DOCSLIB.ORG

New Insights from Opisthorchis Felineus Genome: Update on Genomics of the Epidemiologically Important Liver Flukes Nikita I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Insights from Opisthorchis Felineus Genome: Update on Genomics of the Epidemiologically Important Liver Flukes Nikita I Ershov et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:399 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5752-8 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access New insights from Opisthorchis felineus genome: update on genomics of the epidemiologically important liver flukes Nikita I. Ershov1*, Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov1*, Egor B. Prokhortchouk3,7*, Mariya Y. Pakharukova1,2, Konstantin V. Gunbin1, Kirill Ustyantsev1, Mikhail A. Genaev1, Alexander G. Blinov1, Alexander Mazur3, Eugenia Boulygina6, Svetlana Tsygankova6, Ekaterina Khrameeva7, Nikolay Chekanov3, Guangyi Fan4,5†, An Xiao4†, He Zhang4, Xun Xu4, Huanming Yang4, Victor Solovyev8, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee5†, Xin Liu4†, Dmitry A. Afonnikov1,2 and Konstantin G. Skryabin3,6 Abstract Background: The three epidemiologically important Opisthorchiidae liver flukes Opisthorchis felineus, O. viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis, are believed to harbour similar potencies to provoke hepatobiliary diseases in their definitive hosts, although their populations have substantially different ecogeographical aspects including habitat, preferred hosts, population structure. Lack of O. felineus genomic data is an obstacle to the development of comparative molecular biological approaches necessary to obtain new knowledge about the biology of Opisthorchiidae trematodes, to identify essential pathways linked to parasite-host interaction, to predict genes that contribute to liver fluke pathogenesis and for the effective prevention and control of the disease. Results: Here we present the first draft genome assembly of O. felineus and its gene repertoire accompanied by a comparative analysis with that of O. viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. We observed both noticeably high heterozygosity of the sequenced individual and substantial genetic diversity in a pooled sample. This indicates that potency of O. felineus population for rapid adaptive response to control and preventive measures of opisthorchiasis is higher than in O. viverrini and C. sinensis. We also have found that all three species are characterized by more intensive involvement of trans-splicing in RNA processing compared to other trematodes. Conclusion: All revealed peculiarities of structural organization of genomes are of extreme importance for a proper description of genes and their products in these parasitic species. This should be taken into account both in academic and applied research of epidemiologically important liver flukes. Further comparative genomics studies of liver flukes and non-carcinogenic flatworms allow for generation of well-grounded hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying development of cholangiocarcinoma associated with opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis as well as species-specific mechanisms of these diseases. Keywords: Opisthorchiidae, Opisthorchis felineus, Genome, Trans-splicing, Microintrons, Liver flukes, Transcriptome, Metacercariae * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] †Guangyi Fan, An Xiao, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee and Xin Liu contributed equally to this work. 1Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 3Russian Federal Research Center for Biotechnology, 33/2 Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Ershov et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:399 Page 2 of 22 Background digestive tract, its envelope is destroyed and the excysted Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is a member of the liver fluke penetrates the hepatobiliary system of fish-eating triad of epidemiologically important fish-borne liver mammals [3, 7, 8]. trematodes, which also includes O. viverrini (Poirier, The three epidemiologically important liver fluke spe- 1886) and Clonorchis sinensis (Loos, 1907). These liver cies have distinct differences in the geography and origin flukes are known to cause serious human diseases affect- of their foci. Endemic area of O. felineus far exceeds ing bile ducts and the gall bladder. Liver fluke infection is areas of O. viverrini and C. sinensis and extends to sev- recognized as the major risk factor of cholangiocarcinoma eral climatic zones - from the Arctic Circle in Western [1–3]. An estimated 12.5, 67.3 and 601 million people are Siberia to Southern Europe [3]. The world’s largest cen- currently at risk for infection with O. felineus, O. viverrini ter of opisthorchiasis felinea is located in the basin of and C. sinensis, respectively [4]. According to the Food the rivers Ob and Irtysh. Fish contamination in the and Agriculture Organization and World Health north of this region, where the population density is 1–2 Organization [5, 6], these liver flukes are the 8th in inhabitants per square km, exceeds 90% [3]. This