Delegates‘ Handbook Impressum

Model United Nation Göttingen e.V. (MUNSG/GöMUN)

Website: http://munsg.de/ Facebook: Model Society Göttingen e.V. (GoeMUN)

Layout: Arne L Gellrich Druck: Digitales Druck Zentrum, Weender Straße 104 37073 Göttingen GöMUN 2016 Asia Unbound

Contents

Welcoming Words by the GöMUN 2016 Executive Board 2 Welcoming Words by the Patrons of the Conference 4

The Organisation 7 Meet the Team 8 Meet the Chairs 10 Meet our Patrons 14 Meet our Keynote Speakers 16

Documents 17 Example of an Opening Speech 18 Rules of Procedure 19 How to Write a Resolution 30 Drafting Resolutions 31 Sample Clauses 33 Sample Resolution 34

Further Information 35 Schedule 36 Contact and other useful information 38 Room for Your Notes 40 Voucher for the GöMUN 2017 40 Official GöMUN group picture 41 v

Welcome to the 8th conference! GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Welcome to the 8th conference! Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

Welcoming Words by the GöMUN 2016 Executive Board

We, the Executive Board are more than happy to welcome you to GöMUN 2016. We hope you will have as much fun participating as we had organizing it! global players. Model United Nations is a unique experience to improve your English, learn to negotiate, deal At the same time, Asia has also been the setting for some of the worst political and military with topics of international politics and meet people from all over the world. We all hear about conflicts in recent history. The political systems in the region range from democracies like in politics on the news but MUN will give you the opportunity to gain practical knowledge and India over absolute monarchies like in Saudi-Arabia to dictatorships like in North Korea. Just experience how international conflicts are solved and treaties are negotiated. another aspect where Asia is as diverse as can be. With the economic focus shifting the time will As our theme we chose “Asia Unbound – a continent on the rise’’. Asia is the world largest and tell how far the focus in international politics will shift simultaneously. most populated continent. It consist of 48 UN member states, two of which are Veto powers in You, as delegates of GöMUN 2016 will get the chance to discuss the issue of ‘’Asia Unbound the UN Security Council. It has a total population of more than 4.4 billion people and almost all – A continent on the rise’’ from several different angles. Focus on the economic side by being world religions are represented. Overall, Asia is a vastly diverse continent with many different a delegate of APEC, the security policy perspective by being a UNSC council delegate, on the languages, climate zones, cultures, religions, political systems and also economic power. There issue of human rights by choosing the HRC or on the relationship between Europe and Asia are some of the poorest countries in the world such as Burma as a delegate of the European Council. Whatever your alongside some of the highest developed countries such as Ja- preferences are, you will have a great time! pan. The differences are extreme. Within just a few decades the We are thrilled to welcome you to Göttingen and our four tiger states and China manage to transform from poor de- conference! veloping countries into some of the world’s leading economies Best, and the Arab states at the Gulf build modern fairytales from Viet Duc Nguyen, Anne Reinhard and Fabian Dolch their petrodollars. The global perspective is shifting. Europe, the GöMUN Executive Board United States and Russia will no longer be the only important 2 3 Welcome to the 8th conference! GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Welcome to the 8th conference! Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

Greeting by Thomas Oppermann MP, Patron of the Conference Greeting by Amb. Rosario Manalo, Patron of the Conference

Dear participants of the 2016 Göttingen Model United Nations Conference,

Greetings! Welcome to this year‘s conference, Asia Unbound: A Continent on the Rise.

Among many other exciting themes, you will discuss issues regarding Asia‘s evolving place in world affairs, as well as its relations with Europe. Given my experience as a very fortunate diplomatic representative of my country, the , particularly to ASEAN and various European countries, your topic is naturally very close to my heart, and it is gratifying to see so many students of various disciplines interested in discussing Asia and its past and potential ties with Europe.

As your organizers understand, one of the key ideas to remember about Asia is that it can hardly be considered a single entity, due to the disparities and diversities that make it such a fascinating part of the world. Easy generalizations do not apply to complex realities, as can be seen in Asian histories, in which, for better and for worse, the nations of Europe have played no small part. Thus, the main title of this conference (Asia Unbound) refers not just to the rapid growth in the economic and political power of Asia—or at least some parts of it—but is also a call to think beyond pre-conceived notions of what Asia is, and is becoming. Europe also has to grapple with fundamental questions regarding its identity and changing place in our interconnected world, and part of this also involves constantly re-evaluating its relations with Asian countries, both as individual states and as blocs.

Aside from your interest in the topic, I am glad to see young delegates of diverse levels of experience participating in a conference together. Having supported the building and running of multiple university- level MUN programs in the Philippines, I understand how Model United Nations can help prepare university students to develop a global worldview. MUN also encourages the cultivation of skills such as good communication, critical thinking, cooperation, and negotiation that will serve you well in a variety of disciplines and professions. As conference veterans know, there is always something new to learn by doing MUN, which is part of what draws people toward conferences again and again.

Though I am regrettably unable to travel to Göttingen to be present at your event, please do trust that I am greatly interested in its development, and am very proud to be your patron. Ladies and gentlemen of the 2014 Göttingen Model United Nations conference, may you have a fruitful debate!

4 5 The Organisation GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 General information – Meet the Team Asia Unbound Asia Unbound General information – Meet the Team

The Executive Board Registration Social Programme Team Crisis Team

Duc Nguyen, Anne Reinhard, Fabian L S Dolch Thomas Michaelis Christian Pfaar, Marcel Schwarz, Ingo Knigge Artur Eibauer, Sven Pauls, Jamina Jugo, Philipp Garbowsky Logistics Team Newspaper Team

Charlotte Degro, Doreen Zöllner, Ingo Knigge, Merle Köppelmann, Sara Daub, Ben Dalka; not in Daniel Becker, Julian Weinmann, Maxine Freistühler, Imme Warnecke, Arne L Gellrich, Mingjun the picture: Larissa Henkst, Bolor Jamidandagva, Niklas Kayser Li. Not in picture: Alberta Brown, Marie Nehring

8 9 General information – Meet the Chairs GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 General information – Meet the Chairs Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

