and the Commander of UNFICYP to proceed with the full implementation of the role of UNFICYP as provided in resolution 355 (1974); on 10 August I reported to the Council on the efforts made in this connexion • (S/11433; see also S/11353/Add,20). In my reports to the Council, I also referred to the work of the military committee, consisting of officers from Greece, Turkey and the, United Kingdom, which had been formed under the Geneva Declaration to delineate the cease-fire positions on the ground. That committee reported to the Geneva Conference when it resumed its discussions on 12 August, but those d!scussions ended without agreement.on 14 August.

8. On the morning o·f 14 August , a second Turkish military operation was started, resulting in the occupation of most of the northern part of Cyprus from Xeros to Famagusta. / ... S/11568 English Page 4

9. The Security Council met in the early hours of 14 August and adopted resolution 357 (1974) demanding that all parties to the fighting should cease all firing and military actions and calling for the resumption of negotiations. However, the fighting in Cyprus continued almost without let-up, and on 15 August the Security Council adopted resolution 358 (1974), insisting on the full implementation of its preceding resolutions and on immediate strict observance of the cease-fire. The Council also adopted resolution 359 (1974) in which it deeply deplored tha fact that members of UNFICYPhad been killed and wounded, demanded that all parties fully respect the international status of UNFICYP and refrain from action that might endanger the lives and safety of its members, and demanded , further that all parties co-operate with UNFICYP in carrying out its tasks, including humanitarian tasks, in all areas of Cyprus and in regard to all sections of the population. In the evening of 16 August tl,c Turkish forces declared a cease-fire, which appeared to hold. On the same day, the Security Council adopted • resolution 360 (1974), recording its formal disapproval of the unilateral military actions undertaken against the Republic of Cyprus and urging the parties to comply with all the provisions of its previous resolutions and to resume without delay the negotiations called for in resolution 353 (1974).

III. SUMMARYOF UNFICYP OPERATIONSFROM THE COUPD'ETAT OF 15 JULY TO THE CEASE-FIRE OF 16 AUGUST1974

10. As a consequence of the events outlined in the preceding section, UNFICYP was faced with a new situation that was not foreseen in its mandate. As laid down by the Security Council in its resolution 186 (1964), the functions of UNFICYP were conceived in relation to the intercorirrnunal conflict in Cyprus, not to large­ scale hostilities arising from action by the armed forces of another Member State which was a guarantor Power under the 1960 treaties. The paragraphs below give an account of the response of UNFICYP to those developments.

11. On 15 July, as soon as the coup d'etat was reported, UNFICYPwas immediately brought to a high state of readiness. Additional liaison officers were deployed at all levels, and increased observation was maintained throughout the island in all areas of likely intercommunal confrontation. It was not necessary to carry out any redeployment of the Force, but certain special measures were taken to ensure the security of the Turkish Cypriot community. A few cases of firing into the Turkish enclave north of Nicosia were reported; the firing was stopped through liaison with the National Guard;, .. 12. On 20 July, the morning of the Turkish landings, UNFICYPwas placed on full alert. An increased level of observation was maintained throughout the entire island, and additional precautions were taken to safeguard isolated Turkish • Cypriot villages. The National Guard reacted to the Turkish operations by strong attacks in other parts of the island against most of the Turkish Cypriot quarters 2.nd villages simultaneously. The best UNFICYP could achieve under the circumstances was to arrange local cease-fires to prevent further damage to life and property, as the Turkish Cypriot fighters~ who were mainly deployed to protect isolated villages and town sectors, were heavily outnumbered. When the war situation made it

I . .. s/11568 English Page 5

necessary on 21 July to evacuate foreign nationals to the Sovereign Base Area at Dhekelia, UNFICYPplayed a major part in the mounting and execution of that humanitarian operation. In all areas, including the Kyrenia sector, intensified United Nations patrolling was carried out, a close watch was maintained over the battle zone and all possible efforts were made to promote the safety of civilians. As indicated in paragraph 3 above, negotiations between the parties resulted in agreement on a cease-fire with effect from 1600 local time on 22 July. ' 13. UNFICYP ende,avoured to assist the parties in making the cease-fire effective and in delineating the positions of the parties as at 1600 hours on 22 July. Additional United Nations observation posts were established in the confrontation areas, and extensive patrolling was carried out in order to maintain a United Nations presence throughout the island. The developments with regard to the Nicosia International Airport are described in paragraphs 4-5 above. Efforts to reach an agreement on the repair and reopening of the airport are continuing.

14. During that period, reinforcements from the contributing countries were requested by the Secretary-General, and those arrived between 24 July and 14 August (S/11433, para. 21), increasing the total strength of the Force by 2,078 all ranks to a total of 4,444. UNFICYPwas redeployed to meet the new situation, and two new operational districts were established on either side of the Turkish bridgehead. In the rest of the island no major redeployments were necessary, but all districts were reinforced, and the general level of surveillance throughout the island was increased accordingly. Owing to the suffering caused by the hostilities, UNFICYP undertook an increasing number of humanitarian tasks to assist the afflicted population of both communities.

15. Following the breakdown of the Geneva Conference early on the morning of 14 August, all contingents were warned that further large-scale hostilities were imminent. The fighting resumed during that day. Armoured reconnaissance units of UNFICYPmaintained observation over the battle zone wherever possible. Throughout 14 August, UNFICYP continually tried to bring about a further cease-fire, particularly within the Nicosia area. During the night from 14 to 15 August, a partial cease-fire was achieved in Nicosia to allow non-combatants to be evacuated, but by the early morning of 15 August, fighting again broke out. On the night from 15 to 16 August, a further cease-fire was achieved in the Nicosia area. Throughout this period illJFICYP made a major effort to prevent intercommunal fighting, .. but it was unable to do so in certain combat areas where UNFICYPposts had to be withdrawn. In a few such areas, killing of civilians took place. After further cease-fire negotiations, the Turkish forces declared a cease-fire at 1800 hours local time on 16 August. t

I •.• S/11568 .t:nglish Page 6

IV. UNFICYP OPERATIONSFROM THE CEASE-FIRE OF 16 AUGUSTUNTIL 5 DECEMBER1974

A. Concept of operations

16. In the area under National Guard control, UNFICYPhas continued to operate in accordance with its functions as delineated in Security Council resolution 186 (1964). The maximum possible surveillance has been maintained over that area, with particular emphasis on the lines of direct confrontation between the National Guard and the Cyprus police on the one hand and the Turkish Cypriot fighters on the other. Every effort has been made to ensure the security and safety of Turkish Cypriot villages and quarters.

17. In the areas of confrontation between Turkish forces and the National Guard, UNFICYP has tried pragmatically to maintain surveillance over the cease-fire, to report any cases of movement forward of existing lines and, as far as possible, to restrain the parties from violations. In those areas, the maximum vigilance is being exercised, and wherever possible observation posts have been established between the forward positions of the opponents. In addition, extensive patrolling has been carried out to maintain the United Nations presence and improve United Nations surveillance. To the north of the confrontation lines, in the part of the island under Turkish military control, UNFICYP operations have, for the most part, been limited to assisting in humanitarian work and, where possible, to contributing to the security of the Greek Cypriot population.

18. Finally, all contingents have been directed to support and assist the humanitarian relief operations conducted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UNFICYP itself and the International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC) .

B. Liaison and co-operation

19. Liaison with the Cyprus Government, including the National Guard and the Cyprus police, was maintained satisfactorily with only minor interruptions during and immediately after the coup d w etat. Liaison with the Turkish Cypriot· leadership has been working well. Liaison was also established, after some difficulty, with the headquarters of the Turkish forces several days after the • Turkish intervention. This liaison is now improving, and regular meetings are to be held at the Chief of Staff level. I 20. At the local level, especially in sensitive areas, UNFICYPhas endeavoured to set up effective liaison arrangements with both parties in order to help maintain the cease-fire and prevent the escalation of incidents. Problems concerning ~iaison and co-operation have been encountered with the Turkish forces, especially in the Famagusta and Lefka districts. UNFICYP is making continuous efforts to improve the situation, and during the latter half of November some improvement was noted.

I ••• s/11568 English Page 7

C. Maintenance of the cease-fire

21. Immediately after the cease-fire on 16 August 1974, an intensive patrolling programme was carried out by UNFICYP to establish and record the forward limits of the positions of both sides. A surveillance system of observation posts and patrols was then established to monitor all military activity, with particular emphasis on the sensitlve areas. There are now 130 observation posts located in the south and 36 in the north.

22. Since the cease-fire, units of UNFICYP have negotiated a large number of local cease-fire agreements, especially in the Nicosia area. To ease the situation in Nicosia, a proposal by UNFICYP to establish a neutral area between the two • parties is being discussed.

23. To ensure the security and well-being of the Turkish Cypriot population in the south, special United Nations detachments have been stationed in the vicinity of all Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages, and extensive daily patrols are covering those areas. However, efforts to afford similar security to the Greek Cypriot population in the north have not so far proved effective because of restrictions imposed by the Turkish forces on the establishment of posts and on the freedom of movement of UNFICYP patrols.

D. Violations of the cease-fire by shooting incidents

24. Although there is still an average of 27 shooting incidents every day, there has been a steady decline in such violations both numerically and in intensity over the past two months. Major exchanges of small-arms fire have tended to give way to the odd rifle shot, except for the night of 21/22 October, when a serious fire fight took place in Nicosia. It is in the Nicosia area, particularly in the diplomatic quarter in the north-west of the city, and in the areas adjacent to the northern part of the old walled city, that the majority of shooting violations now occur. In the rural area, shooting incidents have also frequently occurre~ in the Pyroi/Louroujina area, as well as in parts of Lefka district. When shooting incidents have occurred, the local United Nations units have always attempted to ascertain the facts and bring about a cease-fire through prompt negotiation. Subsequently, suitable protests have been lodged with the offending party . • E. Violations of the cease-fire by movement; construction of defensive positions

• 25. After the adoption of Security Council resolutions 357 (1974) of 14 August and 358 (1974) of 15 August, forward positions were advanced from time to time. UNFICYP endeavoured to limit such advances by establishing additional observation posts and seeking to persuade the party responsible to return to the positions held by it at 1600 hours on 16 August.

I ••• s/11568 English Page 8

26. In a number of cases, UNFICYP's observations in this regard were heeded, and the advancing troops were withdrawn. In other cases, areas occupied after 16 August are still being held. This applies in particular to Turkish advances in late August in the Pyroi area, in September in the Gallini area, from late September to mid-October north of the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, in iate October south of Famagusta in the Dherinia area, and, most recently, in the Yerolaklrns area west of Nicosia. There have also been some National Guard violations by movement which have been observed and dealt with by UNFICYP.

27. Since the cease-fire, both sides have consolidated their defensive positions, ,especially along the line of direct confrontation which marks the limit of the area under Turkish control. The extensive improvement of fortifications by both sides has tended to crystallize the military confrontation and to make future • withdrawals or redeployments more difficult to negotiate.

F. Mines

28. In the construction of their defensive positions astride the confrontation area, both sides have laid and are continuing to lay substantial anti-personnel and anti-tank minefields, Regrettably, neither side appears to be complying with normal international military procedures for marking minefields; nor is UNFICYP able to confirm that the minefields laid by either side are properly and accurately recorded.

29. The large-scale use of mines in Cyprus is a cause of grave concern and in years to come may lead to unfortunate casualties as it did in the tragic accident on 12 November, when an Australian UNFICYP civilian policeman and a Turkish Cypriot civilian were killed and five others wounded, including children.

30, A special operation is now being undertaken by UNFICYPto record in outline those areas which are known to have been mined by either side. Later, it is hoped that both sides will agree to co-operate with UNFICYPin recording in greater detail the location and composition of their respective minefields. Separate discussions have taken place between UNFICYPand the National Guard and Turkish Cypriot authorities as well as the Turkish forces, with a view to obtaining their co-operation on the recording of minefields. Meanwhile, widespread mine-laying by both sides continues. • G. Freedom of movement of UNFICYP 31. Since the start of the Turkish intervention UNFICYPhas, in general, been • restricted in its freedom of movement in areas controlled by the Turkish forces, and in several cases the Turkish military authorities have demanded the removal of UNFICYPobservation posts and camps from such areas. On 29 July, UNFICYPwas requested to remove all its personnel and posts from the area under Turkish control, but the matter was resolved following discussions between the Prime Minister of Turkey and myself. In its resolution 359 (1974) of 15 August 1974, the Security Council demanded that all parties co-operate with UNFICYPin carrying out its tasks, including humanitarian functions, in all areas of Cyprus and in regard to all sections of the population. I •• . s/11568 English Page 9

32. Since the adoption of resolution 359 (1974) and the entry into effect of the cease-fire of 16 August, UNFICYPhas made vigorous efforts to promote the safety and well-being of the civilian population of both communities who found themselves in territory under the military control of the other side. Those efforts, which have involved the establishment of observation posts, intensive patrolling and the dispatch of convoys of humanitarian relief supplies and medical assistance, necessarily have required UNFICYPto exercise its freedom of movement.

33. In the southern area, UNFICYPhas generally succeeded in safeguarding the • Turkish Cypriot population, except during the few days of large-scale fighting in July and mid-Ausust, when the personnel of some UNFICYP posts had to be temporarily withdrawn. Since 16 August, UNFICYPhas established its presence in, or frequent • patrols to, Turkish Cypriot villages and quarters in the south (see para. 23 above); it has kept the Vice-President's office informed of their requirements, helped to dispatch food and other supplies to them, provided escorts~ arranged for the evacuation or the sick and the tracing of missing persons. In the northern area the restrictions imposed by the military authorit'ies have made it difficult to carry out some of these tasks. In response to my representations to the Government of Turkey, UNFICYPhumanitarian teams distributing UNHCRand other relief supplies were granted access to the northern area, especially after mid-October, provided ·they were accompanied by a Turkish Liaison Officer. Since that time there has been a gradual relaxation of restrictions. However, TJNFICYPcontinues to be denied permission to set up observation posts or to arrange military or police patrols. The inability of the Force to provide the same protection for Greek Cypriots in the north as for the Turkish Cypriots in the south has been protested repeatedly by the Cyprus Government. Durinp: the latter part of November there were encouraging indications that restrictions imposed upon UNFICYP freedom of movement in the northern area would be further relaxed.

V. CHANGESIN THE COMPOSITIONAND DEPLOYMENT OF UNFICYP

34. Having just undergone a reduction in accordance with the Phase II reductions of the Force outlined in my report of 22 May 1974 (S/11294, paras. 10-14), UNFICYP was not sufficiently strong to meet the many and varied requirements of the new situation whieh arose after 15 July. Accordingly, I informed the Security Council at its 1782nd meeting on 22 July that it was my intention to approach the contributing countries to reinforce their contingents as a matter of urgency. The· • details of those reinforcements were published in my interim report to the Security Council pursuant to resolution 355 (1974) (S/11433, paras. 20-22; see also para. 14 above).

I . .. s/11568 English Page 10

35. The table below shows the military strength of UNFICYPas of 4 December 1974:

Military Total

AUSTRIA HQ UNFICYP, medical centre and military police 28 Infantry battalion UNAB6 292 320 CANADA HQ UNFICYPand military police 37 • Canadian airborne regiment 822 859 HQ UNFICYPand military police 18 DENMARK • Infantry battalion, UN XXII 402 420 FINLAND HQ UNF~CYPand military police 16 Infantry battalton, UN 22 583 599 IRELAND HQ UNFICYP 6 6 SWEDEN HQ UNFICYP and military police 21 Infantry battalion, UN 55C 548 UNITEDKINGDOM HQ UNFICYP and military police 153 41 commando group 602 .Armoured reconnaissance regiment - Queen's Royal Irish Hussars 318 Armoured reconnaissance squadron - Parachute squadron, RAC 85 Helicopter aviation flight, AAC 21 Helicopter squadron, RAF Transport squadron 109 Logistic support units 95 1,410 Total military personnel 4,183 Civilian police .. AUSTRALIA 34 AUSTRIA 55 DENMARK 23 • SWEDEN 40

Total civilian police 152 Total UNFICYP 4,335

The current detailed deployment of UNFICYPis shown on the map. I . •. s/11568 English Page 11

36. During the period under review UNFICYP has sustained a relatively large number of casualties, a fact which the Security Council noted and deplored in its resolution 359 (1974). The casualties occurred as follows:

Wounded Killed

23 May to 20 July 20 to 22 July (first phase of hostilities) 18 1 23 July to 14 August 3 1 • 14 August to 16 August (second phase of hostilities) 40 5 16 August to 5 December 4 2

9 Total number of UNFICYP casualties:

VI. LAWAl\TD ORDER - UNCIVPOL

37. There have been a considerable number of reports and complaints about atrocities, most of them said to have been committed during the height of the hostilities, either between 20 and 23 July or between 14 and 16 August. Complaints have been received from Greek Cypriots concerning 42 cases of killings of civilians allegedly committed by Turkish Cypriots or Turkish forces, involving the deaths of some 300 Greek Cypriots. Complaints have also been received from Turkish Cypriots concerning 20 cases of killings of civilians allegedly committed by Greek Cypriots, involving the deaths of some 195 Turkish Cypriots. These reports and complaints have been made available to both sides by UNFICYP on a confidential basis together, where possible, with UNCIVPOL's findings. UNCIVPOLinvestigations have been considerably hampered by the conflicting positions of the parties relating to full reciprocity for UNCIVPOLinvestigations in all areas. The Greek Cypriot side has insisted on full reciprocity in this regard.

38. There has been widespread looting in the wake of the hostilities as well as • disquieting reports concerning the personal safety of civilians in occupied areas, with special reference to alleged cases of rape. Wherever possible, military and police units of UNFICYP have tried to take remedial action in co-operation with the • military authorities concerned and, as appropriate, with the ICRC, but the restrictions described earlier i~ this report have seriously hampered these efforts.

39. UNCIVPOLendeavours to bring a greater atmosphere of security to the confrontation areas along the cease-fire lines, in both Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot villages. This is done by intensive patrolling, by providing escorts for farmers to cultivate their fields in sensitive areas and by establishing permanent stations.

I ••• s/11568 English Page 12

4o. One UNCIVPOLstation was established in the mixed village of Dhali in August and another in Athienou in October; since then, some 600 Greek Cypriots have returned to the latter village. Further to the south, UNCIVPOL, in conjunction with UNFICYPmilitary units, has been providing protection for isolated Turkish Cypriot villages, also by patrolling and by permanent stations.

VII. HUMANITARIANAND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

41. As a consequence of the events in July and August, approximately one third of the population of the island became homeless or otherwise in need, and the Cyprus Government requested United Nations assistance to provide relief for them. On 20 August, I designated the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, • Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, as Co-ordinator of United Nations Humanitarian Assistance for Cyprus. The High Commissioner visited Cyprus from 22 to 27 August (S/11488) and assigned a team from his Office to the island to co-ordinate the relief activities there. In consultation with the authorities in Cyprus, UNFICYP, the United Nations agencies and programmes concerned and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the UNHCRteam assessed the need for short-term emergency relief, the cost of which for the period 1 September to 31 December 1974 was estimated at $22·million. On 6 September, pursuant to Security Council resolution 361 (1974), I made an appeal for the necessary resources and financial means (S/11488/Add.l).

42. As a result of the generous multilateral and bilateral response to my appeal and the actions co-ordinated by the High Commissioner, the emergency needs of the refugees and displaced persons in Cyprus will be met for the period 1 September-31 December 1974. These needs included food, medical supplies and emergency accommodation, (tents, blankets, camp-beds, stoves, kitchen and eating utensils, etc.). On 31 October, I reported to the Security Council and transmitted to it the High Commissioner's report on developments regarding this humanitarian operation (s/11488/Add.2). Since then, supplies have continued to arrive in Cyprus and the target of $22 million for contributions in kind or in cash has been reached. The details of the assistance provided or to be provided are described in paragraph 5 to the annex of my report of 31 October.

43. The situation of the displaced Greek Cypriots in the south has gradually improved. According to the latest Greek Cypriot statistics, the total number has declined from 203,600 on 1 September to 179,000 on 21 November, as some 24,000 returned to their houses in Nicosia or near the southern side of the line indicating the limit of Turkish control. Between the same dates, the number of displaced persons who are self-supporting increased from 26,300 to 41,600 and the number of displaced persons needing assistance in food and/or accommodation • decreased from 177,000 to 137,800. These statistics also indicate that the number of such persons sheltered satisfactorily has increased since 1 September from 56,000 to 101,000; those in public buildings such as schools declined from 20,000 to 2,500, those in overcrowded housing from 81,000 to 53,000 and those in shacks remained at 8,500. Accommodation has been found for all the 33,500 who in September were living in the open. Thirteen thousand eight hundred persons are in tented camps. In addition, there are some 30,000 Turkish Cypriots in villages and enclaves in the southern area, including some 9,000 at the British Sovereign Base Area of Episkopi, some 11,000 displaced and some 7,000 needy Turkish Cypriots in the northern area, and some 15,000 Greek Cypriots in the northern area. I . .. s/11568 English Page 13

44. Co-ordination meetings are held every week by UNHCRat the Ledra Palace United Nations conference area, with the participation of diplomatic missions in Nicosia, including those of Greece and Turkey, and the Cyprus Red Cross, the Turkish Red Crescent, UNFICYP, the United Nations Development Programme, the ICRC and voluntary agencies.

45. UNFICYP has provided support for the humanitarian relief programme in co-operation with UNHCRand also UNDP, ICRC and local relief agencies. The principal activities engaged in have been deliveries of food, blankets and medicine to villages in need; checking on the condition of the displaced persons and providing information on the situation in isolated villages; giving medical assistance and arranging evacuations; providing escorts for working parties in confrontation areas and assisting in the search for missing persons~ • 46. UNFICYP has delivered a total of 647 loads of food (approximately 2,000 tons) to Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriot villages in need; 316 loads (approximitely 1,264 tons) have been delivered to Greek Cypriot villages and 308 loads (approximately 1,300 tons) to Turkish Cypriot villages. UNFICYPhas also transported 300 tons of flour and Go tons' of rice from UNHCRto the northern area. Initially, the supply was directed mainly to Turkish Cypriot villages in the south and to Greek Cypriots in the Dome Hotel at Kyrenia and in the village of Bellapais. Since September, limited access has been permitted to villages in the Famagusta district including the Karpass area, and in November a more general agreement was reached which will permit UNHCRfood to be delivered to Greek Cypriots in the north in UNFICYP vehicles on the same basis as UNFICYP deliveries to the Turkish Cypriots in the south. UNFICYP has also trans~erred medical supplies and blankets for UNHCRfrom Akrotiri base to the north. In recent weeks there has been a shortage of Red Crescent food supplies for delivery to Turkish Cypriot villages in the south. The Greek Cypriot authorities have now undertaken to provide food from their sources for Turkish Cypriot villages for as long as the shortage of Red Crescent supplies lasts. The Greek Cypriot authorities are also paying pensions to the Greek Cypriots in the north and to Turkish Cypriots in the north and the south who are entitled to such pensions.

47. Some 2,500 Greek Cypriots have been living in poor conditions in the areas in the north where they have been concentrated, though their circumstances have been alleviated recently by food supplies distributed by UNFICYP and by medical care given by ICRC medical teams. At the meeting between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash on 11 November it was agreed that about 1,500 Greek Cypriots located at Voni (WD 452 990) and Gypsos (WE 715 024) would be evacuated to the south. The evacuation of 389 Greek Cypriots from Voni was completed on 19 November. The evacuation of those at Gypsos was completed on 30 November; a total of 1,123 were moved to the south. The evacuation to the north of Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of Mandria (VD 846 588) commenced and 250 persons have been moved so far. Turkish Cypriots in the south are in the main living in reasonable circumstances except for the shortage of food mentioned and a lack of money due to unemployment. Consequent on the decision of about 96 per cent of the Turkish Cypriot prisoners/detainees to move to the north upon their release, a problem has been created in respect of their families who have remained behind. These are mostly women and old people who are in need of constant external assistance. The Greek Cypriot authorities have now agreed to pay cash allowances to Turkish Cypriots in the south on the same basis as currently paid to Greek Cypriot displace~ persons. I ••• s/11568 English Page 14

48. As indicated in my report (S/11488/Add.2, para. 10), several thousand Turkish Cypriots have moved to the northern area by their own means since August.

49. Pursuant to agreements reached between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash, provision was made for the transfer of a number of categories of people from south to north and vice versa. These include prisoners, sick and injured persons, stranded persons, children of tender age, the aged and infirm, university students, teachers and foreign passport holders. UJ\JFICYPis co-operating with ICRC in effecting the transfer of persons covered by the agreements.

50. UNFICYPmedical teams visit isolated villages and complement the efforts of ICRC medical teams, particularly in the south, as ICRC has assigned most of its teams to the north. There are still considerable restrictions on freedom of movement for UNFICYP in respect of medical assistance in the north, which means that a number of areas, particularly in the Karpass, have not a sufficient degree of medical help.

51. The exchange of prisoners and detainees was completed on 31 October 1974. A total of 5,816 prisoners was released, of whom 3,308 were Turkish Cypriots and 2,487 were Greek Cypriots. Twelve were Turkish nationals and nine were Greek nationals. Eighty-four of the Turkish Cypriots remained in the south (approximately 4 per cent) and 533 Greek Cypriots went to their villages in the north (approximately 20 per cent). UNFICYP co-operated with the ICRC in the arrangements, and the actual exchange took place on UNFICYPpremises at the Ledra Palace Hotel.

52. Following an agreement between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash, 313 Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of the mixed village of Tokhni (WD 296 490), with their animals and personal belongings, were evacuated on compassionate grounds to the Turkish Cypriot sector of Nicosia on 24 and 25 October 1974. Transport was provided and the operation was organized by UNFICYP.

53. Three hundred and twenty-five Turkish Cypriot and 106 Greek Cypriot enrolled university students who wished to study abroad were transferred by UNFICYP to their respective areas. Lists of teachers who require to be transferred from one zone to another are currently being collected by UNFICYP.

54. One of the major current issues being discussed by Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash is that of missing persons, who are said to number about 3,000. UNCIVPOL, through its Missing Persons Bureau, is co-operating with the Central Tracin~ Agency of the ICRC in intensified search operations to locate them. •

55. Regarding the supply of water and electricity, the aftermath of hostilities saw a considerable amount of disruption, particularly in electricity lines in confrontation areas. UNFICYP negotiated with technical personnel on both sides and provided escorts to enable repair work to be carried out, and is continuinV- to assist with these essential services.

