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The Flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands

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The Flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands / 7 £)tate College of Ss^iculturc at Cornell ?Hntbers(itp atbata, ia. g. S.ifirarp The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001788953 THE FLORA OF THE DUTCH WEST INDIAN ISLANDS S^. EUSTATIUS, SABA AND SI MARTIN. BY I. BOLDINGH. Leiden Late E. J. BRILL Ltd. Publishers and Printers 1909 THE FLORA OF THE DUTCH WEST INDIAN ISLANDS. I. The Flora of St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. WIST INDIAN ISLANDS. FIRST VOLUME St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin by I. BOLDINGH. Late E. J. BRILL POBLISHERS AND PeINTERS LEYDEN 1909. Tie Flira if St Mais, Sata id SI by I. BOLDINGH. Late E. J. BRILL Publishers and PeinteSs LEYDEN 1909. (2 ^ /37 ^_ ^ r / ; v 'ifll\ PREFACE. Mrs. J. van Grol-Meyers, wife to Mr. G. J, van Grol, administra- tor of the Dutch West Indian Island St. Eustatius, sent to the ^ „Koloniaal Museum in Haarlem" a nice collection of dried plants collected in St. Eustatius in the years 1904—1906. She also or) gave such a collection to the Herbarium of the Bota- nical Laboratory of the University of Utrecht. Qj The latter collection of about 350 numbers gave rise to a rene- , wed investigation to the Flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands. 1^ I am glad to, say that the collection made by Mrs. J. van Grol- |ji Meyers is a very good one. The name of Mr. van Grol himself is well known to the student of the Melocacti of the Dutch West ^ Indian Islands, and the work Mrs. van Grol did now, proved to be a great help for the study of the Flora of the Dutch West Indies Prof. Dr. F. A. F. C. Went, Director of the Botanical Laboratory and Garden of the University of Utrecht kindly intrusted to me the determination of the collection of the above mentioned West Indian Plants, and in 1305 he proposed to me to make a voyage to the three Dutch West Indian Islands St. Eustatius, Saba and V St. Martin in order to get acquainted with the vegetation there I and to get a collection of the plants from the three Islands. I wish to express my thanks to „De Maatschappij ter Bevordering ^ van bet Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Koloni6n („Society for promoting Scientific Investigation in the Dutch Co- >^ lonies"), De Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Korthals- fonds) te Amsterdam, the „Commissie van bet F. W. van Eeden- fonds in Haarlem" and the „Directie van hetProvinciaalUtrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen" (Provincial Utrecht Society of Art and Science), who subsided and so made it possible for me to undertake the above mentioned investigations. Most of all I am indebted to the kindness of Prof. F. A. F. C. Went who, after having taken the initiative for my study of the VI Preface. Flora of the Dutch West Indies, has helped me so energetically by his personal advice as well as by his influence with the above mentioned Societies. I am glad to have an opportunity now to express my thanks to all those who have helped me in any way in promoting my studies. As to the Dutch Antilles I thankfully mention the Governor of Curagao Jhr. J. 0. de Jong van Beek en Donk and the admini- strators of St. Eustatius, G. J. van Grol, and T. G. Groebe, the ad- ministrator of Saba H. J. Beaujon, the administrator of St. Martin A. J. 'C. Brouwer and the maire of the French Part of St. Martin D. Beauperthuy. Moreover: in St. Eustatius: Mrs. J. van Grol-Meyers, Mr. J. Morgan Griffith, Rev. P. Delgueur, Mr. J. G. C. Every, Messr. Hill and Mr. Hassel; in Saba: Dr. A. C. W. Lionarons, Rev. Mulder and Mr. T. Holms; in St. Martin: Mr. J. A. Gravestein, Mr. L. A. van Romond, Mr. A. A. van Romondt, Mr. D. J. van Romondt, Mr. W. E. van Romondt, Mr. W. Netherwood and Mr. F. Morales. During my voyage to the West Indies I experienced much friendly help from Sir Daniel Morris, Mr. J. R. Bo veil, R. P. Duss, Mr. Stephens and Mr. Shepherd. I also highly appreciate the assistance I got in Holland where I was informed with the greatest loyality by Mr. L. A. Bakhuis, Dr. J. Boeke, Dr. M. Greshoff, Dr. G. A. F. Molengraaff, Dr. J. Yalckenier Suringar and Dr. C. E. A. Wichmann. According to the wishes of the „Commissie van het F. W. van Eedenfonds" I paid much attention to the cultivated plants too; in a former publication: Lijst van Planten die door de bewoners van de drie Nederlandsche Antillen, St. Eustatius, Saba en St. Martin als geneeskrachtig worden beschouwd (Bull. Kolon. Mus. Haarlem n. 38 (2907) p. 93—112), I wrote on the