378.764 G492m

L'.!JARV II R ; ·iiAYLO. Oif.IGI and I. VI &.M R~CAII R U.'irB

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor M ary H ardz"n ... B aylor C ollege

B EL TON. TEXAS

and Latz"n A1nerzcan Relattons •

Gf summary of rbe concributions made by Mary Hardin-Baylor College in the field of Latin American Relations, with emphasis upon the service of graduates and former students who have been giving reality to "Good Neighbor" ideals since 1881.

" A Man that hath friends must show himself friendly." Proverbs 18:2 4

Compiled by Dorothea Lohoff Gingrich ,... 1944 lOWNSEND MEMORIAL UBRARY INMi:RSJTY OF MARY HARDIN-BAYLOR Courtesy of TownsendSPECIAL Memorial Library, COLLECTIONS University of Mary Hardin-Baylor G ood N ezghbors

In the past few years enough books and pamphlets h ave been written and p ublished on the subject of Latin American and Inter­ American relations to fill a good-sized library. There has been tremendous emphasis placed upon something c:tlled a " Good Neighbor'' policy. and the study of the native languages of these Latin American neighbors bas become extremely popular.

The premise that the present conflict alone is responsible for greater interest in our neighbors is unfai r. for a good neighbor policy bas been pursued for many years by various N orth American groups, including Mary Hardin-Baylor College. although such poli cy has been unaccompanied by the fan-fare of our present-day attemplS at making friends.

Actually the Pan America n Union itself is now fifty-four years old. This is an international organization created and main tained by tbe twenty-one America n Republics. Established in 18 90. its purpose is to promote peace. commerce. and friendship among the Republics of the American Continent by fostering construc tive cooperation among them.

In 1931. April 14 was officially proclaimed Pan American Day. and each year since t he voices of eminen t statesmen of the Americas have stressed again and again the ideals of inter-American friendship and mutual inter-change and helpfulness. On last April 14. in 1944. additional emphasis was placed on the importance of women's co­ operation by the Inter-American Commission of Women. the official organ ization created in 1928. Senora Elena Mederos de Gonzalez, chairman of the Commission and delegate from Cuba. said. " The possibilities of the Commission are infinite. if we consider the power women represent as a social force."

Mary H ardin-Bay lor. a woman 's college, long ago sensed the power of women. a nd b as been conscious of the contributions her daughters have made through the years in the field of Latin American re lations.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Since the founding in 1845 under the Republic of Texas, Mary I J,Hdin-Baylor has been first of all an insticution of service serving 1 he st.tre. the nation, and the world. Today, Mary Hardin-Baylor m.lkc .~ .1 claim in the special field of service in Latin American rela­ ti ons, tbring the fi rst contribution in this field back to 1881. nine yc.Hs hcfot'C the Pan American Union came into being. Since that 1im c M.Hy l I.mlin-B.1ylor has been giving reality to " Good N,·iRhhot" idl'.tls.

Om• c/i,,ting(liNhl•d diplomat remarked recently that the work clom• in Soul h Amcrirtt by Nntt h American missionaries had accom­ plishlul m nrl' tOtVItrd £•11tablishing good will and in furthering the .Good Nt>ighbor policy. than any other one thing. It is in the light o f such a statement that Mary Hardin-Baylor makes its most im­ portant claim to a part in the building up of good will with the South American nations, for: in /8 8 I a M ar:y H arc/in-Baylor: grad­ uate, Anne Luther Bagby, w ent to South America as the first Protestant woman missionary. Since that time three generations of her: family have studied at this college and have returned to South America to mission work. Two more third' generation members of the family are now in college here, prepar.ing themselves for mission work in South America. All in all, twenty-eight Mary Hardin-Baylor daughters have gone into foreign mission work in Mexico and in Central and Sottth America. The college also has known of at least sixteen graduates and former students who have gone into those nations as teachers, and who as teachers have had much to do in molding public opinion and in establishing good will between the Americas.