56. One of the most serious consequences of the hostilities has been the damage to agriculture, particularly in the north. UNHCRhas contributed t8o,ooo towards the cost of feeding, labour, etc. for the preservation of unattended livestock in the north. Moreover, in agreement with the authorities in the north, an FAO livestock officer has been appointed who has freedom of access to all the collecting centres where the livestock has been concentrated. His reports indicate I . .. s/11568 English Page 15

that the situation of the livestock is now generally satisfactory. Citrus groves have also suffered. Considerable damage was done to the forests in the north and west. 57. UNCIVPOLhas assisted to a considerable extent in the humanitarian relief programme by providing escorts for the food convoys and for the evacuation of persons on medical and other grounds. 58. The UNHCRteam and UNFICYP are continuing their activities, in conjunction with the other international and national relief agencies, in bringing aid to those areas in greatest need and in assisting in the implementation of intercommunal aP,reements.

VIII. MEDIATIONEFFORT AND INTERCOMMUNALTALKS

• 59. The situation regarding a resumption of the mediation function under paragraph 7 of Security Council resolution 186 (1964) has remained unchanged since the last report, owing primarily to the widely differing and firmly held views of the matter of the three Governments most directly concerned.

60. At the outset of the period covered by this report and prior to the events which began on 15 July, the intercommunal talks which had been reactivated on the basis of the Secretary-General vs aide-memoires of 18 October 1971 and 18 May 1972 were re-sumed as had been agreed (S/11294, para. 58). Three meetings were held, on 11 and 18 June and 9 July.

61. At the meetings of 11 and 18 June, the Greek Cypriot representative, Mr. Clerides, and the Turkish Cypriot representative, Mr. Denktash, submitted written statements presenting their communities' views, and it was agreed that the two constitutional experts would continue their search for an agreed text on the issues still outstanding concerning local government. A further meeting took place on 9 July 1974 in the presence of Mr. Weckmann-Mufioz, my new Special Represent~tive. The meeting scheduled for 16 July 1974 did not take place on account of the coup dvetat of the previous day. ·

IX. SECRETARY-GENERALvSVISIT TO CYPRUS, GREECEAI'TD TURKEY (25-27 August 1974)

62. As previously reported to the Security Council (S/11473) I visited Cyprus, Greece and Turkey in late August to discuss the situation with the Governments concerned, the leaders of the-two communities in Cyprus and with my Special Representative, the Force Commander and the High Commissioner for Refugees, who is co-ordinating United Nations humanitarian assistance on the island. Despite current ) difficulties, I found on all sides a strong desire to achieve a negotiated settlement. My conversations in Athens and Ankara and with Acting President Clerides and Vice-President Denktash in Cyprus covered a wide range of questions. In particular, they centred on finding means for making progress towards a negotiated solution, and on the possible basis for a settlement in Cyprus. They also covered humanitarian questions, the possibility of reopening Nicosia airport for humanitarian purposes and the future role of UNFICYP.

I . .. s/11568 English Page 16

63. While in Nicosia, I arranged the first of a series of meetings between Actinc: President Clerides and Vice-President Denktash, as a means of resolving urgent humanitarian questions. I also suggested that these meetings might provide the opportunity for a discussion of the broader political issues. I was gratified to learn, after my return to New York, that all the parties concerned welcomed this second aspect of the meetings between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash as a constructive effort to pave the way for future negotiations.

X. MEETINGSBETWEEN MR. CLERIDES AND MR. DEHKTASH

64. The first meeting between Mr. Cle rides and Mr. Denktash took place in my presence on 26 August. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and my Special Representative were also present. The two leaders agreed that they would • meet at least once a week in order to review pressing humanitarian problems. Since then, and commencing on 6 September, the two leaders have met, at regular intervals, 13 times in all, and have considered a wide range of issues with the assistance of my Special Represen~ative and other United Nations officials, including a representative of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; a representative of the ICRC has also been present. The decisions reached at these meetings have given a strong impetus to the humanitarian relief programme and have greatly contributed to the amelioration of the condition of many people (see s/11468 and Add.1-4).

65. There was early agreement on a scheme for the mutual release of prisoners and detainees as proposed by ICRC, which was completed on 31 October 1974. Arrangements were also agreed upon for assisting the aged and infirm left behind in isolated villages, and for allowing sick persons, including pregnant women, to go to their respective sides for treatment in hospitals or by doctors there.

66. Agreement was also reached on the following points:

(a) to afford the possibility for enrolled university students to resume their studies abroad;

(b) to allow teachers to move with their families to take up posts allotted to them by their respective education authorities;

(c) to permit foreign nationals, including Greek and Turkish nationals, cut off by the hostilities, to return to their homes, and to give similar facilities to stranded Greek and Turkish Cypriots;

(d) to facilitate the work of ICRC in the search for missing persons; (

(e) to allow children of tender age to accompany mothers being evacuated;

(f) to co-operate with an adviser, to be appointed by UNESCO, for the preservation and restoration of cultural monuments;

I . .. s/11568 English Page 17

(g) to make tentative arrangements for the sale of the tobacco crop of Greek and Turkish Cypriot growers in the Karpass.

Most agreements have either been carried out or have reached an advanced stage of implementation.

67. All the meetings were held in a constructive and co-operative atmosphere. These meetings have usually been followed by exchanges of views between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash, in the presence of my Special Representative, on certain political aspects.

"' XI. FINANCIALASPECTS 63. Voluntary contributions in the amount of approximately $156.3 million have been paid to the UNFICYP Special Account by 55 Member States and three non-member Governments in respect of the periods from the inception of the Force on 27 March 1964 to 15 December 1974. In addition, voluntary contributions from public sources, interest earned on investment of temporarily undisbursed funds and other miscellaneous income received by the Account have totalled about $2.6 million. Accordingly, some $158.9 million have been made available to the UNFICYP Special Account towards meeting the costs of UNFICYP to the United Nations for the periods through 15 December 1974.

69. The costs to be borne by the United Nations for the operation of UNFICYP for the periods from the inception of the Force to 15 December 1974 are now estimated at $186.4 million, of which $7.7 million are the result of the recent reinforcement of the Force (see para. 34). This figure includes the direct cost to the United Nations of maintaining the Force in Cyprus, as well as the amounts to be paid to Governments providing contingents in respect of their extra and extraordinary costs for which they seek to be reimbursed by the United Nations.

70. The amount of $158.9 million so far received by the UNFICYP Special Account falls short of the requirement of $186. 4 million indicated above by approximately $27.5 million. However, in addition to the voluntary contributions that have already been paid to the Account, some $0.3 million are now expected to be received in due course against pledges made by Governments but not yet paid by them.

71. If to the amount of $158.9 million so far received the amount of $0.3 million • of anticipated receipts is· added, the receipts of the UNFICYP Special Account since March 1964 can then be expected to total approximately $159.2 million. The difference between this figure and the costs to be met of approximately $186.4 million becomes $27.2 million. Accordingly, unless additional contributions from existing or new pledges are received before 15 December 1974, the UNFICYP Special Account deficit as of that date will be $27.2 million.

72. If the Security Council should decide to extend for six months beyond 15 December 1974 the period during which the Force is to be stationed in Cyprus, it is estimated that the additional cost to the Organization for a Force at approximately its present strength, assuming continuance of present reimbursement commitments, would amount to approximately $13.7 million, as detailed below. I ••• s/11568 English Page 18

UNFICYPCOST ESTIJYT..ATEBY MAJORCATEGORY OF EXPENSE (in thousands of US dollars)

I. Operation costs incurred by the United Nations Movement of contingents ... 235 Operational expenses 1,565 Rental of premises 370 Rations . 983 Non-military personnel, salaries, travel etc. 937 • Miscellaneous and contingencies . 400 Total, part I 4,490

II. Reimbursement of extra costs of Governments providing contingents Pay and allowances 8,400 Contingent-owned equipment 700 Death and disability awards 100 Total, part II 9,200

GRANDTOTAL, parts I and II 13,690

The above costs for the next six-month period do not reflect the full cost of UNFTCYPto Member and non-member States, inasmuch as they exclude the extra costs that Members providing contingents or police units to the Force have agreed to absorb at their own expense rather than seek as reimbursement from the United Nations. My report to the Security Council of l December 1973 (S/11137) gave indicative figures of the amounts involved which, updated, would be approximately as follows: Australia, $0.2 million; Austria, $0.2 million; Canada, $1.6 million;~/ Denmark, ~;o.4 million; Sweden, $0. 7 million and United Kingdom, $2.1 million. !/ Finland is also absorbing certain UNFICYP costs at its own expense.

73. In order to finance the costs to the Organization of maintaining the Force for a period of six months after 15 December 1974 and to meet all costs and outstanding claims up to that date, it will be necessary to receive voluntary contributions to the UNFICYPSpecial Account totalling $41.9 million.

l:_/Exclusive of the normal costs of pay and allowances.

I . •. s/ll568 English. Page 20

78. In the circumstances, what UNFICYPhas done in the areas of confrontation is to try pragmatically to maintain surveillance of the cease-fire called for by the Security Council, to report any cases of movement forward and, as far as possible, to persuade the parties to refrain from violations of the cease-fire. While its presence has certainly contributed to stabilizing the military situation, Ul'JFICYP has neither the authority nor the capability to prevent major clashes between the opposing forces. UNFICYP has made continuous efforts to negotiate with the parties arrangements which will lessen the dangers of such clashes.

79. A major activity of UNFICYP at present is humanitarian relief assistance. In th1s connexion, it may be recalled that in view of the urgency and magnitude of the humanitarian needs, I designated last August the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as Co-ordinator of United Nations humanitarian assistance in Cyprus. The High Commissioner as well as the International Committee of the Red Cross have provided a large amount of assistance to those who have been uprooted or otherwise afflicted by the hostilities. UNFICYP assists and co-operates fully in these humanitarian efforts. Here I wish to express my appreciation for the generous and prompt response of Governments to my appeal for humanitarian assistance.

80. The situation in Cyprus will undoubtedly remain unstable and potentially dangerous so long as a settlement of the basic problems is not agreed upon. I am convinced that such a settlement cannot be achieved by violence but only through free negotiations among the parties cqncerned. A hopeful note has been provided by the current series of.meetings between Acting President Glafcos Clerides and Vice-President Rauf Denktash, which began during my visit to the island in late August (see s/11473). Those meetings have yielded many positive results and have greatly contributed to current humanitarian relief efforts and to the improvement of the conditions of many persons in the island, both Greek and Turkish Cypriots. It is to be hoped that the talks between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash will pave the way for future negotiations towards a settlement. I wish to express the earnest hope that such negotiations will not be long delayed.

81. In these circumstances, I consider the continued presence of UNFICYP to be essential not only to help maiptain the cease-fire called for by the Security Council, to promote the security of civilian population and to provide.humanitarian relief assistance, but also to facilitate the search for a peaceful solution of the present situation. I therefore recommend that i:.he Security Council extend the stationing of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a further period of six months. The parties concerned have signified their concurrence in this recommendation. ,

82. It will be recalled that following the events of July I took urgent measures to increase the strength of UNFICYPto meet the requirements of the new situation. With that increase, and also because of certain additional expenditures entailed by the hostilities and their aftermath, the financial situation of UNFICYPhas markedly deteriorated. I intend to give careful consideration to the desirable strength of UNFICYP in consultation with my Special Repres.entative, the Force Commander, the parties concerned and the troop contributing Governments, and

I ••. 8/11568 English Page 19

XII. OBSERVATIONS

74. The period under review was marked by the gravest crisis undergone by Cyprus since the establishment of the United Nations operation in the island in 1964.

75. Last July the quiet which had prevailed for so many years, thanks in large measure to the presence of UNFICYP, was suddenly shattered as a consequence of events which were clearly outside the purview of the United Nations Force. The coup d'etat of 15 July was followed by military intervention by Turkey and full-scale hostilities between the National Guard on one side and the Turkish Army and Turkish Cypriot fighters on the other. The Turkish armed forces are now in occupation of about 40 per cent of Cyprus. The economy of the island is seriously disrupted and one third of its population has been uprooted. The suffering and destruction caused by the fighting, including the killing of innocent civilians on both sides, have further deepened the long-standing differences and mistrust between the two communities of Cyprus.

76. This chain of events confronted UNFICYPwith a new situation not covered by its mandate, which was conceived in the context of the conflict between the two communities in Cyprus and not of military intervention by outside forces or of full-scale hostilities between two national armies. For more than 10 years, UNFICYPwas able to maintain, mainly through negotiation, persuasion and interposition, the delicate balance of forces in the island, but this balance was destroyed by the events of ·J'uJ.y and August. Following the Turkish intervention and during the ensuing hostilities, UNFICYPwas forced to withdraw from some of its positions. It returned to those positions as soon as it could do so and, wherever and whenever possible, it exerted its best efforts to minimize the consequences of the hostilities by arranging local cease-fires, protecting the population threatened by the events and extending humanitarian relief assistance to refugees and other persons in need.

77. Since the end of the hostilities, UNFICYPhas continued to carry out its peace-keeping and humanitarian tas~s to the maximum extent possible in accordance with the relevant Security Council resolutions, while adapting its operations to the requirements of the new situation. Like other United Nations peace-keeping operations, UNFICYPhas no enforcement powers arid relies mainly on negotiation and an the support and co-operation of the parties for the effective performance ~' of its duties. For many years UNFICYPhas had close liaison and sound working relationships with the Cyprus Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadership. Efforts to establish a comparable relationship with the Turkish military authorities, especially at .the local commanders' level, have been slow in producing results, with particular reference to freedom of movement. However, some progress has recently been made with regard to both liaison and freedom of movement.

/ ... s/11568 English Page 21 shall keep the Council informed of developments in this regard. It should be borne in mind that while UNFICYPderives its authority from the mandate conferred upon it by the Security Council, its effectiveness depends to a very large extent on the support and co-operation of all the parties. Resolution 3212 (XXIX) of l November 1974, in which the General Assembly "Calls upon all parties to continue to co-operate fully with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, which may'be strengthened if necessary", is relevant in this connexion.

83. The deficit in the UNFICYPbudget, which now exceeds the sum of $27 million, has become a serious problem. The recent reinforcement of UNFICYPhas contributed to this situation, but the,,,main reason for it is ·the insufficiency of voluntary contributions, which have continued to come from a disappointingly limited number of Governments.

84. In concluding this report I wish to express my deep appreciation to the Governments providing contingents for the Force as well as to those which have made voluntary contributions for its financing. Without their generous support it would not have been possible to maintain the Force. In this connexion, I should like to add a word of special thanks to the troop contributing Governments for their unswerving support during the recent crisis, particularly to those which provided additional troops at very short notice when required. I wish also to express appreciation to the Government of the United.Kingdom which, in addition to the essential logistic support it affords to the Force, has made available to UNFICYP, following the closing of Nicosia International Airport, the facilities of Akrotiri airport in the British Sovereign Base area.

85. Finally, I wish to pay special tribute to my Special Representative, Mr. L. Weckmann-Muiioz; the Commander of the force, Lieutenant-General D. Prem Chand; its officers and men, and to the civilian staff of UNFICYPfor the manner in which they have carried out their important tasks. In extremely difficult and often dangerous circumstances they have displayed remarkable ~ourage, efficiency and dedication. Nine members of UNFICYP died and 65 were wounded during the period under review while serving the cause of peace in Cyprus. To the families of the deceased and the Governments concerned I reiterate the expression of my deepest sympathy.

I •.. s/11568 English Page 19

XII, OBSERVATIONS

74. The period under review was marked by the gravest crisis undergone by Cyprus since the establishment of the United Nations operation in the island in 1964.

75. Last July the quiet which had prevailed for so many years, thanks in large measure to the presence of UNFICYP, was suddenly shattered as a consequence of events which were clearly outside the purview of the United Nations Force. The coup d'etat of 15 July was followed by military intervention by Turkey and full-scale hostilities between the National Guard on one side and the Turkish Army and Turkish Cypriot fighters on the other. The Turkish armed forces are now • in occupation of about 40 per cent of Cyprus. The economy of the island is seriously disrupted and one third of its population has been uprooted. The suffering and destruction caused by the fighting, including the killing of innocent civilians on both sides, have further deepened the long-standing differences and mistrust between the two communities of Cyprus.

76. This chain of events confronted UNFICYPwith a new situation not covered by its mandate, which was conceived in the context of the conflict between the two communities in Cyprus and not of military intervention by outside forces or of full-scale hostilities between two national armies. For more than 10 years, UNFICYPwas able to maintain, mainly through negotiation, persuasion and interposition, the delicate balance of forces in the island, but this balance was destroyed by the events of July and August. Following the Turkish intervention and during the ensuing hostilities, UNFICYPwas forced to withdraw from some of its positions. It returned to those positions as soon as it could do so and, wherever and whenever possible, it exerted its best efforts to minimize the consequences of the hostilities by arranging local cease-fires, protecting the population threatened by the events and extending humanitarian relief assistance to refugees and other persons in need.

77. Since the end of the hostilities, UNFICYPhas continued to carry out its peace-keeping and humanitarian tasks to the maximum extent possible in accordance with the relevant Security Council resolutions, while adapting its operations to the requirements of the new situation. Like other United Nations peace-keeping operations, UNFICYPhas no enforcement powers and relies mainly on negotiation and on the support and co-operation of the parties for the effective performance of its duties. For many years UNFICYPhas had close liaison and sound working relationships with the Cyprus Government and the Turkish Cypriot leadership. Efforts to establish a comparable relationship with the Turkish military l authorities, especially at the local commanders' level, have been slow in producing results, with particular reference to freedom of movement. However, some progress has recently been made with regard to both liaison and freedom of movement.

I •• • s/11568 English. Page 20

78. In the circumstances, what UNFICYP has done in the areas of confrontation is to try pragmatically to maintain surveillance of the cease-fire called for by the Security Council, to report any cases of movement forward and, as far as possible, to persuade the parties to refrain from violations of the cease-fire. While its presence has certainly contributed to stabilizing the military situA.tion, UNTi'ICYP has neither the authority nor the capability to prevent major clashes between the opposing forces. UNFICYP has made continuous efforts to negotiate with the parties arrangements which will lessen the dangers of such clashes.

79. A major activity of UNFICYP at present is humanitarian relief assistance. \. In this connexion, it may be recalled that in view of the urgency and magnitude of the humanitarian needs, I designated last August the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as Co-ordinator of United Nations humanitarian assistance in Cyprus. The High Commissioner as well as the International Committee of the Red Cross have provided a large amount of assistance to those who have been uprooted or otherwise afflicted by the hostilities. UNFICYP assists and co-operates fully in these humanitarian efforts. Here I wish to express my appreciation for the generous and prompt response of Governments to my appeal for humanitarian assistance.

80. The situation in Cyprus will undoubtedly remain unstable and potentially dangerous so long as a settlement of the basic problems is not agreed upon. I am convinced that such a settlement cannot be achieved by violence but only through free negotiations among the parties concerned. A hopeful note has been provided by the current series of meetings between Acting President Glafcos Clerides and Vice-President Rauf Denktash, which began during my visit to the island in late August (see S/11473). Those meetings have yielded many positive results and have greatly contributed to current humanitarian relief efforts and to the improvement of the conditions of many persons in the island, both Greek and Turkish Cypriots. It is to be hoped that the talks between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash will pave the way for future negotiations towards a settlement. I wish to express the earnest hope that such negotiations will not be long delayed.

81. In these circumstances, I consider the continued presence of UNFICYP to be essential not only to help maintain the cease-fire called for by the Security Council, to promote the security of civilian population and to provide.humanitarian relief assistance, but also to facilitate the search for a peaceful solution of the present situation. I therefore recommend that the Security Council extend the stationing of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus for a further period of six months. The parties concerned have signified their concurrence in this recommendation.

82. It will be recalled that following the events of July I took urgent measures to increase the strength of UNFICYP to meet the requirements of the new situation. With that increase, and also because of certain additional expenditures entailed by the hostilities and their aftermath, the financial situation of UNFICYP has markedly deteriorated. I intend to give careful consideration to the desirable strength of UNFICYP in consultation with my Special Representative, the Force Commander, the parties concerned and the troop contributing Governments, and

I . .. S/11568 English Page 21

shall keep the Council informed of developments in this regard. It should be borne in mind that while UNFICYP derives its authority from the mandate conferred upon it by the Security Council, its effectiveness depends to a very large extent on the support and co-operation of all the parties. Resolution 3212 (XXIX) of 1 November 1974, in which the General Assembly "Calls upon all parties to continue to co-operate fully with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, which may· be strengthened if necessary", is relevant in this connexion.

) 83. The deficit in the UNFICYP budget, which now exceeds the sum of $27 million, has become a serious problem. The recent reinforcement of UNFICYP has contributea to this situation, but the main reason for it is ·the insufficiency of voluntary contributions, which have continued to come from a disappointingly limited number of Governments.

84. In concluding this report I wish to express my deep appreciation to the Governments providing contingents for the Force as well as to those which have made voluntary contributions for its financing. Without their generous support it would not have been possible to maintain the Force. In this connexion, I should like to add a word of special thanks to the troop contributing Governments for their unswerving support during the recent crisis, particularly to those which provided additional troops at very short notice when required. I wish also to express appreciation to the Government of the United.Kingdom which, in addition to the essential logistic support it affords to the Force, has made available to UNFICYP, following the closing of Nicosia International Airport, the facilities of Akrotiri airport in the British Sovereign Base area.

85. Finally, I wish to pay special tribute to my Special Representative, Mr. L. Weckmann-Mufioz; the Commander of the Force, Lieutenant-General D. Prem Chand; its officers and men, and to the civilian staff of UNFICYP for the manner in which they have carried out their important tasks. In extremely difficult and often dangerous circumstances they have displayed remarkable courage, efficiency and dedication. Nine members of UNFICYP died and 65 were wounded during the period under review while serving the cause of peace in Cyprus. To the families of the deceased and the Governments concerned I reiterate the expression of my deepest sympathy •

•

I . .. -

32°30' 33°00' 33°30' 34'00' 34'30'

MEDITERRANEAN S E A

HQ UNFICYP DISTRICT HO ICANC0N) C. Andreas UNFICYPMedi Centre One Regt HQ UNFICYPWKSP Two Cdo HQ HQ BRITC0N Two HQ Coys SigTp Four RifleCoys RCT Tpt Sqn 0:1eMech Rifle Coy OneBty ICANC0NI DISTRICT HO IFINC0NI ORD Det One Armd ReeceTp OnePl (FINC0NI Bn HQ OneFd Sqn OnePl (CANC0NI 0neHQ&SigSqn One ArmdReece Sqn 35' One log Coy 35' 30' 30' NCIVPOL

One Coy IFINC0NI

DISTRICT HOIOANC0N) Bn HO Sp Coy HO RecceTp

One Pl Mal] One Pl usta Bay _ • C/VPOL (SWEOCON/ areaof Turkishconrrotl- - - - - 'Jrl~==a.:S;:,T.:;A:,._____ DISTRICT HQ ISWEDC0NI Bn HQ HQ Coy

35' 35' 00' 00'

Bay •C/VPOL(SWEOCON)

CIVPOl !SWEOCONJSub Srn CYPRUS CIVPOL(AUSCONJ D E P L O Y M E N T O F UNFICYP DECEMBER 9 7 4 CIVPOl IOANCON) S11bStn \ UNFICYP operational boundaries OL \ Rifle Coy District boundary Reqt HQ krotiri Bay CIVPOL (AUSCONlSub Sin HQ Sq11 T)fl,[ Road Herce Srin Less 1Tp .A, CIVPOL (A11strali,mJ HO One Ririe Coy Airfield, airstrip C. Gata DISTRICT HQ iBRITCONI Sovereign Base Area 34' Bn HO 30' HQ Cuy -4000-- Contour line (in feet) Twn Rifle Coys 0111:!T~1 Ri- 0 10 20 30 011~Sty RA MILES MAP NO. 1528 REV.25 UNITED NATIONS 0 10 20 30 NOVEMBER 1974 rhe baundarissshown on this map do not 1"n1plyoffici'al endorsementor acceptanceby che UnicedNations. KILOMETRES

32°30' 33'00' 33'30' UNITED N·A Tl·O NS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11559 COUNCIL 15 November 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 15 NOVEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Upon instructions from my Government, I have the honour to bring to your attention and strongly to protest the following:

The invading Turkish army, after having forced the indigenous Greek Cypriots out of their homes and properties in violation of international law and the Geneva Conventions of 1949, proceeded to acts of pillage, unlawfully and arbitrarily appropriating the produce of their lands. Part of such produce was sent to Turkey, from whence it was exported by Turkish exporting organizations to several European and other countries.

In relation to these unlawful actions, it is to be noted that a cargo ship coming from Mersin, Turkey, the SS Uckermark unloaded in Hamburg on 4 November 1974, 42,231 cases of lemons described as Turkish lemons. Upon the request of the Cyprus Embassy in the Federal Republic of Germany, the country court of Hamburg issued a decree allowing the inspection of the citrus fruit loaded on the above vessel. On examination, it transpired that a high percentage of the lemons under the variety described by the Turkish exporters as "lamas" had the definite characteristics of the well-known Cyprus lemons of the "lisbon" variety of Cypriot origin. These lemons were mixed in the same wooden cases with the Turkish lemons of the "lamas" variety.

In another case at the Covent Garden Market in London, it was ascertained that of the lemons offered for sale as Turkish, 30-50 per'-cent were lemons of the variety cultivated in Cyprus, with a much higher juice content and completely different characteristics from the varieties grown and exported by Turkey. Again, these 11lisbon 11 type Cypriot lemons were mixed in the same cases with Turkish lemons of the "interdonato" variety. As is known,~ mixture of different varieties in one case is against the European Economic Community agricultural regulations. The fact that the Turkish authorities have mixed these lemons is a strong indication of their effort to conceal from the authorities of importing countries the fact that such lemons originate from Cyprus and not Turkey.

Relevant to the matter of the usurpation by Turkey of the agricultural products of Cypriot citizens who have been forced to abandon their homes by the Turki5h invading forces is an article in the Turkish newspaper Gun Aydin of 2 November 1974, which runs as follows:

74-31173 / ... S/11559 English Page 2

"Efforts for exporting citrus fruit production of occupied areas in Cyprus are delayed. In case of any further delay these products will perish. Foreign exchange of the rate of 350 millions of 'l'urkish pounds will be secured if exportation of the Cyprus citrus fruit is attained. Interest is shown by British, German, Swiss and Yugoslavian importers.

