Geography Global Exporters: China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Geography Global Exporters: China Human geography Physical geography Key Knowledge Capital city: Beijing Yangtze River rd. China is known as the People’s Republic Largest city: Shanghai • Longest river in China (3 longest of China. in the world) Population: 1.3 billion people – • Stretches for 6,300km from the the largest in the world Himalayas in West China to It is in the continent Asia. Shanghai on the east coast • Flows into East China Sea There are 14 countries that border China Population density = the amount of people living in an area • Famous for 3 Gorges Dam The capital city is Beijing. • China is densely populated Himalayas Shanghai is the largest city (South East on its east coast where a lot The Himalayan mountain range in of China). of cities are. • China is sparsely populated found in Asia and separates India and Pakistan from the Tibetan Main language spoken is Mandarin in the west, particularly around the Tibetan Plateau plateau of China. The Himalayas are more than just a mountain range: together, they Megacities make up a gigantic mountain system, which includes many A city with a population of Import peaks – fourteen of which rise over more than 10 million people. To bring (goods or 8,000 meters above sea level. Desertification services) into a country Port city Mount Everest Is the process of land turning into desert as the quality of the from abroad for sale. soil declines over time. The main causes of desertification A place on a waterway with Mount Everest is one of the include: Population growth - the population in some desert Export facilities for loading and Mountain ranges in the Himalayas. Everest is 29,035 feet or 8848 areas is increasing. To send (goods or services) unloading ships to another country for sale. meters high The Great Wall of China The summit is the border of Nepal to the south and China or Tibet on The earliest fortifications date the north Key Words back as far as the seventh Chinas Top Trading Links It is over 60 million years old century B.C Trade Links, Asia, Yangtze River, 8 Compass Points, Ming Dynasty is the best USA preserved (1368-1644 Border, Port, Import, Export, Land Use, Mongolia, Nepal, Hong Kong Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Yellow Sea, East Japan China Sea, South China Sea, Qinling, Nanling South Korea Germany .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Regional Climatology East Asian Seas: an Introduction
NOAA Atlas NESDIS 79 doi:10.7289/V5D21VM9 REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY OF THE EAST ASIAN SEAS: AN INTRODUCTION National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring, Maryland December 2015 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Centers for Environmental Information Additional copies of this publication, as well as information about National Centers for Environmental Information (formerly the National Oceanographic Data Center) data holdings and services, are available upon request directly from the National Centers for Environmental Information. National Centers for Environmental Information User Services Team NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI SSMC III, 4th floor 1315 East-West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 Telephone: (301) 713-3277 E-mail: [email protected] NCEI Oceans Home Page: http://www.ncei.noaa.gov/ This document should be cited as: Johnson, D.R., Boyer, T.P., 2015: Regional Climatology of the East Asian Seas: An Introduction. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 79, Silver Spring, MD, 37 pp. doi:10.7289/V5D21VM9. This document is available at http://data.nodc.noaa.gov/woa/REGCLIM/EAS/DOC/nesdis79-doi107289V5D21VM9.pdf. Editor: Dan Seidov, National Centers for Environmental Information Technical Editor: Alexey Mishonov, National Centers for Environmental Information NOAA Atlas NESDIS 79 doi:10.7289/V5D21VM9 REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGY OF THE EAST ASIAN SEAS: AN INTRODUCTION Daphne R. Johnson and Tim P. Boyer National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring, Maryland December 2015 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Penny Pritzker, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn Sullivan Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service Stephen Volz, Assistant Administrator This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
China Seeks to Dominate Off-Shore Energy Resources in the South and East China Seas by John R
International Association for Energy Economics | 17 China Seeks to Dominate Off-Shore Energy Resources in the South and East China Seas By John R. Weinberger* On May 2, 2014, without announcement, Chinese vessels floated China National Offshore Oil Corp.’s (CNOOC) state-of-the-art deep water drilling rig into Vietnamese waters and began sea floor drilling op- erations for natural gas. The location of the rig - within Vietnam’s 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and only 17 nautical miles from Triton Island in the South China Sea, one of the Paracel Islands that is claimed by Vietnam, China, and Taiwan – was unmistakably set up in maritime territory claimed by Vietnam. The Vietnamese Foreign Minister called the move a violation of Vietnamese sov- ereignty. The U.S. State Department described the move as “provocative.” The deployment of China’s first and only home-grown deep-water semisubmersible drilling rig in such a brazen manner illustrates the value that China places on Asia-Pacific off-shore oil and gas resources and the lengths that China will go to assert control over seabed hydrocarbons beneath the far western Pacific Ocean. China’s Quest for Asia-Pacific Energy Resources Driven by Overall Growth in Energy Demand Fossil fuels are the lifeblood of China’s economy. Affordable, reliable sources of crude oil enable China’s transportation sector to grow and thrive. Natural gas is becoming a cornerstone to China’s elec- tric power capacity and an alternative transportation fuel. China’s remarkable economic growth over the past three decades is matched by an insatiable thirst for oil.