The Security Council The council on Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

This year’s GöMUN conference will not only include traditional MUN- Traditionally the council for more advanced delegates, the GöMUNSC councils, but also non-UN-bodies of similar structure. One of these is will this year be discussing territorial conflicts in Eastern Asia, before the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. This primarily economically- concentrating on the more specific case of the Korean peninsula. focussed organ is concerned with the promotion of peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region through free trade and cooperation. At GöMUN, the APEC is devised Inga Meyenborg studies management and production engineering at as a council for MUN-veterans at an intermediate level. The GöMUN-APEC will negotiate the the University of Bremen, where she is also working as a research assis- classical topics of energy security and the promotion of free trade in the region. tant at the Institute of Material Science. Her first attendance of a MUN was at HamMUN in 2012, followed by various conferences, for example PiMUN and OstseeMUN, both as a chair and as a delegate since then. In Florian Fermin her spare time, she enjoys doing sports such as inline speed skating and My name is Florian Fermin, I’m Dutch and an International Business horseback riding. student at Maastricht University in the Netherlands. I’ve participated in Her most recent appearance was at MuiMUN, Münster, at the beginning of April this year, more than a dozen MUN conferences since 2009 across North America where she was chairing the Security Council as well. As she has not been to GöMUN before, it and Europe. I’m a big fan of smaller committees at MUNs, and I’m also will be her premiere in Göttingen. very much interested in Asian affairs. This means that GöMUN 2016 is a conference that I cannot miss and I’m very much looking forward to great debates!

Sebastian Pape is a student of Economics at the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder), right at the Polish-German border. Since Laura Wanner 2011 he has been active in the MUN environment as delegate, chair and organizer at conferences in Dresden, Flensburg and also Göttingen. The My name is Laura Wanner. I am 22 years old and I am studying law at passions of former bicycle messenger and viola player are football, pho- Göttingen University. I have been a member of MUN Society Göttingen tography, whisky and other fine spirits. for three years now and I have helped to organise the last three MUN- At the same time when Inga was in Münster, Sebastian experienced his first MUN as Secretary Conferences in Göttingen. Additionally, I participated as a delegate at General at KrakMUN in Kraków, Poland. Remembering his experiences as chairperson of the other conferences in Germany. Last year, I already chaired the UNEP part-time and I am very Security Council at GöMUN two years ago, he cannot wait to return to this place. glad to be back this year as the chair of the APEC.

Both Inga and Sebastian have already gained experience in chairing together at OstseeMUN in Flensburg last year, when they have been members of the presidency in the International Olympic Committee (IOC). They are eager to meeting you and look forward to an exciting con- ference in Göttingen, filled with heated debates on thrilling topics in a professional yet familiar atmosphere.

10 11 General information – Meet the Chairs GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 General information – Meet the Chairs Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

The European Council The Human Rights Council

The GöMUN–EC will this year be concerned with the proposal of a Returning to a more traditional MUN-Council, the GöMUNHRC is EU-ASEAN trade agreement, and the enhancement of security coop- designed as a beginner’s committee. This year’s Human rights Council eration. will be discussing religious discrimination in Asia and the Issue of Il- legal Organ Harvesting.

Beril Duman It is a pleasure for me to welcome you all to the GöMUN 2016. My name Elisabeth Cassbaum is Beril Duman and I am a sophomore in International Relations while My name is Elisabeth Cassebaum. I am 24 years old and studying Politi- pursuing my double major in Economics and minor in International Law cal Science in my 6th semester here in Göttingen. I hope that my future at Koç University. I’ve always had a passion for politics and related areas. upholds a career in the field of international relations. I am especially Since my freshman year, MUN has been a big part of my life and it gave interested in geopolitics and the middle east. me a different perspective about issues concerning global politics. You realize that it becomes I first got in touch with Model United Nations one year ago, as I partici- easier for you to understand the complexity of international relations, its possibilities and re- pated at GöMUN 2015 to represent Germany at the United Nations Development Program. It strictions when you participate MUN and in a very short time it becomes a habit that you can- was by far the most fun seminar at University. I applied to be a tutor for the same seminar in the not easily quit. I have participated to 16 MUNs so far in which I have served in several positions. winter term 15/16. As we simulated the United Nations Security Council, again I had a lot of fun As one the Chairs of the European Council, I can guarantee that this committee experience will and furthermore gained a lot of experience. be unforgettable for those willing to enhance their knowledge and ready to challenging debates. Lucky me, this term I have the chance of tutoring and chairing again. I am looking forward to If and when you have any questions regarding to the committee, please do not hesitate to contact the conference and to meet you all! me. Until then, live long and prosper!

Jessica Nuske Carlotta Ekrod My most warm welcome to the delegates of this year’s European Council Hey guys, my name is Carlotta and I am 21 years old. I am studying po- at GöMUN 2016. My name is Jessica Nuske, I am in my 6th semester litical science and economics in my 6th semester in Göttingen. I got in studying Political Science at the University of Bremen (Germany). Model touch with MUN one year ago when I joined the seminar Model United UN has always been a passion of mine and a very important part of my Nations and attended GöMUN 2015. The seminar was one of the most academic experience. I have been a part of the MUN program since my beneficial in my university career. It allowed me a closer look at how the freshman year and I have attended 11 conferences so far. At university, I am the head of student UNO works and challenged my personal abilities on different levels. government and I participate very actively in local and university politics. Furthermore, I feel an I hope that my future path will lead me into the field of international relations. I spent my 5th ever growing curiosity to comprehend and analyze political dynamics in the European Union. semester in Washington D.C. as an intern at the German Aerospace Center and it gave me an I avidly follow international affairs and I am highly invested in the women’s rights movement. insight on how theories of international relations are put into practice. Currently I am working closely together with female refugees in order to diminish structural I am happy to join GöMUN again and I am looking forward to a fun and rewarding weekend. discrimination.