"Citrus fruit plantations belonging mostly to Greek Cypriots are situated in Turkish-occupied areas, and European firms applied to Turkish exporters for the purchase of these products. But the Government formed a ten-member committee and decided that the e~p9rtsewill be made by 'Iibobirlik' union. Up to this moment this decision has not been applied, and exporters underline the danger of the products being lost in case of any further delay."

Another proof of the intentions of Turkey to usurp the Cyprus citrus fruit is an extract from the "Reuter Fruit Report 11 No. 9008 of 18 October 1974, in which it is stated that the Turkish exports of citrus fruit, and especially lemons, for 1974-1975, as have been officially estimated and declared by Turkey, are increased from 30,000 tons in 1973-1974 to 89,000 tons in 1974-1975. As it can well be appreciated, such an increase in production within a year is impossible. The difference between the usual exports by Turkey and those declared represent approximately the production of Cyprus.

I would be glad if Your Excellency were to circulate this letter as a Security Council document.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED, NATIONS Distr. SEC'URITY GENERAL S/ll55-7 COUNCIL 14 November 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 7 NOVE:MBER1974 FROMTHE SECRETARY-GENERALADDRESSED TO l~E PRESIDENTOF THE SECURITYCOUNCIL

I have the honour to transmit herewith the text of resolution 3212 (XXIX), entitled. "Question of Cyprus", adopted by the General Assembly at its 2275th plenary meeting on 1 November 1974.

In this connexion, I wish to draw your attention in particular to paragraph 10, in which the .General Assembly requests the Secreta~y-General to bring the resolution to the attention of the Security Council.

(Signed) Kurt WALDHEIM

...... '

.,. .

74-30902 I ••• s/11.557 English _l?age 2

General Assembly resolution-3212 (XXIX) of 1 November 1974

3212 (XXIX). Question of Cyprus

The General Assembly,

Havinp: considered the question of Cyprus,

Gravely concerned about the continuation of the Cyprus crisis, which constitutes a threat to international peace and security,

Mindful of the need to solve this crisis without delay by peaceful means, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations,

Having heard the-statements in the debate and taking note of the report of the Special Political Committee on the question of Cyprus, V

1. Calls lJ.PO~ all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and non-al~gnment of the Republic of Cyprus and to refrain from all acts. and interventions directed against it;, , 2. · Urges the speedy withdrawal of ·all' foreign armed forces and foreign military presence and.· personnel from the Republic of Cyprus, and the cessation of all foreie;n interferenceiin its affairs;

3. Considers that the constitutional system of the Republic of Cyprus concerns the Greek Cypri~t .and Turkish Cypriot communities;

4. Commends the contacts and negotiations taking place on an equal footing, with tbe good offices of the Secretary-General, between the representatives of the two comm.unities, and calls for their continuation with a view to reaching freely a mutually acceptable political settlement, based on their fundamental and legitimate rights;

5. Considers that all the refugees should return to their homes in safety and calls upon the parties concerned to undertake urgent measures to that end;

-6-. Expresses the hope that, if necessary, further_ efforts including negotiations can take place, within the framework of the United Nations, for the purpose of implementing t~e provisions of the present resolution, thus ensuring to the Republic o:f Cyprus its fundamental right to indepena.ence, sovereignty and territorial ·integrity;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide United Nations humanitarian assistance to all parts of the population of Cyprus-and calls upon - all Sta-t;es to contribute to that effort;

l/ A/9820. I ••. S/11557 English Page 3

8. Calls upon all parties to continue to co-operate fully with the United Nations. Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, which may be strengthened if necessary;

9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to lend his good offices to the parties concerned;

10. Further requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of the Security Council. UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11556 COUNCIL 12 November 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 6 NOVEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF GREECE TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Further to my letter dated 26 October 1974 and circulated as a document of the General Assembly and of the Security Council (A/9816-s/11548), I have ~he honour to inform you that on 31 October 1974, Turkish units were still maintaining the positions they occupied near Derynia since 24/25 of the same month, after having advanced several hundred metres in violation of the cease-fire in Cyprus. Not only had the Turkish armed forces not withdrawn to their previous positions but, in some cases, they had advanced further; they were entrenching and placing barbed wire in their new positions. This situation has resulted in the encircling with Turkish barbed wire of the UNFICYPpost stationed in the said area.

My Government considers the above as being a manifest and typical violation of the cease-fire by the Turkish army in Cyprus.

I would be grateful if you could circulate this letter as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Denis CARAYANNIS Ambassador Permanent Representative of Greece

74-30547 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11553 COUNCIL 6 November 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED6 NOVEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to Your Excellency's notice and to protest strongly the following facts which furnish additional illustrations of the methods and intentions of the Turkish occupation forces in Cyprus.

According to reliable information, the Turkish forces have been engaged systematically in the illegal ccnfiscation and sale of unused private cars belonging to Greek Cypriot importers and stored in the Famagusta port. Of these, saloon type cars have been converted to the use of the officers of the occupation forces while all other passenger cars, lorries and vans have been shipped to Turkey after having their engine numbers and other distinguishing characteristics deleted to avoid identification. This has been attested by uncontestably reliable eye witnesses. According to their testimony they have seen on the Famagusta­ Dekelia road, Turks engaged in removing number plates and in deleting by oxygen welding the existing engine numbers and replacing them with new ones. Some 15 passenger cars and two lorries were observed on this particular occasion.

At the same time, it has been established that the Turkish Cypriot leadership have illegally invited tenders for the leasing out of farms and lands belonging to Greek Cypriots which are located in the areas occupied by the Turkish forces.

I should be glad if. this letter would be circulated as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-29853 I\,,

UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11552 COUNCIL 6 November 1974 'ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED6 NOVEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO ~HE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Upon instructions from my Government, I have the honour t9 bring to your attention and to strongly protest the following violations of ~he Geneva. Conventions of 1949 and of international law committed by the Turkish invading 'forces and their instruments in the occupied territory.

1., The Church of St. George of Trikomou has been arbitrarily taken over by the Turkish invasion·forces and converted into a mosque.

2. Turkish soldiers entered Ayia Marina Church, east of Dherynia village and after smashing the icons and the pews, set fire to them.

3. The invading forces are ill_egally issuing Turkish identity cards with different colours for Greek Cypriots in the Turkish occupied area, the latter being pressu~ed to seek refuge in Southern Cyprus, or to acquire Turkish identity cards.

4. They are furthermore illegally issuing title-deeds to property. A characteristic example is the reported case of an Englishwoman who, having visited her house in Ayiou Epihtitou, found a Turkish Cypriot settled therein. This Turkish Cypriot produced to her a title-deed issued by a so-called "Land Registry Office" in Kyrenia.

5. In addition, the Turkish occupation forces commit the following acts:

A. Steal the agric1,1.ltural produce of killed or uprooted Greek Cypriots who are deprived of means of subsistence;

B. Steal and transport to Turkey household effects, furniture, machines, church icons, private motor-vehicles, trucks, tractors, animals, etc.;

C. Occupy Greek Cypriots' shops and houses;

D. Illegally take over Greek Cypriot hotels.

Not only that these developments aFe contradictory to the Turkish Government's professed purpose for a peaceful sol~tion, but also every such additional Turkish action creates conditions that r~duce any hope of finding a political solution.

74-29848 I ••• 1 S/11552 English Page 2

I would be glad if Your Excellency were to circulate this letter as a Security Council document.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

I _.,,1 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/RES/3212 (XXIX) ASSEMBLY 5 November 1974

Twenty-ninth session Agenda ·item 110

RESOLUTIONADOPTED BY THE GENERALASSEMBLY

/without reference to a Main Committee (A/L.739 and Add.1)/

3212 ( XXIX)• Question of Cy:prus

The General Assembly, ..

Having considered the question of Cyprus,·

Gravely concerned about the continuation of the Cyprus crisis, which constitutes a threat to international peace and security,

Mindful of the need to solve this crisis without delay by peaceful means, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations,

Having heard the statements in the debate and taking note of the report of the Special Political Committee on the question of Cyprus, 1./

1. Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Republic of Cyprus and to refrain from all acts and interventions directed against it;

2. Urges the speedy withdrawal of all foreign armed forces and foreign military presence and personnel from the Republic of Cyprus, and the cessation of all foreign interference in its affairs;

3. Considers that the constitutional system of the Republic of Cyprus concerns the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities;

4. Commends the contacts and negotiations taking place on an equal footing, with the good offices of the Secretary-General, between the representatives of the two communities, and calls for their continuation with a view to reaching freely a mutually acceptable political settlement, based on their fundamental and legitimate rights;

1/ A/9820. 74-29726 I ••• A/RES/3212 (XXIX) Page 2

5. Considers that all the refugees should return to their homes in safety and calls upon the parties concerned to undertake urgent measures to that end;

6. Expresses the ho~e that, if necessary, further efforts including negotiations can take place, within the framework of the United Nations, for the purpose of implementing the provisions of the present resolution, thus ensuring to the Republic of Cyprus its fundamental right to independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide United Nations humanitarian assistance to all parts of the population of Cyprus and calls upon all States to contribute to that effort;

8. Calls upon all parties to continue to co-operate fully with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, which may be strengthened if necessary;

9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to lend his good offices to the parties concerne~;

10. Further requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of the Security Council.

2275th plenary meeting 1 November 1974 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/9842 ASSEMBLY 1 November 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Twenty-ninth session Agenda item 110

QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 1 November 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to enclose herewith the text of an appeal on the question of Cyprus addressed to the General Assembly at its twenty-ninth session by 15 non-governmental organizations which took part in a co~ference held at Paris on 21 September 1974. These organizations were:

1. Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 2. International Student Movement for the United Nations 3. World Peace Council 4. World Federation of Trade Unions 5. Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization 6. Women's International Democratic Federation 7. Conference of Catholics in European States (Berlin) 8. World Federation of United Nations Associations (Observer) 9. International Organization of ,Journalists 10. International Organisation of Democratic Lawyers 11. International Union of Students 12. World Federation of Democratic Youth 13. World Federation of Scientific Workers 14. Federation for the Respect of Man and Humanity 15. Fraternal Union between Peoples and Races.

I would be grateful if this letter were circulated as a document of the General Assembly,

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-29877 I ... A/9842 English Annex Page 1

ANNEX

Appeal of the Meeting on International Organizations to the General Assembly of the United Nations at its twenty-ninth session

The meeting of international non-governmental organizations, convened at Paris on 21 September 1974, appeals to all States Members of the United Nations to give urgent consideration to the critical situation in the Republic of Cyprus. The coup d'etat staged by the former military junta of Greece and the subsequent invasion by the Turkish army constitute a direct threat to the smrereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. The further flagrant violations of Security Council resolution 353 (1974) of 20 July 1974 threaten the very existence of a State Member of the United Nations. The occupation of 40 per cent of the territory of the island by the Turkish army and the deliberate driving from their homes of over 220,000 men, women and children are directed to the de facto partition of the Republic in whatever form.

Such a development would create a serious precedent and deal a blow to the principle of equality among nations and the right of self-determination of peoples. It would at the same time seriously undermine the process of relaxation of tension and of detente, so much cherished by all the peoples of the world, as it is evident that behind the Cyprus tragedy lie forces which still adhere to the aggressive policies of the cold-war period. We therefore ask all States Members of the United Nations to offer the Republic'of Cyprus full, concrete and clear support at the coming discussion on the Cyprus problem in the United Nations.

We ask for the implementation of resolution 353 (1974) of the Security Council calling for the respect of the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus, for the immediate end to foreign military intervention, for the withdrawal without delay from the Republic of foreign mili~ary personnel and for the restoration of the constitutional government. We ask the permanent members of the Security Council, bearing special responsibility for the maintenance of peace and security in the world, to undertake all the necessary measures for the immediate implementation of the United Nations decisions.

It is completely unacceptable to the Cyprus people to discuss their future under the threat of mass concentration of Turkish troops, or in conditions of an internationally created huge refugee problem. It is unacceptable to the Cyprus people to enter talks on their future in closed circles of countries which bear directly heaVY responsibility for the tragedy of Cyprus. We, the representatives of hundreds of millions of people on all continents, consider it as essential in the interests of peace and security that the United Nations should take a clear stand, strongly condemning the violent aggression against the Republic. The United Nations should demand the safeguarding of the independence, the unity and the territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus, the withdrawal of all foreign troops from the island, the immediate return of the refugees to their homes and the

/ ... A/9842 English Annex Page 2 creation of such conditions under which the Cypriots by themselves, Greeks and Turks, without any foreign interference, can solve their problems.

We would support any initiative for the solution of the Cyprus problem under the auspices of the Mediterranean area and of world peace, such as that of the Soviet Union which called for an international conference with the participation of the members of the United Nations Security Council, of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and of non-aligned countries.

Aggression should not be allowed to pay. The threat against the existence of Cyprus as a sovereign independent State is real, so we ask all the Members of the United Nations to act quickly and in a concrete and definite way. '

UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL LIMITED A/L.739 ASSEMBLY 1 November 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Twenty-ninth session Ae;enda item 110

QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Algeria, India, Mali and Yugoslavia: draft resolution

The General Assembly,

Having considered the question of Cyprus,

Gravely concerned about the co~tinuation of the Cyprus crisis, which constitutes a threat to international peac_e-'and•·secur.ity,

Mindful of the need to solve this crisis without delay by peaceful means, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations,·

Having heard the statements in the debate and taking note of the report of the Special Political Committee on the question of Cyprus, 1/

1. Calls upon all States to respect the sovereignty, 1ndependence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Republic of Cyprus and to refrain from all acts and interventions directed against it;

2. Urges the speedy ~ithdrawal of all foreign armed forces and foreign military presence and personnel from the Republic of Cyprus, and the cessation of all foreign interferencedn,iitsbaffairs;

3. Considers that the constitutional system of the Republic of Cyprus concerns the Greek Cypriot and Turkish CY!)riot communities;

4. Commends the contacts and negotiations taking place on an equal footing, with the good offices of the Secretary-General, between the representatives of the two communities, and calls for their continuation with a view to reaching freely a mutually acceptable political settlement, based on their fundamental and legitimate rights; ·

!/ A/9820. 74-29346 I ••• A/L.739 English Page 2

5. Considers that all the refugees should return to their homes in safety and calls upon the parties concerned to undertake urgent measures to that end;

6. ·Expresses the hope that, if necessary, further efforts including negotiations can take place, within the framework of the United Nations, for the purpose of implementing the provisions of the present resolution, thus ensuring to the Republic of Cyprus its fundamental right to independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide United Nations humanitarian assistance to all parts of the population pf Cyprus and calls upon all States to contribute to that effort;

0 8. Calls upon all parties to continue to co-operate fully with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, which may be strengthened if necessary; • 9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to lend his good offices to the parties concerned;

10. Further requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of the Security Council. UNITED NATIONS Distr. LIMITED GENERAL A/L. 739/Add .1 1 November 1974 ASSEMBLY ENGLISH ORIGINAL: FRENCH

Twenty-ninth session Agenda item 110

QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Algeria, India, Mali and Yugoslavia: draft resolution

Addendum

Add Argentina, Guyana, Nepal, the Syrian Arab Republic and Uganda to the list of sponsors of the draft resolution;

74-29402 ¥EZ131 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11550 COUNCIL 31 October 19'{4 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 31 OCTOBER1974 FROMTHE PERM.ANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your attention the following acts of flagrant violation of the cease-fire, of international law and of the Geneva Convention of 1949 committed by the Turkish occupation forces in Cyprus:

1. On the morning of 26 October,1974, about 40 Turkish Cypriots, accompanied by substantial Turkish armed forces with trucks and tractors with trailers, broke into almost all houses in the village of Ahna and carried away the contents thereof to the Turkish-occupied area. This activity continued into the a:rternoon of the same day, until almost all houses had been broken into and the articles therein had been looted.

2. On the same day, about 20 Turkish Cypriots, accompanied by Turkish invasion forces and trucks and other machinery, looted the village of Makrasika.

3. On the same day, about 20 Turkish Cypriots, guarded by Turkish armed forces, looted the village of Kalopsida.

4. Similar lootings have been carried out to large extent all over the Turkish-occupied area.

Your Excellency is requested to see that UNFICYPhas freedom of movement in the Turkish-occupied area and that it intervenes in order to avoid similar lootings.

I should be glad if this letter could be circulated as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-29185 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/9820 ASSEMBLY 29 October 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Twenty-ninth session Agenda i tern.-110

QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Report of the Special Political Committee

Rapporteur: Mr. Hassan ABDULDJALIL{Indonesia)

1. In a letter dated 17 September 1974 (A/9743), the Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations proposed the inclusion in the agenda of the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly of aii additional item entitled "Question of Cypru~". ·

2. At its 219th meeting, on 19 September, the General Committee recommended the inclusion of the item in the agenda and, at its 220th meeting, on 20 September, decided to recommend~to the Gen~ral Assembly that the item be considered directly in plenary meetings,

3. At its 2236th plenary meeting, on 21.September, the General Assembly, on the -basis of these reco:rrrnendations of the General Committee, decided to include the item in the agenda of the· twenty-ninth session and- to consider it in plenary meetings. At its 2237th plenary meeting, held on the same day, the General Assembly also decided that, when considering the item, the Assembly would invite the Special Political Committee to meet for the purpose of·affording .representatives of the Cypriot comm.unities an opportunity to take the floor in the Committee in order to express their views and that the Assembly would then resume its consideration of the item, taking into account the report of the Special Political ·committee.

4. At its 2270th plenary.meeting, held on 28 October, the General Assembly decided to invite the Special Political Committee to hold a ma~imurn of two meetings on 29 October for the purpose of hearing the views of the representatives of the two Cypriot communities. The Assembly also decided that verbatim records should be kept of those meetings_of the Special Political Committee. Furthermore, the Assembly decided that it would resume its consideration of the item on 30 October in the morning •.

74-29000 I ••• A/9820 English Page 2

5. The Special Poli ti cal Committee held tw.o meetings on 29 October in accordance · wi~~ the above-mentioned decision of the General Assembly (see A/SPC/PV.922 and 923).

6. At its 922nd meeting, the Special Political Committee heard a-statement by Mr. Vedat A. 9elik, representative of the Turkish Cypriot community. The text of . this ·statement is reproduced in the verbatim record of the meeting.

7. At its 923rd meeting, the Special Political Committee h€ard a statement by Mr. Tassos Papadopoulqs, representative of the Greek Cypriot community. Sub:sequently, Mr .. ~~lik and Mr. Papadopoulos made further statements. Statements were also made by the representatives of Turkey,_Greece and Cyprus. The text of these statements· ·is reproduced in the verbatim record- of the meeting.

8. At the ·same meeting, the Committee decided to submit immediately a report to the General Assembly J..n ac.cordance witht the Assembly I s decision mentioned in paragraph 3 above; bearing in mind the decision of the Assembly to resume consideration of the ite:in on 30 Octob~r. UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/SPC/171 28 October 1974 ASSEMBLY ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH

Twenty-ninth session SPECIAL POLITICAL COMMITTEE Agenda i tern 110

QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 28 October 1974 addressed to the Chairman of the Special Political Committee by the President of the General Assembly

As you will recall, the General Assembly decided at its 2236th plenary meeting, held on 21 September 1974, that item 110, entitled "Question of Cyprus", would be considered in plenary meetings. At its 2237th plenary meeting, held the same day, the Assembly also decided that when considering the item it would invite the Special Political Committee to meet for the purpose of affording representatives of the Cypriot communities an opportunity to take the floor in the Committee in order to express their views; the General Assembly would then resume its consideration of the item taking into account the report of the Special Political Committee.

At its 2270th plenary meeting, held today, the General Assembly decided to invite the Special Political Committee to hold a maximum of two meetings on Tuesday, 29 October, for the purpose of hearing the views of the representatives of the two Cypriot communities. The Assembly also decided that verbatim records should be kept of those meetings of the Special Political Committee. It further decided that it would resume its consideration of the item on the morning of Wednesday, 30 October.

For the President of the General Assembly

(Signed) Alfonso GARCIAROELES Vice-President

74-28879 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL (~\ SECURITY A/9819 S/11549 ASSEMBLY 9 COUNCIL 28 October 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERALASSEMBLY SECURITYCOUNCIL Twenty-ninth session Twenty-ninth year Agenda item 110 QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 28 October 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

Upon instructions from my Government, I have the honour to inform you, and to lodge a strong protest, regarding a new grave violation of the cease-fire by the Turkish occupation forces in Cyprus which on 23 October 1974 advanced their position and established new armed control posts south of Famagusta near Dherinia.

It is also with deep regret that I have to inform Your Excellency that, in the past few days, the ancient church of Panaghi.a Glykiotossa in Lapithos, within the Turkish occupied area of Cyprus, was converted to a mosque. According to so far unverified information, other churches in the occupied part of Cyprus have also been converted to mosques.

These new developments are in direct contradiction to the Turkish Government's professed purpose for a peaceful solution, and constitute additional indications of Turkey's true intentions in Cyprus.

I would be grateful if this letter were circulated as a document of the General Assembly and the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-28850 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL SECURITY A/9818 S/11548 ASSEMBLY COUNCIL 28 October 1974

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERALASSEMBLY SECURITYCOUNCIL Twenty-ninth session Twenty-ninth year Agenda item 110 QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 26 October 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

As was confirmed by the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus during the last two days, the Turkish army in Cyprus has advanced its positions in the region of Derynia. More specifically, UNFICYP has confirmed an advancement of several hundred metres to the south of the demarcation line near Derynia and the fact that Turkish units were in the process of entrenching in the new positions. In another locality of the same region, the Turkish army, after having advanced its positions about 1,500 metres, retreated upon the arrival of the peace-keeping unit. I am sure that the above incidents were reported to you by the headquarters of UNFICYP and that the above Turkish action was duly characterized as an additional cease-fire violation by Turkey.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the General Assembly and the Security Council.

(Signed) Denis CARAYANNIS Ambassador Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations

74-28793 ~ UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL LIMITED A/L.738 ASSEMBLY 26 October l974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Twenty-ninth session Agenda item llO

QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Cyprus: draft resolution

The General Assembly,

Having considered the question of Cyprus,

Recalling its resolution 2077 (XX) of l8 December 1965 as well as the relevant resolutions of the Security Council on the question of Cyprus, in particular resolutions l86 (l964) of 4 March l964, 353 (1974) of 20 July 1974 and 360 (l974) of l6 August 1974,

Gravely concerned about the continuation of the Cyprus crisis, which constitutes a threat to international peace and security,

Mindful of the need to solve this crisis without delay by peaceful means, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations,

Emphasizing the necessity that the Republic of Cyprus should participate in all the phases of solving the cris~s,

Bearing in mind the principles and provisions of the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations 1/ and of the Declaration on the Strengthening of Internation~l Security, g_/ -

Noting the position of the Government of Cyprus that it is opposed to the annexation of the Republic of Cyprus or any part of it by any other State, or to the merger of the Republic of Cyprus or any part of it with any other State, or to its partition or division in any form,

!/ Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex. g_/Resolution 2734 (XXV).

74-28785 / • • · A/L.738 English Page 2

Deploring all acts of aggression or intervention against the Republic of Cyprus,

1. Calls upon all States to respect unconditionally the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Republic of Cyprus and to refrain from all acts of aggression and intervention directed against it;

2. Calls for the immediate withdrawal of all foreign armed forces and foreign military presence and personnel from the Republic of Cyprus and the cessation of all foreign intervention and interference in the affairs of the Republic of Cyprus;

3. Calls upon all the parties involved to take urgent measures to ensure the speedy return of all refugees to their homes in safety;

4. Considers that the constitutional system of the Republic of Cyprus is the concern of the Greek and Turkish Cypriots;

5. Commends the contacts and negotiations taking place with the good offices of the Secretary-General between the representatives of the two communities and calls for their continuation in free conditions, with a view to reaching a mutually acceptable constitutional settlement;

6. Expresses the hope that further efforts, including negotiations, can soon be freely conducted within the framework of the United Nations, ensuring to the Republic of Cyprus, for the benefit of its people as a whole, its fundamental right to independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity;

7. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide United Nations humanitarian assistance to all parts of the population of the Republic of Cyprus and calls upon all States to contribute to that effort;

8. Calls upon all parties concerned to devote all endeavours, in co-operation with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, for the tracing and safe return to their homes of all missing persons;

9. Calls upon all parties to continue to co-operate fully with the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus, which should be strengthened so as to enable it to restore and maintain peace in Cyprus;

10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to lend his good offices to the parties concerned;

11. Further requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of the Security Council. UNITED NATIONS

Distr. GENERAL GENERAL ,~, SECURITY A/9811 S/11541 ASSEMBLY~ COUNCIL 21 October 1914

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERALASSEMBLY SECURITYCOUNCIL Twenty-ninth session Twenty-ninth year Agenda item llO QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 19 October 1914 from the Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to bring to Your Excellency's notice and to protest the fact that in the past three days Turkish military planes·again violated the air space of Cyprus. More specifically: /

On 16 October at 1610 hour~, two Turkish military planes flew over Cyprus in the areas of Lakatamia, Stavrovouni and Athieno~ in the Larcana area;

On 17 October at 1005 hours, a Turkisq fighter flew over Evrychou at low_ altitude and at 1015, two Turkish fighters flew over Paphos;

On the same day, 17 October, at 1005 hours, a Turkish aircraft flew over the island and at 1405 ho'l,l!'s, another Turkish plane flew over Cyprus; ·

On 18 October at 8.15 p.m., a Turkish airplane flew over the areas of Xeros, Paphos and Kouklia. At 9.40 p.m., two Turkish planes flew over the areas of Kyrenia, Larnaca and Nicosia.

These new provocations by the Turkish air force against defenceless Cyprus in arrogant defiance of Security Council resolutions, the rules of international law and world public opinion are calculated to increase te~sion in the island. They are in further contradiction to Turkey's repeated protestations in the United Nations regarding its peaceful intentions.

I would be grateful for this letter to be circulated as a document of the General Assembly and the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-28159 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERALLY~ S_ECURITY A/9791 S/11531 ASSEMB - COUNCIL ·4 October 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERALASSEMBLY SECURITYCOUNCIL Twenty-ninth session Twenty-ninth year Agenda i tern 110 QUESTIONOF CYPRUS·

Letter dated 4 October 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to enclose herewith a message, dated 29 S~ptember·l974, addressed to you by Mr. Rauf R. Denktas, Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus,

I will be grateful if you could circulate this letter as an-official document of the General.Assembly and the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY. Permanent Representative

74-26649 A/9'791 S/11531 English Annex Page 1

ANNEX

Your Excellency,

I wish to refer to my letter of even reference dated 9 September 1974 concerning Cyprus' representation at the forthcoming session of-the United Nations General Assembly and to enclose herewith some of the statements made by Mr. Spyres Kyprianou (who,. I 1JIJ.derstand, has been detailed to head the Greek Cypriot delegation at th~ above meeting), which disclose Mr. Kyprianou's real identity and the purpose which he is serving, so that the honourable delegates from other countries attending the meeting may know with whom they are dealing and are not misled by.the so-called Greek Cypriot delegation which, while giving the false impression that they are representing the Republic of Cyprus, are in fact striving to destroy the inde:pendence of that very Republic. The most that Mr. Kyprianou and the other members of his delegation ca.n do, is to represent the armed group of ·the Greek Cypriot community. They cannot under any circumstances represent the Turkish community.of Cyl)rus.