[Show full text]
1969 Report by UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East: a Turning Point in the Historical Debate Over Senkaku Islands
1969 Report by UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East: A Turning Point in the Historical Debate over Senkaku Islands 1969 Report by UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East: A Turning Point in the Historical Debate over Senkaku Islands Monika Chansoria* Abstract Historical narratives, re-interpretations, and/or distortions of history have been critically linked to colonial legacies and experiences, with the objective to redraw frontiers and expand spheres of influence by some states in the name of history. In this reference, a seemingly escalating contest in the East China Sea appears to be getting intensely trapped in an unending state – a state, that of perpetuity involving a geo-strategic struggle between China and Japan revolving, among other issues, around the increasingly strained and strategically located Senkaku Gunto (Islands). This paper chronicles the history of the Senkaku Islands that can be segmented in sections highlighting the key milestones and defining the course of their existence. It remains well recorded and archived that the debate over the status of the Senkaku Islands was not highlighted as much until the decade of the 1960s. The contest being witnessed today remained relatively dormant till it reached a turning point in 1969. The contemporary history and ensuing future of the Senkakus potentially got ‘rediscovered’ by China with the discovery of huge deposits of oil and hydrocarbons in the waters surrounding the Islands in 1969 – a detection that prompted a series of vehement statements and counter-statements. The UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) [thereafter known as the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP)] conducted extensive geophysical surveys in 1968 and 1969, which suggested the possible existence of the ‘richest seabed with oil and hydrocarbon deposits’ in the waters off the Senkaku Islands, to the extent of being close to the one existing in the Persian Gulf.
[Show full text]
China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States
Order Code RL32688 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States Updated April 4, 2006 Bruce Vaughn (Coordinator) Analyst in Southeast and South Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Wayne M. Morrison Specialist in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States Summary Southeast Asia has been considered by some to be a region of relatively low priority in U.S. foreign and security policy. The war against terror has changed that and brought renewed U.S. attention to Southeast Asia, especially to countries afflicted by Islamic radicalism. To some, this renewed focus, driven by the war against terror, has come at the expense of attention to other key regional issues such as China’s rapidly expanding engagement with the region. Some fear that rising Chinese influence in Southeast Asia has come at the expense of U.S. ties with the region, while others view Beijing’s increasing regional influence as largely a natural consequence of China’s economic dynamism. China’s developing relationship with Southeast Asia is undergoing a significant shift. This will likely have implications for United States’ interests in the region. While the United States has been focused on Iraq and Afghanistan, China has been evolving its external engagement with its neighbors, particularly in Southeast Asia. In the 1990s, China was perceived as a threat to its Southeast Asian neighbors in part due to its conflicting territorial claims over the South China Sea and past support of communist insurgency.