12 13 Meet our Patrons and Keynote Speakers GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Meet our Patrons and Keynote Speakers Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

Meet our Patrons Thomas Oppermann Rosario Manalo Thomas Oppermann, born in 1954 in the county of Warendorf, studied Amb. Rosario G. Manalo is the first Filipina who, straight from her uni- law in Göttingen and passed the second state examination in 1986. versity studies, took and passed the competitive Foreign Service exami- A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) since nations for Philippine career diplomats. She accomplished this feat at the 1980, he has held various positions in the youth organization of the SPD very young age of 24. and on the academic and student governance bodies, and has served as a judge at Hanover and Amb. Manalo is a holder of a BS in Foreign Service degree, a Bachelor of Laws & Jurisprudence Brunswick Administrative Courts (1988-1989 Head of the Legal Affairs Department of the town degree, and holds a Masters of Public Administration, all obtained from the University of the of Münden). Philippines (UP). In addition, she graduated from Long Island University at Zeckendorf Cam- From 1990 to 2005 he was a member of the parliament of the federal state of Lower Saxony, pus, New York, with a Master’s Degree in International Relations and Diplomacy. Currently, she where until 1998 he was the Legal-affairs spokesman for the SPD parliamentary group and the is pursuing her doctoral degree in Social Development at PWU. chairman of the Göttingen subdistrict branch of the SPD. Between 1998 and 2003 he was Min- Amb. Manalo served as Philippine Ambassador to, among others, the EEC, the UNESCO and ister of Science and Cultural affairs for the state. In 2005, Oppermann was elected a Member of the Nordic and Baltic states. the German Bundestag, a position he still holds. Since December 2013, he serves as chairman of She served as the Director of the European Studies Program under the School of Social Sciences the SPD parliamentary group. of the Ateneo de Manila University from 2005-2009. She continues her lectures in said Program, Oppermann is a member of several parliamentary bodies, such as the Joint Committee under and in the Global Politics Masteral Degree Course and Diplomatic Courses in the Political Sci- Article 53a of the Basic Law, the parliamentary committee for the election of the justices to the ence Department. Amb. Manalo is likewise a lecturer in the Consular and Diplomatic Affairs Federal Constitutional Court and the Mediation Committee. Program, DLSU-College of St. Benilde, the International Studies Program at Miriam College, Thomas Oppermann is on the Board of Trustees of the Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, the and the Asian Center in UP. Board of Trustees of the Ernst Reuter Foundation for Advanced Study, Berlin, on the Boards of Amb. Manalo was adviser to Pres. Fidel V. Ramos in 2006 when he was the Philippine Eminent Trustees of the Max Planck Institutes for Biophysical Chemistry and Experimental Medicine, Person in the negotiations of ASEAN Charter. She chaired the actual negotiations of the Charter Göttingen and the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Lindau. He also has a seat in in 2007 and then became the Philippine negotiator on the Terms of Reference of the ASEAN the Committee of the XLAB Foundation for the Promotion of Scientific Education, Göttingen, Human Rights Body. She is currently serving as Philippine Representative to the ASEAN Inter and the advisory board of the public service television programme ZDF. Governmental Commission of Human Rights. Currently, she represents the Philippines in the Board of Governors of the Asia-Europe Founda- tion. She ended being the Chairmanship of said Board, at the end of 2014. Today, Amb. Manalo is the Dean of the Helena Z Benitez School of International Relations and

Diplomacy of PWU, and the Director of the Center for Gender Equality and People Empower- ment of said University.

14 15 Meet our Patrons and Keynote Speakers GöMUN 2016 Asia Unbound

Meet our Keynote Speakers

Prof. Dr. Hiltraud Caspar-Hehne, University of Göttingen

Hiltraud Caspar-Hehne is a professor for intercultural German philology at University of Göttingen since 2004. She holds the post of vice president for international affairs.

Matthias Füracker, ITLOS

Matthias Füracker studied amongst others at Staffordshire University and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and has previously worked as a judge, public prosecutor and for the German Federal Ministry of Justice. Currently he works as a legal officer for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), which was established by the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to settle disputes between states on maritime legal questions.

Michael Buckup, State Chancelery

Michael Buckup is the current head of the European Information Center (EIZ), a sub unit of the State Chancellery of Lower Saxony. As such he or- ganizes projects and workshops dealing with European topics, including EU law, EU institutions, economics, finance, collective foreign and secu- rity policy. Mr. Buckup is furthermore a lecturer at the University of Applied Sciences, where he teaches Business Administration and European Integration. Documents

16 GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Rules of Procedure Documents – Opening Speech Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

Example of an Opening Speech Rules of Procedure At the first session of every committee, every delegation is supposed to deliver an opening Preamble speech. In this speech you should explain your countries policy (especially regarding to the The purpose of this set of rules is to enable, organise, structure and facilitate the formal debate topic of the conference). This speech shall not exceed 2 minutes and may NOT offend any and discussion during the conference. Naturally, not every possible conflict and/or situation can country directly. be foreseen. Therefore, all chairpersons and members of the administrative conference staff have This is an example of an opening speech on development held by the delegate of India: the authority to make ultimate decisions based on good judgment and personal experience in cases of conflict that are not dealt with or clearly specified in this present set of rules. All chairs Thank you Madam President, honourable chair, distinguished delegates, dear guests, Four-fifths of our world's population depends on one-third of the global income. and delegates are invited to consult with executive conference staff members in cases of conflict This group clings to survival with a meagre annual income of one hundred dollars concerning the Rules of Procedure. or less, and in the past decade has experienced an economic growth of only 10%, Chapter I – Code of Conduct while the richer one-fifth of the world's population has enjoyed five to ten times that growth. Poor people are getting poorer and the rich are becoming richer. The 1. The working language to be used for all forms of communication shall be English. growing income gap between the developed nations of the North and the developing 2. Delegates shall address the chairpersons and other delegates in the third person and in a cour- nations of the South is a disgrace to the international community. If the problem is teous, diplomatic, professional and respectful manner. not properly addressed now, then the people of this world will not see the year 2000 3. All delegates are required to wear formal business attire during debate. National and tradi- without experiencing a drastic global depression. tional dresses are allowed, within the limits of modesty. The North is responsible for its brother nations in the South, Right now, debt servicing 4. All delegates are required to be on time for debate and Roll Call. In case of the late arrival of alone is sending the countries of the South further and further away from economic a delegate, that delegate shall send a note to the chairs declaring his/her status of presence. stability and independence. It is a bottomless pit, with no way out unless the North is willing to make some concessions to the South. Therefore, India calls upon the 5. Laptops, electronic notebooks, mobile phones and other means of electronic communication countries of the North to consider the problems of the South with this in mind, lest and entertainment devices must be switched off during formal session but may be used dur- they undermine their own prosperity. ing unmoderated caucus. The chair of a committee may temporarily overrule this, if he/she Ladies and Gentlemen, India thanks for your distinguished attention and looks forward to productive discussions. deems it necessary for the progress of the debate. Thank you Madam President. 6. Delegates shall refrain from direct conversation during debate. In order to communicate with each other, delegates may send written notes to fellow committee members. Such written Some points you should consider in your opening speeches: notes may also be used for communication with the chairpersons. • Spoken language is different than written • Enumeration can help to structure your language, e.g. use shorter sentences and thoughts 7. The waging or “threat” of war is strictly forbidden at any time. more simple words • Repetition can underline a central point of 8. The property of the Georg-August-University Göttingen, of other hosting institutions and • Use stylistic devices to colour your speech, your policy of other delegates is to be respected, kept, and preserved. Legal measures will be employed e.g. quotes, slogans, symbols • Try to address your audience against damages and violation of rights that may also lead to expulsion from the conference.