While appraising these statements by Mr. Kyprianou, I would-l1ke to-invite attention to the fact that in the Greek Cypriot vocabulary "national leadership" means 11Greek national leadership 11 and not a leadership which- works for the independence of Cyprus, "nation,al restoration" means "enosis (union of Cyprus with Greece)", "self-determination-" and "a democratic solution in accordance with the wishes of the majority" mean and have always meant "the destruction of the bi-national aspect of the independence of Cyprus and the denial of the right of the Turkish Cypriots to defend this independence, in the creation of which they are co-founder partners". .As it wili be ·seen from the staterilent of Mr. Kyprianou to the editor of the Daily Star, the terms "true independence" and ~self­ determination" mean nothing but union of Cyprus with Greece.

~ I trust that the statements will receive all the more attention in the light of the fact that while Mr. ·Kyprianou was so openly advocating the de-struction of · the independent Republic of. Cyprus he was fully misusing such high principles as independence and £elf-determination in· order to deceive the world forl,llll in supporting the Greek Cypriot leadership.for the destruction of those very principles in Cyprus.

On behalf of the Turkish Cypriot comiJlunity, which has been defending the independence of Cyprus against enosis for the last 11 years, I humbly request Your Exceliency' to have this letter, and the statements annexed thereto, which depict the thoughts and aspirations of Mr. Kyprianou, circulated to all the-honourable delegates attending t~e above session of the United Nations General Assembly.

Please accept, Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration.

Rauf R. DENKTAS Vice-President Republic of Cyprus I ... .·A/9791 S/11531 English Annex Page 2 APPENDIX

A. Statement to the Bri ti.sh Broadcasting Cul'POration Television, 22 March 1966

Once we secure respect for our complete independence and full sovereignty it will be up to the people of Cyprus themselves in exercise of their sovereign . rights to ·choose the form of _government which they wish and the political future of the country and it will be up to them to decide for union of Cyprus with Greece. Of course it is not a secret, it is a fact, that the :people of Cyprus have aiways had· the desire for union with Gre.ece.

(Greek Cypriot PIO Press Release No. 8 of 22 March 1966)

B'., Speech at A,yia Phylaxis village, Limas sol, 16 July 1966

·Present: Mayor of Limass~l, members of the house of representatives, professors of the Salor;i.ica University:

'The national leadership which voices the wish of all.the people is not prepared to accept any·compromise solution adulterating the people's national restoration,· the Qyprus people wt3,nt union of. the whole of Cyprus with Greece •.•• .Th~ Greek Cypriot people will continue to strugg~e having as their standard the Greek flag, the Greek virt·ue and the Greek ideals. - ...... - The leader of.the Salonica excursionists, Mr. Constantinopulos expressed the wish that the Greeks of Greece and Cyprus may soon celebrate the Island's union with the mother country.

(Greek Cypriot PIO Press Release No. 13 of 16 July 1966)

C. .Speech at Limas sol on the occasion of April 1 Anniversary,, l April 1967

It is impossible for the "difficult" Cyprus struggle to succeed unless the Greek Cypriots adhere to the: lofty. ideals of the Greek race. An essential prere_quisite is t:qe ·maintenance by the Greek Qypriots of ·their natfonal issue as such, they shoula. ·never.think tgat the Cyprus question can be a political matter. It is neither a political, nor a party, nor a.personal matter. It is a national i-ssu~ both for Cyprus and Greece and the solution cannot be anything else than "enosis.". · If need be. the Cy:priot people will fight and win again . • • At this critical stage the Cyprus struggle is passing through, there is a great advantage which did not exist in 1955-and that is the fact that Cyprus µas now an independent and.sovereign State and therefore, her struggle for union with Greece is easier ·and shorter than before.·

/. (Greek Cypriot PIO Press Release No. 4 of l April 1967) / ... A/9791 S/11531 English Annex Page 3

D. Statement to editor of the "Daily Star" of Beirut, 19 April 1,967

Editor: There have been reports that your Government is willing to accept a NATOb~se on the ·Island in return for enosis, is this true?

Kyprianou: Greece is a member of: NATO. In case of e·nosis Cyprµs will, normally, be part of Greece in the same way vis-a-vis NATOas any other part of Greec·e ." The question of a: NATO0 base, therefore,. should be viewed in the light of this reality. · • Editor: There are suggestions that your_ Government is not_actively in support· of enosis at this present·stage, is that- true? Is your Government still committed to union with Greece?

Kyprianou: The Cyprus Government has always been committed to a solution of the_ problem in accordance with the wishes of the majority of the people of Cyprus in the exercise of their right of-self.:..determination. The vast majority of the people of Cyprus desire union of Cyprus with Greece, as it is well known.

Editor: Do you see any connexion between the r~ported Tl.U'kish-Arab rapprochement and the assumed change of heart between the Soviet Union and Turkey?

Kyprianou: As I have already stated, Turkey hap systematically striven to obtain international support for her position on Cyprus and in this respect she has exploited to the utmost the reluctance or dislike of certain States - for reasons-of their own~ to see Cyprus united with Greece. This is particularly true of the Soviet Union, which, by expressing opposition to the union of Cyprus with Greece, has in fact stren_gthened the position of those who are trying, to deny Cyprus the essence of true independence and self-determination.

( Gr'ee;k Cypriot PIO Press Release No. 1 of 19 April 1967)

E. Speech at Limassol on the occasion of 150th Anniversary of Greek Liberation, 24 March 1971

The most basic prerequisite for the successful evolution of our national problem is internal cohesion; unity and concord. There I!lay be partisan or personal differences, there may be individual ·or political ambitions, ·but the most basic ambition that must occupy the soul, the heart, the conscience and the mind of all Greek -Cypriots is the national ambition, the national duty. The mdtherland must always serve as our compass. He who sacrifices or comp~omises-over the national interest for other considerations commits a crime against his country, his ancestors, his people, his children," against Hellenism and its mission.

, __ r·J I I

A/9791 S/11531 English Annex Page 4

Tµe unity of purpose, aim and policy existing between Greece and Cyprus is ! i absolute. The li~e of policy by the two Governments is one and the same. Neither Cyprus nor Greece can-possibly accept solutions that might, sooner or later, be considered by the people and history and by posterity as nationally inadmissible compromises and as cursed heritage ...

The presence in Cyprus of Greek officers, who are surrounded by our brotherly love and affection and who form the backbone of our army of national resist.ance, is solid evidence of tqe motherly support and a link of national unity and common link.

(Greek CyJ;iriot PIO Press Release No. 7 of 24 March l97i)

..... I I I

11 '. ,1 rI - .. j! \: ,. .,,111-

I,, t UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11528 4 October 1974 ENGLISH COUNCIL ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH/ SPANISH

LETTERDATED 20 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE SECRETARY-GENERAL TO GOVERNMENTSCONTAINING A FURTHERAPPEAL FOR VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONSFOR THE FINANCINGOF THE UNITEDNATIONS PEACE-KEEPINGFORCE IN CYPRUS1/

I have the honour to refer to my letter of 12 July 1974 in which I addressed an appeal to your Government for a voluntary contribution to meet the cost of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). Costs at that time were estimated at not less than $6.6 million for the maintenance of the Force throughout the six-month period 16 June 1974-15 December 1974, authorized by the Security Council in its resolution 349 (1974) of 29 May 1974. My letter also referred to the accumulated deficit of $19.9 million from earlier years of the Cyprus operation which the Organization has not to date been able to meet because of lack of funds.

P~ Your Excellency knows, recent events in Cyprus have necessitated the substantial reinforcement of UNFICYP. From 2,363 all ranks on 15 July the strength of the Force has had to be increased to a total of 4,402 all ranks as of 12 September, and I take this opportunity to pay tribute to the troop contributing countries for their prompt response to my request for reinforcements. In the extremely difficult situation that has prevailed in the island, the increased strength has been fully utilized by UNFICYPin its efforts to maintain the cease-fire, to prevent a recurrence of inter-communal strife and to protect and bring relief to the civilian population in danger of such strife. UNFICYP facilities and resources are being used on a large scale in connexion with the programme of United Nations humanitarian assistance that is being co-ordinated by the High Commissioner for Refugees.

A consequence of the strengthening of UNFICYPwill be a substantial increase in costs to the United Nations, over and above previously reported estimates of $6.6 million for the period to 15'December 1974. The size of the Force has been almost doubled and it has been necessary also to incur additional expenses for vehicles and equipment required by the augmented Force due to the greatly stepped-up tempo of its activity during the'recent critical weeks. The rate of utilization of its consumable stores and supplies has also increased greatly due

1/ Addressed to all States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies.

74-26610 I . .• S/11528 English Page 2 not only to its greater activity but also to relief and humanitarian aid which it has been called upon to provide in the performance of its duties.

The need for additional funds to maintain UNFICYPis urgent. :r,tr tentative estimate is that the costs of maintaining this larger Force in Cyprus will be not less than double the previous cost, which means that the Organization will require contributions in the amount of $13-14 million for every six-month period during which the Force remains at its present level. It is my earnest hope that your Government will take into special consideration this greatly increased need in determining its response to my appeal for voluntary contributions to liquidate the accumulated deficit and to maintain the Force through 15 December 1974.

(Signed) Kurt WALDHEIM Secretary-General UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY GENERAL A/9783 S/11524 ASSEMBLY COUNCIL 30 September 197l1

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERALASSEMBLY SECURITYCOUNCIL Twenty-ninth-·:session Twenty-ninth year Agenda item 110 QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 26 September 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to refer to the letter of the Permanent Representative of Turkey dated 23 September 1974 (A/9766-S/11517) and to make clear the following facts:

The Minister of Finance of Turkey himself has admitted (as published in the Turkish newspaper Milliet of 5 September 1974) the fact that an economic and demographic vacuum exists at this moment in the occupied zone of Cyprus.

This economic and demographic situation leaves only three possibilities:

(a) To maintain this part of the country at its present state of desolation;

(b) To take steps in order to colonize the island with Turks from Turkey;

(c) To permit the legitimate owners to go back to their homes and land.

There is no doubt that the only just, reasonable and intelligent solution would be the last one - that is, the return of the refugees to their homes.

Unfortunately, all indications make objective observers believe that the Turkish Government is prepared to take steps towards colonizing the island with Turks from Turkey.

Evidence to that effect is given in Turkish newspapers. Mr. Kambabli, in the issue of 15 September 1974 of the Turkish newspaper Tercuman, writes that if 200,000 Turks (not Turkish Cypriots) were sent to Cyprus, this would create an equality of numbers between the Greek and Turkish populations of the island; "thus the sacrifices and successes of the Turkish army in Cyprus shall not be in vain". The Permanent Representative of Turkey in his above-mentioned letter complains about the "Greek mentality" denying to the "Turkish Cypriots even the right to go and live in Cyprus". He also quotes Ambassador Rossi des' statistics. These 74-:-26212 -I ••• A/9783 S/11524 English Page 2 statistics indicate that out of 5,468 Turkish Cypriots who have left Cyprus during the last 10 years, only 209 have taken residence in Turkey. It is therefore reasonable for everyone to see a scheme for colonization of a part of Cyprus when Terkuman refers to the possibility of sending to Cyprus 200,000 Turks (not Turkish Cypriots).

If there is anything wrong with this issue, it is not "Greek mentality" but Turkish arithmetic.

The following phrase of Ambassador Olcay's letter gives another example of Turkish arithmetic: "An innumerable number of Turkish Cypriots were forced out of the is lend for a century", says the Permanent Representative of Turkey. We are sure that this number is more "innumerable" if one takes into consideration Turks who have left Cyprus over the last five centuries. It is clear from that phrase that all these "innumerable" numbers of Turks are preparing now to colonize part of Cyprus, thus repeating another example of Turkish arithmetic which, miraculouslY, increased the percentage of Turks in Alexandretta overnight from 39 per cent to 63 per cent.

I would be grateful if you could kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the General Assembly and the Security Council

(Signed) Denis CARAYANNIS Ambassador Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS , Distr. GENERAL GENERAL (~\ SECURITY A/9778 S/ll521 ASSEMBLY~ COUNCIL 27 September 1974

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERALASSEMBLY SECURITYCOUNCIL Twenty-ninth session Twenty-ninth year Agenda item 110 QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 26 September 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to enclose herewith a letter, dated 21 September 1974. addressed to you LY Mr. Rauf De~kta§, Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus. ' I will be grateful if you would circulate this letter as an official document of the General Assembly and the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Ambassador Permanent Representative

..

74-25986 - I ..• A/9778 S/11521 English .Annex Page 1 ANNEX

Lefkosa, 21-September 1974

Your Excellency,

With reference to the letter of request by Mr. Zenon Rossides for the inscription of the question of Cyprus on the agenda of the United Nations General Assembly, I should like to put on record the fact that Mr. Zenon Rossides has no legitimate authority to maJ.i-.esuch a request "for and on behalf of the Republic of Cyprus" because (1) he has no authority from me, as the Vice-President of Cyprus, for making such a request and (2) he has no legal or moral right to pretend to represent the Turkish community of Cyprus which is one of the co-founder partner communities in the independence and sovereignty of Cyprus and which has, during the last 11 years, defended tb,is independence and sovereignty at great sacrifice with the help of Turkey, the guarantor of our independence and sovereignty.

1. Mr. Ross ides' allegation that "The present grave situation in Cyprus seriously jeopardizes and negates all the principles of respect for sqve·reignty, unity and independence" is contrad:i.cted by the facts which even Mr:-Rossides cannot prevaricate or distort, no matter how he tries.

In December i963, Archbishop Makarios initiated the coup against the co-founder Turkish-Cypriot cointn.unity, in accordance with the preconceived.conspiracy known as the "Akritas Plan", with the aid and full support of Greece in order to destroy all "impediments" tp enosis (union with Greece).

In his view, the impediment to enosis was Turkey, which 1had the right to defend the independence of Cyprus against.those internal or external enemies who would want to destroy it. ·

It is significant that in the notorious "Akritas Plan" it is clearly stated that "the removal of the Treaty of Guarantee" is its aim: , "When the Treaty of Guarantee is removed, no legal or moral force will remain to obstruct us in determining our future through a plebiscite." "Appearing always to be ready for peaceful talks" and pretending that the sole objective is "to amend the constitution" were other gems of this plan.

Mr. Ros sides' direct attack~ therefore, on the Treaty of Guarantee, under which Turkey moved, on 20 July 1974, and averted the destruction of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Cyprus just in time, gains some importance

His Excellency Dr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General of the United Nations

New York a•

I ... I I I A/9778 I - S/11521 English Ann~x Page 2

when we remember that, at all levels and at all times during the last 11 years, the Greek leadership - while trying to destroy the Republic of Cyprus by every means at its command - was attacking vigorously the very agreements protecting the independence of Cyprus from enosis. This becomes all the more important when one considers the repeated statements of Archbishop Makarios declaring that he himself was an enosist and that but for Turkey (and the Treaty of Guarantee) he would declare enosis ariy day. A f~w of these statements and interviews are revealing:

"I always supported and I continue to support t.he union of Cyprus with Greece" (Newsday, 17 July 1972),

-"National aspirations are not determined by economic factors. Enos is is ~ profound national aspiration of all Greek Cypriots, having nothing to do with any economic or other consideration... ·

"In case o:f union of a: small State with a bigger one, there are both disadvantages and advantages. But the case of Cyprus is different. We would not be united with just any country, but with that which we regard as our mother country, and in a broad Greek'space we would be able to play a greater role both 1.nternally and externally" (BBC, 20 February 1973).

And why could he not proceerr to enosis? Here is the answer:

"Th:i.s national feeling '{enosis) has deep roots and the Greek Cypriots wouid _favour enosis under any circumstances. Various factors, however, and mainly the opposition of.Turkey do not make enosis attainable" (Daily Express, 6 March 1974) . 1 ·

So, not being able to. rewo:ve· the ob'stacle to enosis - viz. the Treaty of Guarantee, :imder which Turkey prevented, at great cost and sacrifice, the achievement of enosis - Archbishop Makarios, by direct methods of mili~ary attack, terrorism and acts of genocide which he trie~ against us (during the period December 1963- November 1967) hand in handwith20,000Greek soldiers clandestinely brought from Greece to Cyprus, tried to achie've enosis by ind:irect methods, viz. acute and shameful acts of administ_rative, economic and other discriminations against the Turkish coI!IIIlilility· for 1_1iears.

Complaints about these are numerous in the files of the United Nations Secretariat.

2. While Archbishop.Makarios tried to achieve enosis through his own methods, t:tieregrew, inCyp~us ·more militant elements who believed that they could achieve enosis by direct methods. It is these elements, encouraged by Greece, who brought about the coup of 15 July 1974.

In three days, more than 2,000 Greeks were killed and thousands put b~hind bars. Three thousand Greek officers from Greece, who had no legal .stami'iri·g ·in Cyprus and who were commanding the unconstitutional Greek National Guard and·· EOKAB, thus made no secret of the fac_t that the coup was' for enosis. Nicos Sanrp:fon, the I ••• .A..·9778 S/11521 English Annex Page 3

stooge who was made "The President of Cyprus", declared that within a month he would cease to be President because enosis would be declar~d. Already ''Administrators" had come from Greece and settled in the Dorne Hotel at Kyrenia, reac3y to take over the_ administration in six districts.

In the meantime, Archbishop Makarios who had earlier, on 23 September 1973, declared, publicly, "My wish is that I shall live long enough to see enosis 11 achieved , was taking refuge at the British bases from where he was flown to the United Kingdom. All Greek-Cypriot leaders stood in great peril. Greek Cypriots in their hundreds pleaded for deliverance "from the gunmen" and prayed for the intervention of Turkey - onl~ a few months before the coup, on 16 May 19?4. Archbishop Makarios, confident of his position and proud of the fact that for ll years he had paid nothing to 20 per cent of his population, told Frankfurter Rundschau the following:

"Enosis has_always been for the Greek Cypriots a deep-rooted national aspiration. To me, independence is a compromise. In other words, if I had a.free choice between enosis and independence, I would s:ipport enosis."

On 2 July 1974 he wrote to General Gizikis, the President of Greece: "The ·Cyprus State should be dissolved only in t~e event of enosis."

. It. is obvious from the foregoing that, but for Turkey's intervention, the Republic of Cyprus would have p_j;!encolonized by Greece and Mr. Rossides would have been out of office long ago. ·

3. In view of the past record of the Greek leadership and their resort to violen~e, murder, genocide and shameless discrimination against the Turkish Cypriots, it is· !ipparent that this_ independence cannot be saved while the Greek Cypriots can look upon._.Cyprus ( which is a bi-~ommuilal republic ) as a Greek-Cypriot republic. . . . ' ' :. ~ . ' . . . .,.We tried to live in a functional federative systeni from 1960 to 1963, but Greek-Cypriot leaders; aspirations for enosis have not given our young Republic any chance. Instead~ '/~. have had 103 _Tu:_rkishvillages destroyed a.rid 24,000 Turkish Cypriots niade ref'ugees-'f;i:fr -l1:· y-eai·s-'wll:i:le' GreeK-C:ypriot leaders have brazenly declared that "military .•'""erioi'iis -...-;:.·-··.· ..-- ... has' _:.•>·•·:~-~-~---. -be\!in:___.,achieVed."... ,.·,• ' .. . - The reports of the S~,cz:et~r,t,-::~t~pf;.t~_ ~;r~_ l'il;i,ed with the cruelty done to the Turks, with murders and geriocidal•a~'tiv'ities· qireqted against us. The world press is filled with stories of atrocitieiI>cibmmitiied' a:ur:tng the period J.963-1968 and now in 1974. The discovery of mass gr~yes o( Tqr~s :-::.,th_e population of whole villages, not excluding babies - has horrified the \ihoTe ·world~ Evidence of rape, looting and destruction of Turkish houses is in.ab:undance. Forty thousand Turks who have been besieged in Greek areas live·in.terroro.f the next moment. Gangsters are everywhere. Law and order does not s~erit to exiifo in Greek areas.

These are the reaJ.ities of Cyprus. ·Exaggerated. allegations by Mr. Rossides will not suffice to cover them up. Those who have denied for ll years - and continue to deny - 20 per.cent of the population their basic rights as human beings I •• • ------

! A/9778 S/U52l '! English Annex Page 4

are shedding crocodile tears over their pigs; those who have refused 24,000 Turkish Cypriots the right to live in their homes are now complaining that a great number of Greeks. are in the same plight, and those who, in defiance of the resolutions of the Security Council and the repeated censures of the Secretary-General, have made the Greek sectors of Cyprus a fully-armed bastion with plans of lightning attack on all Turkish Cypriots now·eomplain that Turkey's armed might has prevented them from destroying this very Republic. The United Natioris should not heed such callous insincerity.

Turkey has not bccupied Cyprus. Turkey has removed from Cyprus the ! 1, 4. ll-year occupation by Greece arid has made it impossible for the Greek-Cypriot leadership to dream of enosis. Mr. Zenon Rossides, who is a reno.med enosist under the guise of defender of the independence of Cyprus, should advance constructive theories on the future o~ a federal State in which the two national communities would live in equality and justice instead of attacking Turkey who, once again, has en.abled the out~gunned Turkish-Cypriot community to defend the independence and

. I sovereignty of Cyprus • 'I ! We are, I repeat, the defenders of the independence and sovereignty of Cyprus.

,:,_ We stand for ·a bi-regional federai State based on the existence of two national communities who brought about this State, in 1960, under conditions cf equality. ,•... ,

We stand sincerely for non7alignment and do not, like the Greek-Cypriot leaders, merely pay lip-service to non-aligrµnent.

And we no longer helieve or trust those who, while pretending to talk peace with us, have armed them.selves to the teeth with a view to attacking us (as they did en masse in Murataga, Atlilar and Sandalbar, burying whole villages) with a view to forcing us to bow to enosis.

The past 14 years hav.e clearly proved that the salvation of the independence oi' Cyprus depends on the Turkish-Cypriot communi~y•s ability to defend itself and to defend the independence. Bi-regional federalism, on which we are now working,. is the answer, permanently, to this artificially-created problem.

I should be grateful if you could have the present letter distributed as a '' United· Nations General Assembly document. '' ! Accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

(Signed) Rauf R. DENKTA9 Vice-President Republic of Cyprus UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL

GENERAL SECURITY A/9766 S/ll517 ASSEMBLY COUNCI-L 23 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

GENERALASSEMBLY SECURITYCOUNCIL Twenty-ninth session Twenty-ninth year Agenda item llO QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter dated 23 September 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

I have the honour to refer to a press release, dated 20 September 1974, issued by the Permanent Mission of Greece to the United Nations.

It was very interesting to see in that press release that Greece complains even about the possibility of the return of the Turkish Cypriots to Cyprus from the countries to which they were forced by Greek oppressive policies to move.

An innumerable number of Turkish Cypriots were forced out of the island for a century. Even Mr. Rossides, in his letter dated 3 September 1974 addressed to Your Excellency, had to admit that, in the eight years following the atrocities of 1963, 5,468 Turkish Cypriots had to leave the island (S/11485 and Corr.l). Naturally the actual number must be considerably greater, as usual.

The prospect of those thousands of Turkish Cypriots, selling their property in Great Britain "so that they could go and live in Cyprus" infuriates the Greeks.

It is a very clear evidence of the Greek mentality that denies to the Turkish Cypriots•even the right to "go and live in Cyprus". . It i3 regrettable that the Permanent Mission of Greece to the United Nations should find it possible to question publicly, here in the United Nations, one's fundamental right to return to and live in one's own country.

I shall be grateful to Your Excellency if you would kindly have this letter circulated as an official document of the General Assembly and the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Ambassador Permanent Representative

74-25421 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/9764 ASSEMBLY 23 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Twenty-ninth s·ession Agenda item 12

REPORTOF THE ECONOMICAND SOCIAL COUNCIL

Letter dated 20 September 1974 from the Permanent Representative of CyPrus to the United Nations addressed to the President of the General Assembly

I have the honour to request that the following complaint made by my Government today to the Commission on Human Rights be circulated to all Members of the United Nations as an official document of the General Assembly in connexion with agenda item 12 (Report of the Economic and Social Council, 1/ chap. V, section C.2):

The Republic of Cyprus, a Member of the United Nations, wishes to complain to the Commission on Human Rights of the Economic and Social Council against Turkey for flagrant violations of fundamental human rights committed by the invading forces of Turkey contrary to the .Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

On 20 July 1974, Turkey, without a prior declaration of war, invaded Cyprus and commenced military operations in its territory by means of its land, sea and air forces and, until 30 July 1974, occupied a sizable area in the northern part ·of Cyprus.

On 14 August 1974, after a cease-fire was ordered by the Security Council under a number of resolutions, Turkey continued to extend its occupation of the island of Cyprus by further military operations.

In the course of the said military operations and occupation, Turkish armed forces have, by means of systematic conduct and adopted· practice, caused deprivation of life, including indiscriminate killing of civilians; have subjected persons of both sexes and all ages to torture, inhuman and degrading treatment and punishment, including commission of rapes and detention under inhuman conditions; have"arrested and are detaining in Cyprus and Turkey

1/ Of~icial Records of the General Assembly, Twenty-ninth Session, Suppi"~ment No. 3 (A/9603).

74-25190 I . .. A/9764 English Page 2

hundreds of persons arbitrarily and with no lawful authority;, are subjecting the said persons to forced labour under conditions amounting to slavery or servitude; have caused through the aforesaid detentions, as well as by deplacement of thousands of persons from their places of residence and refusal to allow them to return thereto, separations of families and other interference with private life; and have caused destruction of property and obstruction of the free enjoyment of property. All the above acts have been directed against Greek Cypriots only, owing, inter alia, to their national origin, race and religion.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Am.bassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

• UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11468/Add.2 COUNCIL 18 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

.REPORTOF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL.ON DEVELOPMENTS IN CYPRUSFOR THE PERIOD 9 TO 17 SEPTEMBER1974

• Observance of the cease-fire

1. · The military situation remained ·quiet, an'd only minor cease-fire violations by ·.firing were reported. There was some movement . forward by Turkish forces in the Larnaca district. UNFICYPcontinued to make every effort, at headquarters and local levels, to prevent or contain such incidents. ·

2. The restrictions on UNFICYPin areas of Turkish control were relaxed somewhat, arid there is now some freedom of movement for human~tarian purposes.

