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Name That Town: Why We Call Places What We Call Them

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Name That Town: Why We Call Places What We Call Them Portland State University PDXScholar Metroscape Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies Summer 2009 Name That Town: Why We Call Places What We Call Them Rachel White Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/metroscape Part of the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation White, Rachel (2009). "Name That Town: Why We Call Places What We Call Them," Summer 2009 Metroscape, pages 26-30. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Metroscape by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Name that Town Why we call places what we call them by Rachel White rive through a new suburban de- velopment and you are likely to D see signs evoking vaguely pasto- ral images—Walnut Ridge, Willow Creek, or Sunset Meadows, for example. Places like n L this seem washed of identity, engendering s r e a sense of being both everywhere and no- g o where. One reason such neighborhoods lack R a sense of place is the blandness of their N is o w names, which don’t reflect any relationship e rt h L with the landscape or the people who were V a l there before. Place names matter. le y Place names, the non-generic ones, help R d situate us in a specific point in space. They reflect the interactions between landscape and stories, the past and the present, and the physical and the social, all of which color our cultural landscape. While the trend toward cultural homogenization continues across the globe, the specificity of names and their histories can help places retain their unique BayleyRy Rd significance and help us remember our local roots. Furthermore, place names unite us as DoppDopp a community with common social mean- ings and memory. For example, names and their pronunciation are probably our most effective shibboleths – tests distinguishing d insiders from outsiders. If you have lived R y here for awhile, you know that Willamette eye n rhymes with dammit, and that Aloha is pro- n i nounced without the “h” sound. Tigard is K TIE-gird, not tiggerd, and Tualatin is tu- AH-la-tin, not tu-a-LAT-in. Even our state name weeds out those straight off the plane (“Or-a-GONE”) with those who live here (“OR-eh-gun”). So where do place names come from? Place names can refer to a specific incident (like Battle Ground, WA), or they can be descriptive (Table Rock), commemorative Names on the land in Yamhill County. The first (Mount Hood, in honor of British naval of- claimants in Yamhill County, as in many places in ficer Admiral Sir Samuel Hood), or simply Oregon, are preserved in road names running through manufactured (like Retlaw, named in 1914 or adjacent to the their land. PagePage 2626 MetroscapeMetroscape for H.L. Walter, by spelling his name backward). example,” said McArthur. “Keeping track of Many names come from Native American terms, names is much easier here because settlement was or at least anglicized versions of them, although relatively recent and therefore names are relatively these names began disappearing after trappers new. In the early editions of his book, Father was and settlers began moving in. In the Willamette even able to gather most of his information from Valley, some native names were kept, but most personal interviews with early citizens.” He also were changed to honor presidents or generals, or commented on the relative simplicity of name se- to bestow a tribute to some familiar eastern locale. lection processes in the past versus today. “You There’s a Pittsburg in Columbia County, a Kansas know that Portland was named by coin toss,” he City in Washington County, and, of course, a Mil- laughed. “That’s how casual things were in the waukie in Clackamas County, although its spelling 1840s.” strayed from its namesake. Today, names and naming have come to mean The origin of many place names can seem many things that are anything but casual. The fairly straightforward. It doesn’t take a wild leap considerable symbolic power place names hold of imagination to figure out where Blue Lake, becomes evident whenever renaming proposals Forest Grove, or Dead Horse Canyon got their arise. Owing to the potential names have to of- names. But once you scratch the surface, you en- fend, renaming has in some cases become neces- ter a whole world of history, stories, and anec- sary for cultural sensitivity, since many derogatory dotes. For anyone interested in tracking down the or patently offensive place names were recorded provenance of their favorite place names, a great on maps in the early days of settlement. As Mark resource is Oregon Geographic Names. Towns, Monmonier wrote in From Squaw Tit to Whore- streams, lakes, canyons, buttes, even city neighbor- house Meadow: How Maps Name, Claim, and In- hoods—all are arranged alphabetically and docu- flame (2006), mented carefully in this toe-breaker of a book. Most of the blame falls on local people who The equivalent for Washington is Place Names of coined or perpetuated what the topographer Washington (1985) by Robert Hitchman. merely recorded. Even so, by uncritically encap- The first full-length edition of Oregon Geo- sulating local usage in a public document, map- graphic Names, compiled by Lewis Ankeny makers and the federal officials who oversaw their McArthur, came out in 1928 and included 2,000 work made their successors responsible for de- place name entries. McArthur continued to over- fending or cleansing a cultural landscape tainted see the production of the next two editions, at with ethnic and racial bias. which point his son, Lewis L. McArthur, took enaming landscape features in response over. Retired from his job as vice-president at a to objections from Native Americans Portland-based steel firm, 91-year-old Lewis L. R and other ethnic minorities began de- is still in charge of updating Oregon Geographic cades ago and continues to play out, including in Names, although his daughter Mary shares in the the Willamette Valley as recently a year ago. The work, and is gearing up to take over. The seventh Oregon Geographic Names Board, which over- edition came out in 2003, and has expanded to sees the naming of natural geographic features in 6,252 place names. Keeping the book up to date the state, meets twice a year to vote on proposed takes patience and determination: many unnamed names and name changes. Champ Vaughan, presi- features receive names every year and must be dent of the OGNB, gave an example of a recent added to the book, in addition to any name chang- decision. “Tumala Mountain, Tumala Creek, es that are made. Tumala Lakes, and Tumala Meadows, located in Lewis L. McArthur seems unfazed by the Clackamas County east of Estacada in the Mount daunting amount of information contained in the Hood National Forest, are name changes we ap- book, or by the countless hours put in first by his proved in December 2007,” he said. “They re- father and then himself to document the origin placed the word ‘squaw’ used for the same four of each name. He modestly admitted that even features.” The word “squaw” is considered de- though there are teeming multitudes of buttes, rogatory by many Native American tribes and by hills, streams, swamps, ponds, draws, and mead- the State of Oregon. Even so, some people have ows in the open spaces of the West, document- protested these types of name changes as “rewrit- ing their names is simpler than in eastern states. ing history.” In response, efforts are usually made “My dad could never have written an equivalent to find replacement names that retain a link to cul- state place name book about Massachusetts, for tural or historical meaning. The Washington State MetroscapeMetroscape PagePage 2727 Board on Geographic Names, for example, in- no question in my mind that Portland will be a cludes the requirement that new names preserve better community when Cesar Chavez is duly the significance, spelling, and flavor of names honored with a major street renaming.” But the associated with the early history of Washington initial proposal, which recommended renam- State. ing Interstate Avenue in North Portland, met The OGNB has similar rules. Sharon Nesbit strong opposition from the people who live and has been on the Board for 25 years and currently work there. In response to the lack of neighbor- serves as its vice president. She described the hood support, Adams began looking for other thinking process the board uses when consider- options, preferably outside of North Portland, ing naming proposals. “We hope for originality, which had recently undergone the renaming of a name that tells a story, reflects a use, or lets Portland Boulevard for Rosa Parks. “City leaders us know what people were at that place,” she need to be sensitive to how much change any said. Regarding the replacement of “squaw” one neighborhood can absorb at once,” he ad- names, she emphasized the board’s aim to use vised. The issue has not been resolved, but it has names that reflect the Native American heritage become clear to city leadership that any new pro- of the site. “Personally, I am happy to receive posals, including the most recent suggestions of feminine names since it is likely that passersby, Broadway, Grand Avenue, or 39th Avenue, will seeing women at work along the creek, applied likely require substantial evidence of neighbor- the name ‘Squaw Creek’ in the first place,” she hood approval before they can be adopted.
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