indi- the overall global list of 24 food-borne parasites. cates that the main reservoir of the O. felineus in the The liver flukes O. felineus, O. viverrini, and C. sinensis Ob-Irtysh basin are wild animals. European foci of are typical trematodes with an intricate life cycle including opisthorchiasis felinea are also likely supported by feral alternation of two intermediate hosts and one definitive carnivores, since human cases are quite rare [9]. host (Fig. 1). Liver flukes are capable of infecting humans, Distribution area for O. viverrini is Southeast Asia wild and domestic fish-eating animals. The definitive hosts (Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia and central to southern areinfectedbyingestingaraworundercookedfishcon- Vietnam). It is believed that zoonotic cycle has largely taining metacercariae. Once the metacercaria enters the disappeared for this fluke, being replaced with a Fig. 1 Life cycle of Opisthorchis felineus. The eggs are shed in the biliary tree of fish-eating mammals and are passed with feces. They need to be ingested by freshwater gastropod snail, the first intermediate host, to develop into sporocysts, rediae, and free-swimming cercariae, the stage infective for the second intermediate host, cyprinoid fish [3, 7]. Humans and other fish-eating mammals may serve as a definitive host by ingesting raw, slightly salted, or frozen fish. Entering the host body, metacercariae infect the biliary tract of mammals, where they mature into adult worms, the sexual stage, over approximately 1 month. The lifespan of an adult liver fluke in the human body can reach over 20 years [7] Ershov et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:399 Page 3 of 22 predominantly anthropogenic cycle [9]. C. sinensis is en- genome-wide synteny between O. felineus, O. viverrini and demic to East Asia (China, Korea, Russian Far East and C. sinensis demonstrates a considerable variation in the Japan) and northern Vietnam [4, 10] and holds an inter- liver fluke genomes. The majority of genes in adult worms mediate position, with a number of significant native demonstrate similar level of mRNA expression among and domestic reservoir animal hosts but also with high these species. We also found that trans-splicing potentially levels of human fecal contamination of the environment plays an important role in RNA processing of these three playing a significant role in the transmission cycle [10]. liver flukes. Correspondingly, O. felineus, O. viverrini, and C. sinensis also display certain differences in the range of their pri- Results mary and secondary hosts [7–10]. Genome assembly revealed high heterozygosity rate Epidemiologically important liver flukes differ also in Assembly of the genomes of pooled samples collected population structure. Analysis of mitochondrial and nu- from native populations is often hampered by high levels clear genetic markers revealed that population structure of genetic variation (heterozygosity), resulting in exces- is absent in O. felineus across Eastern Europe, Northern sively large and highly fragmented draft genomes. To Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (Northern Kazakhstan) avoid this, we performed deep genome sequencing of a [11]. In contrast, population genetic differentiation exists single worm, customizing the design of short-insert in O. viverrini [12]. Genetic diversity of C. sinensis is not libraries to the requirements of Allpaths-LG assembler as pronounced as it is for O. viverrini, nevertheless geo- (Additional file 2: Table S1). For efficient scaffolding, graphic variation in C. sinensis was detected [13]. several long-insert libraries (Additional file 2: Table S1) Recently it has been shown that O. viverrini differs from prepared from pooled samples were also sequenced, O. felineus and C. sinensis in chromosome number. totaling ~ 40 Gb of the data. The data were sufficient to Karyotypes of O. felineus and C. sinensis (Russian isolate) produce a 684 Mbp genome assembly with an acceptable consist of two pairs of largemeta- and submetacentrics N50 value of 624 Kb (Table 1) and relatively low se- and five pairs of small chromosomes (2n = 14). However, quence redundancy, as evidenced from the distribution the karyotype of O. viverrini is 2n = 12 [14]. of coverage by genomic libraries (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Helminth Infection-Induced Carcinogenesis: Spectrometric Insights from The
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/606772; this version posted April 11, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 PLoS NTD 2 3 Helminth infection-induced carcinogenesis: spectrometric insights from the 4 liver flukes, Opisthorchis and Fasciola 5 6 Maria João Gouveia1,2,3, Maria Y. Pakharukova4,5, Banchob Sripa6, Gabriel Rinaldi7,♯, Paul J. 7 Brindley7, Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov4, Fátima Gärtner2,3,8, José M. C. da Costa1,9, Nuno 8 Vale2,3,8,10* 9 10 1 Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 11 Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal 12 2 i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200- 13 135 Porto, Portugal 14 3 Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar 15 (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal 16 4 Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 17 Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia 18 5 Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, 19 Russia 20 6 Department of Pathology, and Tropical Diseases Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen 21 University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand 22 7 Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected 23 Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, 24 D.C., 20037, USA 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/606772; this version posted April 11, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus Idus
    REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020.1822280 REVIEW Review and Meta-Analysis of the Environmental Biology and Potential Invasiveness of a Poorly-Studied Cyprinid, the Ide Leuciscus idus Mehis Rohtlaa,b, Lorenzo Vilizzic, Vladimır Kovacd, David Almeidae, Bernice Brewsterf, J. Robert Brittong, Łukasz Głowackic, Michael J. Godardh,i, Ruth Kirkf, Sarah Nienhuisj, Karin H. Olssonh,k, Jan Simonsenl, Michał E. Skora m, Saulius Stakenas_ n, Ali Serhan Tarkanc,o, Nildeniz Topo, Hugo Verreyckenp, Grzegorz ZieRbac, and Gordon H. Coppc,h,q aEstonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; bInstitute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, Norway; cDepartment of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łod z, Poland; dDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; eDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, USP-CEU University, Madrid, Spain; fMolecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK; gDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK; hCentre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK; iAECOM, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada; jOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; kDepartment of Zoology, Tel Aviv University and Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Tel Aviv,
    [Show full text]
  • Aremu SO, Et Al. Putting the Spotlight on Opisthorchiasis: the Dread of the Western Siberian Copyright© Aremu SO, Et Al
    Public Health Open Access MEDWIN PUBLISHERS ISSN: 2578-5001 Committed to Create Value for researchers Putting the Spotlight on Opisthorchiasis: The Dread of the Western Siberian Region Aremu SO1,3*, Zephaniah HS2, Onifade EO3, Fatoke B1 and Bademosi O4 Review Article 1Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation Volume 4 Issue 1 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria Received Date: February 17, 2020 3Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi Benue State, Published Date: March 10, 2020 Nigeria DOI: 10.23880/phoa-16000151 4Department of Public Health, University College Dublin, Ireland *Corresponding author: Stephen Olaide Aremu, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Email: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Opisthorchiasis is no doubt one of the most neglected infectious disease inspite of its huge medical importance in some parts of the World. The past decade have seen a resurgence of interests in research relating to this public health issue, however there is still a lot to be done. Social Model: Not many models have been explored in Western Siberia to deal with the opisthorchiasis epidemic when compared to the different models that have been used for other regions affected by similar disease. Life Cycle: The complex life cycle of Opisthorchis felineus prevalent among the aboriginal population of the Western Siberian because of their habit of eating raw or undercooked fresh has humans and other feline species as definitive host and is really Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis involve the use of stool microscopy, other methods such as mAb ELISA, LAMP and so on water fish (Cyprinidae) which are intermediate host of the parasite.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Parasitology
    MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY Anna B. Semerjyan Marina G. Susanyan Yerevan State Medical University Yerevan 2020 1 Chapter 15 Medical Parasitology. General understandings Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. Medical Parasitology focuses on parasites which cause diseases in humans. Awareness and understanding about medically important parasites is necessary for proper diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases. The most important element in diagnosing a parasitic infection is the knowledge of the biology, or life cycle, of the parasites. Medical parasitology traditionally has included the study of three major groups of animals: 1. Parasitic protozoa (protists). 2. Parasitic worms (helminthes). 3. Arthropods that directly cause disease or act as transmitters of various pathogens. Parasitism is a form of association between organisms of different species known as symbiosis. Symbiosis means literally “living together”. Symbiosis can be between any plant, animal, or protist that is intimately associated with another organism of a different species. The most common types of symbiosis are commensalism, mutualism and parasitism. 1. Commensalism involves one-way benefit, but no harm is exerted in either direction. For example, mouth amoeba Entamoeba gingivalis, uses human for habitat (mouth cavity) and for food source without harming the host organism. 2. Mutualism is a highly interdependent association, in which both partners benefit from the relationship: two-way (mutual) benefit and no harm. Each member depends upon the other. For example, in humans’ large intestine the bacterium Escherichia coli produces the complex of vitamin B and suppresses pathogenic fungi, bacteria, while sheltering and getting nutrients in the intestine. 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Detection of Human Parasitic Pathogens
    MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN PARASITIC PATHOGENS MOLECULAR DETECTION OF HUMAN PARASITIC PATHOGENS EDITED BY DONGYOU LIU Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120608 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1243-3 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trematode Parasites of Marine Mammals
    THE TREMATODE PARASITES OF MARINE MAMMALS By Emmett W. Pkice Parasitologist, Zoological Division, Bureau of Animal Industry United States Department of Agriculture The internal parasites of marine mammals have not been exten- sively studied, although a fairly large number of species have been described. In attempting to identify the trematodes from mammals of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Sirenia, as represented by specimens in the United States National Museum helminthological collection, it was necessary to review the greater part of the litera- ture dealing with this group of parasitic worms. In view of the fact that there is not in existence a single comprehensive paper on the trematodes of these mammals, and that many of the descrip- tions of species have appeared in publications having more or less limited circulation, the writer has undertaken to assemble descriptions of all trematodes reported from these hosts, with the hope that such a paper may serve a useful purpose in aiding other workers in de- termining specimens at their disposal. In addition to compiling the descriptions of species not available to the writer, two new species, one of which represents a new genus, have been described. Specimens representing 10 of the previously described species have been studied and emendations or additions have been made to the existing descriptions; in a few instances the species have been completely reclescribed. Three species, Distoinwni pallassil Poirier, D. vaUdwim von Lin- stow, and D. am/pidlacewni Buttel-Reepen, have been omitted from this paper despite the fact that they have been reported from ceta- ceans. These species belong in the family Hemiuridae, and since all species of this family are parasites of fishes, the writer feels that their reported occurrence in mammals may be regarded as either errors of some sort or cases of accidental parasitism in which fishes have been eaten by mammals and the fish parasites found in the mammal post-mortem.
    [Show full text]
  • The Draft Genome of the Carcinogenic Human Liver Fluke Clonorchis Sinensis
    Wang et al. Genome Biology 2011, 12:R107 http://genomebiology.com/2011/12/10/R107 RESEARCH Open Access The draft genome of the carcinogenic human liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis Xiaoyun Wang1,2, Wenjun Chen1,2, Yan Huang1,2, Jiufeng Sun1,2, Jingtao Men1,2, Hailiang Liu3, Fang Luo3, Lei Guo3, Xiaoli Lv1,2, Chuanhuan Deng1,2, Chenhui Zhou1,2, Yongxiu Fan1,2, Xuerong Li1,2, Lisi Huang1,2, Yue Hu1,2, Chi Liang1,2, Xuchu Hu1,2, Jin Xu1,2 and Xinbing Yu1,2* Abstract Background: Clonorchis sinensis is a carcinogenic human liver fluke that is widespread in Asian countries. Increasing infection rates of this neglected tropical disease are leading to negative economic and public health consequences in affected regions. Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma and the infection rate of C. sinensis. To aid research into this organism, we have sequenced its genome. Results: We combined de novo sequencing with computational techniques to provide new information about the biology of this liver fluke. The assembled genome has a total size of 516 Mb with a scaffold N50 length of 42 kb. Approximately 16,000 reliable protein-coding gene models were predicted. Genes for the complete pathways for glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and fatty acid metabolism were found, but key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis are missing from the genome, reflecting the parasitic lifestyle of a liver fluke that receives lipids from the bile of its host. We also identified pathogenic molecules that may contribute to liver fluke-induced hepatobiliary diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Vet February 2017.Indd 85 30/01/2017 09:32 SMALL ANIMAL I CONTINUING EDUCATION