3. In Nicosia Zone East, sporadic firing by both side& during darkness continued, but at a reduced level. UNFICYPnegotiations at the local .level resulted in .further Turkish troop .;_,.rthdrawals south. of the Nicosia Club. A Canadian soldier was shot and killed by the National Guard whilst on a routine patrol on 10 September. A strong protest was lodged by UNFICYP. A preliminary iuvestigation seemed to indicate that the incident was t~e result of mistl:j.ken identification.

~- In Larnaca district, Turkish forces, which moved forward in the Athienou area (AMR.WD.498816, WD 513802 and WD511811) 1/ on 9 September, withdrew following ,UNFICYP representations but remained at WD498816. All other zones and districts ha've remained relatively quiet.

Humanitarian activities . . 5. . The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) completed an assessment in Cyprus oft.he emergency requirements for some 225,000 needy and displaced persons, both Greek and Turkish Cypriots, as the.basis for.the Secretary-General's appeal for $US 22 million (s/11488/Add.l).

6. Regular week1y.co-ordination meetings .at the Ledra Palace United Nations c©nference area .are.held by UNHCRwith representatives of diplomatic missions in Nicosia, including those· of Greece and Turkey,.the Cyprus Red Cross, the Tur~ish Red Crescent, UNFICYP, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and voluntary agencies.

7. A medical co-o;rdination meeting was also organized by UNHCRat the Ledra Palace, with doctors· from the public health authorities, both Greek and Turkish !J AMR- approximate map reference. 74-24576 / .... S/11468/Add.2 English Page 2

Cypriot, the ·cyprus Red Cross, the Turkish Red Crescent, UNFICYP, the World Health Organization (WHO) and a representative of the United Nations Children's F~nd (UNICEF). It is planned to hold these meetin~s regularly.

8. Deliveries of UNHCRrelief materials commenced with a consignment of 54,ooo blankets and 4.8 tons of WHOmedical supplies. Ten thousand of the blankets were distributed by UNFICYPtrucks to displaced persons in the Turkish Cypriot quarter of Nicosia•, and about one ton of the medical supplies was contributed to the ~yprus Red Cross.. Further consignments of relief materials, including tents and camp beds, have been arranged.

9. The main Greek Cypriot refugee concentrations continue to be in the Ormidhia Forest area, 40,000; Larnaca town and district, 15,000; Limassol town and district, 32,000; the Trobdos area, 22,000; Paphos district, 4,000; and the British Sovereign Base Areas; 50,000. Work is proceeding on Greek Cypriot refugee camps at Ayios Photios (VD-65 60)_, Larnaca town and' Kolossi (VD 93 36). . ·

10. More than half of the Turkish Cypriot villages in Limassol district are reported to have been evacuated or their population greatly reduced. The majority of the villagers have moved to Pergamos (Larnaca district).

11. Greek Cypriots in the north have been gathered into a number of centralized iocatiohs. The principal ones are at Gypsos (Famagusta district), 500; Marathovouno (Famagusta district), 400, and Voni (Nicosia district),' ·800. Reports indicate that co,nditions in these C'entres are poor, with shortages of food and medicine, · which ICRC is endeavouring to ·supply.

12. UNFICYPdelivered 37 supply lo.ads to Turkish Cypriot and' 5 to Greek Cypriot villages. Six loads of blankets received by UNHCRwere transported to selected distribution_areas, including the Turkish Cypriot quarter of Nicosia.

13. Tb~ water supply from the Lefka dam to irrigate citrus fruit groves in Morphou was ,restored, and assurances have been received that crops and livestock - are being looked after by Turkish Cypriot agricultural teams.

UNCIVPOL

14. The UNFICYP Civilian Police (UNCIVPOL)has kept close contact with the Cyprus Police and the Turkish Cypriot Police element. Particular attention has been given.to mixed and Turkish Cypriot villages. In Tokhni (Larnaca district), which has a population of 290 Greek Cypriots and 280 Turkish Cypriots, a station was established on 9 peptember, manned by five officers of the Austrian element of UNCIVPOL.· Since its establishment, relations between the two communities there have improved and no cpmplaints have been received. ·

·15. UNCIVPOLbas also assisted the humanitarian relief programme. Since 9 September :it has provided 32 escorts consisting of 51 vehicles.

/ ...· S/ll468/Add~2 English Page 3

Meeting between Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash

16. During the period ·under review, Acting President Clerides and Vice-President Denktash met twice, on 11 and 13 September, at the Leara Palance United Nations conference area. They discussed humanitarian matters, with the assistance of Mr·. Luis Weckmann-Munoz, the Special Representative of tr.e Secretary­ General, and other United Nations officials, including a representative of UNHCR. A representative of ICRC was also present.

17. At the meeting of 11 September the following was agreed:

"(a) All prisoner; and detainees under 18 years of age shall be ·releas_ed ,where their qext of kin reside. Thos.e of them who are students, and if no appropriate school is available in their local area, shall be given facilities to move to places where such schools are operating.

•i(b) All prisoners and detainees who, on checking by the International Committee-of the Red Cross (ICRC)that they are students enrolled at a university, shall be released and be given facilities to proceed -abroad tci complete their studies.

"(c) All teachers shall be released and be given facilities to contact their respective educational authorities for the purpose of being posted .by them wherever they are needed,

"(d) All _sick and wounded prisoners and detainees shall be reieased to hospitals on their respective sides.

" ( e) The date of the commencement of the exchange of the prisoners and detainees provided for in the above paragraphs will be announced at next Friday's meeting (13 September)."

18~.. Arrangements were also agreed to with respect to assistance to the aged and infirm, Greek and Turkish Cypriot, who have found themselves isolated as a result of the hostilities.

19. At the meeting of 13 Sep~eniber the following was agreed:

"(a) The exchange of sick and wounded prisoners and detainees will commence Monday, 16 September.

"(b) The release of prisoners and detainees who are under 18 years of age, students ~nd'teachers will follow.

"(c) Prisoners and detainees 55 years of age and over, as well as religious, medical an·d paramedical personnel, shall be relea~ed without delay."

After the meeting it was announced that efforts to trace missing persons were continuing and that practical steps to normalize educational facilities were

/ ... S/11468/Add.2 English Page 4 discussed and would be considered more fully at the next meeting. The question of the preservation of livestock was also reviewed. . . 20. It was further decided at,that meeting to defer the consideration of a scheme for the general release of prisoners and detainees, which ICRC was to finalize, following ~ompletion by the parties concerned of the list of prisoners a.rid detainees.

21. It was agreed that the next meeting would be held on 20 September and that, if necessary, an earlier,meeting would be held.

22. As was the case when they met on 6 September, Mr. Clerides and Mr. Denktash held private exchanges of views on the refugee problem and other important issues at the end of their meetings of 11 and 13 September.

23. Pursuant to the agreement of 13 September concerning the exchange of sick and wounded prisoners and detainees, 116 Greek Cypriots and 126 Turkish Cypriots were exchanged on 16 September. The· exchange was -carried out by ICRC with the assistance of UNFICYP, as we.ll as of Greek Cypriot and. Turkish Cypriot medical and aid organizations. It was completed in less than an hour and went smoothly. Both the Greek.Cypriot and Turkish· Cypriot prisoners and. detainees were brought in buses to the Ledra Palace Hotel in Nicosia, where the actual exchange took place. The second exchange awaits .. the return of sick and wounded Greek Cy})riot prisoners from Turkey. ~ UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11515 COUNCIL 18 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED18 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to Your Excellency's attention further evidence of blatant violations of international moral and legal principles coming in the wake of Turkey's illegal occupation of 40 per cent of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus and the expulsion of its indigenous Greek Cypriot population.

1. Mr. Denktash, misled by the seeming tolerance so far shown by the international community to the above illegal acts, brazenly said on 9 September 1974 that the property of the 200,000 Greek Cypriots within territory seized by the Turkish invading forces will be confiscated and will be leased to Turkish Cypriot co-operatives and individuals.

2. Concurrently, the mayor of the town of Mersin (in Turkey) announced that 5,000 workers were being sent to Cyprus to collect and package the citrus crop of the orchards cultivated by and belonging to the forcibly expelled Greek Cypriots, for the benefit of the Turks of Cyprus.

3. He further stated on the same occasion that his "Turkish Cypriot administration" had begun to issue its own travel documents and that "mainland 11 Turkish money would become legal tender in the island soon •

Mr. Denktash also demanded that the Turkish Cypriots living in the part of Cyprus under the control of the Government of Cyprus be removed and permanently resettled in the northern (occupied) part of the island. In supporting this demand, he invoked "the right of every person to move to a place of his choice". However, he made it clear that, in his view, only Turkish Cypriots should enjoy this right. He has no intention of allowing the 200,000 Greek Cypriots to return to their ancestral homes and lands in the occupied territories from which they were forcibly expelled (in fact, several were shot at sight when they tried to return).

Even if all the Turks of Cyprus were resettled in the above territories, they would not comprise a majority unless the illegally expelled Greek Cypriot population are denied their inalienable right to return to their homes and lands by the force of Turkish arms. S/11515 English Page 2

Within such concepts of manifest illegality through the use of force, Mr. Denktash is now operating as the virtual representative of Turkey's invading forces in Cyprus.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11514 COUNCIL 17 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 16 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Further to my letter dated 13 September 1974 citing several ominous steps taken by the Turkish side in the invaded part of Cyprus in an effort to consolidate their illegal hold over that area, more facts are coming to light, constituting still more evidence of the by now obvious aim of Turkey to dismember Cyprus and annex a part of it.

Thus:

1. In an official announcement by the Turkish Bank, Ltd., of Turkey, circulated to its international correspondents regarding the opening of a branch of the bank in Kyrenia, Cyprus, the address given is: "Turkish Bank, Ltd. - Girne - Mersin 10 - Turkey". Girne is the Turkish word for Kyrenia and Mersin is a province of Turkey. The <::1Jrect implication of this ann\luncement is that Kyrenia is now treated officially in .Ankara as part of th~-t,-ritory of Turkey.

2. A further evidence of this aggressive intention is the announcement of a twice weekly ferry-boat service from Famagusta to Mersin, and vice versa, on a unilateral basis without the consent of the Government of Cyprus and without being subject to the rules and regulations, contrary to established navigation laws.

3. The Turkish Ministry of Customs and Monopolies sent a four-man delegation to Cyprus earlier this week in order "to advise" - as it was announced in the same "Turkish News Bulletin" - "the Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration in 11 reorganizing its Custom Department •

4. The Minister of Communications of Turkey, Mr. Guley, stated on 5 September 1974 that "possibilities are being in7estigated for F-28 aircraft of the Turkish airlines to start scheduled flights to Cyprus after the repair of Tym.bou airfield in the island". TyIL.bouairfield, it may be clarified, is located in the area of Cy!'.-rus invaded by Turkish iroops.

5. At the same time, it was solemnly announced by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism of the so-called "Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration" that ".all companies and partnerships or businesses functioning or carrying on business in the Turkish-controlled areas 11 must register with "the Turkish Official Receiver and Registrar 1 s Office" and threatens those fai-ling to comply with 11legal consequences". 74-24407 I •• • S/11514 English Page 2

The above speak for themselves as to Turkish intentions and prove the lack of good faith and the already evident policy of Turkey to create faits accomplis in the occupied part of Cyprus with a view to annexation.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council,

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Perm.anent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL GENERAL A/9743 ASSEMBLY 17 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Twenty-ninth session

~ REQUESTFOR THE INCLUSIONOF AN ADDITIONAL.ITEM IN THE AGENDAOF THE TWENTY-NINTHSESSION

QUESTIONOF CYPRUS

Letter· dated 17 September 1974 from the Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General

On instructions from my Government, .I have the honour to request, under rule 15 of the rules of procedure, the inclusion .in the agenda of the twenty-ninth session of the General Assembly" of an additional item entitled "Question of CYJ?rus"..

In accordance with rule -·20 of the rules of procedure, an explanatory memorandum relating to this request is attached hereto.

(Signed) Zenon ROSS!DES · Amba!,sador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-24453 I ••• A/9743 English Page 2

EXPLANATORYMEMORANDUM

) l. The question of Cyprus has been examined in the past by the General Assembly and the Security Council on several occasions. One of the texts adopted in this connexion is General Assembly resolution 2077 (XX), which called upon "all States, in conformity with the{r obligations under the Charter and in particular Article 2, paragraphs 1 and 4, to respect the sovereignty, unity, independence and territorial ·integrity of the Republic of Cyprus and to refrain from any intervention directed against it".

2. The present ·grave situation in Cyprus seriously jeopardizes and negates all the above principles guaranteed by the Charter and the international' community. On 15 July 1974·, a group of officers from Greece, acting at the instigation of the then ruling military regime in Athens, engineered and staged a coup d'etat against the legi~imate Government of Cyprus, headed by the elected President, Archbishop Makarios.

' 3. On 20 July, the aforesaid coup was taken as a pretext by Turkey, purportedly acting under a Treaty of Guarantee of 1960, !/ to intervene militarily in Cyprus by invading the island~ The sa;i.d Treaty, however, does ·not, and could not, give such right of military intervention by force, as· it would then, by comi:r;ig in conflict with basic provisions of the United Nations Charter, be invalidated under Article 103 of the Charter. Furthermore, the very nature and conduct of the Turkish militar,y operation ih Cypius was_ contrary to the declared purposes of the Treaty as being directed at destroying, instead of protecting, the independence and territorial integrity of Cyprus.

· 4. Turkish military action since 20 July has thus been a blatant act of imperialist aggression by a Power of over 30 million, member of a military alliance. and using.weapons in its possession, as such, against a small non-aligned country of just over half a million, practically defenceless without air force or navy and without any significant army, except a small national guard.

5. In spite of misleading peaceful dec~arations by the Prime Minister of Turkey ·at the.time, the operation from the ·very start was a ferocious armed attack by the Turkish air force using the internationally prohibited napalm bombs against the capital, Nic".'.Jia, and other wholly undefended towns and villages and wreaking wanton destruction - particularly of ho~pitals, educational institutions, hotels and residential quarters, even of priceless ancient monuments - and destroying forests with incendiary bombs. In a.parallel way, the invading forces indulged from the very.beginning in mass murder, mass deportation, rape and looting in an almost uniform pattern in the course of that invasion, with the calculated aim of expelling tbe incµ.genous Greek Cypriot majority population from their ancestral· homes and lands in a deracination plan, The underlying purpose has been·to

Y United Nations, Treaty Series, vol •. 382, No. 5475, p. 3. I ••• A/9743 English Page 3 eliminate the indigenous population and colonize the occupied territory m.th Turks from the mai_nland of ·Turkey, to be supplemented by Turks from 'Cyprus. The fact that over 200,000 Cypriots thus became forced refugees had - aside from the human suffering involved - disastrous effects on the economy of the country. Requests through UNFICYPfor the return of farmers to tend urgently their livestock, dying by the thousands, and their perishing crops, were turned down by the Turkish military, while those of the farmers who ventured to return were shot down on arrival.

6. The Security Council dealt with the aspects of the problem relating to the maintenance of international peace and security and adopted a number of resolutions dealing with tne initial invasion and subsequent developments, beginning _mth resolution 353 (l974) of 20 July 1974 and ending with resolution 36l (l974) of 30 August 1974. These resolutions, although accepted, were grossly violated by the Government of Turkey in contemptuous disregard of the principles of the Charter and of humanitarian laws. Furthermore, instead of mthdrawing its military forces in compliance with resolution 353 (1974), Turkey, in unrestrained command of the sea, proceeded to further landings of troops and heavy equipment in violation of the unanimous resolution of the Security Council. Turkey thus continued the c.ourse of its invasion and aggression, further extending its military occupation of the territory of Cyprus. Even the ceasefire agreement, signed by Turkey itself on 30 July, was also violated by it in such circumstances as abundantly demonstrated the absence of good faith.

7. In relevant·talks, the attitude of the Turkish represent~tive has persistently been one of gunpoint diplomacy, aimed at compelling acceptance of the dismemberment of the Republic of Cyprus and its destruction, thereby leading to further human and economic suffering for all Cypriots, Greek and Turkish alike, and creating a focus of constant friction and tension with grave qonsequences and wider repercussions.

8. At present, the situation is that a sizable Turkish occupation force, with heavy artillery and 300 tanks, is in illegal control of over 36 per cent of the te;rritory of.the Republic of Cyprus, including·an enormous percentage of its economic resources. Evidence is mounting that the Turkish Government is trying to consolidate its illegal hold over the occupied territory as part of a plan for the forcible exchange of populations and the annexation of that part of Cyprus to Turkey.

9. Ever since its emergence from colonial status as an independent State, Cyprus has steadfastly adhered tci the Charter.and its principles and has been a loyal and dedicated Member of the United Nations. As a small non-aligned country, not belonging to any military alliances, it has always placed reliance on the collective security system provided for by the Charter. It now trusts that these same Charter principles will be applied to it and confidently hopes that the General Assembly, democratically representing the international community, will justly discharge its responsibilities under the Charter as the repository of the conscience of mankind in eradicating the tragic consequences of foreign intervention. · / ... A/9743 English Page 4 lO. More specifically, Cyprus looks to the General Assembly to safeguard its independence, sovereignty. unity and territorial integrity and to support its just demands for the withdrawal of all foreign forces, the return of the refugees to their homes and properties and the creation of conditions in which negotiations can be carried out, aimed at such constitutional arrangements as would bring normality and enable the Republic of Cyprus to retain its sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity and to continue its policy of non~alignment for the benefit not only of all its people, Greek and Turkish alike, but, in a wider sense, also of the inte.rnational community. UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11513 COUNCIL 16 September 1974 e ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED16 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYFRUS TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSEDTO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

• Further to my letter of 5 September 1974, I have the honour to bring to your attention the following additional atrocities committed by the Turkish occupation forces in Cyprus:

1. It is reported that more and more Greek Cypriots are being transported from the Turkish-occupied areas to Turkey., The one such transportation recently observed was estimated to include over 1,000 persons.

2. Livestock are dying from want of care and water. The situation of thousands of cattle, pigs and chickens left behind by fleeing Greek and Turkish villagers is reported to be desperate. Many are reported to be dying for lack of fodder and water. The Ministry of Agriculture estimates that 20,000 head of cattle, 80,000 pigs, 7 million broiler chickens and 500,000 goats and sheep are wandering about in Turkish-occupied areas.

Large supplies of perishable food are said to be rotting in warehouses in Famagust a. Valuable livestock and citrus plant at ions are in danger of tot al destruction, which could lead to famine. Crops are dying through lack of irrigation, and a spokesman for the Ministry of Agriculture said that plantation owners had so far ·been refused permission to enter Turkish-held territo_ry and irrigate citrus groves.

Both the Cyprus Government and the United Nations have been trying to arrange for refugees to return to some parts of the occupied island to give water and food to dying livestock and move perishable food-stuffs. A tragic state of affairs exists in Turkish-occupied areas, where the Greek Cypriot population has been driven away and their agricultural potential systematically destroyed.

3. A number of Greek Cypriots still sheltering in Famagusta, totally occupied by Turkish troops, are short of water and food, and some need medical treatment.

This is the grim picture of the life of the Greek Cypriots in the hands of those who unabashedly still profess "to bring peace" to the island.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations 74-24275 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11511 COUNCIL 16 September 1974 e ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 14 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to inform Your Excellency and to protest strongly the fact that today between 1220 and 1254 (local time) two Turkish fighter planes violated the air space of Cyprus.

This constitutes yet another instance of Turkey's disregard of the Security Council resolutions on Cyprus, as well as in violation of the Charter of the United Nations, and has been one more factor in increasing tension and anxiety in the island.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative to the United Nations

74-24247 UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11510 COUNCIL 16 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 13 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PEfil'!.ANENT REPRESENTATIVEOF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS AD~RESSEDTO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

In his letter dated 4 September 1974 (S/11489), the representative of Turkey raised a number of points,which, in the interests of truth and objectivity, cannot be allowed to remain unanswered:

In the face of a rising tide of indignation on the part of world public opinion at Turkey's brutal invasion of Cyprus accompanied by the indiscriminate napalm bombings of defenceless towns and villages and other atrocities, it might be expected that the Turkish Government would be trying hard to create misleading impressions at the expense of the victims in the hope of bringing confusion and distracting attention from the main theme of naked aggression. The Turkish Government thus "discovered" mass graves purportedly of Turkish Cypriot victims in the villages of Aloa and Mara:'tha.

On close examination, however, the unsubstantiated character of the charge clearly emerges because of the following:

1. Unlike the cases of atrocities by Turkish troops reported in my earlier letters (S/11461 of 20 August 1974, S/11464 of 22 August 1974 and S/11492 of 5 September 1974) - where identity and full particulars were given - no names and no particulars whatsoever indicating the identity of th~ victims or their ethnic origin were produced in the Turkish charges. ·

2. The United Nations Force declared that it was not ascertained whether the bodies found in the graves were those of Greek or Turkish Cypriots.

3, Bearing in mind that many hundreds of Greek Cypriots in neighbouring villages and in the occupied areas generally are missing - a very considerable number of them having been slaughtered by the Turkish forces as part of their systematic practice in the course of invading - it is not at all improbable that missing Greek Cypriots were placed in those graves. This probability is enhanced by the fact that a characteristic Christian medallion, found on the body of a woman in the mass grave of Maratha, was of a nature that admittedly could not have been worn by a Turk.

4. It is a matter of no little surprise that already on 23 July in his

74-24242 / ••• S/ll510 English Page 2 statement in the Security Council, repeated in his letter of 29 July (S/11394), the representative of Turkey stated: "I am afraid that in a few day~, when mass graves are discovered, as has been the case in the past " In light of the ind~sputable reality that there has been no question of mass graves in the past, is it not amazing and perhaps significant that the Turkish representative should have spoken with certainty of the coming "discovery of mass graves" a couple of weeks before the staged presentation of their "discovery"?

5. Independent investigation by the United Nations and the Red Cross asked for by our Government was refused by the Turkish side. Similarly refused by it was our Government's proposal for investigation on the basis of reciprocity regarding charges of 1ll~treatment of the population in the areas under Government control, as well as that under the control of the Turkish military.

6. It is pertinent to note that on 8 September 1974, the Turkish side alleged that a massacre of Turkish Cypriots took place in the villages of Timi and Ayia Varvara of the Paphos district. After relevant investigation by the UNFICYP, its spokesman stated the following:

"In connexion with the alleged massacre at Timi/Ayia Varvara, in Paphos district, UNFICYP conducted an extensive investigation, including head count in villages in the area. So far, no clue could be found that the massacre actually took place, 11

7. From documented ev:tdenci=, gathered by the police, it emerges that up to 17 August, at ~east 130 Greek Cypriots had been murdered in cold blood by Turkish troops, including children, women and old men up to the age of 90. This figure does not include victims in the Karpass area, because this has been'completely isolated by the Turkish invasion forces, or in respect of other crimes which still remain undetected.

It is clear from the above that my Government, far from wishing to conceal the facts, is anxious to have them established through an objective and impartial investigation and has consistently condemned, in the strongest possible terms, the murder and ill-tre.a.t1!1ent of all Cypriots, irrespective of their ethnic origin. On the contrary, it is the Turkish side which, being burdened by countless atrocities of the worst order, impedes any impartial investigation and callously attempts to make capital out of the sensational presentation of mass graves which on every indication had been staged.

In continuing the tendentious allegations, the Turkish representative, in a futile effort to shake off his Government's responsibility for the crimes described in my documented statement at the 1795th meeting of the Security Council (to which he found himself unable to reply), now tries to brush them aside by calling them "biased and fabrica.ted" accounts, notwithstanding the undoubted authenticity of their source, Similarly, the self-isolation of Turkish Cypriots by their leaders in pursuit of political objectives, so clearly stated in a number of the Secretary-General's reports fully cited in my said statement, are dismissed as "cynical claims to be condemned for their hypocrisy". The Security Council record I •.• ) S/ll5lO English Page 3

(S/PV.l795, pp. l22-l23) speaks for itself, and the charge of hypocrisy in reference to the reports of the Secretary-General can only be ludicrous.

Considering the slippery path followed by the Turkish representative, who admittedly has an impossible task in defending the indefensible policies of his Government, not even this would be surprising. After all, the technique of "the big lie" goes hand in hand with the use of brute force, on the Nazi pattern, in contemptuous disregard of all moral values on which the very structure of the United Nations and of international society is based.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document .pf the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11509 13 September 1974 COUNCIL ENGLISH ORIGINAL: ENGLISHAND FRENCH

LETTERDATED 13 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF ALGERIATO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SEChETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour t0 transmit to you herewith the text of a declaration concerning Cyprus adopted on 12 September 1974 by the Co-ordinating Committee of the Group of Non-Aligned Countries accredited to the United Nations.

I should be grateful if you would arrange for the text of this declaration to be published as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Abdellati f RAHAL Permanent Representative of Algeria Chairman of the Group of Non-Aligned Countries accredited to the United Nations

74-24199 I . •. S/11509 English Page 2

Declaration adop:t,ed on 12_ September_l974 __by_ the Co-ordinating Committee of the_Group of_Non-Align3=d Countries

The Co-ordinating Committee of the Group of Non-Aligned Countries, which met in New York on 12 September 1974, considered further developments concerning Cyprus, in keeping with the Declaration adopted by the Group of Non-Aligned Countries at the United Nations in plenary session on 6 August 1974., which, inter alia, "underlined their resolve to watch further developments closely and to meet- again as necessary to co-ordinate their action in the United Nations".

It reiterated the well-known positions of non-aligned countries concerning Cyprus, stated by the previous meetings of the Group of Non-Aligned Countries and by the Co--ordinating Committee, especially their vital interest in protecting the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-alignment of the Republic of Cyprus.

The Co•-•ordinating Committee expressed its grave concern over the deepening of the Cyprus crisis and over the absence of substantive progress towards a peaceful political settlement that would assure the implementation of the objectives of resolution 353 (1974) of the Security Council.

The Co-ordinating Committee considered that an active and dynamic role of the non••al:i.gned countries in assisting the movement towards the solution of the problem, on the basis of the principles and positions taken by them, is indispensable.

