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The Measurement and Improvement of Fitness Post Stroke

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The Measurement and Improvement of Fitness Post Stroke The Measurement and Improvement of Fitness Post Stroke Ashlee Kate Dunn B ExSporSci (Hons) The University of Newcastle, Australia This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of: Doctorate of Philosophy (Human Physiology) The University of Newcastle, Australia October 2016 Statement of Originality The thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository**, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. **Unless an Embargo has been approved for a determined period. _________________________ Name: Ashlee Kate Dunn Date: ii Copyright permission I warrant that I have obtained, where necessary, permission from the copyright owners to use any third party copyright material reproduced in the thesis (e.g. questionnaires, artwork, unpublished letters), or to use any of my own published work (e.g. journal articles) in which the copyright is held by another party (e.g. publisher, co-author). _________________________ Name: Ashlee Kate Dunn Date: iii Statement of Collaboration I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis has been done in collaboration with other researchers. I have included as part of the thesis a statement clearly outlining the extent of collaboration, with whom and under what auspices. iv Statement of Authorship I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis contains a published paper/s/scholarly work of which I am a joint author. I have included as part of the thesis a written statement, endorsed by my supervisor, attesting to my contribution to the joint publication/s/scholarly work. _________________________ Name: Ashlee Kate Dunn Date: _________________________ Name: Prof Robin Callister Date: v Supervisors Primary Supervisor Professor Robin Callister (35%) Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle, Australia Co-supervisors Associate Professor Neil Spratt (30%) Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle, Australia Professor Paulette Van Vliet (35%) Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health School of Health Sciences Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle, Australia vi Publications, presentations and awards arising from this thesis This thesis includes a number of chapters that have been published or submitted for publication. To date, four have been accepted or published (Chapters 3, 4, 6, 7) and two have been submitted and are currently under review (Chapters 5, 8). I have also presented research arising from this thesis at numerous conferences, as well as University and Hunter New England Health events. Throughout my candidature, I have received a number of awards and scholarships. The details of the aforementioned publications, presentations and awards are listed below. Peer-reviewed Journal Articles: 1. A Dunn, DL Marsden, E Nugent, P Van Vliet, NJ Spratt, J Attia, R Callister. Protocol variations and six-minute walk test performance in stroke survivors: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2015, Article ID 484813 2. A Dunn, DL Marsden, P Van Vliet, NJ Sprat and R Callister. Independently ambulant, community dwelling stroke survivors have reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, mobility and knee strength compared to an age- and gender-matched cohort. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation (epub ahead of print) 3. A Dunn, DL Marsden, D Barker, P Van Vliet, NJ Spratt, R Callister. Evaluation of three measures of cardiorespiratory fitness in independently ambulant stroke survivors. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice (under review) 4. A Dunn, DL Marsden, P Van Vliet, NJ Sprat and R Callister. Maintenance of cardiorespiratory fitness and walking endurance improvements at 12 months follow-up of an individually tailored home and community-based exercise program for stroke survivors. Stroke Research and Treatment (under review) vii 5. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi and NJ Spratt. Characteristics of exercise training interventions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2013, 27 (9), p775-788. 6. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, P McElduff, CR Levi and NJ Spratt. A home- and community-based physical activity program can improve the cardiorespiratory fitness and walking capacity of stroke survivors. Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2016, 25 (10), p2386-2398 Conference Presentations: 1. A Dunn, DL Marsden, NJ Spratt, CR Levi, R Callister. Does knee strength affect walking speed, distance and fitness levels following stroke? Preliminary results from the “How Fit is the Stroke Survivor?” (HowFITSS?) trial. Stroke 2012, Sydney, Australia, 2012. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 7, Supp 1. Poster presentation 2. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. Assessing stroke survivors’ cardiorespiratory fitness - a comparison of four methods available in the clinical setting: preliminary results from the “How Fit is the Stroke Survivor?” (HowFITSS?) trial. Stroke 2012, Sydney, Australia, 2012. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 7, Supp 1. Oral presentation. 3. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness and oxygen consumption after stroke: a systematic review. Stroke 2012, Sydney, Australia, 2012. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 7, Supp 1. Oral presentation 4. DL Marsden, R Callister, A Dunn, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. How Fit is the Stroke viii Survivor? Assessing the fitness levels of stroke survivors by comparing 4 methods available in the clinical setting. The “HowFITSS?” trial. European Stroke Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 2012. Cerebrovascular Disease, Vol 33, Supp 2. Poster presentation 5. A Dunn, DL Marsden, NJ Spratt, P Van Vliet, R Callister. How has the 6 minute walk test been used in the stroke population? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Smart Strokes, Brisbane, Australia, 2013. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 8, Supp 2 Oral presentation. Award: Most Controversial abstract 6. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. Exercise training interventions that are aerobic or include an aerobic component can improve cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: A systematic review with meta-analysis. European Stroke Conference, London, United Kingdom, 2013. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Vol 35, Supp 3. Poster presentation 7. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke by using exercise interventions that are aerobic or include an aerobic component: A systematic review with meta- analysis. Smart Strokes, Brisbane, Australia, 2013. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 8, Supp 2. Oral presentation 8. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. Interventions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Stroke Society of Australia, Darwin, Australia, 2013. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 8. Supp 2. Oral presentation 9. A Dunn, DL Marsden, P Van Vliet, NJ Spratt, R Callister. How do the shuttle walk test and the upright cycle test compare as measures of cardiorespiratory ix fitness in stroke survivors? Be Active, Canberra, Australia, 2014. Supplement to Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Vol 13, e61. Oral presentation 10. A Dunn, DL Marsden, P Van Vliet, NJ Spratt, R Callister. How do the shuttle walk test and 6-minute walk test compare as measures of cardiorespiratory fitness in stroke survivors? Smart Strokes, Sydney, Australia, 2014. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 9, Supp 2. Oral presentation 11. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke via a progressive exercise test: A systematic review. European Stroke Conference, Nice, France, 2014. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Vol 37, Supp 1. Poster presentation 12. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. Cardiorespiratory fitness testing and training in stroke survivors: a comparison of peak oxygen consumption results from the upright cycle test, six minute walk test and circuit exercise stations. Smart Strokes, Sydney, Australia, 2014. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 9, Supp 1. Oral presentation 13. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, P McElduff, C Levi, NJ Spratt. Can independently ambulant stroke survivors exercise for thirty minutes at a moderate intensity? An observational study. Smart Strokes, Sydney, Australia, 2014. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 9, Supp 2. Oral presentation 14. DL Marsden, A Dunn, R Callister, P McElduff, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. An individualised program to increase physical activity in dwelling stroke survivors can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and six minute walk test distance: a pilot controlled trial. Smart Strokes, Melbourne, 2015. International Journal of Stroke, Vol 10. Oral presentation x 15. DL Marsden, A Dunn, A Bawden, R Callister, J Marquez, CR Levi, NJ Spratt. The associations of post-stroke fatigue
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