The college also has rec ognized an important fact-that the one sure way to defeat a desire for friendship is simply to announce that friendship, without realizing that the fundamental concept of any friendship is a regard and respect which grows out of helpful acts and a friendly associatiQn. To be a friend, one must act like a friend. and that at least means some familiarity with a friend's native language, some knowledge a-nd understanding of his interests, his problems, his cultures and his customs. and an appreciation of his individual characteristics.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,( 4) . University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Reasoning thus. our college has made a real effort to know our valuable neighbors. The college has encouraged a v icarious experience of history by travel. through sponsoring annual trips into Mexico. In addition to these trips. the Spanish department has sponsored a series of activities throughour the years. because of an incense interest in our friend and neighbors. and the desire to give the entire student body more information about the customs. the cul ture and history of these peoples.

No one will dispute the fa ct that Inler-America n unity bas been strengthened as the Americas have come co understand one another and to have crust and confidence in one another's purposes, and as they have come to work together cooperatively. That M ary Hardin­ Baylor daughters from 1881 until the present have had a part in contributing to chis understanding. and in nurturing much of the trust and confidence which have grown up is a fact to which the college points with pride.

It is true that in the past most of the North American efforts in South America have been limited to governments. with results like­ wise limited. Dr. Fernando Carbajal. native of Lima, Peru. and fo rmer president of Rotary International. has said that "if we are to hope that neighborliness may become a reality. that continental solidarity may be effected and that the ideals wh ich have inspired each may not be the patrimony only of certain official and intellectual members of the elite. it will be necessary that the P an-American ideas reach the masses .. ."

It is with these " masses" that Mary Hardin-Baylor missionary daughters have rendered the greatest service. In the follow ing pages Mary Hardin-Baylor presents its program of Latin American relations w hich has been carried on through the years. with no premeditated attempts at merely promoting friendliness, but rather a program which has evolved through the desire upon the part of the college and those daughters who have studied here to become better acquaint­ ed with our neighbors and to extend a hand of fellowship "across the border" .

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(5) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor l nstde Lat£n A merz"ca

Missi01ts

Siner 1881 there have been Mary Hardin-Baylor College daugh­ ter\ in Mrxico .u1d Central and South America carrying on work in the j:trt'.ll frdd of Mi ~s ions . Fourteen have gone to Brazil. four to Aq(•'ntrn.t, tim••• to Cub.1 . and seven to Mexico. One of these d.HrRhH·r~. M.ui.w Willi\. Ius written that she is to be one of three who will h.we chc opporcunity of going into Paraguay as soon as llw mi ~~io n field · ~ oprnrd to Baptist~ there.

While one c.lnnot •Rnore the controversial discussions which have appe.ued in current papers and magazine~ concerning the receptiveness of Latin American countries to Protestant missionaries from North America. the fact remains that any religious belief is essential in the relations of all groups. There also seems adequate argument in favor of the practice. for in a recent article. "Are Protestant Missions an Obstacle to the Good Neighbor Policy?". the following statement was made by George P. Howard :

" In hundreds of interviews (during a trip through South America) I was ab le to discover that the best thought in Latin America ridicules any such idea. Dr. Casal Castel. a prominent Argen­ tine educ 01 tor and the leading Roman Catholic writer of that country. says in a written statement which be gave me: 'I consider that the presence of Protestant missionaries and teachers who have come from the United States to my country, is the most effective expression of Good Neighborliness. It is tbe spintual expression of American solidarity. When America shall have done away with all "spiritual tariff walls" on that day the dream that we have had for the new world will have been fulfilled.' ''

Mr. Howard also quoted Dr. Ghioldi. writer. educator and editor of an important Buenos Aires daily. and a recent delegate from the Argentine Government to the U. S. to study educational problems. who wrote him as follows: Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor (6) "The work accomplished by British and American missionaries has never created difficulties. nor stirred up trouble. Its very variety - preaching, service in the interest of human welfare. a high type of recreational ac tivity and sense of human solidarity-all are looked upon with great sympathy by those of us who see in religion a force chat tends to draw men together ... the attitude of those who h ave questioned the value and legitimacy of Protestant missions reveals the fact that they are out of step with the times. Is not the world today struggling for religious freedom ? H:~ s not the world discovered with horror the consequence's of re ligious totali tarianism?"

President Daniel L. M arsh. president of Boston University. 1n addressing the Institute of )nter-America n Affairs in 1943. said that ' 'religion is another thing Lh aL can both bind and separate the peoples of this hemisphere ... reli gion is the deepest, most natural. most ineradicable part of human nature. Religion unites. and must unite, the peoples of chis hemisphere."