It has reaffirmed the will of the Group of Non-aligned Countries to help the parties concerned in any form that could be acceptable to them. It has agreed to establish a group of members of the Co-ordinating Committee, composed of Algeria,

Guyana, India 9 Mali and Yugoslavia, to keep the matter under close scrutiny, and which could be utilized for contacts or good offices as required and appropriate. It has also agreed to recommend to the forthcoming meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Non-Aligned Countries in New York to review the matter and any possible developments in the mean time, UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11505 COUNCIL 12 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED11 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF TURKEYTO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Referring to certain recent communications addressed to Your Excellency, in which a deep concern is manifested for the taking prisoner of "able-bodied men!!, because they are Greek Cypriots, I have the honour to remind through you the members of the Security Council that thousands of "able-bodied" men among the besieged Turkish Cypriots have have been taken prisoner and have remained as such for the past two months. The whole world would only too vividly remember the disgraceful imprisonment in a football stadium in Limassol for weeks of the l,300Turkish Cypriots whose plight subsequently continued in a school building, turned into a prison. Some 750 Turkish Cypriots are similarly imprisoned in a school building in Larnaca. These are to cite a few examples.

What makes it even more cynical to open up this subject at this stage is the fact that 40,000 Turkish Cypriots, including not only 11able-bodied men" but also women, children and old men, are continued to be held as hostages by the Greek and Greek Cypriot forces.

In view of the recent discoveries of tragic evidence of the cold-blooded mass murders, the agony of these people has been understandably increased. The Greek and Greek Cypriot forces, as part of a political strategy, refuse to permit any of these 40,000 people so wishing to move into the safer Turkish-controlled areas. Rarely can one recall so many innocent people being held as hostages for political ransom.

I will be grateful to Your Excellency if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Ambassador Permanent Representative

74-23958 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/115O1 COUNCIL 9 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 7 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your attention the text of a cable sent by the Minister of Communications and Works of Cyprus to the Director-General of UNESCO concerning the looting of certain museums in Kyrenia) Cyprus, by the Turkish invasion forces, as follows:

11According to reliable sources, the Museum of Popular Arts and the Museum of Ancient Ship Wreckage are being looted, in contravention of the Chart of UNESCO.

11We request that you may send urgently observers of UNESCOto take measures for the protection of the Cypriot spiritual heritage• 11

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-23665 G3i UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11500 COUNCIL 9 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 7 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your attention the following:

On 22 August 1974, during the occupation of the village of Assia by the Turkish invasion forces, Mr. Michael Kasialos, popular artist (painter), did not want to abandon his poor house near the small church which he himself erected and painted at his village where he had his workshop and kept some of his best paintings. The Turkish soldiers visited him and took away 10 Cyprus pounds, all the money he had with him. At the beginning they told him to stay in the village and that he had nothing to fear about. On their second visit, however, because they asked him for more money but he did not have any to give, they ill-treated him by hitting him with their weapons and throwing him into the ground. He suffered seriou5 injuries from which he died after a week (on 29 August 1974) while he was in a philanthropic institution in Larnaca. Mr. Kasialos, who was born in 1885~ was awarded various international distinctions among which the Triennale of Bratislava (1968) and his participation at special invitation in the international exhibition in Munich of the best popular artists of the world.

A review of the artistic work of Mr. Kasialos was made by Polish Ignacy Witz (Bulletin Insita) on these lines:

"At the second Triennale of in site art in Bratislava in 1969 n_ot the classic works became the highlight of this event but the pictures of Michael Kasialos from Cyprus, which surprised visitors with freshness and immediateness of his vision that sprung out from domestic soil".

In another review, it was stated:

"He paints scenes from every-day life and festivities and he expresses the spirit of those remote times. The figures of his pictures, archaic in some cases, Byzantine in others, help in the release of his message, a message of serenity and propaganda of the peaceful and happy life of the past devoid of any signs of tensions of our technological age. Kasialos d~picts the reality of the past. He glorifies nothing, he falsifies nothing. With his childish intensity of feeling he paints what he knows rather than what he sees now. He selects from the past that which is a dream for the frustrated by the machine-spoiled environment of today.

74-23660 I ••• S/11500 English Page 2

"A genuine child of the country-side, he expresses the message of the village life in the plains, a message that reflects the peacefulness and innocence of the peasant-folk. He is deeply rooted in the long tradition of Cyprus and some of his paintings remind us of the wall paintings of the Byzantine churches in the island".

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11485/Corr.l COUNCIL 6 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 3 SEPTEMBER197,4 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Corrigendum

Second paragraph

Line 2 _should read from Turkey for settlement in t_he Greek areas of the northern part of Cyprus,

74-23544 UNITED NATIONS Distr • SECURITY GENERAL s/11485 COUNCIL 4 September 1974 ~ • ORIGII'i.A:W:ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 3 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE GECRETARY-GENER.AL

I have the honour to bring.to your attention the following:

Repeated international press reports indicate that Turks are being transported from Turkey for settlement in the fresh areas of the northern part of Cyprus, invaded and occupied by the Turkish invasion forces. According to the same sources, the Turkish authorities alleged that the people transported are Turkish Cypriots who had emigrated to Turkey especially during 1963-1964 and who are now returning to the island.

The above Turkish allegation is entirely unfounded and is aimed at confusing international public opinion as to the real purpose of the Turkish effort, which is nothing less than changing the composition of the population in areas where the Greek Cypriots were always in the majority. Official records refute the Turkish allegation. According to statistical and economic data of the Cyprus· Government, during the period from 1963 to 1971, in all 5468 Cypriot Turks emigrated, of these 3935 (72 per cent) went to the United Kingdom, 1021 (19 per cent) to Australia, 209 (3.8 per cent) to Turkey, and the rest to various other countries. Therefore, only 209 Turkish C'ypriots in all emigrated to Turkey between 1963 and 1971.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulate~ as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-23253 UNITED NATIONS ],ii;1tr. GENERAL SECURITY S/ll484 COUNCIL 4 September 1974 e ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETI'ERDATED 3 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERI-1ANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your attention the following text of a telegram by the President of the Cyprus Photographic Society to the President of the Federation internationaJ.e de l'art photographique:

"All photo and film archives, including rare negatives of Cyprus Photographic Society, kept by CPS at Bellapais, Kyrenia, looted and destroyed by Turks. Works of art from antiquity to Picasso, rare Byzantine icons and other items of art and culture stolen or destroyed. Please instruct our UNESCOrepresentative for immediate action and use your influence with all world societies members of FIAP to stress to their governments the urgency for diplomatic pressure to stop acts of vandalism."

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nat ions

74-23248 UNITED NATIONS Distr . SECURITY GENERAL S/11488/Add.l COUNCIL 6 September 1974 ~ • ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

REPORTOF THE SECRET.ARY-GENERALPURSUANT TO SECURITYCOUNCIL RESOLUTION 361 (1974)

Addendum

The following appeal for voluntary contributions to support the programme of emergency United Nations humanitarian assistance for Cyprus was cabled by the Secretary-General on 6 September 1974 to the Foreign Ministers of all States Members of the United Nations and members of the specialized agencies:

"The world has followed with serious concern the trag;ic events which have affected Cyprus. One of the saddest consequences of the recent hostilities is the plight of nearly one third of the island 1 s population rendered homeless and living under conditions of duress and extreme hardship.

During my recent visit to Cyprus, I was myself able to witness the extent of disruption and the resulting suffering of the innocent victims. I also observed the excellent effort already being made, both bilaterally and multilaterally, through the existing structure of the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

On 20 August 1974, after consultation with all the parties concerned, I · designated the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Sadruddin Aga Khan, as the United Nations co-ordinator of humanitarian assistance for Cyprus. After an initial assessment of immediate requirements made by him and his team in Cyprus, he approached Governments on 30 August for contributions in cash and kind needed during the coming weeks. I transmitted the High Commissioner's report on this subject to the Security Council on 4 September 1974 (s/11488).

Meanwhile it has been possible, in coordination with the authorities in Cyprus, to identify and cost the needs on a short-term basis. It is estimated that until the end of this year some !BUS22 million will be required from the international community.

Many uncertainties are inherent in the circumstances, and the full extent of the assistance needed from the international community will depend greatly on the evolution of the situation in Cyprus.

74-23583 / ... S/ll488/Add.l English Page 2

The support of the various programmes and specialized agencies of the United Nations is available to the High Commissioner, and a satisfactory mechanism of coordination exists both in Nicosia and Geneva to ensure the maximum effectiveness of the humanitarian effort, both bilateral and multilateral.

I earnestly appeal to the international community - to all Governments 5 non-governmental organizations and all men of goodwill•· to extend to the United Nations coordinator the necessary resources and financial means to carry out this humanitarian task.

Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration.

(Signed) Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General 11 1

UNITED NATIONS Distr . GENERAL SECURITY S/11488 COUNCIL 4 September 1974 ~ • ORIGINAL: ENGLISH REPORTOF THE SECRETARY-GENERALPURSUANT TO SECURITYC~UNCIL RESOLUTION 361 (1974)

1. This report is submitted in pursuance of paragraph 5 of resolution 361 (1974), which the Security Council adopted on 30 August 1974. In that resolution, the Council expressed its grave ~oncern at the plight of the refugees and other persons displaced as a result of the situation in Cyprus, requested the Secretary-General. to continue to provide emergency United Nations humanitarian assistance to all parts of the population in need of such assistance and to report to the C.ouncil at the earliest possible opportun~ty. ·

2. On 20 Aug~st 1974, I announced the appointment of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as co-ordinator of United Nations humanitarian assistance for Cyprus. The High Commissioner visited the island from 22 to 27 August 1974 to study the ··prbblem at first hand.

3. In the light of the Security Council resolution, I requested the High Commissioner to submit to me a report on humanitarian probleIIIq in Cyprus with special reference to the plight of the refugees. The High Commissioner prepared his report in .close co-operation with the Special Representative of the Secretary­ General in Cyprus and the Commander of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force, Tqe text of that report is attached.

4. The High Commissioner has informed me that, in order to meet the immediate needs, he has been in touch with the representatives of potential donor Governments. ·However, the problems left in the wake of the recent hostilities in Cyprus are of such magnitude that substantial resources will be required if the Secretary-General, and the High Commissioner in his capacity as co-ordinator for humanitarian assistance, are to be in a position to continue to provide emergency assistance as requested by the Security Council in paragraph 6 of its resolution 361 (1974) •. I therefore intend to make; before the end of this week, an appeal to Governments, non-governmental organizations and individuals to support the United Nations effort to assist the afflicted population of Cyprus, to provide relief and to endeavour to find a peaceful solution to the problem of refugees.

74-23402 / ... s/11488 English Annex Page 1

Annex

REPORTOF THE UNITEDNATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONERFOR REFUGEESTO THE SECRETARY-GENERALON HU1'4ANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN CYPRUS

Introduction

1. On 20 August 1974 the Secretary-General appointed me co-ordinator of United Nations humanitarian assistance in Cyprus. Preceded by two UNHCRofficials, I arrived in the island on 22 August 1974 and remained there· until 27 August.

2. During :rey stey in the island I had several occasions to meet with Acting P~esident Clerides and with Vice-President Denktash. I also attended on 26 August the joint meeting on humanitarian questions presided over by the Secretary-GeneraJ. with the Acting President and the Vice-President. In addition, I had. consultations with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus and the Commander of the United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus and met with senior members of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent, the chief delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as well as with representatives of potential donor Governments.

3. Thanks to the co-operation received from the authorities and the logistic support provided by UNFICYP, I visited by car and r.elicopter the British Sovereign Base Areas of Dhekelia and Episkopi where there are considerable numbers of displaced persons. I also toured the areas of Kyrenia, Kythrea, Larnaca, Limassol, the Tro·odos Mountains and Paphos and stopped to see some villages on the way. In the course of these visits, I had occasion to gather first-hand impressions of human sufferings and the extent of disruption. ·

The problem

4. A large number of Greek Cypriot displaced persons, estimated to be 163,800, have fled their homes in the northern part of the island and are now in the south. There are also an estimated 34,oooTurkish-Cypriots in the south. Of these numbers, some 50,000 Greek Cypriots and some 7,800 Turkish Cypriots.are in the British Sovereign Base Areas. In the south·there is, therefore, a total of some 197~800 persons in need. In the north there are an estimated 20,000 Greek Cypriots who did not or could not leave and a further 7,800 Turkish Cypriots who are homeless, making a total of 27,800 persons in need in the north and a total of 225,600 in the whole island. These figures were given locally to UNHCRby the Red Cross and the Red Crescent. It should be noted that not all 225,600 are displaced, as most of the Greek Cypriots in the north are still in their own homes, but deprived of their livelihood. The great majority of these are or shortly will be in need of assistance. I I 5. Related to the present situation are also other problems such as the care of

! I large numbers of livestock left behind on Greek Cypriot farms in the north and. I the maintenance of the irrigation of the citrus plantations. I •••

. I . i S/11488 English Annex Page 2

Assistance already provided

6. The immediate assistance is already being provided from several sources, both bilateral and multilateral. Since the second half of July, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has played a vital role not only in its traditional context of the Geneva"Red Cross conventions b~t also.in the provision of relief. Indeed, the ICRC has some 40 delegates on the island distributing relief assistance in close co-ope-ration and in many instances with the logistical support of UNFICYP.

7. Since the beginning of the hostilities in Cyprus in July 1974, UNFICYP has made all possible -efforts to assist the afflicted population. UNFICYP activities in suppprt of the humanitarian relief programme have included information gathering on conditions in towns and villages ,' providing supply convoys, giving medical assistance and escorts for medical and casualty evacuations, escorting work parties to repair power lines, transformers, generators and other essential services, assisting in tracing missing persons and protection, where necessary, of Turkish Cypriot villages . ··

8. Supplies for Turkish Cypriots come through the Red Crescent and for Greek Cypriots either through the Cyprus Government Welfare Department or the Red Cross . Four UNFICYP trucks are allocated permanently to move food and supplies to areas in need. Vehicles are allotted ori. a daily basis in response to requests frcim the agencies involved, and the supplies are delivered to their destination under UNFICYP escort, To date, 121 loads have been delivered, 92 _to Turkish Cypriots and 29 to Greek Cypriots. •

9. UNFICfil' provides medical assistance to the sick and infirm in isolated villages and co-operates in the evacuation of seriously ill patients by providing escorts by road, and if required, by helicopter.

10. Specific instances 9f successful UNFICYP intervention as regards public facilities include Pyroi ~ where the badly damaged transformer has now been repaired, and the power line from Nicosia to Kyrenia, which was broken at Kaimakli, and where work is proceeding under UNFICYP protection. A joint meeting of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot technicians is being arranged under UNFICYP auspices to consider the repair of the electricity supply to Lefkoniko.

11. The UNFICYP Civilian Police (UNCIVPOL) too is actively engaged in the humanitarian relief efforts. In addition to the tracing service established by the ICRC in line with its traditional work, a special UNFICYP missing persons bureau has been set up since 15 July 1974. About 2,180 persons have been reported missing, of whom 580 were located. It must be mentioned, however; that UNCIVPOL investigations in this regard and other related matters are hampered in ·Ghe north owing to restrictions of movement. UNCIVPOL co-operation with the ICRC is excellent and it is supporting the Red Cross efforts by visiting prisons and refugee camps .

/ ... s/11488 English Annex Page 3

Conclusions and future action

12. The economic and social disruption caused by the recent upheavals in Cyprus constitutes ·a serious obstacle to the efforts of local authorities to bring life back to norm~l. More than one third of the total population has been affected by the events. The condition of nearly a quarter of a million persons requiring humanitarian assistance has been mentioned in the above paragraphs. These groups include not only those homeless and uprooted who have had to leave one zone of control for another, but also sizable groups of Greek Cypriots in the Turkish zone and Turkish Cypriots in the Greek zone. They are mostly concentrated in identified areas where all protective measures possible under the circumstances are being taken. However, they are deprived of their livelihood and, in terms of assistance required, their situation is comparable to that of displaced persons.

13. Pending an amelioration of the over-all situation leading to some measure of socio:..economi c stability and enabling populations in rural and urban areas to pursue their normal means of :p.velihood, considerable efforts would be required of the international community to provide adequate humanitarian assistance in Cyprus. The assessment of requirements made on the spot calls for (i) immediate assistance required in coming days and weeks to save human lives and alleviate hardship; (ii) short-term assistance required over a period of several months, depending on the evolution of the over-all situation.

14. Du.ring the first phase, the United Nations efforts are to be concentrated on supplementing the humanitarian work already being carried out; on providing such basic assistance as medicameri-e's·, food, blankets, shelter etc., and on ·preventing duplication of relief to the extent possible, both through bilateral and multilateral channels. The need for such assistance is immediate and, given adequate means, niay be completed in the next !ew weeks.

15. Concurrently, efforts have to be made to provide assistance required over a longer period. The necessary planning for timely provision of required material as~istance is· being carried out. It is felt, in. this respect, that the full extent of· disruption will be more acutely felt by the population of Cyprus in general as the exist~ng meagre stocks run out.

16. The co-ordinator is represented in both zones. A satisfactory mechanism of consultation and co-ordination has been established both at UNHCRheadquarters level in Geneva and at the local level in Nicosia. In my capacity as United Nations co-ordinator of humanitarian assistance to Cyprus I have already approached Governments for contributions in cash and kind amounting to $US 9 million, in order to meet the immediate requirements. At the same time, needs for the short-term phase are being identified and costed and it is expected that the United Nations Secretary-General will be in a position during this week to appeal to Governments for their support.

17. It is clear that the situation of displaced persons and other elements of the Cypriot IJOpulation should not be .allowed to deteriorate into a more or less permanent burden. The support of the international comm.unity over the coming months would be critical in determining the future of these people. It is hoped that>' as in tqe case of.similar situations in the past, the international community will rise to this humanitarian challenge and respond generously to the Secretary­ General's appeal. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11499 COUNCIL 6 September· 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 6 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to draw to Your Excellency's attention and to protest two further and more serious violations of the 16 August cease-fire, committed by the Turkish occupation forces, namely:

1. In north-western Cyprus the Turkish forces have advanced their positions and occupied yet another village, thereby expanding the area illegally under their control.

2. Along the Nicosia 11green line 11 on the night of 5 September 1974, the Turkish forces opened heavy fire and advanced their positions in the Papbos Gate area. This provocative action~ in addition to involving a violation of the cease-fire, had as a consequence the heightening of tension creating a situation of increased tension and panic with all the grave consequences .involved.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

14-23603 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11496 COUNCIL 6 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 6 SEPTEMBER1974 'FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF GREECE TO THE UNITEDNATIONS .ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Referring to my previous letters circulated as documents of the Security Council, I have the honour to bring to your knowledge that the delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross have confirmed the information according to which all the able-bodied men of the village of Bellapais have been arrested by the Turkish army and most of them have already been sent to Turkey.

The number of the arrested civilians amounts to about two thousand.

All of them, despite the fact that they were arrested in the central square of their village and unarmed, are considered by Turkish authorities as 11prisoners of war".

Since the above 11label" of "prisoner of war" is in the present circumstances possible to be attributed to any Greek-Cypriot able-bodied man still living in the occupied part of Cyprus, the Turkish army has at any moment the possibility to send the whole Greek-Cypriot male population of the occupied area to Turkey.

I do not wish to use the term "barbarism" as Ambassador Olcay does in his letter .of 4 September (S/11489). At any rate his unwarranted and uncontrolled text matches well with his words. But I really deplore the need to denounce hereby the above policy of taking hostages among the civilian population and sending them away from their homes like human herds.

Nazis had the criminal sincerity of declaring openly their hatred for a certain race and their d~termination to exterminate it.

Attilas - faithful to history - do the same against the Greek-Cypriots, 30 years later, but under the fatherly smiles of their statesmen. One thing is certain: that promises of Attilas will come true. They will bring peace to the island. Eternal peace of death, desolation and destruction to the once prosperous island of Cyprus.

I will be grateful to Your Excellency if you would have this letter circulated as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Denis N. CARAYANNIS Ambassador Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations 74-23568 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11495 COUNCIL 6 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED31 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF GREECE TO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your knowledge the following:

According to information received, units of the Turkish occupation army have arrested approximately 1,000 inhabitants of the Karpassia area, shortly after this area was inspected by delegates of the International Red Cross Connnittee.

Information received subsequently confirmed the above arrests. This latter information added that Greek-Cypriots arrested in Karpassia were kept at the police station Saray in Nicosia. It is strongly believed that this is another sample of the well-known Turkish policy to arrest the able-bodied Greek-Cypriots in order (a) to exchange them as 11prisoners of war·' and (b) to oblige their families to abandon their homes and leave the occupied area of Cyprus.

I would be grateful, Your Excellency, if you could kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Denis CARAYANNIS Ambassador Permanent Representative of Greece -

74-23549 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/ll492 COUNCIL 5 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 5 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL '

Further to my letters of 20 and 22 August 1974, I have the honour to bring to your attention the following additional atrocities committed by the Turkish occupation forces in Cyprus:

1. On 30 August 1974, a statement was made by Andromachi Stylianou Karatsioli, 65 years old, to the effect that both she and her daughter were repeatedly raped by Turkish soldiers. They were taken, together with other persons, by UNFICYP·to the village of Astromeritis on 29 August 1974. Mrs. Karatsioli, her daughter and four others were taken later to the Nicosia General Hospital for medical examination. Of these, two women of 90 years of age each were kept in the hospital for treatment.

2. On 29 August 1974, it was reported by Yiakoumi Panayi Koulis of Peristerona (Famagusta) that his son, Panayiotis, with three co-villagers of his, went to the village to take care of their animals, but did not return. The next day, Koullis and his wife ;rent to the village and found their son and the three others dead.

3. Demetriou Christodolou Koumas of Ahna, shepherd, 51 years old, stated tflat although he and others raised their hands and surrendered, yet the Turks ill-treated them by hitting some of them on the head with their pistols.

4. It was reported by Athanasi Costea of Peristeronopighis, 16 years old, that the Turkish soldiers shot dead Panayiotin Poulli, Yiannin Brakkan and Antonin Psathan in cold blood. The soldiers then took away some other villagers in a truck, six of whom they shot and killed on the way and one of whom escaped.

'5. Constantinou Sophocleous of Mia Milia, 22 years old, reported that his son, Solon, a retarded boy, was shot dead in cold blood by the Turkish soldiers although they were told that he was retarded.

6. Costas Georghiou Marangos of Ardanon, Famagusta, aged 63, reported that the Turks from Topcugiiven, in an attempt to rape his wife, killed his grand-daughter by cutting her throat because she was screaming and stabbed his wife and left in the belief that she was dead.

74-23458 I •.. S/11492 English Page 2

7. On 30 August 1974, Turks set fire to the church of Ayios Georghios at the locality of Ayios Kasianos, Nicosia. As a result, the church was totally destroyed,

8. At the village of Patrikion, Karpasia, the Turkish soldiers rape Greek Cypriot women and exercise pressure on the Greek Cypriots who are concentrated there from the neighbouring villages, particularly on women and children.

9, At Karpasia, the Turks are taking steps to clean up the Greek Cypriot villages in the area. They arrest and torture women, children and old men inhumanely, and they loot houses, etc. A large number (about 2,000) of women, children and aged people of the area have been concentrated at the village of Galatia. Their living conditions are intolerable and the Turkish soldiers' behaviour unacceptable and inhumane. The residents of these areas have been calling for protection.

10. At the village of Galinoporni, the Turkish troops have concentrated a large number of women and children whom they treat as prisoners. Their living conditions are miserable and they receive animal treatment from the Turks.

11. At the village of Ak.anthou, about 700 women and children have been concentrated under unhygienic co~ditions and they are deprived of basic nutrition materials. They are calling for their rescue.

12. On 23 July 1974, in Phterykha, Kyrenia district, a Greek Cypriot woman namely Milia Ioanni Psoma, 65, was among a group of old people being led from the village. She sat down for a rest and was shot.

13. On 26 July 1974, near Trimithi, Kyrenia district, a national guard, Andreas Klonaros of Lapithos, 19, unarmed was shot dead by Turkish soldiers.

14. On 21 August 1974, in Karavas, Kyrenia di strict, the o,;mer of "The Church of Garden" and his two sons were shot by Turkish troops who then blew up the premises by mortar bombs.

15. On 23 August 1974, in the Kyrenia stadium, out of 200 soldiers and civilians in the stadium 30 were taken to the Turkish Cypriot part of Nicosia and were subsequently released. All the others were shot and killed.

16. On 17 August 1974, in Famagusta, the UNCIVPOLdiscovered a dead man on Odysses street and 2 dead men and 1· dead woman at 5 Parthenon street, all of them civilians. Their bodies were lying on the streets and pavements and all bore the marks of shooting.

17, On 19 August 1974, in Famagusta, at 0800 hours, UNCIVPOLsaw 2 dead men lying on their backs outside car DZ 363, killed by bullets. Both were buried on south-east corner of the cemetery in the vicinity of Kant street. / ... S/ll492 English Par,e 3

18. On 21 August 1974, in Tavros, Famagusta district, the United Nations Patrol was shown a house where approximately 30 minutes before three Turks had searched and attempted to rape three young girls, one of whom was shot. The Turks escaped to north of the village.

19. On 16 August 1974, in Monargo, Famagusta district, the United Nations Patrol was stopped by a man who claimed one Turkish soldier had forcibly detained his wife in the house.

20. On 19 August 1974, in Asha, Famagusta district, the United Nations Patrol found 70 Greek Cypriots hiding in the house. Among them were 7 United States citizens. They claimed that at least 6 civilians were killed by the Turkish troops when the village was being searched.

21. On 22 A.ugust 1914, in Tavros, Famagusta district" the United Nations Patrol saw the body of a young Greek Cypriot girl. Ey<=witnesses told that she was shot by a Turkish national soldier when she resisted an attempt to rape her and her two sisters. The International Press was in the village at that time and was aware of the details.

