Desa Muara Jambi Sebagai Desa Wisata Berbasis Budaya Lokal 2009 – 2017

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Desa Muara Jambi Sebagai Desa Wisata Berbasis Budaya Lokal 2009 – 2017 Jurnal Istoria Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah E-ISSN 2597-8845 FKIP Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol. 4 No. 2. September 2020 DESA MUARA JAMBI SEBAGAI DESA WISATA BERBASIS BUDAYA LOKAL 2009 – 2017 *Desi Arisanty **Ulul Azmi Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP Universitas Batanghari Jambi Abstract This research is a historical research that translates rural history with the main problem is the development of Muaro Jambi Village as a Local Culture-Based Tourism Village in 2009-2017 as for the purpose of this thesis research is to explain the emergence and development of tourism in Muaro Jambi Village which in the end is Muaro Jambi Village. Being a Tourism Village, another destination explains the condition of the population, the utilization of the Tourism sector after Muaro Jambi Village becomes a Tourism Village. Some of the theories used are the Edward Inskeeptetang tourism village theory where a small group of tourists live in or near a traditional atmosphere. The research method is the historical method, through several stages, namely Heuristics (Village Office archives, interviews, and other written sources), criticism, interpretation and writing. The findings in the field show that Muaro Jambi Village, Muaro Sebo Sub-district, Muaro Jambi Regency is experiencing a development from an agricultural style to non-agricultural, this is marked by the development of Muaro Jambi Village into a Local culture- Based Tourism Village. Keywords: Tourism Village, Local Culture. Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan penelitiaan sejarah yang bertemahkan sejarah pedesaan dengan permasalhan pokoknya perkembangan Desa Muaro Jambi Sebagai Desa Wisata Berbasis Budaya Lokal tahun 2009- 2017 adapun tujuan dari penelitiaan skripsi ini untuk menjelaskan kemmuculan dan perkembangan pariwisata yang ada di Desa Muaro Jambi yang pada akhirnya Desa Muaro Jambi Menjadi Desa Wisata tujuan lain nya menjelaskan kondisi Penduduk ,pemanfaatan sektor Pariwisata setelah Desa Muaro Jambi Menjadi Desa Wisata. Beberapa Teori yang di gunakan adalah Teori Edward Inskeeptetang Desa Wisata dimana sekelompok kecil wisatawan tinggal dalam atau dekat dengan suasana tradisional. Untuk metode penelitiaanya adalah metode sejarah, melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu Heuristik (arsip Kantor Desa, Wawancara, dan Sumber tertulis lainya), Kritik, Interpretasi dan penulisan. Hasil temuan di Lapangan menujukan bahwa Desa Muaro Jambi Kecamatn Muaro Sebo, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Mengalami Perkembangan dari Corak agraris Menjadi non Agraris, hal tersebut ditandai dengan perkembngan Desa Muaro Jambi menjadi Desa Wisata Berbasis Budayh Lokal. Kata Kunci : Desa Wisata, Budaya Lokal A. PENDAHULUAN mengenai prospek pembangunan Sejarah pedesaan adalah sejarah yang pedesaan. Dari penelitian mikro secara khusus meneliti tentang desa atau mengenai desa tertentu dan dari pedesaan, masyarakat petani, dan penelitian makro mengenai pedesaan ekonomi pertanian dengan melihat pada umumnya dapat diperoleh perubahan dari sudut pandang sejarah. gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai Maka, sejarahwan kiranya akan kecenderungan perkembangan memberikan gambaran lebih lengkap masyarakat dalam jangka panjang 1 Jurnal Istoria Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah E-ISSN 2597-8845 FKIP Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol. 4 No. 2. September 2020 (Kuntowijoyo. 2003:74-75). Oleh sumber daya pendukungnya karenanya penelitian desa dalam sejarah (Wardiyanta. 2006:47). pedesaan dapat dimasukkan dalam Salah satu desa yang kini sudah beberapa satuan penelitian yaitu satuan menjadi desa wisata adalah Desa Muara ekosistem, geografis, ekonomis, dan Jambi yang secara administratif budaya. pemerintahan, wilayahnya termasuk Desa merupakan kesatuan dalam Kabupaten Muara Jambi. Desa masyarakat hukum yang memiliki batas ini menarik untuk diteliti sebagai kajian wilayah yang berwenang untuk sejarah pedesaan adalah karena telah mengatur dan mengurus kepentingan berhasilnya penduduk setempat dengan masyarakat setempat berdasarkan asal- dukungan pemda mengembangkannya usul dan adat istiadat yang diakui dan menjadi kawasan desa wisata seiring dihormati dalam sistem pemerintahan di dengan ditetapkannya Kawasan Indonesia. Setiap desa yang ada Percandian Candi Muara Jambi sebagai memiliki keunggulan sendiri, termasuk salah satu destinasi wisata. pada potensi alamnya. Hal ini tentunya Penduduk Desa Muara Jambi mampu akan sangat menguntungkan dalam menggerakkan sektor wisata yang bidang kepariwisataannya. Hal ini menggantikan corak agraris desa dikarenakan dengan potensi desa yang mereka pada periode sebelumnya. dimiliki maka akan menarik wisatawan Mereka membangkitkan potensi desa untuk berkunjung dan akan memberikan yang ada sebagai ikon wisata ke