use made of certain plants and in this Flora now I have enumerated all the cultivated plants I met with and which I was able to determine. I also feel very much indebted to the following Directors of ,,'sRijks Herbarium" at Leiden viz: Dr. -J. M. Janse, Dr. J. P. Lotsy and Dr. J. W. C. Goethart, who greatly facilitaLed by their kind assistance my working there on the collection of Dr. F. W. R. Suringar. But most of all I kindly thank Prof. I Urban for his assistance when I was working in the magnificent Herbarium Krug et Urban in the Konigl, Bot. Garten und Museum Steglitz-Dahlem (Berlin.). Although the time I could be there was only very short, my visit : : Preface. vii however has been of great use to me owing to the kind assistance of Prof. Urban in looking after doubtful determinations and un- determinated plants and in describing some new species. He has enabled me by his great knowledge to bring out the names of some plants that were collected without flowers or fruits. I feel inclined to express my thanks to Mr. 0. E. Schulz and Dr. F. Niedenzu for the determination of some plants and to Dr. H. Hallier, Dr. A. A. Pulle and Dr. S. H. Koorders for their advices. My best thanks also to Mr. S. Perrin who has helped me in looking after the English text of this Flora. This Flora is divided in Three Parts; whereas the different Parts, Sections and Chapters need no further explanation a short account of the methods I followed in nomenclature, synonymy and distri- bution of plants is given here. The enumeration of Families' and Genera is very nearly given after the order of De Dalle Torre et Harms: Genera siphonoga- marum ad systema Englerianum Conscripta (1908). In a few cases I thougt it better to follow Urban: Symbolae Antillanae vol. I, H, HI, IV (fasc. 1 and 2), Y, VI (fasc. 1) and Urban: Additamenta ad Cognitionem Florae Indiae Occidentalis 1892-97. The names of the species used are mostly drawn from the two latter papers, Engler und Prantl.: Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilie up to 1909, Engler: Regnum Vegetabile up to 1909, or from other monographs. Whenever I could not find any name in the above mentioned publications I took the name I thought best after the Internatio- nal rules for Botanical Nomenclature chiefly of Vascular Plants. Wien 190.5. (Verb. Int. Bot. Congr. 1805 Wien.). Besides the names thus given I also mention the synonyms that are used in : Grisebach : Flora of the British West Indian Islands, Duss : Flore phanerogamique des Antilles frangaises, Millspaugh Flora of the Island of St. Croix, and Jackson: Index Kewensis up to 1909 and in a very few cases still another one. I tried to get aim at the greatest completeness possible in giving the data about the names thus used, and I also mentioned the pages where the plants are given up in: Grisebach: Flora of the VIII Preface, British West Indian Islands, Duss: Flore phanerogamique des An- of St. Croix and tilles frangaises, Millspaugh : Flore of the Island in a few cases still some other work. To every plant is added the name of the Dutch West Indian Leeward Island where it is found in this order: St. Eustatius, it also on Anguilla Saba, St. Martin ; whenever I saw or collected i) this Island too is mentioned and when the plant is also known from St. Croix this Island is named after Anguilla. I have mentioned as much as I could find about the distribution of the plants in all parts of the world, and these data are taken from the following publications in this order: (fasc. 1 V, Urban : Symbolae Antillanae Vol. I, II, III, IV and 2), VI (fasc. 1) and Additamenta ad Cognitionem Florae Indiae Occi- dentalis (1892—97), Engler: Regnum vegetabile up to April 1909, Engler und Prantl: Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien up to 1909, newer Monographs and Jackson: Index Kewensis up to 1909. For the abbreviated names see under Literature. Prof. Urban was so kind as to allow me the use of the not yet published data from the Herbar Krug et Urban Berlin (Steglitz- Dahlem). A few data are from „'s Rijksherbarium" at Leiden. Whenever I could not find that a plant was known in other parts of the world besides the Antilles, then the names of all the Islands where it is found are enumerated. The Systematic Part consists of the plants belonging to the col- lections of Suringar, van Grol-Meyers, Lionarons and Boldingh. The numbers with B. added are from the collection Boldingh, marked G. are from the collection van Grol-Meyers when they belong to the collection in the Herbarium at Utrecht, marked H when they belong to the collection in the Koloniaal Museum at Haarlem; the numbers marked L.
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