[Show full text]
Territorial Issues in the Indo-Pacific: the East China Sea… and Beyond
Territorial Issues in the Indo-Pacific: the East China Sea… and Beyond Territorial Issues in the Indo-Pacific: the East China Sea… and Beyond June Teufel Dreyer* Abstract Chinese actions over the past decade indicate that the PRC intends to assert functional control over broad areas of the globe, including the Indo-Pacific, Eurasia, Africa, Latin America and the antipodes. The stated motivation for these actions, the need to protect energy sources crucial to support the nation’s economy is valid, although the means employed to do so have sometimes violated both international law, the laws of the countries impacted, and the Beijing government’s own promises. Militarization of certain areas, the threat of force, cyberattacks, economic pressures, and united front efforts to influence the domestic politics of target countries in ways that favor Chinese interests have all been employed. This article summarizes these actions, the countermeasures that have been taken against them, and their possible consequences. What Issues? ccording to China, there are no issues in the Indo-Pacific. Although the numerous other claimants to territories disagree, influential voices within them have reluctantly concluded that territorial disputes have indeed been resolved, or are well on their way to resolution, and in China’s favor. The headline of a recent article in the New York ATimes stated flatly that China’s sea control is a “done deal.” 1 This perhaps startling statement is supported by congressional testimony: at his confirmation hearing as head of the United States Indo-Pacific Command by the Senate Arms Services Committee in April 2017, Admiral Philip Davidson stated that that “China is now capable of controlling the South China Sea in all scenarios short of war with the United States.” 2 Beijing’s construction of artificial islands, after first denying any intention to militarize them, was followed quickly by their doing so.
[Show full text]
The Long Littoral Project: South China Sea a Maritime Perspective on Indo-Pacific Security
The Long Littoral Project: South China Sea A Maritime Perspective on Indo-Pacific Security Michael A. McDevitt • M. Taylor Fravel • Lewis M. Stern Cleared for Public Release IRP-2012-U-002321-Final March 2013 Strategic Studies is a division of CNA. This directorate conducts analyses of security policy, regional analyses, studies of political-military issues, and strategy and force assessments. CNA Strategic Studies is part of the global community of strategic studies institutes and in fact collaborates with many of them. On the ground experience is a hallmark of our regional work. Our specialists combine in-country experience, language skills, and the use of local primary-source data to produce empirically based work. All of our analysts have advanced degrees, and virtually all have lived and worked abroad. Similarly, our strategists and military/naval operations experts have either active duty experience or have served as field analysts with operating Navy and Marine Corps commands. They are skilled at anticipating the “problem after next” as well as determining measures of effectiveness to assess ongoing initiatives. A particular strength is bringing empirical methods to the evaluation of peace-time engagement and shaping activities. The Strategic Studies Division’s charter is global. In particular, our analysts have proven expertise in the following areas: The full range of Asian security issues The full range of Middle East related security issues, especially Iran and the Arabian Gulf Maritime strategy Insurgency and stabilization Future national security environment and forces European security issues, especially the Mediterranean littoral West Africa, especially the Gulf of Guinea Latin America The world’s most important navies Deterrence, arms control, missile defense and WMD proliferation The Strategic Studies Division is led by Dr.
