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Influence of Environmental Factors on Shot Put and Hammer Throw Range
Journal of Biomechanics 35 (2002) 785–796 Influence of environmental factors on shot put and hammer throw range Ferenc Mizera, Gabor! Horvath*! Department of Biological Physics, Eotv. os. University, Pazm! any! set! any! 1, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary Accepted5 February 2002 Abstract On the rotating Earth, in addition to the Newtonian gravitational force, two additional relevant inertial forces are induced, the centrifugal andCoriolis forces. Using computer modellingfor typical release heights andoptimal release angles, we compare the influence of Earth rotation on the range of the male hammer throw andshot put with that of air resistance, wind,air pressure and temperature, altitude and ground obliquity. Practical correction maps are presented, by which the ranges achieved at different latitudes and/or with different release directions can be corrected by a term involving the effect of Earth rotation. Our main conclusion andsuggestion is that the normal variations of certain environmental factors can be substantially larger than the smallest increases in the world records as acknowledged by the International Amateur Athletic Federation and, therefore, perhaps these should be accounted for in a normalization and adjustment of the world records to some reference conditions. Although this suggestion has certainly been made before, the comprehensiveness of our study makes it even more compelling. Our numerical calculations contribute to the comprehensive understanding and tabulation of these effects, which is largely lacking today. r 2002 Elsevier -
MECHANICS of the POLE VAULT Mechanical Bases of Effective Pole Vaulting Technique
MECHANICS OF THE POLE VAULT Mechanical bases of effective pole vaulting technique Peter M. McGinnis, Ph.D. Department of Kinesiology • SUNY College at Cortland P.O. Box 2000 • Cortland • NY • 13045 email: [email protected] U.S.A. Track and Field 2007 National Podium Education Project December 13-15 • Las Vegas, Nevada T H E V A U L T E R 1. TALL AND LEAN. Elite vaulters are generally tall. Taller athletes have an advantage in the pole vault, especially at the pole strike. A taller athlete usually has a higher reach, and an athlete with a higher reach can strike the pole at a higher angle than a shorter athlete with a lower reach. Perhaps this tip should be entitled "Have a high reach height." Most elite male pole vaulters stand more than 6'0" tall. American record holder Jeff Hartwig is 6' 3". Olympic champion Tim Mack is 6' 2". American record holder Jenn Stuczynski is 6' 0". World record holder Yelena Isinbayeva is 5' 8 ½". There are exceptions, of course - Scott Huffman, Greg Duplantis, Svetlana Feofanova for example. Elite vaulters are lean. There are no exceptions to this rule. 2. FAST. Excellent sprinting ability is necessary for success in the pole vault. During the last steps of their approach runs elite male vaulters reach speeds in excess of 9.5 m/s (29.5 ft/s) while elite female vaulters reach speeds in excess of 8.2 m/s (26.9 m/s). Not all fast vaulters are elite vaulters, but all elite vaulters are fast. -
Track and Field Pre-Meet Notes