22. On 21-22 August 1914, in Famagusta town, a Greek Cypriot woman informed the local United Nations that she was raped by two Turks in front of her two children, aged 1 and 3, on the nights of 21 and 22 August. Medical examination of the victim by the United Nations determined her genitals badly mangled. There are bruises on several parts of_ .,ber body and severe pains from lower abdomen and b1,u.:1t. She is unable to raise herself from her bed and is in bad psychological condition.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter cir-culated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES _!\mbassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations ------

UNITED NATIONS Distr. SEC u-R IT Y GENERAL S/11493 COUNCIL 5 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 5 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE O~ TURKEYTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to enclose herewith a message dated 4 September 1974, addressed to you by Mr. Rauf R. Denkta~, Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus. I would be grateful if you could circulate this letter as an official document of the Security Council,

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations

I ... 74-23488 s/11493 English Page 2

Letter from Mr. Rauf R. Denkta$ ., Vice-P1·esident of the Republic of Cyprus addressed to the Secretary-General

You must have probably heard by now that another mass grave like the one in Atlilar (Aloa) village has been discovered at the village of Murataga (Maratha). Scores of bodies so far unearthed include bodies of babies, children, women and old men, which indicate that wholesale massacre of the inhabitants of the villages was resorted to. It is believed that this mass grave contains the bodies of all the Turks from Murataga (Maratha) and 18 Turks from Sandallar (Sandallaris). A villager who escaped by hiding is an eyewitness of the mass murder of unarmed civilians. It is feared that similar massacres have taken place in other ·1-urkish villages which have been overrun by Greek and Greek Cypriot forces. Information was passed on to Mr. Luis Weckmann-Munoz, your special representative in Cyprus regarding the massacre of about 50 to 90 Turks of Tas.kent (Tokhni) village. The eyewitness has now indicated the mass grave to the un'ited Nations but Greek Cypriot authorities deny the right to o:pen the grave and investigation of the massacre of these people by a special team of United Nations police.

While placing on record our most vehement protestation against these hideous crimes committed by Greek and Greek Cypriot gunmen against unarmed Turkish civilians of all ages, I appeal to you for immediate instructions to be given to UNFICYP patrols to visit all Turkish villages in Greek areas and to let us have news about the Turkish inhabitants living there as a matter of routine pending their removal to the Turkish region. These people live in daily terror of their lives and news of the discovery of such mass murders only increase their agony.

Your Excellency will appreciate tl1at it is absolutely necessary that UNFICYP should accept and take fuli responsibility for the lives of all Turks living in Greek areas as otherwise it will be incumbent upon us to take such steps as we deem necessary to ensure their protection.

I trust that this matter will receive Your Excelle~cy's most urgent and personal attention.

(Signed) Rauf R. DENKTAS Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus ------UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/ll492 COUNCIL 5 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 5 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNN'ED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Further to my letters or' 20 and 22 August 1974, I have the honour to bring to your attention the_following additional atrocities committed by the Turkish occupation forces in Cyprus:.

1. On 30 August 1974, a statement was made by Andromachi Stylianou Karatsioli, 65 years old, to the effect that both she and her daughter were repeatedly raped by Turkish soldiers. They were taken, together with other persons, by UNFICYPto the village of Astromeritis on 29 August 1974, Mrs. Karatsioli, her daughter and four others were taken later to the Nicosia General Hospital for medical examination. Of these, two women of 90 years of age each were kept in the hospital for treatment. __

. ' 2. On 29 August 1974, it_ was reported by Yiakoumi Panayi Koulis of Peristerona (Famagusta) that his son, ~anayiotis, with three co-villagers of his, went to the village to take care of their animals, but did not return. The next day, Koullis and his wife vent to the village and found their son and the three others dead.

3, Demetriou Christodolou Koumas of Ahna, shepherd, 51 years old, stated that although he and others raised their hands and surrendered, yet the Turks ill-treated them by hitting some of them on the head with their pistols.

4. It was reported by Athanasi Costea of Peristeronopighis, 16 years old, that the Turkish soldiers shot dead Panayiotin Poulli, Yiannin Brakkan and Antonin Psathan in cold blood. The soldiers then took away some other villagers_ in a truck, six of whom they shot and killed on the way and one of whom escaped.

'5. Constantinou Sophocleous of Mia Milia, 22 years old, reported that his son, Solon, a retarded boy, was shot dead in cold blood by the Turkish soldiers although they were told that he was retarded.

6. Costas Georghiou Marangos of Ardanon, Famagusta, aged 63, reported that the Turks from Topcugiiven, in an attempt to rape his wife, killed his grand-daughter by cutting her throat because she was screaming and stabbed his wife and left in the belief that she was dead.

74-23458 I .•• S/11492 English Page 2

7, On 30 August 1974, Turks set fire to the church of Ayios Georghios at the locality of Ayios Kasianos, Nicosia. As a result, the church was totally destroyed.

8. At the village of Patrikion, Karpasia, the Turkish soldiers rape Greek Cypriot women and exercise pressure on the Greek Cypriots who are concentrated there from the neighbouring villages, particularly on women and children.

9. At Karpasia, the Turks are taking steps to clean up the Greek Cypriot villages in the area. They arrest and torture women, children and old men inhumanely, and they loot houses, etc. A large number (about 2,000) of women, children and aged people of the area have been concentrated at the village of Galatia. Their living conditions are intolerable and the Turkish soldiers' behaviour unacceptable and inhumane. The residents of these areas have been calling for protection.

10. At the village of Galinoporni, the Turkish troops have concentrated a large number of women and children whom they treat as prisoners. Their living conditions are miserable and they receive animal treatment from the Turks.

11. At the village of Akanthou, about 700 women and children have been concentrated under unhygienic conditions and they are deprived of basic n~trition materials, They are calling for their rescue.

12. On 23 July 1974, in Phterykha, Kyrenia district, a Greek Cypriot woman namely Milia Ioanni Psoma, 65, was among a group of old people being led from the village. She sat down for a rest and was shot.

13. On 26 July 1974, near Trimithi, Kyrenia district, a national guard, Andreas Klonaros of Lapithos, 19, unarmed was shot dead by Turkish soldiers.

14. On 21 August 1974, in Karavas, Kyrenia district, the owner of "The Church of Garden" and his two sons were shot by Turkish troops who then blew up the premises by mortar bombs.

15. On 23 August 1974, in the Kyrenia stadium, out of 200 soldiers and civilians in the stadium 30 were taken to the Turkish Cypriot part of Nicosia and were subsequently released. All the others were shot and killed.

16. On 17 August 1974, in Famagusta, the UNCIVPOLdiscovered a dead man on Odysses street and 2 dead men and 1 dead woman at 5 Parthenon street, all of them civilians. Their bodies were lying on the streets and pavements and all bore the marks of shooting.

17. On 19 August 1974, in Famagusta, at 0800 hours, UNCIVPOLsaw 2 dead men lying on their backs outside car DZ 363, killed by bullets. Both were buried on south-east corner of the cemetery in the vicinity of Kant street. / ... s/11492 Ene-;lish Pae-;e 3

18. On 21 August 1974, in Tavros, Famagusta district, the United Nations Patrol was shown a house where approximately 30 minutes before three Turks had searched and attempted to rape three young girls, one of whom was shot. The Turks escaped to north of the village.

19. On 16 August 1974, in Monargo, Famagusta district, the United Nations Patrol was stopped by a man who claimed one Turkish soldier had forcibly detained his wife in the house.

20. On 19 August 1974, in Asha, Famagusta district, the United Nations Patrol found 70 Greek Cyprfots hiding in the house. Among them were 7 United States citizens. They claimed that at least 6 civilians were killed by the Turkish troops when the village was being searched.

21. On 22 August 1974, in Tavros, Famagusta district. the United Nations Patrol saw the body of a young Greek Cypriot girl. Eyewitnesses told that she was shot by a Turkish national soldier when she resisted an attempt to rape her and her two sisters. The International Press was in the village at that time and was aware of the details.

22. On 21-22 August 1974, in Famagusta town, a Greek Cypriot woman informed the local United Nations that she was raped by two Turks in front of her two children, aged 1 and 3, on the nights of 21 and 22 August. Medical examination of the victim by the United Nations determined her genitals badly mangled. There are bruises on several parts of lrer body and severe pains from lower abdomen and b~~~­ She is unable to raise herself from her bed and is in bad psychological condition.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11490 COUNCIL 5 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 3 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE Of CYPRUSTO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO 1HE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to Your Excellency's attention the following cease-fire violations committed by the Turkish occupation forces:

1. On 31 August 1974, the Turkish forces entered the village of Aheritou, Famagusta district, and took away 15 Greek Cypriots. On the same day, at 3.30 p.m., the corpses of Christodi Prodromou, aged b~, and Grigorias Georghiou Arkogiorkou, aged 60, were found at a distance of 500 metres north of the village. Both had their eyes taken out and their corpses filled with bullets.

2. After my letter dated 29 August 1974 addressed to you and published in document S/11478 regarding the cease-fire violation committed by the Turkish invasion forces through their occupation of the village of Ahna, these forces, who had in the mean time withdrawn, came back and reoccupied the village on 30 August 1974. This was reported by the press spokesman of UNFICYP.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter · circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11491 COUNCIL 5 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 5 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITED-NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the following appeal from the President of the Pancyprian Federation of UNESCOClubs at School:

His Excellency United Nati,ns Secretary-General Dr. Kurt Waldheim

We, the members of the United Nations Association of Cyprus, the Pancyprian-Federation of UNESCOClubs at School and the Associated Schools of UNESCOin Cyprus, who have for years pledged ourselves to be part of the people's movement for the United Nations, to support and further its high principles and aims and to promote tolerance, understanding, solidarity and co-operation among men throughout the world;

We, the members who have strived for the r~cognition of, and respect for, human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the world;

We, who have maintained full and active membership of the World Federation of United Nations Associations for years now;

With detp grief and anguish do appeal to you, Mr. Secretary-General, and to all member countries of the world community, to Governments and individuals calling them in the name of the oneness of mankind for which the United Nations Organization stands, to use all their influence and give their effective support so that the Security Council's resolution of 20 July 1974 concerning the Turkish invasion of Cyprus may be immediately applied and the foreign invading forces may be forced to withdraw from our land.

Ever since 20 July 1974 we have suffered grievous and numerous physical and material losses already known to the world, but perhaps the mental, moral and spiritual hurt on our people caused by the fact of apparent apathy and delayed effective action by the United Nations fellow-countries to use all their influence to stop the invasion, restore self-respect and individual dignity and help seek a just solution to our problem and not a solution imposed on us by the·force of arms, is far greater.

74-23442 I . .• S/ll491 English Page 2

Mr. Secretary-General, in spite of all these, we still believe in the global partnership of men, and we do call and appeal to you and to all Members of the United Nations Organization, to nations and to individuals who have pledged themselves to serve the cause of humanity to hear the plea we make and act irr.rr.ediately be~dre it is too late.

Christos PSILOINIS President of the Pan2yp:rian Fed.era~~ion of TJHESCOClubs at School

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11489 COUNCIL 5 September 1974 ORIGINAL: EiifGLISH

LETTERDATED 4 SEPTEMBER1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF TURKEYTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETAB.Y-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your attention and through you to the attention of the Security Council, the tragic discovery of yet another mass grave as witness of one more crime against humanity very recently committed by the Greek and Greek Cypriot gunmen.

The UNFICYPspokesman stated 0n 2 September 1974 that a mass grave had been discovered at the Turkish Cypriot village of Maratha (north-west of Famagusta) where to last evening 20 bodies had been found; two of these were children. He added that he had heard many more bodies were being dug this morning, United Nations Civil Police and UNFICYPpatrol were also pregent yesterday afternoon and this morning. The spokesman recalled that it was reported earlier that many Turkish Cypriot people from the village of Maratha and adjacent areas were missing.

The scene of this barbaric act was first discovered by mere coincidence by some Turkish journalists visiting the area on 1 September 1974. An elderly Turkish Cypriot whose life has been spared, not by the Greeks, but by his own hiding and sheer luck gave the clue. Twenty-five bodies were found the first day including two children with their hands tied.

In connexion with this monstrous act of barbarism which will no doubt be condemned by the civilized consciences everywhere, let me quote once more my letter dated 22 August 1974 to Your Excellency which was circulated as document S/11466:

"When I wrote to you on 29 July 1974 about the conditions faced by Turkish Cypriots in Greek controlled areas of the Island, I quoted myself as having said during the 1783rd meeting of the Security Council: I 'As opposed to what the media can see in the open war - and we deplore it, but after all, there is a war - what is happening in the hidden part of Cyprus is also a tragedy. I am afraid that in a few days, when mass graves are discovered, as has been the case in the past, when photographs are taken in the villages, world public opinion will once more shed tears, this time exclusively for Turks.'

I regretfully have to note once more that my worst fears based on my experience of the Greek Cypriot character are again being daily justified. The savage nature of their hatred of the Turks, vividly demonstrated for the last 11 years in Cyprus, is once more evidenced by events of the last few days. I do not dwell of course on other non-Turkish victims of this same savagery." 74-23422 I . .. S/11489 English Page 2

One wonders now if the two Greek representatives speaking at the 1795th meeting of the Security Council on 30 August 1974 have admitted that the Greeks were not angels because they anticipated such discoveries, The Greek representative representing the party more directly responsible for this massacre has even tried to outweigh this guilt-feeling which is bound to exist on his part by reading out stories and shameless allegations in the Security Council based on biased accounts and lies fabricated by the Greeks and published by their sympathizers. All of these lies, although well in the Greek tradition of which we have had more than a decade of experience, this time of course cannot suffice to create confusion about the reality of the situation in Cyprus. The cynical claims and allegations in Greek statements, about the Turks wishing to leave the Turkish enclaves and the Turkish leaders' forcefully preventing them are now bound to be condemned for their hypocrisy.

Who can be proud of owing a large part of his civilization to Greece, anymore? The ancient Hellenic civilization has all too evidently been replaced by Greek barbarism. I fear that at the time when I am writing this letter to you still new evidence about other massacres committed by the Greeks may be coming to daylight.

I will be grateful to Your Excellency if you wquld have this letter circulated as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Ambassador Permanent Representative ·uN I TE D N A TI O N S Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11481 COUNCIL 3 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 31 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF GREECE TO THE UUITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your knowledge that according to an information published on 28 August in the Turkish newspaper "GUNAYDIN",a decision has been taken by the Turkish competent authorities to send from Turkey to Cyprus workers and experts. This decision is allegedly justified by the need to prevent disastrous effects which the Cypriot economy will suffer for lack of workers after the Greek-Cypriots have left their properties,fieeing the Turkish army.

If it is true that urgent care of the crop and the livestock belonging to Greek-Cypriots is desperately and urgently needed, it is also obvious that it would be much simpler and efficient for the Turkish authorities to permit the owners of these lands and livestock to return to their properties and take care of them. Such a return would be, among others, in conformity with resolution 361 of the Security Council. By choosing though the means of transferring workers and experts from Asia Minor, Turkey shows that her real intentions are not aiming at facing the urgent problem of the island's economic situation, but at simply trying to change the demographic composition of Cyprus.

Thus, Turkey, after having committed aggression against an indpendent State and after having occupied a part of the Republic of Cyprus, is now having recourse to the anachronistic and inacceptable by the civilized world measure of colonizing the occupied part of a member State of the United Nations; and all this is being committed at a time when even the most hardcore colonial regimes are - at last - being abolished all over the world. I would be grateful, Your Excellency, if you could kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Denis CARAYANNIS Ambassador Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations

74-23119 ~ UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11480 COUNCIL 3 September 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 30 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERN..ANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF GREECE TO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRET.ARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your knowledge the following incidents showing a new practice adopted lately by the Turkish military forces, stationed in the Turkish sector of Nicosia: It consists of setting fire to Greek stores, churches, etc. situated in the Greek-Cypriot side of the green line. These acts of State terrorism, conducted by the Turkish military forces are aiming at making impossible for the Greek-Cypriots to save their properties and belongings even if these belongings are out of the Turkish occupied area.

On 29 August at 1 p.m., while a Greek-Cypriot merchant was trying to take merchandise out of his store, Turkish soldiers threw an incendiary grenade which caused the entire destruction by flames not only of the merchandise in question but also of a neighbouring tire supply store.

Later on the same day Turkish soldiers threw another incendiary grenade at a Greek store situated on the green line, thus causing a large conflagration in the area.

On 30 August another arson was committed by the Turkish soldiers in the morning, by setting fire to the Orthodox Church of Aghios Georgios in the district of Aghios Kassianos near the green line in Nicosia. The church was completely destroyed.

I would be grateful, Your Excellency, if you could kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Denis CARAYANNIS Ambassador Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations

74-23114 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/RES/36l (l974) COUNCIL 30 August l974

RESOLUTION361 (l974)

Adopted by the Security Council at its 1795th meeting, on 30 August l974

The Security Council,

Conscious of its special responsibilities under the United Nations Charter,

Recalling its resolutions 186 (1964), 353 (1974), 354 (l974), 355 (l974), 357 (1974), 358 (1974), 359 (1974) and 360 (1974),

Noting that a large number of people on the island have been displaced, and are in dire need of humanitarian assistance,

Mindful of the fact that it is one of the foremost purposes of the United Nations to lend humanitarian assistance in situations such as the one currently prevailing in Cyprus,

Noting also that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has already been appointed as Co-ordinator of United Nations Humanitarian Assistance for Cyprus with the task of co-ordinating relief assistance to be provided by United Jations programmes and agencies and fr~m other sources,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General contained in document S/ll473,

l. Expresses its appreciation to the Se~retary-General for the part he has played in bringing about talks between the leaders of the two communities in Cyprus;

2. Wa~mly welcomes this development and calls upon those concerned in them to pursue the talks actively with the help of the Secretary-General and in the interests of the Cypriot people as a whole;

3. Calls upon all parties to do everything in their power to alleviate human suffering, to ensure the respect of fundamental human rights for every person and to refrain from all action likely to aggravate the situation;

4. Expresses its grave concern at the plight of the refugees and other persons displaced as a result of the situation in Cyprus and urges the parties concerned, in conjunction with the Secretary-General, to search for peaceful

74-22983 I . .. S/RES/361 (1974) Page 2

solutions of the problems of refugees, and take appropriate measures to provide for their relief and welfare and to permit persons who wish to do so to return to their homes in safety;

5. Requests the Secretary-General to submit at the earliest possible opportunity a full report on the situation of the refugees and other persons referred to in paragraph 4 of this resolution and decides to keep that situation under constant review;

6. Further requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide e~ergency United Nations humanitarian assistance to all parts of the population of the island in need of such assistance;

7. Calls upon all parties, as a demonstration of good faith, to take, both individually and in co-operation with each other, all steps which may promote comprehensive and successful negotiations;

8. Reiterates its call to all parties to co-operate fully with UNIFCYP in carrying out its task;

9. Expresses the conviction that the speedy implementation of the provisions of this resolution will assist the achievement of a satisfactory settlement in Cyprus. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11479 COUNCIL 29 August 1974 ORIGIN~L: ENGLISH

Austria, France and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: dra:ft resolution

The Security Council,

Conscious of its special respo~sibilities under the United Nations Charter,

Recalling its resolutions 186 (1964), 353 (1974), 354 (1974), 355 (1974), 357 (1974), 358 (1974), 359 (1974) and 360 (1974),

Noting that a large number of people on the island have been displaced, and are in dire need of humanitarian assistance,

Mindful of the _fact that it is one of the foremost purposes of the United Nations to lend humanitarian assistance in situations such as the one c~rrently prevailing in Cyprus,

Noting also that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has already been appointed as Co-ordinator of United Natipns Humanitarian Assistance for Cyprus with the task of co-ordinating relief assistance to be provided by United Nations programmes and agencies and from other sources,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General contained in document S/11473,

1. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the part he has played in bringing about talks between the leaders of the two communities in Cyprus;

2. Warmly welcomes this development and calls upon those concerned in them to pursue the talks actively with the help of the Secretary-General and in the interests of the Cypriot people as a whole;

3. Calls upon all parties to do everything ih their power to alleviate human suffering, to ensure the respect of fundamental human rights for every person and to refrain from all action likely to aggravate the situation;

4. Expresses its grave concern at the plight of the refugees and other persons displaced as a result of the situation in Cyprus and urges the parties concerned, in conjunction with the Secretary-General, to search for peaceful

74-22965 I . .• s/11479 English Page 2 solutions of the problems of refugees, and take appropriate measures to provide for their relief and welfare and to permit persons who wish to do so to return to their homes;

5- Requests the Secretary-General to submit at the earliest possible opportunity a full report on the situation of the refugees and other persons referred to in paragraph 4 of this resolution and decides to keep that situation under constant review;

6. Further requests the Secretary-General to con~inue to provide emergency United Nations humanitarian assistance to all parts of the population of the island in need of such assistance;

-7. Calls upon all parties, as a demonstration of good faith, to take, both indi~idually and in co-operation with each other, all steps which may promote; comprehensive and successful negotiations;

8. Reiterates its call to all parties to co-operate fully with UNFICYP in carrying out its tasks;

9. Expresses the conviction that the speedy implementation of the provisions of this resolution will assist the achievement of a satisfactory settlement in Cyprus, UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/11478 COUNCIL 29 August 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 29 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS .ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to inform you·of a serious violation of the cease-fire committed by the Turkish' invasion forces on 28 August 1974 through their occupation of the village of Ahna. Although they withdrew early today, they took away with them ten persons from that village as prisoners of war.

My Government wishes to protest this violation in the strongest terms. ' I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-22960 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11477 COUNCIL 29 August 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 29 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERM.A.NEUTREPRESENTATIVE OF TURKEY TO THE UNITED NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRET.ARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to transmit to Your Excellency the letter of Mr. Rauf D2nktas, Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus, reearding the scheduled meeting of the Security Council today, 29 August 1974.

I shall be grateful to Your Excellency if you would kindly have this letter and its enclosure circulated as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations

74-22955 I ••• s/11477 English Page 2

Letter from Mr. Rauf Denktas~ Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus addressed to the Secretary-General I

It has come to my knowledge that the Greek Cypriot administration, through Mr. Zenon Rossides, has asked for an extraordinary meeting of the Security Council. Mr. Rossides cannot represent the Republic of Cyprus. Hence, the request for convening an extraordinary meeting of the Security Council is a unilateral action taken by the Greek Cypriot administration without any consultation with me. While on the one hand, the Greek Cypriot leaders are advertising their willingness to,co-operate with me as the Vice-President of the Republic for establishing peace in the Island, on the other hand, they are resorting to a unilateral action in asking for an extraordinary meeting of the Security Council. This behaviour is not compatible with peace efforts; nor does it indicate any appreciation of the fact that Cyprus is a binational State. It is the disregard of this basic factor and the attempt to make the binational State of Cyprus a Greek State which are at the root of our troubles.

I sincerely hope that.the Security Council will not encourage this conduct. The refugee problem is a problem common to both communities and the fact remains that for 11 years the Greek Cypriot authorities have refused the rehabilitation of 24,oob Turkish Cypriots. And now 50,000 Turks in the Greek sector, who live in daily fear of their lives, are seeking asylum in the Turkish region of Cyprus. Twenty thousand of these are new refugees who had all their property and livestock ransacked and looted by Greek gunmen.

It would therefore be unjust to consider one side's appeal without examining all the facts of the case and without giving the Turkish commu..nity a chance to be heard. Under these circumstances, any decision taken in our absence and withou~ hearing the Turkish Cypriot point of view can only endanger our peace efforts. Moreover, a decision taken at the request of one side without hearing the other side shall be arbitrary and undefensible, morally and legally.

I shall be grateful if the contents of this communicat.i on arc brought to the knowledge of a.11 mP.mhPrR n-r thP Security Council.

(Signed) Rauf DENKTAS Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus UNITED NATIONS Distr. GENERAL SECURITY S/ll474 COUNCIL 28 August 1974 ORIGINAL:_ENGLISH

LETI'ERDATED. 28 AUGUST197li FROMTHE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF TURKEY 'IO THEUNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED 'IO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ~

I have the honour to communicate to Your Excellency the .text of the declaration of the Turkish Government, issued yesterdey-', 27 August.

I would be grateful if you could circulate this letter as a docl.llllent of the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Ambassador Permanent Representative

,.....,..

I .•. 74-22889 S/U474 English Page 2

Declaration issued by the Government of Turkey on 27 August 1974

The independence of the State of Cyprus, based by international agreements on the acceptance as an historic and social reality of the existence and perpetuation of two distinct connntmities on the island - the Turks and the Greeks - and the maintenance of a balance between the rights of the two communities as a basic factor of the independence and entity of the Republic of Cyprus, was entrusted to three guarantor Powers, Turkey, Greece and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - three countries that have had historic ties of varying degrees with Cyprus.

The upsetting of the balance regarding the rights of the two communities, the flagrant violation of the Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus and the illegal massing of military forces from Greece, resulted, during the Makarios administration, in establishing a situation whe·reby Greece could freely and increasingly interfere in the internal affairs of the Republic and endanger its independence, as we-J.l as causing continuous internal--strife, not only among the Turks and the Greeks but even within the Greek community itself. In the meantime, all the constitutionaJ. rights and guarantees of the Turkish connnunity were usurped, the members of this comm.unity were suppressed politically and economicaJ.ly and they had to endure continuous discrimination as well as periodic ,massacres.

Finally the military regime o~ Greece carried its interference and military presence to the 'point of virtually ending the last remnants of the independence of Cyprus and took complete control of the administration, through a bloody coup and an internal war. This was obviously intended to achieve de :facto ~nosis, annexation of Cyprus to Greece.

It was at this stage that the Republic of Turkey had to take the initiative and to exert her right and duty as a guarantor State with the sole objective of restoring the independence of the Republic of Cyprus, of establishing peace and order on the island and of providing for the security of the Turkish comm.unity.

The Turkish Government bas had no knowledge of attempts on the part of NATOto "liquidate the Republic of Cyprus as an independent and sovereign State or "to turn 11 the territory of Cyprus into a NATO stronghold , as alleged in the statement of the Soviet Government. The illegal actions of Greece might have produced such results, but they were checked and prevented by the measures that Turkey promptly took as a guarantor State.

The present Greek Government's criticism of NATO for not having intervened in the Cyprus problem may indeed by interpreted !'tS an indication of that country's desire to involve NATOin Cyprus. But, in the view of the Turkish Government, NATO has had no right to be involved in Cyprus in ·any way, since the Republic of Cyprus has never been a member of NATO and remains outside the scope of the collective security arrangements undertaken by that ·ailiance. The membership of Turkey, Greece and the United Kingdom in NATOis not connected with, and should not influence, their status as guarantor States for Cyprus.

I ••• S/ll474 English Page 3

The independent and sovereign State of Cyprus should have full authority to decide her own foreign policy, without any interference by any of the guarantor States. Turkey has always attached great value to the easing of tension in the eastern Mediterranean and accepts the view that Cyprus would best serve peace and stability in this area by following her own independent foreign policy line. It was with this understanding that Turkey has shown full respect to the policy of non-alignment of the State of Cyprus. The possibility of Cyprus coming within the collective security system of NATO could have arisen if the whole or part of Cyprus were to be annexed to a member country of that alliance, and Turkey intends to resist, as in the past, such an annexation.