18 19 Documents – Rules of Procedure GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Rules of Procedure Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

9. Part of any MUN is to create own resolutions, containing the points the Committees discussed abstain during substantive votes, or “present and observing” if the delegate represent an during the conference. Therefore, any pre-written resolution will not be tolerated during the observing body and is therefore not granted the right to vote on substantive matters. conference. If we see any pre-written resolutions or if any pre-written resolution is handed in, b. A quorum is present when at least one quarter of all committee members with substantive this can lead to the expulsion from the conference. voting rights are present or present and voting. The chairs shall inform the Delegates of the amount of delegations in the house and the necessary quorum to reach an simple or Chapter II – General Structure and Debate 2/3 majority. 10. The chairs shall, 13. General Speaker’s List: The General Speaker’s List is the default mode of debate during a. Open, close and adjourn the meeting of the respective committee which delegates can formally address the house on the subject of the discussion. b. Open and close debate a. Automatically after the speech of a delegation, the chairs will ask for points or motions c. Ensure, observe and enforce the application of the Rules of Procedure of the conference and recognise them. If no points or motions are raised, the chairs shall call the next del- d. Administer the Speaker’s List (including the setting of the speaker’s time), grant and/ egation on the list to address the floor. or revoke the right to speak to individual delegates and reprimand delegates once their b. Any delegation may ask at any time to be added or withdrawn from the Speaker’s List by speaking time has elapsed sending a written note containing the request to the chairs or by raising the placard once e. Rule on Points and Rights of Reply the chairs invite delegations to join the list or by putting the placard in a vertical position. f. Reply to Points of Parliamentary Inquiry c. The initial speaking time shall be set by the chairs and may later be modified by raising g. Review all draft resolutions, conclusions and all amendments and decide whether their the Motion to Change the Speaking Time. introduction is in order 14. Yields: Unless the speech was delivered during a moderated caucus, a delegate must yield h. Discipline delegates behaving disrespectfully during debate and/or violating the rules of the floor to one of the following: the conference by giving them warnings and reporting them to the Secretary General a. The Chairs: The chairs then shall ask for and recognise any points or motions on the floor who shall take proper actions to restore order; should the delegate refuse to change his b. Another delegate: His or her remaining time will be offered to that delegate. The delegate her behavior, the chairs may expel the delegate from the debate or, in extreme cases, ask that has been yielded the floor may address the committee and/or declare him- /herself the Secretary General to expel the delegate from the conference. open for Points of Information or yield the floor the chairs. The original speaking time of 11. All final procedural decisions will fall under the chair’s discretion including all proce- the first delegate cannot be extended, and the delegate who has accepted the yield cannot dures that may not be clearly specified in the Rules of Procedure. yield back to the original delegate or to a third delegate. The general structure of the debate shall contain the following items: c. Questions: The chairs shall recognise other delegations wishing to ask a question to the 12. Roll Call: The chairs shall administer a roll call at each reconvention after an adjourn- speaker, who reserves the right to refuse to answer. If the delegate who posed the question ment of the session in order to determine the quorum. requests a follow-up question, it is up to the discretion of the chairs to accept this inquiry. a. Once the name of a committee member is called out, the respective delegate shall answer The remaining time of the original speaker shall be only used for the answering of the with “present” if the delegate wishes to retain the right to abstain during substantive votes, question, not for the phrasing of it. or “present and voting” if the delegates wishes to indicate that he/she is not willing to 20 21 Documents – Rules of Procedure GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Rules of Procedure Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