2021 TRACK AND FIELD PRE-MEET NOTES HIGHLIGHTS OF RULES CHANGES 01 02 03 04 Exchange Zones: Assisting Other Competitors: Long & Triple Jump Pits: Runways: Exchange Zones will be 30 A competitor should not be For pits constructed after It is illegal to run backward meters long for incoming penalized for helping another 2019, the length of the pit or in the opposite direction competitors running 200 competitor who is distressed shall be at least 23 feet (non-legal direction) on a meters or less. or injured when no (7 meters). horizontal jump, pole vault advantage is gained by the or javelin runway. competitor who is assisting. 2021 PRE-MEET NOTES IN THIS ISSUE: 1 RULES CHANGES HIGHLIGHTS 9 STANDARDIZED PIT SIZE IN THE HORIZONTAL JUMPS 2 2020 POINTS OF EMPHASIS 10 HOSTING A TRACK & FIELD MEET WITH COVID-19/ 4 EXPANDED SPRINT RELAY EXCHANGE ZONES SOCIAL DISTANCING 5 PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO COMPETITORS DURING 14 THE JURY OF APPEALS – WHAT IT IS & HOW IT COMPETITION FUNCTIONS 6 ESTABLISHING TAKE-OFF MARKS IN THE 15 ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASURE (EDM) – BEST HORIZONTAL JUMPS, POLE VAULT AND JAVELIN PRACTICES 7 HOW TO CORRECTLY UTILIZE COURSE MARKINGS 17 CROSS COUNTRY TRAINING SAFETY TIPS FOR IN CROSS COUNTRY INDIVIDUALS & TEAMS 8 CROSS COUNTRY COURSE LAYOUT – THE BASICS 18 CORRECT PLACEMENT OF THE HURDLES 2020 POINTS OF EMPHASIS 1. Meet Administration Providing a quality experience to track and field athletes, coaches, and spectators does not happen by accident. Many months of pre-planning and execution have occurred before the event is finalized and the first event begins. -
Call of Tenders International Sponsorship Agency
CALL OF TENDERS INTERNATIONAL SPONSORSHIP AGENCY Paris, January 11th, 2016 G5 Athletics is a company formed by top European track and field nations (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK). The aim of that JV is to drive business development of new athletics concepts which will be launched in these five countries in 2016. G5 Athletics looks for a worldwide commercial partner of G5 Athletics’ events and products (see below) for the period 2016/2021. The awarded agency will be on charge of developing the G5 Athletics incomes by securing international sponsorship deals. All interested agencies must request to G5 Athletics its global presentation before February 8th, 2016. Ask for presentation CALL OF TENDERS INTERNATIONAL SPONSORSHIP AGENCY PRODUCT #1: NATIONAL VESTS Concept: Gather 5 of the best European nations to create a sponsorship package which provide high level of exposure for brands interested in European market. Objective: Take to market the opportunity for a single sponsor to acquire the national jersey rights for all G5 Athletics nations. Product: Logo on G5 Athletics national teams during European Championships + national rights and visibility on national track and field Championships in G5 Athletics countries. PRODUCT #2: FLY EUROPE Concept: Create a “Five nations” competition which will take place for the first year in famous places in Berlin, Madrid, Roma and Paris. Objective: Launch an international challenge through an event “made for TV”; Meet a new public and expand exposure of track and field through this format. Product: Each G5 Athletics national team will compete in this 10 days challenge across Europe. Each stage will propose a 3 athletics disciplines (sprint; jump; pole vault) PRODUCT #3: EUROPEAN EKIDEN TOUR Concept: Launch the first relay marathon tour in G5 Athletics’ countries; Teams of six runners run the mythic distance of 42.195km (26,385 miles). -