Speaking at the same Institute. Jorge P. Howard. native Argen­ tinian, who had served as official interpreter at the Pan American conference at Montevideo in I 93 3. made the equally pertinent state­ ment that "good neighborly relations are possible only when neigh­ bors stand on common moral ground. True friendship is an affair of the soul. A religious faith is a necessary prelude to economics. political or military accords. Treaties have no lasting sanction except in the domain of conscience, and conscience must be made the mouth­ piece of God. Law which ignores God lacks a real frame of reference."

T hree G enerations of Mary H ardin-B aylor D aug!tters i11 S outh A merica

Pioneering in the f ield of missions in South America was Anne Luther Bagby, Mary Hardin-Baylor graduate of 1879, and daughter of Dr. John Hill Luther, one-time president of the college. Mrs. Bagby was the first protestant woman missionary to be sent to South America, and for sixty-one years she served in Brazil. From the first five Baptist converts during the first year she and her husband. Dr.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,( 7 ) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Anne Luther Bagby Ermine Bagby Sowell

Allee Bagby Smith Helen Bagby Harrison Anne Sowell Margrett Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor W. B. Bagby. spent in Brazil. the number grew to more than 65.000 Baptists in Brazil with 800 Baptist churches and 125 missionaries at the time of h er death, December 24. 1942. In addition. she lived to see colleges and schools as well as publishing houses grow up as a result of the work inaugurated by her and her husband.

THE MARY HARDIN BAYI OR OP BRAZIL

Anne Luther Bagby he.1ded the Collegio Progresso Brazileiro. a standard high school. the equal of an eleven grade sch ool in the United States. for twenty ye.H~. Thts school. locared in Sao Paulo. Brazil. and called "The Baylor College of the Southern Cross". so named in honor of Mrs. Bagby by tts supporters. w.1s truly the be­ gining of evangelical schools in South Americ.1 for girls. Ic was fou nded in 1895. and Anne Luther B.1gby purchased it in 1900 .1nd saw it climb to success and finally become the property of the Southern Baptist Convention.

In writing about the school tn 1925. Mrs. Bagby's daughrer. Helen. now Mrs. W. C. H;urison. said that there were fourceen different nationalities in attendance and five languages were being taught. About 400 boarding students were enrolled then.

Collegio Baptista

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(9) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor That the name of the school was justified is noted in the number of former Mary Hardin-Baylor daughters who have been connected with the school. Dean of the college was Anne Luther Bagby. Associated with her at various times were her three daughters. H elen. Alice and Ermine. all Mary Hardin-Baylor daughters. and all missionaries. Other Mary Hardin-Baylor daughters who have been associated with that school include Miss Olga Strehlneek; Mrs. Mar­ jorie Taylo~ Stanton, Mrs. Paul C. Porter, Mrs. Bertha Mills Petti­ grew, Mrs. Minnie Thomas Stegall, Miss Adelia Mattar, Miss Stella Thatcher. Miss Estella Ginsburg and Miss Henrietta Ginsburg.

Mrs. Harrison wrote in 1925 of translating many of the North American Mary Hardin-Baylor college songs into Portuguese so that the students there ·might enjoy them too. Certainly this was giving the young people of Brazil an intimate acquaintance with their North American sisters through the medium of college songs.

Since much of Mrs. Bagby's work dealt with the education of the women of Brazil. and was carried on in one of Brazil's major cities. Sao Paulo. one makes no rash assertion in assuming that Latin American relations have been gready furthered through the work of this one woman alone.

Her daughters have carried on. Ermine Bagby Sowell (Mrs. S. M. ) worked with her parents in the Sao Paulo school after her grad­ uation from Mary H ardin-Baylor in 1903. After her marriage she and her husband opened up the Baptist mission work in Argentina. pioneering there as the Bagbys had done in Brazil. Before her death in 1939, Mrs. Sowell saw the number of Baptists in Argentina in­ crease to 50,000, and the four small churches that three years after her arrival formed the River Platt Convention in Argentina, in.crease to eighty churches with some 6,000 members. For years Mrs. Sowell was in charge of "Ciudadela", an out station. She was an excellent interpreter. translating English to Spanish. and writing in both languages easily and well. For the thirty-five years she served as a missionary in Argentina she was a teacher in the Baptist Theological

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,( 10) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Seminary in Buenos Aires. As a result of her interest. love and prayers, joined with those of her fellow missionary women. the T raining School in Buenos Aires and the Bible Institute in Rosario have come to be realities.