One of the main reason~ for Turkey's -Objection to Greece's enosis ideal or to the prospects of partition of Cyprus has been its sensitivity to the independence of Cyprus regarding her external relations as well as her internal affairs.

It is in the same spirit that Turkey, while appreciating the constructive attitude taken by the Soviet Union since the very beginning of the Cyprus conflict, is reserved about the Soviet suggestion for involving a large number of States in the Cyprus issue. This, we fear, would inevitably result in the limitation of the independence of Cyprus and would infringe upon the will of the peoples of Cyprus.

Furthermore, such a practice would open the way for the permanent members of the Security Council to decide the status and policies of other countries whenever and wherever a country is faced with problems that. may cause some degree of international concern. .·- .

The risks that such a situation could create for the independence of those countries should be appreciated.

Moreover, the experiences of the recent past do not sufficiently demonstrate that some permanent members of the Security Council have always acted in compliance with the principles of impartiality, fairness and objectivity in connexion with the settlement of al.l international issues. On the contrary, on some occasions it has been possible to observe that particular considerations have prevailed over justice.

There is another reason for our reserve about the Soviet suggestion of directly involving a large number of countries in the Cyprus issue; such an arrangement weuld prolong the discussions indefinitely, thereby creating a situation in which both conmitmities on the island would have to consolidate, in view of the complete absence of an effective and constitutional Government, their autonomous administrations, and this might inevitably result in partition. We have already had suspicions that this may have been the main objective of Greece in her refusal to attend the Geneva Conference. In fact, while on one hand professing attachment to the principle of the independence and integrity of Cyprus, the Greek Government has been talking at the same time about international "hellenism" and "spiritual" or virtual enosis - these being ideals that would hardly be compatible with the independence and territorial. integrity of the State of Cyprus.

Under the circumstances, Turkey believes that negotiations on Cyprus, within the framework already drawn up by the Security Council, should be resumed without delay· and that ·the three guarantor Powers specifically named in Security Council decision 353 should promptly help to create such conditions as would enable the I .•• , I I S/11474, Engl:i,sh i' • I Page 4

I parties to reach a final settlement. As indicated in the Geneva J?eclaration, the three guarantor Powers have decided to reach that settlement with the full participation of the representatives of the two autonomous communities in Cyprus. It goes without saying that' the new status of the State of Cyprus must essentially have the approval of .these two communities, which, with the assistance of the three guarantor Powers, will be re?,ched through riegotiations.

We would like to confirm, in this connexion, Turkey's commitment to the Geneva Declaration of 30 July, in accordance with which it in,tends to start timely ahd phased reduction of its forces on the island· as ·soon as the conditions stipulated in the said Declaration begin to emerge. · '

It should be admitted by all that talks and threats about enosis and "guerrilla warfare", the verified reports of massacres committed against tmprotected groups of the Turkish community and the continued internment and torturing of thousands of unarmed Turkish Cypriots in flagr/3,Ilt violation of international rules and of the provisions of the Geneva Declaration of 30 July, are not conducive to the creation of an atmosphere for either fruitful negotiations within any framework or the phased reduction of military forces on the island.

The establishment of peace and security on the island, which we are striving ·for, would certainly facilitate and speed up the reduction of Turkish forces that were sent to Cyprus in Turkey's capacity as· a guarantor State. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11475 COUNCIL 27 August 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 27 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honour to bring to your attention that Turkey has unilaterally and arbitrarily declared the sea areas around Cyprus and enclosed by 34 DGRS 59' N 33 DGRS 56' E II II 34 22' N 34 50 I E 36 " 00 1 N 35 " 22 1 E 36 II 15' N 30 " 00 1 E 34 II 00' N 30 " 00' E 34 II 00' N 32 " 28 1 E 34 " 40 1 N 32 " 43 1 E 34 II 43' N 33 " 07' E 34 " 00' N 33 " 50' E 34 II 12' N 34 " 07' E 34 " 57' N 33 II 40 1 E as prohibited areas for free navigation of ships. As a result, Cyprus ports and the said sea areas around Cyprus have been affected with the exemption of two narrow strips leading to the British sovereign base areas of Dhekelia and Episkopi and the Port of Limassol, which happens to be adjacent to Episkopi. The Republic of Cyprus strongly protests against this unilateral and arbitrary action by Turkey which affects the freedom of shipping in the eastern Mediterranean, deters ships from calling at Cyprus ports and crews from serving on ships bound for Cyprus, and has resulted in the imposition of high insurance rremiums.

It is earnestly requested that this situation be given urgent consideration with a view to measures for the immediate termination of the aforesaid unilateral and arbitrary action by Turkey, despite cease-fire arrangements following recent Security Council resolutions.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-22894 Gil UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL S/11471 COUNCIL 27 August 1974 ORIGINAL:\ ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 27 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENTOF THE SECURITYCOUNCIL \

On instructions from my Government, I have the honour to request that a meeting of the Security Council be held to consider the grave situation in Cyprus, including the refugee ~roblem, and more particularly that arising from the expulsion by force and terror of the whole Greek-Cypriot population from their homeland in the invaded territory. I request that the meeting be held on Thursday, 29 August 1974, in order to allow time for the Secretary-General's return to the Headq~art ers • (Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations

74-22755 UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURl'TY GENERAL S/11470 COUNCIL 27 August 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 26 AUGUST1974 FROM~HE CHARCrED'AFFAIRES A.I. OF THE PERMANENTMISSION OF THE GERMANDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC TO THE UNITED . NATIONSADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I should be grateful to you if you circulated es an official document of the Security Council the attached statement of a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs· of the German Democratic Republic of 23 August 1974.

(Signed) Dietmar HUCKE Charge d'Affaires a.i.

74-22750 I .. . S/11470 English Page 2

Statement of 23 August 1974 by a spokesman for ~he Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the German Democratic Republic on the Cyprus Question

The GDRGovernment supports the proposal of the Soviet Government to convene, within the framework of the United Nations, an international conference to settle the Cyprus conflict in which shall participate Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and all States members of the Security Council and to which other States, in particular non-aligned countries, could also be invited.

The situation that has emerged in Cyprus as a result of the plot of certain NATOcircles against the constitutional government of the Republic of Cyprus continues to be complicated and tense.

Attempts of the militarist circles of NATOto eliminate the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus, a.non-aligned country, are continuing. Now as before these circles are seeking to transform the territory of the Mediterranean island into a NATOstronghold. Engineering their criminal machinations which run counter to the interests of the Cypriot people and threaten international peace and security, they trample upon international law and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Equally obvious is the complete failure of the "guarantees II imposed upon Cyprus under the Agreements of Zurich and London. The resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations aimed at ending foreign intervention, the immediate withdrawal of foreign troops, and the restoration o'f the constitutional regime in Cyprus have not been implemented. Foreign troops were not withdrawn but reinforced. Bypassing the Security Council, attempts are being made in a closed NATOsetting, behind the back of the Cypriot people, to attain the goal of subjecting Cyprus·to the interests of that aggressive pact.

In view of these facts which do not only increase and prolong the suffering and sacrifices of the Cypriot people, but also run counter to the process of international detente and prejudice the interests of all peoples, the Government of the GDRreiterates its strong position that the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus must be defendeu. It deems it necessary that effective measures should be taken, in accordance with the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, to de.fend the Republic of Cyprus against any foreign interference, to achieve the withdrawal of all-foreign troops and to enable the Cypriot people to decide for themselves matters affecting their State.

It is therefore high time that a representative forum of States was convened to consider the Cyprus question. The conference proposed by the Soviet Union would be highly instrumental in preparing effective. decisions and guaranteeing their implementation. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL \ s/11469 COUNCIL 27 August 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 27 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF GREECETO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

The Turkish Government has been embarking upon an endeavour to divert the attention of international public opinion from the atrocities committed by the Turks in Cyprus • ·

To this end, it inaugurated a campaign of slander against the very victims of Turkey's aggression, the Greek-Cypriots.

One of the great slanders which the Turkish authorities contrived was the so-called "discovery" of a grave with "57 bodies" or, according to another version, "the bodies of all the inhabitants of the village Aloa".

The following paragraph of the United Nations press release CYP 771 dated 21 August 1974 gives some idea of the "truthfulness" of the Turkish allegations :

"In response to a question about a grave in the village of Aloa north-west of Famagusta, the Chief Information Officer of UNFICYPstated that UNFICYP police were present yesterday and had seen five bodies in the grave. The UNFICYPpolice requested permission to investigate further but were informed by the Turkish authorities that that was not necessary as they had completed their investigation".

It is obvious that without an impartial investigation no allegation could be internationally confirmed since the official report· of the United Nations spokesman leaves without reply questions concerning the number of the victims, the circumstances of their death as well as their very nationality.

It is also evident that, had the above allegation been true, the Turkish authorities would welcome whole-heartedly an international investigation by the UNFICYPpolice.

Finally, it should be noted that the statement contained in the annex of .Am.bassador Olcay' s letter of 22 August 1974, according to which "the investigation is still going on" runs counter to the UNFICYPofficer's statement quoted above and dated one day before the letter from the Permanent Representative of Turkey. According to this st·atement, the Turkish authorities considered as "not necee:sary"

74-22745 I • .•

·.. , s/11469 English Page 2 the UNFICYP demand for further investigation· 11as they {the Turks) had completed 11 their investigation •

- I would. be grateful, Your Excellency, if you could kindly have this letter circulated·as a document o~ the Security Council.

(Signed) Denis CARAYANNIS J .Arilbass ador

.{

I.

' ,.

,- UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11467 COUNCIL 23 August 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 23 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUSTO THEUNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I have the honm,.r to bring to your attention the consequences of the Turkish invasion on the economic life of the Republic of Cyprus, as given by the Government spokesman:

It is very difficult at this juncture to quantify all damage and future repercussions on the Cyprus economy as a result of the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. It is even more difficult to estimate accurately the damage incurred in the areas controlled by the Turkish invading forces in terms of residential buildings, hotels, factories, etc., bombed o~ of other properties alreaqy lost·. What follows is a first attempt to estimate the economic consequences of the invasion on the economy~

Since the invasion, the whole economy has been disrupted. It is estimated that the country is forgcii-;g about 2 million pounds worth of production every day. So far, more than 60 million pounds of production has been lost because of the standstill in economi.c activity. Virtually the whole of the labour force is unemployed or seriously underemployed, com;pared with the state of :full employment which existed before the invasion.

More than 200,000 p~rsons, representing about 4o per cent of the Greek ~population of the Island, have been displaced from their homes and peaceful · occupations to refugee camps, living under lamentable conditions, underfed and facing the serious problem of survival, owing to malnutrition and hygienic hazards.

It is estimated that over 50,000 households have been broken up and forcibly expelled, leaving behind all their properties. The household movable properties alone are estimated to be of the order of 50~100 million pounds. out of these properties, even those which may not be further looted will be destroyed by time. In addition, goods left in warehouses, fields, factories and shops in the Turkish controlled areas amount to many millions of pounds. Another serious damage which cannot be expressed in pecuniary terms is the destruction by bombings of an area of 100 square miles of prne-wood forests, which represents about one :fifth of the main State forests. Tourist activity, which was expected to fetch more than 30 million pounds of foreign exchange earnings this year, has suffered the worst blow of all sectors and the negative consequences are expected to last for a number of years.

74-22596 I ••• S/ll46'7 English Page 2

Hundreds of thousands of animals are dying because of lack of food and veterinary care or are slaughtered to feed the invading army. Citrus orchards worth millions of pounds and other plantations fetching more than 10 million pounds of income every year are in danger of irreparable destruction because of not being watered.

Nevertheless, an off-hand estimate places the damage at 350 million pounds, a sum which most probably will prove to be inferior to the real financial damage. This same amount should a1s·o be considered not as an absolute figure but within the context of t_he Cypriot economy and in comparison with its potentialities.

In order to underline the importance of the disaster that this figure represents for a small country like Cyprus, it should be remarked that the amount of 350 million pounds corresponds to llyears of expenditure in the Cyprus general budget (19'70: 32 million pounds) which for the United States, for example, wo'Uld be 2.1 trillion dollars.

The above-estimated figure does not include other damage that will unavoidably result in the future from the Turkish invasion, such as:

(a) Livestock belonging to Greek-Cypriots and left' in occupied areas without water or food die in masses every, day. Turkish military authorities do not permit the Greek-Cypriots to approach their livestock, with the pretext that th~y will be taken care of ,by the Turkish authorities;

(b) Iri. the orange plantations of the Morphou region, the trees are not being watered and irl. the midsummer if this situation lasts for a few more days, the entire system of plantations, which has been created after many years of work and with considerable expenditure, will be completely lost.

(c) The Turkish occupation has already covered 4o per cent of the Cypriot territory which, however, corresponds to '70 per cent of the agricultural production and to the same percentage of the whole economic life of the country, for the ' following r~asons:

Turkish forces control the most fertile areas of Messaoria and Morphou, the lemon plantations of Lapithos and Karavas, the olive plantations of the Kythrea, Kyrenia·and Soleas, the orange plantations of Morphou and Famagusta, the water resources of Lapithos and Kythrea, the tourist installations of Kyrenia and Famagusta, a great part of various industrial areas of Nicosia etc.

The territory controlled by Turkish forces at present is more than 40 per cent of the total area of the island. In this area the inhabitants were 80 per cent Greeks and 20 per cent Turks. The area comprises almost all the Messaoria plain, east and west, the Kyrenia district and the Karpass Peninsula. It is the almost exclusive cereal-, carob- and olive-producing and the main citrus-, vegetable-, meat-, milk- and egg-producing area of Cyprus. It contains two thirds of the· tourist activities, 55-60 per cent of the industrial activity, 65 per cent of tbe ·cultivated land, 60 per cent o_f the underground water resources, 60 per Cl?nt of the

I ..• '\ \ \ s/11467 English Page 3 mining and quarrying activities (almost 100 per cent of the quarrying activities), the main port of CY]?rus at Famagusta, through which 83 per cent of the general cargo was handled, and the main specialized port at Karavostassi, through which 85 per cent of the minerals were handled. In other words, the economic significance of this area is much more important that its size. It is estimated that about 70 per cent of total gross production from all sources emanates from this area, not to mention the immense wealth of physical assets, resources and structures situated there in the form of hotels and hotel apartments, houses, factories, orchards, arable and irrigated fertile land, mineral and quarrying resources, water resources and high valued tourist land; \ (d) The total number of refugees and· deported persons amounts to 200,000, i.e. 40 per cent of the Greek-CY]?riot population of the Island. Among them 100,000 have sought refuge in the Larnaca r~gion, 50,000 in the region of Limassol, and 50,000 in the region of Paphos and in the mountainous areas arovnd. Most of them sleep in the open air or under improvised shelters and have a most urgent need for tents, blankets, food, etc. There is an obvious danger, as well, of epidemics. ·

From the above figur~s, jt can be concluded that in 1974 the gross national product of the whole Island will be significantly reduced to perhaps half of its average size, whereas investment and other physical wealth has been badly damaged with negative consequences for years to come.

The Turkish Cypriots, despite their share of 18 per cent in total population, were contributing less than 10 per cent to the gross domestic product. The land registered in the names of Turkish people and organizations represents only 12.8 per cent of the total area of CYJ?rus compared to 58.8 per cent registered in the names of the Greeks and l.4 per cent in others. Even if the remaining 27 per cent of forest, State and communal land is distributed between the Greeks and the Turks in accordance with the population proportions, the Turks are ~ntitled to only 17.9 per cent of the total area of Cyprus.

I should be grateful if Your Excellency would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES Ambassador Permanent Representative of CY]?rus . to the United ~ations ----- UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL. S/11466 COUNCIL 23 August 1974 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED22 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF 1URKEY TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

When i wrote to you on 29 Juiy 1974 about· the conditions faced by Turkish Cypriots in Greek controlled areas of the island, I quoted myself as having said during the 1783rd meeting of the Security Council:

11As opposed to what the media can see in the open war - and we deplore it, but after all, there is a war - what is happening in the hidden part of Cyprus is also a tragedy. I am afraid that in a few days, when mass graves are discovered, as has been a case in the past, when photographs are taken in the villages, world public opinion will ortce more shed tears, this time exclusively for Turks. 11

I regretfully have to note once more that my imrst fears based on my experience of the Greek Cypriot character are again being daily justified. The savage nature of their hatred of the Turks, vividly demonstrated for the last 11 years in Cyprus, is once more evidenced by events of th~ last few days. I do not dwell of course on other non-Turkish victims of this same savagery.

, I am enclosing a list of further Greek atrocities in Cyprus, with my renewed hope that this list will be helpful to you in supervising the activities of UNFICYPin the fulfilment of its ma.ndate, and to the member States in evaluating the situation more accurately.

I shall be grateful if Your Excellency would circulate this letter as an official document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Ambassador Permanent Representative

74-22558 I . •. s/11466 English Page 2

Annex

1. Fifty-seven of the Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of Altilar (Aloa), a small village near Magosa (Famagusta), were slaughtered by the Greek Officers and the National Guard under their command. A mass grave which was discovered near the village first yielded the bodies of two children, one of them about two years of age, and their mother clutching them.

According to the information given by three survivors, the National Guard first killed the male population and took away women and children who were murdered after continuous rape and abuse.

The investigation is still going on.

2. The National Guard and elements from EOKA-Battacked and captured Aydin (Ayios Ioannis) near Baf (Paphos) on 5 August 1974. After some heavy looting, in which Greek Cypriot women also took part, the following persons were sorted out and shot:

1. Sava§ Halil 21 years old (Driver) 2. Elmas Salih 32 II 11 3. Huseyin Bilal 42 11 " (Farmer) 4. Zeki Salih 38 II Ii (Teacher) 5. Osman Ahmet (Teacher) 6. Halil Salih 30 ii ii (Driver) 7. Kudretiye Halil 70 II II (Housewife)

Halil Salih and Kudretiye Halil survived their wounds and are now in a hosp~tal. Halil Salih lost his eyes. The others were not so lucky.

3. A new concentration camp has been established by the Greek Cypriots in Binatli (Polemithia) near Limasol {Limassol). An initial 150 Turkish Cypriots were rounded up and transferred to the camp. UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11465 22 August 1974 COUNCIL ENGLISH ORIGINAL: RUSSIAN

LETTERDATED 22 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNIONOF SOVIET SOCIALISTREPUBLICS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS A~DRESSEDTO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

I should be grateful if you would circulate as an official document of the Security Council the statement concerning Cyprus issued by the Government of the USSR on 22 August 1974. The text of the sta-tement is enclosed.

(Signed) Y. MALIK Permanent Representative of the USSR to the United Nations

74-22535 / ... s/1.1465 English Page 2

STATEMENTBY THE GOVERNMENTOF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS.

The situation on Cyprus and around it remains tense. The militarist circles in .NATOare not ceasing their attempts to liq_uidate the Republic of Cyprus as an independent and sovereign State pursuing a_ policy of non-alignment and to dismember it, making the te:r;-ritory of Cyprus into a NATO stronghold in the Eastern Mediterranean. The imperialist forces are playing a criminal game against the Cypriot people, resorting to the most unseemly means, violating international law and the United Nations Charter. The putsch and. crude military interference are being followed by behind-the-scenes diplomatic manoeuvres behind the backs of the Cypriot people and to the detriment of their interests.

The imceasing bloodshed on the island is a result of outside interference in the internal affairs of the Republic of Cyprus. The economy of Cyprus is disorganized; the Cypriot people· is experiencing grave privations and sufferings. Tens of thousands of Cypriots had to ·nee their homes, creating a huge arm

The Security Council's resolutions on ·the immediate ending of foreign military intervention against the Republic of Cyprus, the withdrawal of foreign troops from its territory and the restoration of constitutional order in Cyprus remain unfulfilled. Foreign troops not only are not being withdrawn from Cyprus but, on the contrary, are being further built up. The repeated statements by statesmen of countries direptly responsible for the events in Cyprus about intention to implement the Security Council's decisions are not being followed up by specific deeds. \ Attempts to settle the Cyprus problem within the narrow circle of NATOmember States, bypassing the Security Council and its decisions, have failed and led only to the resumption of hostilities on Cyprus. This demonstrated once again the complete bankruptcy of so-called "guarantees" imposed on Cyprus under the Zurich­ London agreements. Not only have these so-called "guarantees" failed to ensure peace and q_uiet for the Cypriot people, but they are virtually being used in interests alien to the Cypriot people.

The Soviet Union firmly and consistently defends the independence of the Cypriot State - a Member of the United Nations - and the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. The Soviet Government deems it necessary to take effective measures to protect the Republic of Cyprus from outside interference~ ensure the withdrawal of all foreign troops from the territory of Cyprus and give the Cypriots an opportunity to solve the problems of their country by themselves.

This position was expressed with utter clarity in the Soviet Government's statements in connexion with the events on Cyprus and was emphasized in the course of vigorous contacts with the Governments of' interested countries. The steps taken by the Soviet Union in the United Nations and the Soviet proposal to send a mission of' the Security Council to Cyprus f'tilly accord -with this attitude.

I •.• s/11465 English Page 3

The Cyprus problem cannot be solved either with the aid of military force.or by way of political dictates to that sovereign State. Talks on this problem within the closed circle of States belonging to the military-political grouping that wants to subordinate Cyprus to its militarist interests could bting nothing but new dangers for the people of Cyprus. It is also necessary to bea¼ in mind that the development of events in and around Cyprus is running counter to t~e process of the easing of international tension, ·and for this reason concerns th~ vital interests of all peoples.

In view of all these aspects of the matter, the Soriet Government considers that the time has come for a representative forum of Stites, mirroring the political image of the mo&ern world, to take up the disqussion of the Cyprus problem. With this aim in view, it has become urgent t~ convene an international conference within the framework of the United Nations wi1th the participation of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey and all States members of the Sec\uri ty Council·. Of course, other countries could also be involved in the conference!, specifically from among the non-aligned countries. It is at such a representati~e international conference that it will be possible, jointly and with the direct pa1·ticipation of representatives from the Republic of Cyprus, to work out decisions that would effectively ensure the existence of Cyprus as an indepen ent, sovereign and territorially integral State and would meet the interests\ of the Greek and Turkish Cypriots. :

I As is known; the United Nations Ch~rter places speci~l responsibility for the maintenance of internati..9nal peace and security on th~ permanent members of the Security Council, which have.the necessary means to ensurJ full implementation of decisions adopted.· These States could jointly or paralle~y provide appropriate effective guarantees of the independence, sovereignty and ~erritorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus, guarantees of th~ implementatioµ of the decisions adopted by the international conference on Cyprus. Their $Upport of the proposal to convene such a conference could accelerate the realization of this important international under~aking and facilitate its success.

The events on Cyprus demand responsible and positive abtion by all States which cherish the int.erests of peace and security. The independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus must be :restored. The hotbed of military tension in the Eastern Mediterranean area must l\e liquidated. The Soviet Union, for its part, will continue to move vigorously-, in this direction.

Moscow, 22 August 1974 UNITED NATIONS Distr . GENERAL SECURITY S/11464 COUNCIL 22 August 1974 ~ • ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTERDATED 22 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMANENTREPRESENTATIVE OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Further to my letter of 20 August 1974, I have the honour to bring to your attention the following additional atrocities committed by the Turkish forces of occupation in Cyprus:

Maroulla Georghiou was in the village of Trimithi when the Turkish invaders entered and rounded up' all the womenfolk shutting them in the local school. After a while, her children began crying for milk and a Turkish soldier agreed to allow her to go to the house where she had been staying and feed the children. He accompanied her and when they were in the house forced her at gmpoint to strip whereupon he raped her in front of her two young children. The same soldier later brought a fellow-soldier who also raped Maroulla at gunpoint.

Petros Yiasoumi Skordos from the village of Gaidouras was the only survivor of a mass execution of his fellow-villagers. Seven middle-aged men • had returned to their village· to give water to their animals and were rounded up and shot by Turkish soldiers. Petros was wounded and pretended. to be dead, managing to escape after dark. He is now in the hospital, seriously wounded.

Yiakoumis Panayi 's son and three other villagers also returned to their village, Peristerona, which had been occupied by the Turks. They had intended to feed and water their cattle but were later found dead in the road, shot by Turkish troops.

On 19 August 1974, morning, ten (10) residents of Lyssi village visited their village to feed their animals. The first two of them were shot by the Turkish soldiers at the north-eastern side of the village while the rest were arrested and taken to the Turkish village of Sinde.

Phroso Meitani tells of how Turkish soldiers seized her and beat her, her mother and her sisters. Then they took her father and brother-in-law and shot them in cold blood in her presence. The women were subsequently taken to a house in the nearby village of Trimithi where Turkish soldiers began to assault them. Phroso herself managed to escape and hide in a dry river-bed.

According to latest news, 11 underage girls of Mia Milia, Palekhitrou and other neighbouring villages, were raped repeatedly by the Turkish soldiers

74-22506 S/11464 English Page 2

while they were being held as prisoners-of-war with other people at Mandres in the vicinity of Ayiou Demetriou. Seven of these girls are now in the Nicosia Hospital suffering from severe hemorrhage.

These reports of atrocities are taken from the innumerable depositions made by those who have experienced the ruthlessness of the Turkish invasion forces. Only a few of the cases are presented here but no short report can possibly convey the fear and suffering caused by the inhumane behaviour of the Turkish troops. They claim to have come in the name of law and order but have left a trail of unprecedented agony and destruction worthy of the traditions of Attila, in whose name they raised their banners.

I would be grateful, Your Excellency, if you would kindly have this letter circulated as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Zenon ROSSIDES .Am.bassador Permanent Representative of Cyprus to the United Nations UNITED NATIONS Distr. SECURITY GENERAL s/11462 COUNCIL 21 August 1974 e ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTERDATED 12 AUGUST1974 FROMTHE PERMA..WENTREPRESENTATIVE OF TURKEYTO THE UNITEDNATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Further to my previous letter to Your Excellency on 5 August 1974 (circulated as S/11425 on 8 August), where I had reported the burning of the mosque of the Duzkaya (Evdhimon) village in the Happy Valley area in Cyprus, I have the honour to bring to your knowledge that the mosques of Iskele ( Larnaca) and the village of Tuzla have been desecrated in most disgusting ways by the members of the Greek National Guard.

I will be grateful if Your Excellency would circulate this letter as a document of the Security Council.

(Signed) Osman OLCAY Ambassador Permanent Representative

74-22344