15. Right of Reply: If a delegate feels personally offended or that the integrity of his/her - To Introduce a Draft Resolution; country was threatened by a speech, he/she may call for a Right of Reply immediately - To Introduce an Amendment; after the original speaker has finished by raising the placard and clearly stating “Right of - To Adjourn the Meeting / the Session; - To Close Debate; Reply”. It is up to the discretion of the chairs to decide if the first delegate may reply to the - To Change the Agenda; Right of Reply. - To Set the Agenda; 16. Voting: All votes ruling on draft resolutions, conclusions and amendments shall be con- - To Reconsider an Agenda Item; - To Close Speaker’s List; sidered substantive; all other votes shall be considered procedural. Abstentions are not in - To Re-Open the Speaker’s List order during procedural votes. - To Change the Speaking Time; 17. Observers: Representatives of accredited observers will have the same rights as those of - Closed Door Session; full members, except that they may not sponsor a proposal or vote on final conclusions; furthermore, observers will be granted the right to vote on procedural motions, but not - To Extend Debate Time; on substantive issues. - For an Unmoderated Caucus; - For a Moderated Caucus; Chapter III – Points and Motions - For a Minute of Silent Prayer; 18. Points and motions may only be raised once the chairs have declared the floor open to - For an Invitation of an Ambassador. points and motions. Only a Point of Personal Privilege referring to audibility of the recent d. The order of precedence during the voting procedure shall be: speaker may interrupt a speech. - Motion to Vote Clause by Clause; 19. All motions except Motions to Introduce Draft Resolutions or Amendments, the Motion - Motion to Split/Divide the Question; for Roll Call Vote and the Motion to Declare a Vote Substantive shall be put to a vote. - Motion for Roll Call Vote. None of the motions requires a second. The chairpersons do not have to entertain any The points that are in order during debate and may be raised once the chairs ask for points motion at any time. include: 20. The order of precedence of points and motions is listed as follows: 21 Point of Personal Privilege: This point may be raised if a delegate feels uncomfortable a. Points shall take precedence over motions. (i.e. cannot hear the speaker, feels it is too warm in the room, etc.). b. Points shall take the following order of precedence: 22. Point of Order: This point may be raised if a delegate feels that there has been a breach - Point of Personal Privilege; of the Rules of Procedure or any kind of procedural error either by another delegate or by - Point of Order; the chairs. - Point of Parliamentary Inquiry; 23. Point of Parliamentary Inquiry: This point allows asking the chairs a question about the - Right of Reply. Rules of Procedure if a delegate feels need for clarification. c. Motions shall take the following order of precedence: - To Appeal the Decision of the The motions in order during the debate include: Chair; 22 23 Documents – Rules of Procedure GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Rules of Procedure Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

24. Motion for a Minute of Silent Prayer: Any delegate may bring in a motion for a minute topics of the present agenda item. Yields are not in order during a moderated caucus since of silent prayer. The mover may choose to name a specific reason for his or her request. the chairs shall recognise individual delegates wishing to speak. The motion is procedural This motion may only be in order before the first Roll Call takes place. Any decisions and requires a simple majority to carry. concerning this motion are not subject to appeal. 31. Motion for Unmoderated Caucus: This motion may be raised if a delegate wishes to sus- 25. Motion to Set the Agenda: This motion is in order during agenda setting. The delegates pend formal debate for a certain period of time and to converse freely with other delegate. will have to decide which of the topics shall be addressed first. In case of multiple mo- The delegate can explain the purpose/topic of the unmoderated caucus and must specify tions to set the agenda, the motions shall be voted upon in the order in which they were the overall duration. The motion is procedural and requires a simple majority to carry. brought to the floor. The chairs shall then ask for up to two in favour and up to two speak- 32. Motion to Extend Debate Time: This motion may be raised if a delegate feels the need ers against this motion. This procedural vote requires a simple majority. for further debate. The delegate must specify the time by which he/she would like to ex- 26. Motion to Change the Agenda: This motion is in order when an urgent matter requires tend the debate. This is a procedural motion; requiring a simple majority to pass. the attention of the committee. The delegate that raised the motion must clearly state the 33. Motion to Introduce a Draft Resolution: This motion may only be raised if the relevant new item he/she would like to discuss. The chairs shall then ask for up to two speakers in working paper has been presented to and approved by the chairs beforehand. One of the favour and up to two speakers against this motion. This is a procedural motion, requiring main submitters shall then read out the operative clauses of the draft resolution / conclu- a simple majority to pass. Once the motion carried, the original agenda item is tempo- sion. This motion automatically carries. rarily suspended until the agenda is set back to the original topic, either by completing 34. Motion to Introduce an Amendment: This motion may only be raised if the amendment debate on the new item or another Motion to Change the Agenda. has been presented to and approved by the chairs beforehand. One of the main submitters 27. Motion to Change the Speaking Time: This motion may be raised to either extend or shall then read out the amendment. This motion does not require a vote. limit the time a speaker on the general Speaker’s List has to deliver a speech. The delegate 35. Motion to Close Debate/to Go Directly Into Voting Procedures: This motion may be who raises this motion must specify the new speaking time. This is a procedural motion raised to immediately end the debate on the current amendment or draft resolution / and requires a simple majority to pass. conclusion. The chairs shall invite up to two delegates to speak in favour and against this 28. Motion to Close the Speaker’s List: This motion may be raised if a delegate feels that no motion. It requires a 2/3 majority to carry and is considered a procedural motion. further speakers should be invited to join the Speaker’s List. This motion is procedural 36. Motion to Adjourn the Meeting/the Session: This motion may be raised to end the meet- and requires a simple majority to carry. ing or the whole session. Without this motion the debates will continue. It is a procedural 29. Motion to Re-Open the Speaker’s List: If the Speaker’s List shall be re-opened, delegates motion and requires a simple majority. may raise the Motion to Re-Open the Speaker’s List. This is also a procedural motion and 37. Motion to Reconsider a Question/an Agenda Item: This motion may be raised, if an requires a simple majority to carry. agenda item on which debate has been adjourned shall be debated again. This motion is 30. Motion for Moderated Caucus: If a delegate raises this motion, he/she must explain the not debatable and requires a 2/3 majority vote.

purpose/topic of the moderated caucus, specify the overall duration and the individual 38. Motion to Appeal the Decision of the Chair: This motion may only be raised, if a del- speaking time. The purpose of such a caucus is to facilitate discussion on aspects or sub- egate does not consent with a decision of the chair. If this motion is successful, the chair