    CONTINUING EDUCATION I SMALL ANIMAL Trematodes in farm and companion animals The comparative aspects of parasitic trematodes of companion animals, ruminants and humans is presented by Maggie Fisher BVetMed CBiol MRCVS FRSB, managing director and Peter Holdsworth AO Bsc (Hon) PhD FRSB FAICD, senior manager, Ridgeway Research Ltd, Park Farm Building, Gloucestershire, UK Trematodes are almost all hermaphrodite (schistosomes KEY SPECIES being the exception) flat worms (flukes) which have a two or A number of trematode species are potential parasites of more host life cycle, with snails featuring consistently as an dogs and cats. The whole list of potential infections is long intermediate host. and so some representative examples are shown in Table Dogs and cats residing in Europe, including the UK and 1. A more extensive list of species found globally in dogs Ireland, are far less likely to acquire trematode or fluke and cats has been compiled by Muller (2000). Dogs and cats infections, which means that veterinary surgeons are likely are relatively resistant to F hepatica, so despite increased to be unconfident when they are presented with clinical abundance of infection in ruminants, there has not been a cases of fluke in dogs or cats. Such infections are likely to be noticeable increase of infection in cats or dogs. associated with a history of overseas travel. In ruminants, the most important species in Europe are the In contrast, the importance of the liver fluke, Fasciola liver fluke, F hepatica and the rumen fluke, Calicophoron hepatica to grazing ruminants is evident from the range daubneyi (see Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Endemicity of Opisthorchis Viverrini Liver Flukes, Vietnam, 2011–2012
    LETTERS Endemicity of for species identification of Opisthor- A total of 4 fish species were in- chis fluke metacercariae 7( ). fected with O. viverrini metacercariae Opisthorchis Fish were collected from Tuy (online Technical Appendix Table 1, viverrini Liver Hoa City and from the districts of Hoa wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/20/1/13- Flukes, Vietnam, Xuan Dong, Tuy An, and Song Hinh; 0168-Techapp1.pdf). Metacercariae these 3 districts are areas of large prevalence was highest (28.1%) 2011–2012 aquaculture production of freshwater among crucian carp (Carasius aura- To the Editor: Fishborne zoo- fish. Fresh fish from ponds, rice fields, tus). Specific identification was con- notic trematodes are highly prevalent rivers, and swamps were purchased at firmed by morphologic appearance of in many Asian communities (1,2). Al- local markets from April 2011 through adult worms recovered from hamsters though presence of the liver flukeClo - March 2012. The fish sellers provided (Figure) and PCR and sequence anal- norchis sinensis is well documented information about the source of the ysis of the partial metacercarial CO1 in Vietnam (3), evidence of the pres- fish (e.g., type of water body). Fish gene, amplified by CO1-OV-Hap- ence of the more common liver fluke were transported live with mechani- F&R primers (7). Infected fish origi- of Southeast Asia, Opisthorchis viver- cal aeration to the Research Institute nated predominantly from so-called rini, is only circumstantial. Surveys of for Aquaculture No. 3 in Nha Trang, wild water (i.e., swamps, rice fields, human fecal samples have frequently where they were examined for meta- rivers).
    [Show full text]
  • Angiostrongylus, Opisthorchis, Schistosoma, and Others in Europe
    Parasites where you least expect them: Angiostrongylus, Opisthorchis, Schistosoma, and others in Europe Edoardo Pozio Istituto Superiore di Sanità ESCMIDRome, eLibrary Italy © by author Scenario of human parasites in Europe in the 21th century • Cosmopolitan and autochthonous parasites • Parasite infections acquired outside Europe and development of the disease in Europe • Parasites recently discovered or rediscovered in Europe – imported by humans or animals (zoonosis) – always present but never investigated ESCMID– new epidemiological scenarios eLibrary © by author Parasites recently discovered in Europe: Schistosoma spp. Distribution of human schistosomiasis in 2012 What we knew on the distribution of schistosomiasis, worldwide up to 2012 ESCMID eLibrary © by author Parasites recently discovered in Europe: Schistosoma spp. • Knowledge on Schistosoma sp. in Europe before 2013 – S. bovis in cattle, sheep and goats of Portugal, Spain, Italy (Sardinia), and France (Corsica) – S. bovis strain circulating in Sardinia was unable to infect humans – intermediate host snail, Bulinus truncatus, is present in Portugal, Spain, Italy, France and Greece – S. haematobium foci were described in Algarve (Portugal) ESCMIDfrom 1921 to early 1970s eLibrary © by author Parasites recently discovered in Europe: Schistosoma spp. • more than 125 schistosomiasis infections were acquired in Corsica (France) from 2013 to 2015 • eggs excreted from patients in the urine were identified as – S. haematobium – S. bovis – S. haematobium/S. bovis hybrid ESCMID eLibrary Outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis in Corsica (France): an epidemiological case study Boissier et al. Lancet Infect Dis . 2016 Aug;16(8):971 ©-9. by author Parasites recently discovered in Europe: Schistosoma spp. • What we known today – intermediate host snail, Bulinus truncatus, of Corsica can be vector of: – Zoonotic strain of S.