Today, the Bible Training School for Women tn Rosario is in charge of Mrs. Sowell's daughter, A nne Sowell Margrett (Mrs. Herbert). Mrs. Margrett, a granddaughter of Anne Luther Bagby, received her degree from Mary Hardin-Baylor in 1940, and returned at once to the Mission field. All classes at this peparatory school for seminary work, are conducted in Spanish. In a recent letter to friends at Mary Hardin-Baylor. Mrs. Margrett pointed out that her small daughter, Doreen. who represents the fourth generation of the Bagby family. is already teaching a Sunday School class at the age of eight years.

Another daughter of Anne Luther Bagby. Helen B,1gby Harrison (Mrs. W. C. ) , who was graduated in 1921 from Mary Hardin­ Baylor, is doing mission work in North Brazil. A third daughter, Alice Bagby Smith. (Mrs. Harley) and her husband, founded the Baptist school at Porto A legre. Brazil. in 1926. There were 267 students enrolled the first year. In 193 2 this school was the official typewriting school of the wealthiest firm in Rio G~ande de Sui. Mrs. Smith reported.

In writing about the Porto Alegre school in 193 2, Mrs. Smith said: " There is scarcely a government department in the city that is not served by our students. Lawyers, doctors, engineers, bankers of some four or five banks in the city, public school directors and teachers. as well as men and women in all lines' of business come to us for instruction in our many and varied departments: The English department, which was begun to support the school financially has become the greatest instrument in the hands of God in the accomplish­ ment of the one thing for which the school was founded, the winning of souls. "

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(ll) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Missio11fwy H onor R oll

The following is the known list of Mary Hardin-Baylor daugh­ ters who have gone as missionaries to our neighbors "to the South":

Name Field Anne Luther Bagby (Mrs. W . B.) • . Sao Paulo, Brazil Effie Chastain Cuba Katherine Tomlinson Cooper (Mrs. W. L.) Buenos Aires, Argentina Minnie Saureman Cotton ( Mrs. Scott)* . El Christo, Cuba Rosa Golden Embry (Mrs. W. H. ) Mexico Ina Johnso n Gregory ( Mrs. E. J. ) Sonora. Mexico Helen Bagby Harrison ( Mrs. W. C. ) Porto Alegre. Brazil Ruby Burton H ines Maceio, Brazil Margaret Howell Santiago and Guatanamo. Cuba Bertha Lee Hunt Bahia, Brazil Sallie Johnson Key (Mrs. George) Brazil Annie Long* . Morelia, Mexico Anne Sowell Margrett (Mrs. Herbert) Rosario, Argentina Adelia Mattar . Sao Paulo, Brazil Zula .Sibley Meadows (Mrs. F. L.) Pueblo. Mexico Elizabeth Deter Oliver (Mrs. A. B.) Curitiba, Brazil Bertha Mills Pettigrew (Mrs. R. E.)* Porto Alegre, Brazil Margaret Johnson Porter (Mrs. Paul) Campinas and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jewell Starr Reid (Mrs. 0. W.) * . Mexico City, Mexico Mamie Robinson . Nuevo Laredo, Mexico Alice Annz Bagby Smith (Mrs. Harley ) Porto Alegre. Brazil Ermine Bagby Sowell (Mrs. S. M .) * Buenos Aires, Argentina Marjorie T~ ylor Stanton (Mrs. R. B.) Sao Paulo, Brazil Mary Lo :.~ i se Shannon Stapp (Mrs. C. F.)* Garanhuns, and Campina Grande, Brazil Alice Armstrong Stover (Mrs. S. S.) Manaos. Brazil Caroline Smith T aylor (Mrs. F. W.) J aquaquara, Brazil M rs. Paulo Barracio Tooms* Montemoreles. Mexico Sadie Miriam Willis Buenos Aires. Argentina * Deceased Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor (12) Mary Hardin-Baylor Missionaries to Latin America