24 25 Documents – Rules of Procedure GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Rules of Procedure Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

will alter his or her ruling according to the appeal. If this motion fails, the chair’s decision matters, in the deliberations of the Security Council on the dispute. shall stand. Any decisions concerning the Motion for a Minute of Silent Prayer, the Mo- 43. Motion for a P5 Caucus: The permanent members of the UN Security Council can en- tion to Adjourn the Meeting and the Right of Reply cannot be appealed. This motion is tertain this motion. The P5 Caucus shall be held in a separate room with the participation not debatable and requires a 2/3 majority vote. of the P5 Nations and the Security Council Chairs. During this informal caucus they These motions concerning the voting procedures are in order: should consult their interests and come to a common solution, while the general debate 39. Motion for Roll Call Vote: If a delegate raises this motion, the chairpersons will call upon is suspended. It is at the discretion of the chairs to permit or overrule this motion and every delegation individually during the voting procedure on a draft resolution. The del- the final decision is not subject to an appeal. If any of the P5 deems this unnecessary or is egates are then allowed to additionally vote “yes with rights” and “no with rights”, which unwilling to join, the P5 Caucus will be overruled. means that they can explain their voting behavior after the voting procedure. In addition 44. Motion to Declare a Vote Substantive: This motion may only apply for the UN Security the delegates can pass their vote in the first round of the Roll Call. If a delegate passes in Council! This motion may only be introduced by the permanent members of the Security the first round, he/she cannot abstain in the second round. This motion carries automati- Council. It may be entertained on any procedural motion. The aim of this motion is to cally. change the required vote on the procedural motion into a substantive vote. On a sub- 40. Motion to Vote Clause by Clause: This motion is in order when the delegate putting the stantive vote, all delegates who are ‘present’ may abstain, and, even more important, the motion forward wishes to vote on each operative clauses separately. After voting on each required majority for that motion to pass is nine including all permanent members. This clause separately, the respective council has to vote on the whole resolution once again. gives the P5 the possibility to veto a normally procedural motion. As soon as any perma- This is a procedural motion that requires one speaker in favour, one speaker against and nent member introduces this motion, the other (procedural) motion is declared substan- a 2/3 majority to carry. tive. It is at the discretion of the presidency to permit or overrule and the final decision is 41. Motion to Split/Divide the Question: This motion is in order when the delegate putting not subject to an appeal. the motion forward wishes to vote on different operative clauses separately. He / She must 45. Motion for a Closed Door Session: During a Closed Door Session only Representatives specify the order in which he/she would like the voting to take place. If there are several of the Member States, the Chairpersons, and the Secretariat may attend the meeting. Ob- Motions to Split the Question, the chairs shall consider and decide upon the order of servers and Journalists have to leave the room. The time for the Closed Door Session is voting on them, since only one Motion to Split the Question is possible for a single draft specified by the Chairperson. Rules for the Moderated Caucus shall apply. A Representa- resolution. The chairs shall invite one delegate to speak in favour and one delegate to tive may ask for a Motion for a Closed Door Session at any time the floor is open, but speak against this motion. This is a procedural motion that requires a simple majority to not during speeches. The Motion is not debatable and shall immediately be put to vote. carry. It needs a 2/3 majority in order to pass. The Chairperson may rule out the Motion. The decision of the Chairperson is not subject to an appeal. Chapter IV – Special Rules 42. Motion for an Invitation of an Ambassador: The Security Council may, at its discretion, Chapter V – Draft Resolutions and Amendments invite the ambassador of any Member State, which is relevant to the dispute and not a 46. All draft resolutions must be presented to and approved by the chairs before being intro- member of the Security Council, to participate, without the right to vote on substantive duced to the committee. 26 27 Documents – Rules of Procedure GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Rules of Procedure Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

a. In order for a draft document to be considered by the chairs, it needs at least one main- moderated caucus with a time limit set by the chairs to discuss the amendment. During submitter and several signatories (minimum of two), which in total must comprise 1/5 this special caucus, Motions to Extend Debate Time and Motions to go directly into Vot- ofthe members of the committee. ing Procedures on the Amendment are in order. b. Once a draft document is properly introduced, has been read out and/or presented to the c. An amendment may only change the wording of one clause at a time. However, it is in delegates, it becomes official and may be referred to during speeches, amended and voted order to propose to strike more than one clause or replace more than one clause with a upon. Draft documents that have not yet been properly introduced may not be referred different one or to add more than one clause at a time or to rearrange the order of clauses. to. d. If the submitters of the amendment are identical with the submitters of the draft resolu- c. A main submitter is obliged to vote in favour of his or her Draft Resolution, unless it is tion that is being amended, the amendment shall be considered a friendly amendment altered by an unfriendly amendment. Signatories are not subject to such an obligation. and shall be included without debate or voting. Also, if all submitters agree to accept an 47. Any draft resolution (except Security Council and Regional Organisations) requires a amendment by a non-submitter, that amendment shall also be considered friendly and 2/3 majority to pass. If no Motion for Roll Call Vote has been raised, the chairs shall first there shall be no debate or voting. ask for votes in favour, then for votes against, then for abstentions. If the draft resolution e. Amendments to an amendment are generally only in order if they are friendly. However passes, it becomes the official resolution of the committee on the specific topic, and the delegates can introduce more than one amendment on the same clause after each another. committee shall move on to the next agenda item. 51. Any amendment requires an simple majority to pass. The chairs shall first ask for votes in 48. A Security Council resolution always requires a 3/5 majority to pass (i.e. nine votes in favour, then for votes against, then for abstentions. favour). If one (or more) permanent members of the council vote against, the resolution 52. In the regional organisations, any amendment requires a 2/3 majority to pass. If any automatically fails. The rest of the voting procedure is the same as in other UN commit- member votes against the amendment, it automatically fails. tees. Chapter VI – Majorities 49. In regional organisations delegates will not pass a draft resolution, but instead joint con- 53. Simple Majority: A simple majority requires of more than the half of all valid votes. clusions or declarations. However, conclusions and declarations must meet the same E.g. in the Security Council with its 15 members a simple majority requires 8 votes. But formal requirements as resolutions. In general, passing a conclusion or a declaration in if two countries are absent the simple majority is only 7 votes. Most of the procedural regional bodies requires a consensus among all members with a 2/3 majority in favour of votes require a simple majority (exception: Motion to Close Debate and Motion to Vote the document. Clause by Clause). 50. All amendments must be presented to and approved by the chairs before being intro- 54. 2/3 Majority: A 2/3 majority needs 2/3 of all valid votes. E.g. in the Security Council duced to the committee. with its 15 members a 2/3 majority requires 10 votes. This high majority is required for a. In order for an amendment to be considered by the chairs, it needs at least one main sub- motions which change the procedure drastically (Motion to Close Debate and Motion to mitter and several signatories, which in total must comprise 1/8 of the members of the Vote Clause by Clause). committee and must be a minimum of two in numbers. 55. 3/5 Majority: This majority only concerns the voting on a Security Council resolution! b. Once an amendment has been properly introduced, the chair shall call for an immediate In order for these resolutions to pass 9 members have to vote in favour and no perma- 28 29 Documents – Rules of Procedure GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Resolutions Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