[Show full text]
Territorial Issues in Asia Drivers, Instruments, Ways Forward
7th Berlin Conference on Asian Security (BCAS) Territorial Issues in Asia Drivers, Instruments, Ways Forward Berlin, July 1-2, 2013 A conference jointly organised by Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Berlin and Konrad-Adenauer -Stiftung (KAS), Berlin Discussion Paper Do Not Cite or Quote without Author’s Permission Session II: Resources (Energy, Fishing) and Maritime Law Dr. Stein Tønnesson Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) Do the Sino-Vietnamese Tonkin Gulf agreements show ways forward in the South China Sea? Abstract The Sino-Vietnamese maritime boundary agreement and fishery agreement for the Tonkin Gulf, which were both signed in 2000, point out several ways by which regional states may move forward towards resolving the maritime disputes in the South China Sea. First, by the way they were negotiated; second, by their use of international law; third, by their application of a median line adjusted for equity; fourth, by the weight attributed to small islands; fifth, by accommodating established fishing interests; sixth, by facilitating joint development of hydrocarbon and mineral resources; and seventh, by establishing a boundary between Hainan and the Vietnamese coast that may be prolonged into the central part of the South China Sea. This paper discusses how each of these points may be followed up, primarily but not only by China and Vietnam. This is part of a larger argument to the effect that the South China Sea disputes are not as impossible to resolve as often assumed. At present, it seems that the most promising venue for further constructive steps with regard to the South China Sea is the on-going bilateral negotiations between China and Vietnam.
[Show full text]
The Current System in the Yellow and East China Seas
Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 58, pp. 77 to 92, 2002 Review The Current System in the Yellow and East China Seas 1 2 HIROSHI ICHIKAWA * and ROBERT C. BEARDSLEY 1Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan 2Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U.S.A. (Received 1 June 2001; in revised form 21 September 2001; accepted 21 September 2001) During the 1990s, our knowledge and understanding of the current system in the Keywords: Yellow and East China Seas have grown significantly due primarily to new technolo- ⋅ East China Sea, gies for measuring surface currents and making high-resolution three-dimensional ⋅ Yellow Sea, ⋅ numerical model calculations. One of the most important new findings in this decade Kuroshio, ⋅ is direct evidence of the northward current west of Kyushu provided by satellite- Tsushima Warm Current, tracked surface drifters. In the East China Sea shelf region, these recent studies indi- ⋅ Changjiang River. cate that in winter the Tsushima Warm Current has a single source, the Kuroshio Branch Current in the west of Kyushu, which transports a mixture of Kuroshio Wa- ter and Changjiang River Diluted Water northward. In summer the surface Tsushima Warm Current has multiple sources, i.e., the Taiwan Warm Current, the Kuroshio Branch Current to the north of Taiwan, and the Kuroshio Branch Current west of Kyushu. The summer surface circulation pattern in the East China Sea shelf region changes year-to-year corresponding to interannual variations in Changjiang River discharge. Questions concerning the Yellow Sea Warm Current, the Chinese Coastal Current in the Yellow Sea, the current field southwest of Kyushu, and the deep circu- lation in the Okinawa Trough remain to be addressed in the next decade.
[Show full text]
Low Ph and Carbonate Saturation State of Aragonite in China Seas: Variations and Controls
Low pH and carbonate saturation state of aragonite in China Seas: variations and controls Juying Wang, Weidong Zhai, Nan Zhen, Jingli Mu, Xuemei Xu and other contributors National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, SOA, CHINA June 17, 2013 OUTLINE • Background of OA • Coastal acidification and case studies in China; • Chinese activities at national scale; Ocean Acidification: Global Warming’s Twin The burning of fossil fuels result in increased CO 2 in the atmosphere being taken up by the ocean resulting in it becoming more acidic. Source: Laffoley et.al. 2010. Ocean Acidification: Questions Answered. Oceans are acidifying fast Changes in oceanic pH over the last 25 million years Source after Turley et al. in Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (2006). pH Time (millions of years before present) Source: Laffoley et.al. 2010. Ocean Acidification: Questions Answered. Changes in surface oceanic pCO2 (in matm) and pH from time series stations Source: IPCC, 2007 Ocean Acidification Impacts Stein, 2009 Decrease in pH 0.1 over the last two centuries 30% increase in acidity; decrease in carbonate ion of about 16% These changes in pH and carbonate chemistry may have serious impacts on open ocean and coastal marine ecosystems. Hall-Spencer, Nature, June 18, 2008 What we know about the ocean chemistry of …saturation state 2− − CO2 + CO3 + H2O ⇔ 2HCO3 Stein, 2009; Feely 2009 Saturation State []2+ []2− Ω Ca CO 3 phase = Aragonite * Ksp ,phase 2+ + 2−→ Ca CO3 CaCO3(s) Ω >1= precipitation Ω = = calcium carbonate calcium 1 equilibrium calcium carbonate calcium Ω < = carbonate 1 dissolution Calcite marine calcifying organisms may require much higher Ω for optimal growth Saturation State []2+ []2− Ω Ca CO 3 phase = * Ksp ,phase Natural processes that could accelerate the ocean acidification of coastal waters Local Oceanography: coastal upwelling Metabolism Processes Regional Environ.