    [Show full text]
  • Liver Fluke Induces Cholangiocarcinoma
    Neglected Diseases Liver Fluke Induces Cholangiocarcinoma Banchob Sripa*, Sasithorn Kaewkes, Paiboon Sithithaworn, Eimorn Mairiang, Thewarach Laha, Michael Smout, Chawalit Pairojkul, Vajaraphongsa Bhudhisawasdi, Smarn Tesana, Bandit Thinkamrop, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Alex Loukas, Paul J. Brindley* Opisthorchiasis and Clonorchiasis: Major Regional Public Health Problems Liver fl uke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, and Clonorchis sinensis is a major public health problem in East Asia and Eastern Europe. Currently, more than 600 million people are at risk of infection with these trematodes [1]. O. viverrini is endemic in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Vietnam, and Cambodia [2], and C. sinensis infection is common in rural areas of Korea and China. Opisthorchiasis has been extensively studied in Thailand, where an estimated 6 million people are infected with the liver fl uke (calculated from overall 9.4% prevalence within the population in 2001) [3]. Infection with these food-borne parasites is prevalent in areas where uncooked cyprinoid fi sh are a staple of the diet. Due to poor sanitation practices and inadequate sewerage infrastructure, people infected with O. viverrini and C. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040201.g001 sinensis pass parasite eggs in their faeces into natural water Koi-Pla reservoirs, where the parasite eggs are eaten by intermediate Figure 1. Preparation of a Meal of Using Uncooked Cyprinoid Fishes host snails, for example, aquatic snails of the genus Bithynia, O. viverrini (A) Fluke-infected fi sh are plentiful in the local rivers such as the Chi the fi rst intermediate host of . After hatching, free River in Khon Kaen province, Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Molecular Phylogenetic Data for Opisthorchis Spp
    Dao et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:575 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2514-9 RESEARCH Open Access Updated molecular phylogenetic data for Opisthorchis spp. (Trematoda: Opisthorchioidea) from ducks in Vietnam Thanh Thi Ha Dao1,2,3, Thanh Thi Giang Nguyen1,2, Sarah Gabriël4, Khanh Linh Bui5, Pierre Dorny2,3* and Thanh Hoa Le6 Abstract Background: An opisthorchiid liver fluke was recently reported from ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in Binh Dinh Province of Central Vietnam, and referred to as “Opisthorchis viverrini-like”. This species uses common cyprinoid fishes as second intermediate hosts as does Opisthorchis viverrini, with which it is sympatric in this province. In this study, we refer to the liver fluke from ducks as “Opisthorchis sp. BD2013”, and provide new sequence data from the mitochondrial (mt) genome and the nuclear ribosomal transcription unit. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted to clarify the basal taxonomic position of this species from ducks within the genus Opisthorchis (Digenea: Opisthorchiidae). Methods: Adults and eggs of liver flukes were collected from ducks, metacercariae from fishes (Puntius brevis, Rasbora aurotaenia, Esomus metallicus) and cercariae from snails (Bithynia funiculata) in different localities in Binh Dinh Province. From four developmental life stage samples (adults, eggs, metacercariae and cercariae), the complete cytochrome b (cob), nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes, and near-complete 18S and partial 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were obtained by PCR-coupled sequencing. The alignments of nucleotide sequences of concatenated cob + nad1+cox1, and of concatenated 18S + 28S were separately subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Homologous sequences from other trematode species were included in each alignment.
    [Show full text]