Men's Outdoor Track Event Champions by School
MEN’S OUTDOOR TRACK EVENT CHAMPIONS BY SCHOOL A.C. REYNOLDS ANSON ASHEBORO Brandon Brown 1998 4A High Jump 6’ 10” Harold Liles 1990 4A 100 Meter Dash 10.79 Chuckie Simmons 1986 3/4 100 Meter Dash 10.53 Nick Smith 1999 4A Shot Put 53’ 4.00” Lewis Harris 1992 4A 400 Meter Dash 49.01 1987 3A 4X200 Relay 1:26.47 Kris Fant 2003 4A 110M Hurdles 14.01 Damien Bennett 1994 4A High Jump 6’ 08” Elliot Armstrong 1987 3A 400 Meter Dash 48.20 Cade Liverman 2004 4A 110 M Hurdles 14.41 2019 2A 4X100 Relay 42.98 Dustin Allred 1989 3A 800 Meter Run 1:58.56 Cade Liverman 2004 4A 300 M Hurdles 38.00 Merceda Perry 1997 3A Discus 176’ 06” Courtland Clavette 2010 4A Discus 172’ 00” APEX Michael Massey 1999 3A High Jump 6’ 08” Courtland Clavette 2011 4A Discus 184’ 03” Demetrius Wilson 1990 4A Shot Put 57’ 00.00” Michael Massey 2000 3A High Jump 6’ 08” Courtland Clavette 2011 4A MOP Robbie Howell 1994 4A 1600 Meter Run 4:15.40 Mike Eddy 2007 3A 400 Meter Dash 48.97 Courtland Clavette 2011 4A Shot Put 55’ 0.25” Robbie Howell 1994 4A 800 Meter Run 1:53.56 1996 4A 4X800 Relay 7:58.21 ASHEVILLE A.L. BROWN Troy Minter 1996 4A Triple Jump 47’ 04” Payne 1927 O 440 Yard Dash 53.80 Reggie Littlejohn 1984 O 1600 Meter Run 4:13.78 Chris McMillian 1998 4A Pole Vault 13’ 00” Jones 1929 O 1 Mile Run 4:40.60 Mark Carter 1991 3A Discus 171’ 06” Josh Hyde 2000 4A Pole Vault 14’ 06” Andrews 1931 O Discus 117’ 03” Steve McKnight 1992 3A 200 Meter Dash 22.23 Doug Noreen 2003 4A 800 Meter Run 1:53.71 Andrews 1931 O Shot Put 45’ 8.75” Kennan Lott 1993 3A 300M Hurdles 38.86 2005 4A -
Biological Determinants of Track and Field Throwing Performance
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology Review Biological Determinants of Track and Field Throwing Performance Nikolaos Zaras 1,*, Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki 2 and Gerasimos Terzis 2 1 Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus 2 Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (A.-N.S.); [email protected] (G.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +357-22842318; Fax: +357-22842399 Abstract: Track and field throwing performance is determined by a number of biomechanical and biological factors which are affected by long-term training. Although much of the research has focused on the role of biomechanical factors on track and field throwing performance, only a small body of scientific literature has focused on the connection of biological factors with competitive track and field throwing performance. The aim of this review was to accumulate and present the current literature connecting the performance in track and field throwing events with specific biological factors, including the anthropometric characteristics, the body composition, the neural activation, the fiber type composition and the muscle architecture characteristics. While there is little published information to develop statistical results, the results from the current review suggest that major biological determinants of track and field throwing performance are the size of lean body mass, the neural activation of the protagonist muscles during the throw and the percentage of type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Long-term training may enhance these biological factors and possibly Citation: Zaras, N.; Stasinaki, A.-N.; lead to a higher track and field throwing performance. -