[Show full text]
Maritime Issues in the East and South China Seas
Maritime Issues in the East and South China Seas Summary of a Conference Held January 12–13, 2016 Volume Editors: Rafiq Dossani, Scott Warren Harold Contributing Authors: Michael S. Chase, Chun-i Chen, Tetsuo Kotani, Cheng-yi Lin, Chunhao Lou, Mira Rapp-Hooper, Yann-huei Song, Joanna Yu Taylor C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/CF358 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover image: Detailed look at Eastern China and Taiwan (Anton Balazh/Fotolia). Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Disputes over land features and maritime zones in the East China Sea and South China Sea have been growing in prominence over the past decade and could lead to serious conflict among the claimant countries.
[Show full text]
US-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas
U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress Updated September 8, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R42784 U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas Summary Over the past several years, the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of U.S.-China strategic competition. China’s actions in the SCS—including extensive island-building and base- construction activities at sites that it occupies in the Spratly Islands, as well as actions by its maritime forces to assert China’s claims against competing claims by regional neighbors such as the Philippines and Vietnam—have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is gaining effective control of the SCS, an area of strategic, political, and economic importance to the United States and its allies and partners. Actions by China’s maritime forces at the Japan- administered Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea (ECS) are another concern for U.S. observers. Chinese domination of China’s near-seas region—meaning the SCS and ECS, along with the Yellow Sea—could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere. Potential general U.S. goals for U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS and ECS include but are not necessarily limited to the following: fulfilling U.S. security commitments in the Western Pacific, including treaty commitments to Japan and the Philippines; maintaining and enhancing the U.S.-led security architecture in the Western Pacific, including U.S.
[Show full text]
Southeast Asia.Pdf
Standards SS7G9 The student will locate selected features in Southern and Eastern Asia. a. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map: Ganges River, Huang He (Yellow River), Indus River, Mekong River, Yangtze (Chang Jiang) River, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Gobi Desert, Taklimakan Desert, Himalayan Mountains, and Korean Peninsula. b. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map the countries of China, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Vietnam. Directions: Label the following countries on the political map of Asia. • China • North Korea • India • South Korea • Indonesia • Vietnam • Japan Directions: I. Draw and label the physical features listed below on the map of Asia. • Ganges River • Mekong River • Huang He (Yellow River) • Yangtze River • Indus River • Himalayan Mountains • Taklimakan Desert • Gobi Desert II. Label the following physical features on the map of Asia. • Bay of Bengal • Yellow Sea • Color the rivers DARK BLUE. • Color all other bodies of water LIGHT • Indian Ocean BLUE (or TEAL). • Sea of Japan • Color the deserts BROWN. • Korean Peninsula • Draw triangles for mountains and color • South China Sea them GREEN. • Color the peninsula RED. Directions: I. Draw and label the physical features listed below on the map of Asia. • Ganges River • Mekong River • Huang He (Yellow River) • Yangtze River • Indus River • Himalayan Mountains • Taklimakan Desert • Gobi Desert II. Label the following physical features on the map of Asia. • Bay of Bengal • Yellow Sea • Indian Ocean • Sea of Japan • Korean Peninsula • South China Sea • The Ganges River starts in the Himalayas and flows southeast through India and Bangladesh for more than 1,500 miles to the Indian Ocean.
[Show full text]