nent member (China, , Russia, UK and USA) is allowed to vote against the reso- working on. lution. Present comprehensive and feasible solutions! The proposals and plans outlined in the working 56. Consensus: Being consensus-based committees, regional organisations require unani- paper and finally in the resolution need to be detailed if they want to find broad acceptance in mity in order to reach a decision and to adopt a Conclusion/Declaration. Each Member your Committee. State has one vote. Abstentions are permissible and do not count against unanimity. All Do not neglect the introductory expressions! They are very important because they reflect the substantive decisions are made unanimously. A „no“ in a substantive vote equals a veto. impact of a resolution clause. For example, there is quite a difference between “strongly urges all member states to...” and “invites all member states to...” Furthermore, these expressions often create a considerable space for negotiation and compromises. For example, the two parties in the example given above might finally meet up with “calls upon all member states”.

How to Write a Resolution Drafting Resolutions The main instruments in UN negotiations are resolutions. They state opinions, appeals and sug- The goal of formal debate and caucusing is to persuade enough countries in the committee gestions towards a topic. The only Council that may force countries to take specific actions is the to support a particular solution to the topic under discussion. Resolutions formally state the Security Council (SC). agreed-upon solution by outlining the relevant precedents and describing the proposed actions Resolutions are divided into preambulatory and operative clauses. The first part of a resolution / policy outlines. contains the preambulatory clauses. Here the extent of the topic is stated, explanations are given Working papers are intended to aid the committee in its discussion and formulation of resolu- and references to already taken measures, such as active measures, as well as already passed tions; however they are not official documents. As they are no official document you cannot treaties and resolutions are made. The second part consists of the operative clauses which gives refer to them during official debate. But you can discuss them in your unmoderated caucuses. specific advises and appeals (or in the SC: enforcement) to solve the discussed problem. After the chairs have approved a working paper, it may be introduced as a draft document by a It is important that grammar and spelling is correct. Each preambulatory clause ends with a motion of one of its sponsors. comma, operative clauses with a semicolon. Each clause should start with a new line. The final The UN committees are not limited to one resolution per topic; the committee can pass multiple operative clause ends with a full stop. resolutions dealing with different aspects of a topic. Especially in times of crisis this will prob- There are a lot of ways that lead to a good resolution. The best thing is learning by doing, gain- ably occur. The chairs are the final authority on all resolutions / conclusions. A draft document ing experience and developing an own style. Nevertheless, there are some basic principles you may not be distributed to the committee without the approval of the chairs. They may require should care about: revisions to a resolution, including changes in format and/or content. The chairs may also, at In the “ideal” resolution, every operative clause refers to a problem or aspect of the topic that is their discretion, require two or more groups to combine or merge (more or less) similar docu- introduced in one of the preambulatory clauses. ments before approval. Once a document has been introduced, it is formally debated as part of Be aware of your key concerns! In the course of drafting resolutions and merging different work- the topic. A draft document remains on the floor until debate on that specific topic has been ing papers, there are always some ideas that are getting lost on the way. Make sure that your most formally closed. important points are contained in every version of the working paper you and your group are 30 31 GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Resolutions Documents – Resolutions Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

Amendments Sample Clauses Amendments are an important aspect of every draft document. Almost no document ever gets Preambulatory Clauses Operative Clauses Affirming Accepts passed without being amended. If your draft is affected by an amendment or if you want to Alarmed by Affirms amend another draft, you might like to get a place on the Speakers’ List for the debate on this Approving Appreciates Aware of Approves amendment. Also please keep in mind, that the perambulatory clauses of a draft document can- Bearing in mind Asks Authorises not be amended. Therefore, if you introduce a document make sure everyone can agree upon Believing Contemplating Calls for the perambulatory clauses before the draft will be introduced. Convinced Calls upon Condemns Deeply concerned Although amendments are important, debates on amendments can be quite tedious. As a con- Confirms Deeply convinced Congratulates Deeply disturbed sequence, you should focus on amendments that are really important for you when you decide Declares accordingly Deeply regretting whether to speak in a debate on an amendment or not. In addition you should before introduc- Deplores Declaring/Deploring Designates ing an amendment check out, if your amendment has a majority or not. Maybe you can also Desiring Draws the attention of Disturbed Emphasises convince the sponsors of the draft to introduce your proposal as a friendly amendment; this Emphasising Encourages Expecting could save time and nerves of the committee. Moreover, amendments to amendments are out Endorses Expressing its appreciation Expresses its appreciation of order. Expressing its satisfaction Expresses its hope Fulfilling Further invites Fully alarmed/aware Further recommends Fully believing Further requests Further deploring Further resolves Further recalling Has resolved Guided by Hopes Having adopted Invites Having concluded Notes Having considered Proclaims Having examined Proposes Reaffirms Having received Recommends Having studied Regrets Having received Reminds Keeping in mind Requests Noting/Noting further Resolves Noting with approval Seeks Noting with deep concern Solemnly affirms Noting with regret Strongly condemns Noting with satisfaction Strongly urges Observing Suggests Reaffirming Supports Recalling Takes note of Recognising Transmits Referring Trusts Regretting Urges 32 33 GöMUN 2016 Documents – Resolutions Asia Unbound

Sample Resolution

THIRD COMMITTEE OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY SOCIAL, HUMANITARIAN AND CULTURAL COMMITTEE Sponsors: United States, Austria and Italy Signatories: Greece, Tajikistan, Japan, Canada, Mali, the Netherlands and Gabon Topic: “Strengthening UN coordination of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies”