2021 Decathlon Heptathlon Information
THE 64th NH STATE DECATHLON CHAMPIONSHIPS THE 44th NH STATE HEPTATHLON CHAMPIONSHIPS PRESENTED BY NASHUA SOUTH AT NASHUA HIGH SCHOOL NORTH June 18-20, 2021 MEET INFORMATION ENTRIES FOR HEPTATHLON AND DECATHLON ARE TO BE MADE ON DIRECT ATHLETICS FROM MAY 21st – JUNE 16th. PLEASE BE SURE TO INDICATE EACH ATHLETE’S PERSONAL BEST HIGH JUMP HEIGHT IN THE HEPTATHLON AND PERSONAL BEST POLE VAULT HEIGHT IN THE DECATHLON. THERE IS A $40 ENTRY FEE FOR EACH ATHLETE ENTERED. ENTRY FEES MUST BE PAID FOR ALL ATHLETES ENTERED IN ORDER FOR ANY OF YOUR ATHLETES TO COMPETE. IF YOU ENTERED AN ATHLETE THAT IS NOT COMPETING YOU MUST STILL PAY THE $40 ENTRY FEE. PLEASE REMOVE YOUR ATHLETE PRIOR TO THE 16th. YOUR SCHOOL WILL NOT BE ABLE TO PARTICIPATE IN FUTURE COMPETITIONS WITH AN UNPAID BALANCE. FEE MUST BE PAID BY OR ON FRIDAY, JUNE 18th OR SATURDAY, JUNE 19th, WHEN YOU ARRIVE. MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: NASHUA HIGH SOUTH TRACK AND FIELD TEAM, C/O JASON PALING, 17 MEADE ST., NASHUA, NH 03064. **COMPETITION IS OPEN TO ALL HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES, INCLUDING INCOMING (2021) FRESHMEN.** COMPETITORS IN DECATHLON AND HEPTATHLON ARE GROUPED SCHOOL, SCHOOL DISTRICT, THEN REGION. SCORING IS BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION SCORING TABLES FOR TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS. ALL ATHLETES MUST COMPLETE IN ALL EVENTS FOR ANY POINTS TO BE SCORED OR RECORDS TO BE MADE. ALL RUNNING EVENTS ARE BASED ON TIME. IN THE FIELD EVENTS, A MAXIMUM OF THREE THROWS/JUMPS WILL BE GIVEN. THERE WILL BE NO CONCESSIONS THIS YEAR. -
2021 / Issue 236
2021 / ISSUE 236 L-R: USATF President Vin Lananna, USATF CEO Max Siegel, 2021 Legend Coach Award recipient Bill Dellinger, and USATF Coaches Advisory Committee Chair Kevin Reid TRACK COACH Summer 2021 — 236 The official technical LOW GLYCOGEN TRAINING . 7520 publication of VILLANOVA ROUNDTABLE — REMINISCING ABOUT USA Track & Field THE “JUMBO YEARS” . 7522 VISUAL SENSORY DEPRIVATION (VSD) . 7533 TRAINING VS . REHABIILITION . 7541 USATF COACHING EDUCATION . 7544 TRACK FROM THE EDITOR COACH RUSS EBBETS FORMERLY TRACK TECHNIQUE 236 — SUMMER 2021 ALL THE WORLD’S A The official technical STAGE publication of USA Track & Field ED FOX......................................PUBLISHER RUSS EBBETS...................................EDITOR When Aristotle sat down to write the rules of drama some 2500 years TERESA TAM.........PRODUCTION & DESIGN ago, I doubt he gave much thought to relay racing. His Poetics has FRED WILT.......................FOUNDING EDITOR been used by writers and authors since that time to construct plays, movies and television programs that have entertained millions and millions of people worldwide. PUBLICATION But if one were to somehow get Aristotle to attend the Penn Relays Track Coach is published quarterly by on a Saturday afternoon in late April for an hour or so I think he’d be Track & Field News, 2570 W. El Camino Real, #220, asking to borrow someone’s cell to send a text back to his teacher, Mountain View, CA 94040 USA. Plato with the short note, “I have a new idea.” The Fall 2021 issue (No. 237) According to Aristotle a dramatic production consists of six things: of Track Coach will be e-mailed to spectacle, characters, plot, melody, diction and thought. -
Pac-12 T.F Entires .Txt