keutungan tersendiri bagi desa tersebut. depannya sehingga muncul berbagai Saat ini tempat wisata bukan hanya jenis wisata yang semuanya berbasis di kota besar saja melainkan juga di pada budaya lokal, mulai dari wisata kawasan pedesaan, karena di desa religi, wisata sejarah, wisata budaya, terdapat potensi alam dan buatan saat wisata kuliner, dan wisata alam. Semua ini sudah terlihat mengembangkan ciri dan sifat-sifat ketradisionalan yang wisatanya. Berkembangnya pariwisata ada di Desa Muaro Jambi mulai dari di desa akan mendatangka banyak tradisi, adat istiadat, hingga kebudayaan manfaat bagi penduduknya yaitu secara dijadikan kekuatan untuk menonjolkan ekonomis, sosial, dan budaya. Namun sektor wisata tersebut. jika pengembangannya tidak Pada tahun 2009 secara nasional dipersiapkan dan dikelola dengan baik, pemerintah pusat telah memberlakukan justru akan menimbulkan berbagai UU Kepariwisataan di Indonesia permasalahan yang merugikan khususnya untuk pengembangan sektor penduduknya. Untuk menjamin agar wisata di daerah termasuk di desa-desa pariwisata dapat berkembang dengan sehingga secara tidak langsung akan baik dan berkelanjutan serta mengurangi ketergantungan penduduk mendatangkan manfaat dan desa pada sektor pertanian. Hal meminimalisir dampak negatif yang demikian lambat laun akan terjadi suatu mungkin timbul maka pengembangan perubahan yang terjadi di berbagai desa pariwisata perlu didahului dengan di Indonesia, termasuklah di Jambi. kajian yang mendalam, yaitu dengan Dimana pada tahun 2017 Desa Muara melakukan penelitian terhadap semua Jambi mulai beralih menjadi desa 2 Jurnal Istoria Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah E-ISSN 2597-8845 FKIP Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol. 4 No. 2. September 2020 wisata berbasis budaya lokal terutama artefak/benda jika memang dibutuhkan. setelah ditetapkannya Kawasan Pada tahap kritik dengan melihat Percandian Candi Muara Jambi sebagai keaslian sumber berupa kritik ekstern salah satu destinasi wisata dunia yang (tampilan fisik) dan kredibilitas sumber terbuka secara umum bagi wisatawan berupa kritik intern (isi/kisah sejarah). sehingga pada akhirnya kehidupan Tahap interpretasi, melakukan analisa penduduk setempat terpusat dan untuk mendapatkan fakta-fakta sejarah tergantung pada sektor pariwisata, dari semua sumber yang telah dikritik bukan lagi pada sektor pertania. Hal tadi agar diperoleh keterkaitan antar demikian yang sangat menarik untuk fakta yang ada tersebut agar diketahui dilihat lebih jauh lagi mengenai Desa makna yang terkandung didalamnya. Muato Jambi sebagai desa wisata. Lalu tahap selanjutnya historiografi, Oleh sebab itu, pembahasan pokok dimana peneliti menuliskan dari hasil dalam tulisan ini berkaitan dengan Desa temuan dalam bentuk skripsi sejarah Muara Jambi dalam perkembangannya yang utuh sesuai dengan ketentuan menjadi desa wisata berbasis budaya penulisan karya sejarah yang ilmiah. lokal dan akibatnya bagi kehidupan C. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN penduduknya periode 2009-2017. Agar 1. Gambaran Umum Desa Muaro penelitian lebih terarah dirumuskan Jambi Kecamatan Muaro Sebo, permasalahan pokok yaitu mengapa Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Desa Muara Jambi dapat berkembang Kawasan Desa Muaro Jambi Secara menjadi desa wisata berbasis budaya Administartif berada diwilayah dan bagaimanakah penduduk Kecamatan Maro Sebo Kabupaten memanfaatkan sektor wisata setelah Muaro Jambi. Meskipun keberadaan desa mereka ditetapkan menjadi situs percandian di Muaro Jambi ada di kawasan wisata berbasis budaya lokal. wilayah 7 desa, yaitu Desa Baru, Desa B. METODE Dano Lamo, Desa Muaro Jambi, Desa Metode penelitian yang digunakan Kemingkin Luar, Kemiking Dalam, yakni metode penelitian sejarah yang Desa Teluk Jambu, dan Desa Dusun memiliki empat tahapan yang harus Mudo. Namun, wilayah percandiaan dilakukan peneliti yaitu heuristik, kritik, paling luas ada di Desa Muaro Jambi, interpretasi, dan historiografi sebuah desa yang mempunyai sejarah (Kuntowijoyo. 1995:95). dan menyimpan cerita unik bagi Pada tahap pertama, yang dilakukan masyarakatnya. Dari cerita rakyat yang peneliti adalah mencari dan berkembang nama desa Muaro Jambi mengumpulkan sumber-sumber berupa adalah sebuah nama dari anak sungai jejak-jejak sejarah mulai dari sumber Batanghari masyarakat menyebut tertulis (arsip, skripsi, buku, dan artikel bahwa Muara tersebut tempat publikasi di jurnal, koran, laporan pertemuaan sungai kecil (sungai Jambi) penelitian), sumber lisan berupa ke sungai besar (Batanghari) makanya wawancara (kepala desa, sekdes, tokoh di sebut dengan Muaro Jambi. Pada adat, penduduk desa, tokoh masyarakat, masa sekarang secara adminitratif tokoh pemuda, pelaku wisata, dan pemerintahan Desa Muaro Jambi wiatawan). Penggunaan sumber terbagi atas dua Dusun yaitu yang 3 Jurnal Istoria Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah E-ISSN 2597-8845 FKIP Universitas Batanghari Jambi Vol. 4 No. 2. September 2020 pertam Dusun Sungai Melayu yang masyarakat Muara
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