The General Assembly, Reminding all nations of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Further Information Human Rights, which recognises the inherent dignity, equality and inalienable rights of all global citizens, Reaffirming its Resolution 33/1996 of 25 July 1996, which encourages Governments to work with UN bodies aimed at improving the coordination and effectiveness of humanitarian assistance, Noting with satisfaction the past efforts of various relevant UN bodies and nongovernmental organisations, Stressing the fact that the United Nations faces significant financial obstacles and is in need of reform, particularly in the humanitarian realm, 1. Encourages all relevant agencies of the United Nations to collaborate more closely with coun- tries at the grassroots level to enhance the carrying out of relief efforts; 2. Urges member states to comply with the goals of the UN Department of Humanitarian Af- fairs to streamline efforts of humanitarian aid; 3. Requests that all nations develop rapid deployment forces to better enhance the coordination of relief efforts of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies; 4. Calls for the development of a United Nations Trust Fund that encourages voluntary dona- tions from the private transnational sector to aid in funding the implementation of rapid deployment forces; 5. Stresses the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the political, eco- nomic and social situations and events of all countries; 6. Calls upon states to respond quickly and generously to consolidated appeals for humanitar- ian assistance; 7. Requests the expansion of preventive actions and assurance of post-conflict assistance through reconstruction and development; 8. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

34 Schedules and Social Programme GöMUN 2016 GöMUN 2016 Schedules and Social Programme Asia Unbound Asia Unbound

Schedule The GöMUN 2016 conference will take place at: Date Time What? Where? Georg-August-University Göttingen Friday , Oeconomicum th 09:00-12:00 Registration Campus, Oeconomicum June 10 Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37073 Göttingen

10:00-11:00 Rules of Procedure Campus, Theologicum, Workshop T01 By bus: By car: Campus, You can take the bus lines 91, 92, 41, 42, 150 or If you come by car, you can use the university’s 12:00-13:00 Lunch Break Zentralmensa 170 and get off at “Auditorium”. Depending on parking lot right next to Oeconomicum. You Alfred-Hessel-Saal, the direction you were coming from, you may can access the lot from Weender Landstraße 13:00-15:00 Opening Ceremony and Historical Building of Champagne Reception the State and University have to cross the street to get to the university’s and Kreuzbergring. Using the parking lot is Library (SUL) APEC: Oec 1.163 central campus. not for free, you will have to buy a ticket. EC: Oec 1.162 16:00-18:30 Committee Session I HRC: Oec 0.169 SC: Oec 0.211

Zentralmensa☛ 19:30 Barbecue Turmmensa ☛ Turmmensa Saturday, 09:00-12:00 Committee Session II Campus, Oeconomicum June 11th Oeconomicum☛ Campus, 12:15-13:15 Lunch Break Zentralmensa

13:30-18:00 Commitee Session III Campus, Oeconomicum

21:00 Conference Party Freihafen Deutsches Sunday, June 12th 09:00-12:00 Committee Session IV Campus, Oeconomicum Theater☛

12:15-13:15 Lunch Break Restaurant Bosumo

13:30-17:00 Committee Session V Campus, Oeconomicum Historical SUL

Building☛ 19:00 Group Picture Deutsches Theater

Deutsches Theater ☛ Bosumo 19:30 Delegates‘ Dinner Paulinerkirche☛ Monday, June 13th 09:00-12:00 Committee Session VI Campus, Oeconomicum Campus,

12:15-13:30 Lunch Break Zentralmensa ☛ Closing Ceremony and Paulinerkirche, Historical Freihafen 14:00-16:30 Champagne Reception Building of the SUL

36 37 GöMUN 2016 Asia Unbound Useful Homepages Our MUN Society www.munsg.de City of Göttingen www.goettingen.de Georg-August-University www.uni-goettingen.de Göttinger Verkehrsbetriebe (public transportation) www.goevb.de German UN Youth Association www.junges-uno-netzwerk.de German UN Association www.dgvn.de

Telephone Numbers Emergency – Police 110 Fire brigade and ambulance 112 Taxi (+49) 551 – 69300 or 66066 Fabian Dolch, Secretariat (+49) 176 / 92457480 Anne Reinhard (+49) 1577 / 0462321

Useful places Pharmacy Rent-a-bike Have a fun Conference! Malteser Apotheke Voß Fahrräder am Bahnhof Weender Str. 80 Bahnhofsplatz 3

GöMUN 2016: Asia Unbound – A Continent on the Rise, the 8th session of the annual Göttingen Model United Nations Conference is sponsored by

38 Notes: …………………………………………………………………………………………………… GöMUN 2016 …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… (Paste your official GöMUN 2016 group photo here) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Voucher Send in this voucher with your application for GöMUN 2017 and get 10% off the admission fee! List of Points and Motions Point/Motion Function Speakers Vote Point of Personal Delegate feels uncomfortable None None Privilege Point of Order Point out procedural error None None Right of Reply Delegate feels deeply offended None None Point of Parliamentary Ask a question to the chairs None None Inquiry Motion to Introduce a Introduce an approved draft None None Draft Resolution document to the debate Motion to Introduce an Introduce an approved None None Amendment amendment to the debate Motion to Change the Change the topic of the debate 2 + / 2- Simple majority Agenda Motion to Set the Decide which topic should be 2 + / 2- Simple majority Agenda discussed Motion to Close Debate/ End the discussion and 2 + / 2- 2/3 majority to Go Directly Into immediately vote on the Voting Procedures amendment/document Motion to Close the Close the Speaker’s List None Simple majority Speaker’s List Motion to Re-Open the Re-open the Speaker’s List None Simple majority Speaker’s List Motion to Change the Extend or limit the speaking time None Simple majority Speaking Time for the general Speaker’s List Motion to Extend Debate Extend the caucus or the other None Simple majority Time debate Motion for Unmoderated Proceed to unmoderated caucus None Simple majority Caucus Motion for Moderated Proceed to a moderated caucus None Simple majority Caucus Motion for Roll Call Vote Voting by roll call list None None

Motion to Vote Clause by Vote on each clause separately 1 + / 1 - 2/3 majority Clause Motion to Split/Divide Divide the draft resolution into 1 + / 1 - Simple majority the Question several parts and vote separately Motion to Adjourn the End the Meeting/Session None Simple majority Meeting/Session

GöMUN 2016 Asia Unbound