Name Gender Team Event Adamko, Anna F Washington St. Women's Javelin Adams, Ishmael M UCLA Men's 4 x 100m Relay Alaka, James M Washington Men's 100m Dash Alaka, James M Washington Men's 4 x 100m Relay Alaka, James M Washington Men's 4 x 400m Relay Alaka, James M Washington Men's 200m Dash Alexander, Colby M Oregon Men's 5,000m Run Alexander, Colby M Oregon Men's 1,500m Run Alhasan, Mohammad M Arizona Men's 4 x 100m Relay Alhasan, Mohammad M Arizona Men's 100m Dash Allen, Erin F Washington St. Women's 400m Hurdles Allen, Erin F Washington St. Women's 4 x 400m Relay Almen , Sara F Oregon State Women's High JumP Amaechi, Chioma F California Women's Discus Throw Amaechi, Chioma F California Women's Shot Put Amaechi, Chioma F California Women's Hammer Throw Amaral, Joelle F Washington Women's 5,000m Run Amaral, Joelle F Washington Women's 1,500m Run Amaro, Emilie F Stanford Women's 5,000m Run Amaro, Emilie F Stanford Women's 3,000m SteePlechase Anding, Kevin M Oregon Men's 4 x 400m Relay Anding, Kevin M Oregon Men's 4 x 100m Relay Anding, Kevin M Oregon Men's 400m Dash Andrews, Myles M USC Men's 4 x 400m Relay Andrews, Myles M USC Men's 800m Run Anselmini, Mary Kate F Stanford Women's 5,000m Run Anselmini, Mary Kate F Stanford Women's 3,000m SteePlechase Anthony, Matt M Washington Men's 4 x 100m Relay Anthony, Matt M Washington Men's 4 x 400m Relay Anumba, Faith F UCLA Women's TriPle Jump Anumba, Faith F UCLA Women's Long Jump Armstead, Krista F Washington Women's 400m Dash Armstead, Krista F Washington Women's 4 x 100m Relay Armstead, Krista F Washington Women's 4 x 400m Relay Armstrong, Trae M Arizona State Men's 4 x 100m Relay Armstrong, Trae M Arizona State Men's 200m Dash Armstrong, Trae M Arizona State Men's 100m Dash Armstrong, Trae M Arizona State Men's 4 x 400m Relay Arseneau, Heather F Arizona State Women's Pole Vault Ashe, Shelby F California Women's Hammer Throw Atchoo, Michael M Stanford Men's 1,500m Run Atchoo, Michael M Stanford Men's 5,000m Run Austin, Caroline F Washington St. -
What You Need to Know About Hammer Throw
ATHLETICS OMNIBUS - HAMMER THROW From the Athletics Omnibus of Richard Stander, South Africa HAMMER THROW Hammer Throw is regarded as a strength event. The Hammer Thrower is required to throw a steel ball with a steel wire attached to it as far as possible. Depending on the age and gender of the athlete the weight of the implement will vary between 3kg to 7.26kg. 1. THE COMPETITION AREA THE HAMMER - The hammer consists of three parts; a metal head and spindle, a wire and a grip (handle). THE HAMMER HEAD AND SPINDLE - The head is usually made of steel shells filled with lead. The lead can be added or taken out according to the different weights needed in the various competitions. The spindle, which attaches the wire to the hammerhead, is screwed into the casing and lock in position with an Allen screw. A ball-race is mounted inside the casing of the hammerhead, to allow the spindle to turn. THE WIRE - The wire is a single, unbroken and straight spring steel wire at least 3 mm in diameter. The steel wire is very brittle and any kink in the wire will cause it to break. It is therefore safest to replace it immediately when a kink appears. Hammers, when stored, should hang from a hook, to keep the wire straight. HANDLE - The handles vary in shape, size, and weight, and are usually chosen by throwers according to how the handle fit in their hand. THE THROWING CIRCLE - This is the same as for putting the shot. PROTECTIVE CAGE - The panels are identical to that outlined in discus. -