MEXICO

MANAOS •

8 * R A ZIL CAMPINA GRANDE *•I JAQUAQUARA *•GARANHUNS ; *MACEIO BAHIA *

* on map ind icates number of Mary Hardin­ Baylor daughters w ho have served, or are serving in the locations indicated. T he place of service of one ot the seven missionaries to Mexico, and of the three to Cuba, is not indicat ed.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor £ ducatzon

In the fostering of friendly rel ations between countries. education is. of course, most important. A knowledge of the language is essen­ tial. since it is the only means by which one may communicate witb one's neighbors. and rhus ex change information and thoughts that lay the foundatio ns for a becter u nderstanding. Certainly the fi eld of missions is indirectly tied up with the education o f the people wherever missionaries work. and it would be d iffi~ult to d raw rhe line between mission work and teaching. While Mary Hardin-B.1y lor has produced many daughters who have chosen the mission fi eld. rh,. re have been man y other daughters who have selec ted the field of reaching only. M any of these have taught in Mission schools. while others have taught in institutions of other types in the Latin-American nations. The thousands of young people who have come to kno w North America more intimately through these young women of course cannot be estimated. Miss O lga Strehlneek. who came to M ary Hard in-Baylor from Sao Paulo, Brazil. and who after her graduation in 1924. returned to B.razil to teach. has won particular distin ction for herself. In 19 3 9 she was a warded the $ 15 0 0 Latin American Fellow ship given by the American Association of University Women. and took her M. A. degree at Columbia University in psychology. She was teach­ ing in the psychological laboratory of the Institute of Education of the University of Sao Paulo. the only school in Brazil that trained teachers for secondary schools at that time. In staring her reason for wish­ ing to do research study in the United States. she said : " There is not a single institution in th is country where one can do advanced work in psychology . .. we are greatly under E uropean in­ fluence. W e have many Italian. F rench and German teachers in our civilization. W e need the influence of the North Americans." At the present time. another M ary Hardin-Baylor g radua te. Miss Gloria Lozano. is teaching in the America n Foundation School in M exico City, and a former stu­ dent. Ruth Randall, taught there in 1929. and now has a private Olga Strehlneek school of her own in Mexico City.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(14) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Hono1/ Roll of T eachers

Mary Hardin ~ Baylor College files indicate that the following graduates and former students h ave done teaching work in Mexico, in Central and in South America. This list is by no means complete, since out of the 3 5, 000 young women who have attended this institu~ cion. it is impossible to keep an acc urate record of what each does after leaving the school.

Name Place Approximate Year Catherine Butte (Mrs. Perry Jones)** Pueto Rico Christina Christi** Brazil 1929 Amelia Dobel Brazil 1931 Wanda Gilewicz (Mrs. Cecil Snyder)** Puerto Rico Estella Ginsburg (Dr. St~ayer) ** Sao Paulo, Brazil 1924 Henrietta Ginsburg (Mrs. K. Chamberlain) * * . Sao Paulo. Brazil 1924 Allie Vida LeSueur* * Mexico 1927 Anita LeSueur** Mexico 1927 Gloria Lozano Mexico City, Mexico 1928 Eva Miller** Sao Paulo. Brazil Mary Esther Moore (Mrs. A. H. Nelson) Porto. Alegre, Brazil 1935 Roberta Pettigrew Brazil 1933 Ruth Randall Mexico City, Mexico 1929 Mrs. Minnie Thomas Stegall Sao Paulo, Brazil Olga Strehlneek Sao Paulo. Brazil 1924 Stella Thatcher Sao Paulo, Brazil

** These individuals were former teachers, but have since retnrned to this country or have married, available information indicates.

05) Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Tt•trcllers from Mary Hardin-Baylor ·to Latitz America!

I PUERTO RICO 1 @J **

BRAZIL ****

*on may shows number of graduates and fGrmer students of Mary Hardin· Baylor known to have gone to the various Latin American countries as teachers.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(16) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Trips to Mexzco