CROSS COUNTRY RECORDS MEN’S CROSS COUNTRY Site Distance Name Time Year
Record Book CROSS COUNTRY RECORDS MEN’S CROSS COUNTRY Site Distance Name Time Year Holmdel Park (Holmdel, N.J.) 8k Nick Pellegrino 26:25.8 2003 Holmdel Park (Holmdel, N.J.) [new in 2012] 8k Khari Bowen 26:18.6 2014 Thompson Park (Lincroft, N.J.) 6k Matt Caporaso 18:59.1 2005 Thompson Park (Lincroft, N.J.) [new in 2009] 6k Ryan Rafferty 18:56.4 2018 Tatum Park (Holmdel, N.J.) 8k Felix Olivo 26.26.2 1998 Van Cortlandt Park (Bronx, N.Y.) 8k Felix Olivo 25:26.7 1998 Lehigh University (Bethlehem, Pa.) 8k Felix Olivo 24:34.78 1998 Lehigh University (Bethlehem, Pa.) 10k Brian Hoffman 32:00.58 2001 Princeton University (Princeton, N.J.) 8k Khari Bowen 24:42 2013 Princeton University (Princeton, N.J.) 10k Kevin French 32:00.6 2015 Dartmouth Golf Course (Hanover, N.H.) 8k Pete Forgach 26:27.4 2008 West Branch Course (Lock Haven, Pa.) 10k Nick Pellegrino 31:52 2003 Quinnipiac (Hamden, Conn.) 8k Pete Forgach 25:52.4 2009 Stanley Quarter Park (New Britain, Conn.) 5.1mi Ben Hutterer 25:51.9 2010 Stanley Quater Park (New Britain, Conn.) 5K Domenick D’Agostino 15:15.3 2015 Franklin Park (Boston, Mass.) 10k Felix Olivo 31.24 1996 Universtiy of Delaware (Newark, Del.) 8k Felix Olivo 26:09 1998 Rider University (Lawrenceville, N.J.) 8k Kevin French 24:47.2 2015 Rosedale Park (Lawrenceville, N.J.) 8K Graham Huggins-Filozof 24:27.8 2015 Saint Francis (Pa.) 8k Felix Olivo 25:33 1996 Saint Francis (Pa.) - New Course 8k Matt Caporaso 27:16 2005 Lafayette College (Easton, Pa.) 8k Nick Pellegrino 26:17 2001 Belmont Plateau (Philadelphia, Pa.) 8k Brian Hoffman 25:58.1 2001 Garrett Mountain (Woodland Park, N.J.) 8k E. -
2021 Aau Junior Olympic Games Multi-Events/Racewalk
FINAL SCHEDULE- 7/25/21 2021 AAU JUNIOR OLYMPIC GAMES HUMBLE HIGH SCHOOL, HUMBLE, TEXAS MULTI-EVENT/TRACK & FIELD MEET SCHEDULE YOU ARE HEREBY NOTIFIED THAT THE MEET SCHEDULE OUTLINED BELOW IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT PRIOR WRITTEN NOTICE. CLASSIFICATION 8&UG - 8 and under (2013 & After) 12B - 12 years old (2009) 8&UB - 8 and under (2013 & After) 13G – 13 years old (2008) 9G - 9 years old (2012) 13B – 13 years old (2008) 9B - 9 years old (2012) 14G - 14 years old (2007) 10G - 10 years old (2011) 14B - 14 years old (2007) 10B - 10 years old (2011) 15-16G - 15-16 years old (2005-2006) 11G - 11 years old (2010) 15-16B - 15-16 years old (2005-2006) 11B - 11 years old (2010) 17-18G - 17-18 years old (2003-2004) 12G - 12 years old (2009) 17-18B- 17-18 years old (2003-2004) Q = Quarterfinals S = Semifinals F = Finals TF = Timed Final MULTI-EVENTS/RACEWALK SATURDAY, JULY 31 TIME EVENT/AGE GROUP RACE 8:00 AM Decathlon 15-16B (Day 1) 100M, LJ, SP, HJ, 400M 8:15 AM Pentathlon 13G (Finals) 100M Hurdles SP, HJ, LJ, 800M 8:30 AM Pentathlon 13B (Finals) 100M Hurdles, SP, HJ, LJ, 1500M 9:00 AM Decathlon 17-18B (Day 1) 100M, LJ, SP, HJ, 400M 10:30 AM Heptathlon 15-16G (Day 1) 100M Hurdles, HJ, SP, 200M 10:45 AM Heptathlon 17-18G (Day 1) 100M Hurdles, HJ, SP, 200M 11:00 AM Pentathlon 14G (Finals) 100M Hurdles, SP, HJ, LJ, 800M 11:30 AM Pentathlon 14B (Finals) 100M Hurdles, SP, HJ, LJ, 1500M 12:00 PM 1500M Racewalk (9G, 9B, 10G, 10B) TF 2:00 PM 1500M Racewalk (11G, 11B, 12G, 12B) TF SUNDAY, AUGUST 1 TIME EVENT/AGE GROUP RACE 8:00 AM Heptathlon 15-16G (Day