Through the years, it has been the custom of Mary Hardin­ Baylor to present definite programs concerning our Latin American neighbors, and to sponsor annual trips for students into Mexico in order that they may study their neighbors and their neighbor's customs at first hand. Through a program of study in the Depart­ ment ?f Spanish at the college. information about. and understand­ ing of these neighbors also is emphasized. Since 1935 the Spanish department has sponsored an annual trip to Monterrey and Saltillo. Mexico. during the Easter holidays at the college. Such trips included visits to thc Mexican market places. hospitals. embassies, monasteries, factories. parks, homes. churches, historical locations, and scenic points of interest. The tours were so arranged as to give the students an opponunity to study the customs of the people, their religion, their industries. and their social and economic problems at close range. The group liv ~?d in typical Mexican hotels and homes, eating Mexican food, and taking part in typical activities. In conducting the annual trips it was felt that students could bewme better acquainted with the Mexican people and their customs only through direct contact with them; that interest in the native language of our friends across the border would be stimulated, providing a better means of arriving at an understanding of these people; and that a better attitude toward our neighbors would be

M. H.-B. Students in Monterrey with N ative Guides

(17) Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor tlrvdoprd after students had first-hand contact with them. That the 111ps achieved much of this bas been evidenced in the remarks of those who took such trips. One recent graduate. Miss Rosemary Woodard of New Orleans. who has gone into a comparatively new field of work for women. that of exports going chiefly to Central and South America and the West Indies, has found that there are many Spanish-speaking people in this field. She says. "my trips to Monterrey w ith the group from the college gave me my first understanding of our Latin American neighbors. I had studied a lot about them and even knew some of them in school. but as always first band experience is the best. I know my relations with Spanish speaking people here have been m uch more pleasant and interesting because. I understand their language and their temperament." As Dr. Margaret Kidder. head of the Spanish departmenr says. "those who had studied Spanish were thrilled to be able to read the signs and m speak with the people in Mexico. Those who had not studied the language. wished that they had, and many did take it up the following year. The students realize after such a trip that ou r Mexica n n eighbors are much like us." In addition to the regularly sponsored student trips into Mexico. Miss Elizabeth Q. Alexander. member of the Spanish faculty. al:o has taken a number of summer trips there, both for travel and for study at the University of Mexico. She has taken with her, on numerous occasions. members of the facu lty and college students for o rganized' trips throughout the country.

M . H.-B. Students in Mexico During E aster T rip ( 18) Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor C a11fj;us I nter-A n-zerzcan R elatzons

In addition to sponsoring tbe annual EastH trip to M exico. tbe Department of Spanish at the College bas done much to promote understandin g of our Latin American neighbors through other activ­ ities. For more than twenly years the annual Spanish play bas been produced by studrnts in Lhc departmenl. the entire play being given in the Spanish language. with an English resume of the play being furnished the audience. Shorr plays ,Ire presented at the Spanish club. All of the plays are g iven to acquaint Lhe students with the customs and manners in a more graphic manner tb.1n through mere reading of tbe plays.

Campus Fiesta Costume

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(1!1 I University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Students Use Latin American Theme in Decorating Room at M ary H ardin-Baylor

Since Pan America n Day was first proclaimed in 193 1. a program has been presen ted annually by the Spanish deparrmenl before the entire student body. In this connection several radio broadcasts. sponsored by the college. have been devoted to the subject of Pan Americanism. At various rimes Spanish movies have been presented at the local theater under the sponsorship of the college Spanish division. and students in the Spanish department have frequently visited high schools in the locali ty of the college to present special programs with Latin American themes. A decla mation contest in Spanish is also sponsored annuall y. in which there are divisions for first year. second year and advanced studen ts, and for swdents who speak Spanish as their native language. There have always been a number of the latter enrolled. as many students come to the college (rom Mexico and from the countries of South America. To present further the music. customs. dress and products of our neighbors a cross the border. a Spanish fiesta was presented for the first time in 194 1 at the college. These fiestas. usually held each year. are open to the public. and L ari n American music is feacured with Spanish and M exican souvenirs on display. and a L atin American atmosphere prevailing. Movies and slides of M exico are shown. bring­ ing the country v ividly. before the eyes of Mary H ardin-Baylor stu-

( 20) Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Spanish Club Programs Feature Latin American Customs and Costumes dents. These fiestas also have done much to create interest in Latin America by informing students about the people there. Studenrs in rhe department also take pare in numerous extra­ curricular activities designed to give them a better understanding of our neighbors. At various rimes these students have sung Christmas carols in Spanish for the Mexican families living in Belton. a nd they have given an annual Christmas parry for the children from the Mexican Mission. For the past severaf years Dr. Kidder and several students have taken an active part in the programs of the local Mexican Mission. Recognition of the interest in Latin American relations came to the Spanish Department of Mary Hardin-Baylor in 1937 when Dr. Ina Hill Brinkmeier. then head of the department. was one of three women invited to speak at the panel discussion at the Pan American Relations conference of the Inter-American c~nter of the Pan American Union in Washington. D. C. At this meeting educators. statesman and representatives of business interests were present.

Further promotion of the good neighbor policy has been evi­ denced in the frequent invitations extended to outstanding lecturers in the field of Inter-American relations to visit the campus. Sucb lectures are open to the public.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(21) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor G raduates P romote G ood W £11

Among Mary H ardin-Baylor graduates and former students, there are many who have done outstanding work in the field of Latin American re lations in this country. through study. writing. leclU rcs. and mission work among the Latin American people in the United Stares. Most r ecent to receive recognition is Cleo Dawson, diploma graduate of 1920. author of "She Came to the V alley". Richard A. Cordell, writing in the Saturday Review of Literature ca lls it " a good­ neighbor novel'' , saying further "the author knows the Mexicans well, a nd writes of their kindness and loyalty with affections as well as authority.'' Miss Dawson has traveled in M exico, Central and South America and has a good command of the language. H enrietra Ginsburg Chamberlain (Mrs. Kenneth), who now lives in New York City, returned to Brazil to teach following her gradua­ tion from M ary Hardin-Baylor in 1924. She later went to New York as Portuguese editor of the M agazine " Importer's Guide". and since her marriage bas lec tured on Brazil and has taught Portuguese. Following her pre­ sentation of a paper urging the New York Board of Education to teach Portuguese in public schools along with Spanish and French. her suggestion was acce pted and classes in Portu­ guese started in the New York high schools. She also bas worked for the Brazilian in­ formation bureau, editing their magazine " Brazil Today.'' Recently Simon and Schuster published her book " Invita­ tion to Portuguese" and Mac­ millan will soon publish her translation of a Brazilian Cleo Dawson novel " lnoce ncia" . Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor (22) Mrs. Frances Ravellecte van de Purte, Mary H ar­ din-Baylor gradu­ ate. who lived for three years in Ar­ gentina and who traveled extensive­ ly in South Amer­ ica, has been giving lectures on Larin American music since her return to the United States. Frances Ravellette van de Putte and has done much to acquaint many audiences with the music of our neighbors.

Miss Christina Christi, who came to Mary Hardin-Baylor as a student from Brazil. where her parents were missionaries, and who returned to teach in the Mission schools there, is another Mary Hardin-Baylor daughter to ac hieve distinction in the field of Latin American interests. She received the Master Arts degree in Latin American studies from the University of Texas in 19 41, being among the first students to receive this degree in the new division after its inauguration at the University. While teaching in Brazil she did special research in Brazilian music and Brazilian dialects. For a time she worked with the Portuguese Edition of Readers' Digest and then became a member of the Department of Foreign Languages at the University of Texas, teaching Portuguese and Spanish. In Sep tember, 1944, she became teacher of Portuguese and Spanish at Rad ford Girls School in El Paso. Her article on "The African Influence in the Brazilian Portuguese Language and Literature .. was published in . the October, 194 3. issue of Hispania. With her background of study and experience in both North anrl South America, Miss Christi has much to bring to the field of teaching that undoubtedly gives students of both nations a better understanding of the Americas.

(2~) Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor • In the field of Home Mission work among the Latin American people in the United States. Mary Hardin-Baylor has had numerous former students and alumnae. However. the names of only a few have been recorded through the years. These include Tennie Ellie Bowden (Mrs. H. H. ) . Miss Gloria Ruiz. Effie Satterwhite Henry (Mrs. C. A. ). Bertie Anderson Seibenmann (Mrs. Paul J. ) , M rs. Nannie Finley Weathered. Austre Cavazos, and Francisca Chapoy.

W orkshop C ourses

One of the .important offerings at Mary Hardin-Baylor relative to tbe cause of Inter-American relations is the Workshop course given during the summer session. This course was given for the first time in 1942. Mary Hardin-Baylor being among the first colleges to give such a course. Teachers who return for summer study find in this course information and enlightenment about the other Americas. and the course tends to stimulate good will among the Americas. Miss Elizabeth Q. Alexa nder. alumna of the college. and mem­ ber of the facu lty. who is in charge of these courses, says ''it is equal­ ly important to gee the 'spirit' of Inter-American relations as it is to get any other part of teaching Spanish." In addition to these Workshop courses which have been given at Mary Hardin-Baylor, there has been among the regu lar Spanish courses offered during the regular term a course which considers South American Commercial Relations with commercial correspon­ dence stressed. A course in Latin American history is included in the course of study available in the History department. Because of the importance of a knowledge of the Spanish langu­ age as an aid to understanding our neighbors. several non-credit classes in conversational Spanish have been offered at the college which have been open to the public without cost. A class for illiterate Latin Americans living in the local com­ munity also has been conducted by one of the college Spanish teach­ ers. in which these people were taught to read and write in their native language. Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(24) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Graduate Study a1zd T eachz'ng

That Mary Hardin-Baylor's wide interest in Latin American relations has borne fruit, has been illustrated in the foregoing pages. It is also interesting to note chat many of her graduates have gone on to do graduate study, earning their M. A. degrees through ad­ vanced study and research in the language. culture and literature of Latin America.

At the present time a large number of the graduates of this college are engaged in teaching Spanish in grade, high schools, and in colleges in both Texas and other states. in addition to those who have been mentioned as going into the Latin American nations to teach.

At least three are known to have studied at the University of Mexico, one caking her M. A. degree from that institution.

A Spanish Class and Two Members of Spanish Deportment Faculty

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(25) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor S tudents fr071Z the O ther Americas

Going back co the original conception of a truly " Good Neigh­ bor" policy, that of simply being a real friend, one hesitates to attempt an evaluation of the effect upon Inter-American relations which has been made by the hundred or more young women who

Po•esidel'lt Gordo11 G. Sll'l(l:eton G r eets Two Students from Chile have come to study at Mary Hardin-Baylor College from homes m Mexico and Central and South America. Their contributions to their native lands when they return. is a tribute to Mary Hardin­ Baylor as a Christian college which has always stood for the highest ideals in individual. national and Inter-American relations.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library,(26) University of Mary Hardin-Baylor The contributions made by the known Latin American students who have come co srudy at Mary Hardin-Baylor since the 1890's. give this college another claim to a very real part in the building of good will between the nations.

Two Sisters from Brazil Arrive 3t Mary Hardin .Baylor. accom. panied by Father

In the past few years much emphasis has been placed upon the need for the exchange of both students and professors between the North and South American continents, many outstanding educators of North America feeling that the intellectually ambitious of South America have too long looked to Europe as the acme of higher education. While Mary Hardin-Baylor has never sponsored any exchange programs, there has been a narural exchange of students throughout the years.

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Mary Hardiu-Baylor Studeufs from Latin America

•0 ~CUBA ._, _<'VI

c BRAZILe

*on map shows approximate local ities from which students have come. Figures indicate known number of students from these countrlea. Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor (28) Interchange o.f Ideas Buzlds Good Will

Truly there has been a constant inter-change of ideas between the Americas just through the constant flow of students who have gone from this college to the Latin American countries, and those who have come here from those nations.

Recently Nelson Rockefeller, coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, spoke warmly of the identity of hopes and aspirations of freedom-loving peoples which has brought the Republics of the New World together in a cooperation that "stands alone today, a shining ray of hope in a war-battered world" .

Mary Hardin-Baylor College likes to fee l that her daughters have had no small part in fostering good-will between the Americas ; that they have given one small portion of light to that "shining ray of hope" ; and that they have strengthened the common tie which will bind the Americas together for all time.

Mary Hardin-Baylor College will celebrate from February 1, I 9 4 5, through the summer com­ mencement, the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of the college under the Republic of Texas. Would you like to have a part in the projection of the great service of this historic college by making a Centennial Gift to the en­ dowment of the college, or to some special phase of work done at Mary Hardin-Baylor?

AN ENDOWED MARY HARDIN-BAYLOR ENDOWS THE WORLD

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor (29) ~ ~ !ln ehri.sl there is ruJ [asl or Ofesl, !Jn 3£im no South or cNorth; J3ut one 9real feLlowship of love CC/zrou9houl tke wkofe wide earth. ~ ~

Courtesy of Townsend Memorial Library, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor